NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)
Pitman’s Shorthand Online Tutorial
LESSON – 9
SMALL & LARGE LOOPS ‘ST’ ‘STR’
‘ST’ LOOP
A simple combination of ‘s’+’t’ (‘st’) is represented by a small loop
written to the half of the stroke to which it is attached; thus,
stop, paste, cost, stock, mist, steam,
justify.
The small loop may be employed initially, medially and finally;
thus, stage, just, justify.
Like the circle ‘s’, the small loop is written with left motion to the
straight strokes and inside the curves.
Like the circle ‘s’, initial loop is read first and final loop is read last,
vowels are placed and read to the strokes but not to the loops.
The small loop when written finally represents the combinations of
‘st’, ‘sd’ and ‘zd’ also; thus past, passed, faced,
amused, deposed.
When a vowel occurs between ‘s’ and ‘t’, the outline is written using
circle ‘s’ and ‘t’ but loop is not used; thus, best, but beset,
.. rest, but receipt.
When a vowel follows final ‘t’ or ‘d’, i.e. when a word ends with a
vowel, loop cannot be written, as there must be a place for the final
vowel sign; thus, dust, but dusty, rust, but rusty.
The word ‘caused’ is written fully to distinguish with cost.
‘STR’ LOOP
A combination of three sounds ‘s’+’t’+’r’ ‘str’ (ster) is represented
by writing a large loop extending to two thirds of the stroke to which
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it is attached. The ‘str’ (ster) loop must not be written initially in
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the outlines. Like the circle ‘s’ and loop ‘st’, ‘str’ loop is written with
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NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)
Pitman’s Shorthand Online Tutorial
left motion when attached to straight strokes and inside curves;
thus pose, post, poster, toss, taste, taster,
mass, mast, master.
The ‘st’ and ‘str’ loops may be used medially also; thus, test,
testify, tester, master-piece.
A small circle ‘s’ can be added to the ‘st’ and ‘str’ loops; thus
taste, tastes, busters, chesters.
When a strongly sounded vowel occurs between ‘st’ and ‘r’, the
large loop ‘str’ cannot be written, as there must be a place for the
vowel sign; thus, paster, but pasture; poster, but
posture.
GRAMMALOGUES
first influenceinfluenced next most language thing young your Lord we
owing
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NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)
Pitman’s Shorthand Online Tutorial
EXERCISE – 12
Write outlines for the following words, verify them with the ‘key’ and
practice them thoroughly.
1) stoppage stoutly storage sterling steam-ship Stemless
2) stethoscope stainless suggests stylist stevedore pessimist
3) burst denounced memorized invester justness artistic
4) manifests fantastic semesters administer forester Gesture
5) reservists Winchester Investers ancestors hypnotized scholistic
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Read the following outlines and write correct words, verify them
with the ‘key’ and practice them thoroughly.
6)
7)
8)
9)
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10)
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Transcribe the following script into longhand, verify with ‘key’ and practice, as many
number of times, as you can.
Write the following letter in shorthand, verify it with ‘key’ and practice the script, as
many times, as you can.
Messrs. Johnson Sons, Singapore. Sirs, We-have-your memo of-the first August,
and-thank-you. You-may-rely on-our dealing-with-this, with-the slightest delay. We
hope to dispatch-the cases by Monday, so-as-to-reach-you on Tuesday. We-know,
we-can satisfy-you fully as-to-the style and make-up of both-the sarees and shawls.
As you know, we-are-now almost seventy years in-this business, and so we-have so-
much capacity to-make things. We always exercise our utmost ability in testing and
fixing necessary details of style in all-our wares. We-seek first to arrest the notice of-
ladies by emphasizing beauty of-the “hang” of our sarees, noticing, as-we-do, how
this induces a likely customer to decide to buy in many-cases. Yours, India Silk
House.
<a href=
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target=”_blank” style=> KEY TO EXERCISE 12</a>
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BRIEF ANALYSIS
A small loop written to the half length of the stroke to which it is
attached represents ‘st’ initially, ‘sd’ or ‘zd’ medially or finally.
A large loop written to two thirds of the stroke to which it is
attached represents ‘str’ (ster), medially and finally. ‘str’ loop
should not be written initially.
The small loop initially written to the straight strokes with the same
motion as the initial circle ‘s’ or ‘sw’.
The small loop ‘st’ and large loop ‘str’, medially and finally, are
written to straight strokes with the same motion as the final circle ‘s’
or ‘ses’.
The ‘st’ loop cannot used when a vowel occurs between ‘s’ and ‘t’.
It cannot be written when a vowel follows final ‘st’, to provide a
place for the vowel sign (and there are no places for the vowel sign
on the circles or loops).
The small or large loops are always written inside the curves.
The loops ‘st’ or ‘str’ when written initially read first, and finally read
last. When a small circle is attached to the final ‘st’ or ‘str’ loops,
that small circle ‘s’ is read last.
The ‘str’ loop cannot be written when a strongly sounded vowel
occurs between ‘st’ and ‘r’.
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Pitman’s Shorthand Online Tutorial
Take required no. of print outs of this page and practise all the outlines as given in
Exercise-12 as directed.
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