02Leaflet ECPE S_S INT_02Leaflet ECPE S_S INT 07/08/2012 4:52 ΜΜ Page 24

Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

1 What is the primary purpose of this

Lead-in text?
a to discuss the dangers of nuclear
ñ The pictures show several Hydropower
energy
sources of energy. Can b to discuss the pros and cons of
you think of any other nuclear energy
sources? c to show why nuclear waste is
ñ Could nuclear harmful
d to show the dangers of fossil fuels
power help
us solve
G Y 2 According to the passage, why is
the energy
R there renewed interest in nuclear
ENE

problem? Solar Energy energy?

Read the
a Alternative energy sources are not
text to find
practical.
out.
b It does not pollute the atmosphere.
c Fossil fuels will become too
expensive.
d Its safety issues have been
resolved.
3 What claim does the writer make
Wind Energy
about nuclear power?
a It has solved its waste disposal
Reading problem.
b It will be completely harmless in the
Read the passage below, and answer the questions. Explain the words future.
in bold. Then use each word in a sentence. c It is an environmentally-friendly
energy source.
d It was not thought to be
With the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, nuclear power is back on
dangerous in the past.
the political agenda as the greenest and most realistic energy source for the
future, not without controversy, though. Until recently, disasters such as 4 What is suggested in the passage
Three Mile Island and Chernobyl underpinned the commonly-held view that about the way we live our lives?
the technology was fundamentally hazardous. However, as traditional fossil a We consume a lot of energy.
fuel counterparts choke the atmosphere and climate change reduces b We dispose of too much waste.
workable pasture land to barren deserts, a new tolerance may have to be c We dislike changing our lifestyles.
considered. Those who once dismissed it face the unsettling realization that d We ignore serious problems.
nuclear power may be the least harmful for future energy needs and the
5 What problem needs to be overcome
most viable in comparison with renewable energy sources like wind, wave,
in the adoption of nuclear power?
and solar power.
Advocates highlight the fact that nuclear power has no regulated air a the willingness of governments to
emissions, which means no greenhouse gases; in terms of radioactivity, invest
they claim that fossil fuel equivalents, such as coal, release far more b the safety of workers in nuclear
radiation than nuclear power plants. They also list the number of deaths per power plants
year that can be attributed to mining operations and question a reliance on c the appeal of alternative energy
fossil fuel combustion that has brought the Earth to the brink of ecological sources
catastrophe. According to these arguments, nuclear power is the key to the d the public perception of nuclear
ever-increasing demands of our energy-intense society. power
For the public, however, safety and waste disposal still remain of
paramount importance. Nuclear power does generate waste and the public
fear of radioactive material taking many thousands of years to decay is hard
to dispel. To a certain extent, the solution is recycling, an approach similar
to the one we take with conventional household waste; new technology is
being developed that takes concentrations of plutonium and uses it as a fuel
in its own right with only a 300-year radioactive lifespan. That may not be the
ideal remedy, but it seems that we may be witnesses to a nuclear
renaissance very few of us would ever have anticipated.

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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

New Vocabulary Definition

Counterpart : A person or thing that has the same position as somebody/something else
Reliance : The state of needing somebody/something to do something
Chocked : To be full
Brink : To be in a very dangerous situation.
Decays : rot or decompose through the action of bacteria and fungi
Disposal : the action or process of getting rid of something
Concentration [on] : Focusing on
Combustion : the process of burning something
Pasture : land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle
or sheep
Dispel : make (a doubt, feeling, or belief) disappear
Risk : a situation involving exposure to danger
Nuclear : relating to the nucleus of an atom
Apply : make a formal application or request
Methods : Ways
Waste : use or expend carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose
Advent : the arrival of a notable person or thing
Trigger : a small device that releases a spring or catch and so sets off a mechanism, especially in
order to fire a gun
Seeming : appearing to be real or true, but not necessarily being so; apparent
Common : occurring, found, or done often; prevalent
Discuss : talk about (something) with a person or people
Dispose [of] : get rid of by throwing away or giving or selling to someone else
Conventional : based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed
Trash : waste material; refuse
Absorb : take in or soak up (energy or a liquid or other substance) by chemical or physical action
Leak : accidentally lose or admit contents, especially liquid or gas, through a hole or crack
Disaster : a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life.
Victim : a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, or other event or action.
Reservation : Booking
Equivalent : equal in value, amount, function, meaning, etc.
Intense : of extreme force, degree, or strength.
Rigorous : extremely thorough and careful.
Synthetic : not genuine; insincere.
Reputable : having a good reputation.
Reciprocal : given, felt, or done in return.
Viable : capable of working successfully; feasible.
Hazardous : risky; dangerous.
Witness : a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place.
Perils : serious and immediate danger.
Entail : involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence.
Emissions : the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation.
Anticipate : expect or predict.
Relegate : assign an inferior rank or position to.
Notion : Idea
Paramount : more important than anything else; supreme.
Instant : happening or coming immediately.

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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

New Vocabulary Definition

Equivalent : equal in value, amount, function, meaning, etc.
Parallel : side by side and having the same distance continuously between them
Sack : a large bag made of a strong material such as hessian, thick paper, or plastic, used for
storing and carrying goods.
Ravage : cause severe and extensive damage to
Degrade : treat or regard (someone) with contempt or disrespect.
Dense : closely compacted in substance.
Adjoining : be next to and joined with
Restrain : prevent (someone or something) from doing something; keep under control or within limits.
Truncate : shorten the duration or extent of.
Curtail : reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on.
Dock : an enclosed area of water in a port for the loading, unloading, and repair of ships.
Overwhelming : very great in amount.
Backlash : a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, especially to a social or political
development.
Aftermath : the consequences or after-effects of a significant unpleasant event.
Sequels : a published, broadcast, or recorded work that continues the story or develops the theme of
an earlier one.
Repercussion : an unintended consequence of an event or action, especially an unwelcome one.
Divert : cause (someone or something) to change course or turn from one direction to another
Acclaim : praise enthusiastically and publicly.
Insensitive : showing or feeling no concern for others' feelings.
Stolid : calm, dependable, and showing little emotion or animation.
Obtuse : annoyingly insensitive or slow to understand.
Detention : the action of detaining someone or the state of being detained in official custody.
Preordain : decide or determine (an outcome or course of action) beforehand.
Predestine : determine (an outcome or course of events) in advance by divine will or fate.
Condemn : express complete disapproval of; censure
Pulley : a wheel with a grooved rim around which a cord passes, which acts to change the direction
of a force applied to the cord and is used to raise heavy weights.
Allocate : distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose.
Ascertain : find (something) out for certain; make sure of.

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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

8 Despite the perils it entails, ............. of nuclear

Vocabulary energy point out its cost-effectiveness.
a emissions c adversaries
b counterparts d advocates
1 Fill in: counterpart / reliance / choked / brink /
decays / disposal / concentration / 9 The protestors ............. the arrival of police forces
combustion / pasture / dispel and scattered in different directions.
a advocated c relegated
1 The world’s heavy ............................. on the use of
b anticipated d motivated
fossil fuels poses a serious risk to the environment.
2 Countries capable of nuclear power production are 10 The local authorities ............. the notion of
beginning to apply safer methods for the ............... constructing a nuclear reactor in the area.
of nuclear waste. a triggered c dismissed
3 The advent of the ......................... engine triggered b generated d stimulated
the world’s biggest environmental problem. 11 It is of ............. importance that we use alternative
4 The sight of sheep or cows grazing in seemingly forms of energy.
safe ................. land in industrial areas is common. a complete c instant
5 There is a high ............................ of carbon dioxide b paramount d intense
in the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels. 12 Wind farms need much more space than power
6 The U.S. Secretary of Energy met with his plants to produce the ............. amount of energy.
....................... in the U.K. to discuss nuclear energy. a equivalent c parallel
7 The fear of a possible nuclear accident is hard to b matching d identical
.................................. .
8 Unlike nuclear waste which is hard to dispose of,
conventional trash quickly ....................................... Listening, Speaking & Writing
and is absorbed.
9 A radioactive leak in a major nuclear power plant
may lead us to the ........................ of total disaster.
ñ ≤You are going to hear two people debating the use
of nuclear power. Listen carefully and take notes.
10 The victim .................................... to death from the
What reasons does Charles give in support of nuclear
poisonous fumes.
power? What reasons does Linda give against the use
of nuclear power? Which source of energy do you

2 Circle the correct answer. think is safest? Why? Have a discussion in groups.
Use the language below.
1 The world’s oil ............. are rapidly decreasing.
a reservations c reserves Expressing opinion
b concentrations d equivalents
ñ As far as ... is/are ñ So, I really see no
2 There was ............. pressure for the U.S. Secretary concerned ... reason why …
of Energy to resign after the disaster. ñ First of all, it is ñ I (don’t) think that …
a furious b rigorous c intense d violent important to point out ñ That’s exactly the point.
3 The building analyst calculated a more ............. that … You just said it yourself.
figure for the cost of building the new power plant. ñ It is therefore ñ I would add that …
a synthetic c fantastic necessary … ñ I’m not sure that/
b realistic d automatic ñ In actuality, despite about …
4 Nature provides us with many forms of ............. common belief … ñ I think we need to look
energy which we should use more widely. ñ In fact, if you think at ...
a renewable c reciprocal about it … ñ The reality of the
b reputable d reversible ñ For instance, it is situation is that …
believed that …
5 Landfills contain all kinds of ............. waste such as
batteries, engine oil, and industrial paint. ñ IT Collect information, then in your own words,
a viable c hazardous briefly summarize how nuclear energy is formed
b realistic d fossil (120 -180 words). You can visit this website:
6 There is a lot of ............. as to the safety of nuclear- http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students.html
powered cars. ñ IT Which are the most serious nuclear accidents
a demand c anticipation in history? Collect information and give a class
b controversy d reliance presentation. You can visit these websites:
7 If efforts are not made to preserve our planet, future http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_accident and
generations may ...... unprecedented environmental http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/
destruction. nuclear_disasters/nuclear_disasters.html
a witness c contemplate
b regard d facilitate

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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

1. The hurricane ____ the city, leaving many people 11. In political debates, candidates often use personal
homeless. attacks to ____ the real issues and social problems.
a. sacked a. deviate
b. ravaged b. divert
c. degraded c. direct
d. overcame d. deflect
2. Drivers had trouble seeing the road ahead through the 12. The oil spill ____ the area’s drinking water.
____ fog. a. contaminated
a. dense b. infected
b. compact c. stained
c. deep d. corrupted
d. opaque 13. The bus was running late, so Ben ____ a taxi.
3. The decorations are perfect, but I think the costumes a. invited
are ____ . b. hailed
a. extra c. acclaimed
b. superfluous d. waved
c. prolific 14. The new employee was ____; he was fired after he
d. senseless made no effort to learn the new computer program.
4. The dietician advised her client to ____ her diet with a. stolid
vitamins. b. dull
a. complement c. obtuse
b. accompany d. insensitive
c. supplement 15. The student took the ____ for everyone and spent three
d. extend hours in detention.
5. The factory ____ harmful chemicals that destroy the a. fault
ozone layer. b. guilt
a. exudes c. liability
b. transmits d. blame
c. emits 16. The accountant ____ his colleagues’ unethical practices
d. secretes throughout the years.
6. Waiters call out to pedestrians and try to ____ them into a. condemned
eating at their restaurants. b. sentenced
a. entice c. preordained
b. conduct d. predestined
c. coerce 17. The farmers sprayed ____ on their crops to kill the
d. lead bugs.
7. The new neighbors bought the adjoining ____ so that a. compost
they can put in a pool. b. fertilizers
a. surface c. emissions
b. plot d. pesticides
c. section 18. This new home entertainment system can be paid for in
d. ground ten interest-free ____ .
8. Officials are trying to ____ the number of accidents a. prices
caused by reckless drivers. b. settlements
a. restrain c. installments
b. truncate d. currencies
c. curtail 19. The movers used a pulley and some rope to ____ the
d. dock piano up to the third floor.
9. The earthquake had ____ effects on the small town. a. tow
a. overwhelming b. haul
b. agitating c. tug
c. stupefying d. hoard
d. devastating 20. The athlete accepted his reward and ____ his success
10. Some people do not realize the ____ of crash diets. to his coach and the team’s hard work.
a. backlash a. attributed
b. aftermath b. assigned
c. sequels c. allocated
d. repercussions d. ascertained

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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

21. Over the years, the weather had ____ the tombstones in 31. After the earthquake, there was a great need for ____
the cemetery. water.
a. disintegrated a. potable
b. worn b. transparent
c. eroded c. sanctified
d. corrupted d. purified
22. Mark ____ a lot of effort in learning French. 32. Charles has ____ to treat his friends unfairly.
a. supplied a. a partiality
b. provided b. a liability
c. invested c. a tendency
d. furnished d. a hindrance
23. After the hurricane hit their town, many people were 33. Mr. Rogers admired Marisa’s ____ and made her team
____ and had to struggle to get back on their feet. leader.
a. demolished a. drive
b. destitute b. intensity
c. penurious c. force
d. deprived d. power
24. Many accidents ____ after the heavy snowfall. 34. Melissa was confused about what career path to follow
a. ensued and asked her teacher for some ____ advice.
b. resulted a. equitable
c. circulated b. uninvolved
d. developed c. neutral
25. After visiting the Museum of Fine Art, Sarah was ____ to d. impartial
paint her mother’s portrait. 35. The ____ from the earthquake caused cracks in the
a. incensed walls.
b. elevated a. shakes
c. stirred b. tremors
d. inspired c. shivers
26. The designer is using a pop star to help ____ his new d. quavers
collection. 36. Bobby told his therapist about the ____ nightmare he
a. project had been having for the last month.
b. launch a. chronic
c. instigate b. customary
d. propel c. recurring
27. The actress made a(n) ____ entrance at the ceremony d. habitual
to attract everyone’s attention. 37. Patrick felt that something was ____ with the victim’s
a. enormous story and decided to investigate.
b. monumental a. invalid
c. pretentious b. incorrect
d. grandiose c. mistaken
28. Alex was so tired from his trip that he ____ off to sleep d. amiss
at the dinner table. 38. My mother learned how to ____ a carpet on her trip to
a. drifted Morocco.
b. wandered a. lace
c. floated b. weave
d. wafted c. knit
29. Smog is more ____ in polluted city centers. d. entwine
a. customary 39. I would appreciate it if you could ____ the tape, so I can
b. established hear the message again.
c. paramount a. rewind
d. prevalent b. reverse
30. The increase in the cost of living has ____ many stay-at- c. resume
home moms to return to work. d. return
a. prompted 40. The high tide caused the boat to ____ from side to side.
b. elicited a. bend
c. provoked b. swing
d. produced c. sway
d. lean

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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

1. The corporation ________ to announce its new chief 11. As the number of employees is growing, ________ has
executive officer. decided to move to a larger building.
a. supposed a. that the company
b. is on the point b. the company
c. will be c. so the company
d. is due d. so that the company
2. The aromatherapy treatment has ____ wonders for him. 12. Even though my best friend lives in Japan, we call each
a. done other every ________ .
b. played a. time to time
c. made b. once a month
d. taken c. now and again
3. “How will I know it’s your brother?” d. time and again
“He ________ a green Ford.” 13. Dr. Evans is regarded ________ the best surgeon in the
a. will have been driving city.
b. will drive a. to being
c. will be driving b. as though she were
d. will have driven c. as
4. “Do you want me to help you file your income tax return?” d. that she is
“Yes. Could you please explain ________?” 14. “Do you need any help with those grocery bags?”
a. it me “________ to ask! Thank you!”
b. it to me a. How kind of you
c. to me it b. What kind of you
d. me it c. How kind are you
5. “I’m afraid Mrs. Adams is running a little late.” d. What kind are you
“That’s OK; I ________ wait.” 15. If you have any problems ________ , don’t hesitate to
a. might as well call me.
b. had better to a. whichever
c. would prefer b. if ever
d. could well c. however
6. Finding new clients isn’t easy, but ________ you’ll reap d. whatsoever
financial rewards. 16. Boston to Pittsburg is ________ drive.
a. in time a. a twelve-hour
b. for a time b. twelve hours of
c. in the time c. a twelve hour’s
d. by the time d. twelve-hours
7. She never went back to that town; ____ her humiliation. 17. There’s something in the garage that is giving ________
a. was so a foul smell.
b. such was a. away
c. so was b. up
d. was such c. as
8. Dan ________ hour after hour skateboarding when he d. off
was a teenager. 18. Of all the appliance stores I visited today, this one is
a. used to be spending ________ expensive.
b. was spending a. least of all
c. was used to spend b. the least
d. would spend c. less
9. “The boss put Lynn in charge of the Personnel d. the lesser
Department.” 19. The flood damage in Bangladesh was estimated
“I don’t think she’s ________ the job.” ________ over 80 million dollars.
a. up with a. at
b. in for b. into
c. up to c. with
d. in to d. by
10. Software installation is already _______ progress. 20. The government is committed ________ terrorism.
a. in a. they fight
b. about b. for fighting
c. under c. to fight
d. on d. to fighting

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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

1b Grammar Present Tenses

Simple Present 1 Fill in the blanks using the simple present or present progressive.

It is used:
ñ for permanent situations/states.
He doesn’t live in New York anymore.
ñ for permanent truths or laws of nature.
Water freezes at 32Æ F. Nowadays, more and more schools 1) ..........................
ñ for repeated actions/habits (especially (face) new problems concerning Internet use. Currently,
with frequency adverbs). She always the music industry 2) ......................... (file) complaints with
washes her car every Saturday afternoon. universities across the country and 3) ...........................
ñ for reviews/sports commentaries/ (accuse) students of sharing MP3 files over school
headlines/narration. Meryl Streep acts networks. In most cases, a student 4) ......................... (pay) for the MP3 file,
superbly in the movie. but 5) ............................. (make) it available to his or her friends at no charge.
ñ for schedules/programs (future When asking students why they do it, they simply reply: “Everyone
reference). The plane lands at 12:50 pm. 6) ..................... (do) it because nobody 7) ............................ (think) they will
ñ in exclamatory sentences that begin get caught!” Industries usually 8) ............................... (identify) the students
with there or here. There he goes! by their numerical Internet address and then 9) ....................... (report) them
to the universities. They 10) ............................ (also/improve) their programs
Time expressions: every day/week/month/ to stop future MP3 sharing.
year, usually, sometimes, always, rarely,
never, often, in the morning/afternoon/
evening, at noon, at night, etc.

Adverbs of frequency express how often

2 Complete the sentences using the present progressive and then
indicate its use.
something happens: always (100%), usually 1 A: Michael just got a new job in France.
(75%), often (50%), sometimes (25%), B: He’s leaving (leave) for Paris next month. (fixed arrangement in
seldom/rarely (10%), never (0%). the future)

Present Progressive 2 A: Hi, Mrs. Brady. Is Peter home?

B: Yes, but he ............................... (take) a shower at the moment.
It is used: 3 A: Do you want to come see a play with me tonight?
ñ for temporary situations. She is staying B: I can’t. I ........................................................... (babysit) tonight.
with her aunt this week. 4 A: Is Linda in the office today?
ñ for changing or developing situations.
B: No, she ..................................................... (not/work) this week.
Hybrid cars are becoming popular.
ñ for frequently repeated actions with 5 A: I can’t stand the way Daisy drives!
always, constantly, continually, B: You ............................................. (always/complain) about her!
expressing annoyance or criticism. He’s 6 A: Are you still on the gymnastics team?
always talking in class. B: Yes, but I’m going to quit. The competitions ..............................
ñ for actions happening at or around the (get) too hard.
moment of speaking. Pete is studying for a
math test now. Are your parents looking for a
new house?
ñ for fixed arrangements in the near
future. I’m meeting Ann this afternoon.
3 Fill in the blanks using the simple present or the present
progressive.
Time expressions: now, at the moment,
at present, nowadays, today, tonight,
always, still, etc. Dear Mom and Dad,
Hi! How 1) ..................... (you/do)? Soccer camp 2) ...................
(be) great fun! Every morning we 3) ............................ (practice) for
Stative Verbs
three hours. The drills 4) ............................. (get) harder and harder as
Stative verbs are verbs which describe a state we go along! After that, the coaches 5) .......................... (give) us free
rather than an action. They do not normally time. There are many activities to choose from. This afternoon my
have a progressive form. These verbs are: friends and I 6) ....................... (hike) to the top of the mountain near
ñ verbs of the senses (used to express our camp.
involuntary actions): feel, hear, see, smell, My teammates are all very friendly. I really 7) ......................... (like)
taste, etc. I hear someone calling me. hanging out with them. The regional finals 8) ............................ (be) at
ñ verbs of feeling and emotions: adore, 7 pm next Monday. Although my team 9) ................................
detest, dislike, forgive, hate, like, etc. (not/have) a good chance of making it, we intend to give it our best!
She really likes chatting online. I have to go now. My friends 10) ...................... (wait) for me!
Lots of love,
Jamie
8
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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

Grammar Present Tenses 1b

ñ verbs of opinion: agree, believe, suppose,
4 Put the verbs in parentheses into the simple present or present
progressive.
understand, etc. I believe you’re wrong.
1 A: I ..................... (see) there’s a great movie on TV. Would you like
ñ other verbs: appear (= seem), belong,
concern, contain, depend, fit (= be the to watch it?
right shape and size for sth), have B: I’d love to, but I ..................... (see) my lawyer later today, so I
(= possess), know, mean, owe, own, have to go soon.
possess, need, prefer, require, want, 2 A: I ........................................... (think) of buying an electric guitar.
weigh, wish, keep (= continue), seem, B: I .................................................. (not/think) that’s a good idea.
etc. They know a lot about music. 3 A: Why ............................................................ (you/smell) the pot?
Note: Feel and hurt can be used in B: I’ve washed it twice, and it still ......................... (smell) like fish.
progressive or simple forms. Sue is feeling/
4 A: My parents ......................... (look) at some vacation brochures.
feels dizzy. Listen, look, and watch express
B: That’s why they ................................................ (look) so happy!
deliberate actions and can be used in
progressive forms. They are looking at the 5 A: .......................................................... (you/do) anything tonight?
sunset. B: Yes. I ......................... (go) to the movies with Ann. The movie
......................... (start) at 7:00 so we .............................. (meet)
er! at 6:30 outside the movie theater. Would you like to join us?
Rememb
6 A: The doctor ................................... (weigh) the baby to see if he
Some stative verbs (be, love, enjoy, see,
has gained any weight.
smell, taste, think, etc.) have progressive
B: He .......................................... (weigh) about 16 pounds I think.
forms, but there is a difference in meaning.
(For details see Grammar Appendix 1b.) 7 A: ................................................ (Mike/enjoy) his new computer?
B: Yes, he ................................................... (enjoy) surfing the Net.
8 A: The Simpsons ..................... (have) money troubles nowadays.
Present Perfect B: Really? But they both .................................... (have) great jobs!

It is used:
ñ for recently completed actions. She has 5 Choose the correct answer.

redecorated her bedroom. (The action is 1 He ............. Cuba for two years.
complete – her bedroom is now a has been in c has been to
redecorated – evidence in the present.) b is going in d has gone in
ñ for completed past actions connected to 2 Melina ............. in a good mood.
the present with stated or unstated time a has been usually c is usually
reference, or with time words such as b is usually being d is being usually
just or already. They have bought a car.
3 Martha ............. washing her car.
(We don’t know when they bought the
car.) He has just returned from work. (stated a just finish c just finishes
time reference) b has finished just d has just finished
ñ for personal experiences/changes which 4 I ............. waterskiing before.
have happened. I have never eaten such a a have never tried c am trying never
delicious cake! I have gained weight recently. b never try d never trying
ñ to emphasize number. We have seen three 5 She ............. the movies twice this week.
movies this week. It is the first time I’ve been to
a goes to c is going
Alaska. (use of phrase it is the first/
b has been to d has been in
second, etc. time ...)
6 I ............. hockey for a year.
Time expressions: just, ever, already, a playing c am not playing
never, yet, always, recently, how long, so b don’t play d haven’t played
far, since, for, today, this week/month, etc.

6 Fill in the blanks with the following words.

er! rarely / since / ever / for / just / still / yet / already / before
Rememb
1 Have you ............................. been to a soccer game?
ñ He has gone to the store. (He’s on his
2 I’ve never seen that man ............................. .
way to the store, or he’s there now.
3 This movie has not ............................. been rated.
He hasn’t come back yet.)
4 It’s almost seven o’clock, and I .................... haven’t started dinner!
ñ He has been to Las Vegas. (He has
5 Bill hasn’t spoken to Lara ............................. their fight.
visited Las Vegas, but he isn’t there
6 You don’t have to vacuum. I’ve ......................... done it.
now. He has come back.)
ñ He has been in Switzerland for two years. 7 Sorry, but Mr. Burns has ....................... stepped out for a moment.
(He lives in Switzerland now.) 8 Tony has played on the baseball team ............. more than two years.
9 The new celebrity couple has .............. been seen in public together.
9
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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

1c Grammar Present Tenses

Present Perfect Progressive 8 Name the correct present tense in bold, and then match it to its use.
1 He usually watches TV after dinner.
It is used: 2 They have been sunbathing all afternoon.
ñ for actions started in the past and
3 The play starts at 7 pm.
continuing up to the present. She has
been answering emails for an hour. (She 4 We are trying to book our vacation right now.
started an hour ago and she’s still 5 She is happy because she has just bought a new car.
answering them.) 6 We are flying to Paris next week.
ñ for past actions of certain duration 7 Sports cars are getting more and more expensive.
having visible results or effects in the 8 Snow falls in the winter.
present. They have been shoveling snow.
That’s why they’re out of breath. a fixed arrangement for the future
ñ to express anger, irritation, annoyance, b schedule
explanation, or criticism. She has been c action which started in the past and continued up to the present with
opening my mail. (annoyance) Who has emphasis on duration
been using my computer? (anger) d changing or developing situation
ñ to emphasize duration with for, since, or e law of nature
how long. I have been feeling ill for days. f action happening at the time of speaking
g daily routine
Time expressions: just, since, how long,
h action that happened at an unstated time in the past
for, all day/week, etc.

er!
Rememb
The present perfect and the present
9 Put the verbs in parentheses in the simple present, present
progressive, present perfect, or present perfect progressive tense.
perfect progressive can be used
1 A: Stan .......................................................... (exercise) a lot lately.
interchangeably with certain verbs such
B: Yes, he ............................... (compete) in a triathlon next week.
as: work, study, stay, wait, live, etc.
She has lived/has been living in Maine for 2 A: After work, I usually ............................. (walk) the dog and then
twenty years. ............................................................................... (cook) dinner.
B: I .................................................... (always/watch) the 6 o’clock
evening news when I get home from work.
3 A: Ben ................................ (take) his driving test tomorrow, right?
B: Yes, but he probably won’t pass because he .............................
7 Complete the sentences using the
present perfect or the present 4
.............................................................................. (not/practice).
A: They ....................................... (already/pack) for their vacation.
perfect progressive. B: Really? They ................................... (not/leave) until next week!
1 A: I didn’t know Phil had a dog! 5 A: I ........................................... (not/see) Sara much this summer.
B: Yeah, he ................ (have) it for B: She ....................................................... (play) soccer every day.
two years.

2 A: I’m going out!

B: Already? You ....................... 10 Look at the pictures and answer the questions using the
appropriate present tense. In pairs, use the pictures to make up
................... (only/work) for half more questions and answer them.
an hour!

3 A: Why are you angry at your

brother?
B: He .................................... (use)
my computer all week without
asking me.
1 What is she 2 What haven’t they
4 A: Angela is a wonderful girl. doing? done yet?
B: Yes, she is. Actually, I ................
................... (know) her since
high school. 3 What have they been
5 A: .................................. (she/talk) doing all weekend?
on the phone all this time?
B: Yes, that’s why our phone bill is
so high. 4 Where is she?

10
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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

Exam Practice Grammar 1c

examTip
Read the sentence carefully, then read the four options. Decide which completes the sentence correctly. Remember that
common mistakes are often included as options. Read the completed sentence to make sure it makes sense.

1. He seems to be getting _______________ at football. 10. Dinner will be ready by the time you _______________ home.
a. better and better a. come
b. best and better b. coming
c. more better c. will come
d. best d. will have come
2. “Why wasn’t Jennifer at the party on Saturday?” 11. “Have you ever been to a Thai restaurant?”
“She _______________ about the date change.” “Yes, I _______________ to one just last week.”
a. wasn’t been told a. was going
b. hadn’t been told b. went
c. hadn’t told c. have gone
d. wasn’t been informed d. had gone
3. “Who won the tournament?” 12. I wish I _______________ that second piece of cake. I had a
“Both teams – they _______________ for first place.” stomachache all night long.
a. tie a. could not eat
b. tied b. would not eat
c. are tying c. had not eaten
d. had tied d. did not eat
4. “I hope people at work _______________ to carpool more often.” 13. This soup isn’t _______________ to eat yet.
“Yeah. It’s a good way to protect the environment.” a. warm enough
a. began b. very warm
b. beginning c. too warm
c. will begin d. much warmer
d. must begin 14. We _______________ by his announcement.
5. “Are you going to invite Jane to the school dance?” a. were surprised
“Well, I _______________ , but I’m not sure.” b. surprised ourselves
a. want to c. were surprising
b. am wanting to d. found surprise
c. have wanted to 15. _______________ a donation, but she also founded an
d. to want to organization for the homeless.
6. Hardly had I opened the door, ___________ I heard somebody a. She did only make
scream. b. Not only she made
a. but c. Not only did she make
b. after d. She only made not
c. than 16. Let’s ask Tim _______________ on his birthday cake.
d. when a. he wants
7. Late _______________ it was, he still called her. b. what he wants
a. although c. what does he want
b. despite d. does he want
c. nevertheless 17. “I am thinking about traveling abroad.”
d. though “Well, traveling to a foreign country has _______________ its
8. No sooner had they left, _______________ it started raining. positive and negative points.”
a. but a. both
b. when b. neither
c. than c. also
d. after d. either
9. It’s very important that you _______________ here on time for the 18. “I want to take the family on a European tour.”
meeting tomorrow. “You _______________ your trip arranged through my travel
a. will be agent – she’s great!”
b. are being a. must have
c. be b. would rather have
d. will have been c. will have
d. had better have
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Mr. Walid Abdrabou The Elite 2021-2022

Cloze passages usually test two areas: sentence structure (grammar, phrasal verbs, etc.) and overall meaning (organization,
discourse, etc.). First, scan the text quickly before choosing the correct answer. Second, go through the text item by item to find
out what’s being tested (sentence structure or overall meaning), and then quickly study the choices. Use a process of elimination
to narrow down the choices. Finally, read the text again to make sure your answers make sense.

1 a began c launch
Urban renewal refers to a number of programs
b arose d discontinued
sometimes funded by the government which redevelop
badly designed or run-down urban areas. Although it 2 a of c with
(1) ............. as a governmental program aimed at b in d out
enhancing inner-city housing, urban renewal has gradually
developed into projects that rely on community 3 a and c for
participation. It deals (2) ............. important urban b only d as
problems such as faulty planning, poor landscaping, lack
of open spaces, (3) ............. the like. 4 a dates c belongs
The history of urban renewal (4) ............. back to b comes d exists
ancient times, when Rome was rebuilt by Augustus. Since
5 a impact c impression
then, it has not only played a major role in the
b repercussion d contact
demographics of cities around the world, but it has also
had a significant (5) ............. on their appearance and
6 a a c bringing
economy. For example, during the late 19th century, Paris b increasing d that
was one of the world’s most developed cities. However,
instead of the city’s infrastructure growing stronger, it 7 a down c off
began breaking down due to (6) ............. growth. b away d apart
Between the 1850s and the 1870s, a project was initiated
which tore (7) ............. large slum areas, replacing them 8 a marks c seals
with public squares, large parks, and tree-lined boulevards, b signs d hallmarks
all of which are (8) ............. of Paris even today.
Nowadays, urban renewal (9) ............. on specific 9 a predicts c decides
b focuses d examines
declining areas, but with a more community-oriented
state of mind. In Oregon, for example, citizens are
10 a least c little
consulted throughout the urban renewal process by
b less d slight
participating in special committees.
While urban renewal has been criticized in the past for
bringing about (10) ............. affordable housing and
large-scale displacement, it has proven to be
a successful way to improve community life.
It has also benefited many cities by creating
community facilities, greenways, and
offering an extensive variety of housing
opportunities.

01069205519 12 wishig you all the best