What is disaster?

A Disaster is a situation in which the community is incapable of

coping. It is a natural or human-caused event which causes intense
negative impacts on people, goods, services and/or the
environment, exceeding the affected community’s capability to
respond
 What is disaster management?
➢Disaster management can be defined as the discipline and
profession of applying science, technology, planning and
management to deal with extreme events.

➢The emphasis of disaster management is prevention and loss

reduction

Disaster management activity is divided into the following phases

as
➢ Planning
➢ Mitigation
➢ Preparedness
➢ Response
➢ Recovery
 Remote sensing — the science of acquiring information about the Earth
using remote instruments, such as satellites — is inherently useful for
disaster management. Satellites offer accurate, frequent and almost
instantaneous data over large areas anywhere in the world. When a disaster
strikes, remote sensing is often the only way to view what is happening on
the ground.

1.Energy Source or Illumination (A) -

2.Radiation and the Atmosphere (B) -

3.Interaction with the Target (C) -

4.Recording of Energy by the Sensor (D) -

5. Transmission, Reception, and Processing (E)-

6. Interpretation and Analysis (F) -

7. Application (G) -
 ROLES THAT REMOTE SENSING AND GIS PLAY
IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT PHRRASES
➢ Planning
• GIS is useful in helping with forward planning.
• It provides the framework for planners and disaster managers to view spatial data by
way of computer based maps.
➢ Mitigation
•Representation of High risk areas
•Facilitates the implementation of necessary mechanism to lessen the impact.
➢ Preparedness
•Identification of emergency areas
•Positions of related departments, Agencies, and Human Resources
•Make it easier for security and shelters provides to plan the strategies
➢ Response
•Provide accurate information on exact location of an emergency situation
•Time saving during the determination of trouble areas (Quick Response)
•Used as floor guide for evacuation routes
 ➢ Recovery
Mapping level of damage
Information related to disrupted infrastructure, number of
persons died or injured and impact on Environment.
GIS and data gathering-
The data required for disaster management is coming from
different scientific disciplines, and should be integrated
Data integration is one of the strongest points of GIS. In general the
following types of data are required:
•Data on the disastrous phenomena (e.g. landslides, floods,
earthquakes), their location, frequency, magnitude etc.
•Data on the environment in which the disastrous events might take
place: topography, geology, geo-morphology, soils, hydrology, land
use, vegetation etc.
• Data on the elements that might be destroyed if the event takes
place: infrastructure, settlements , population, socio-economic data
 Role of remote sensing in CYCLONE-
MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS RESCUE RECOVERY SATELLITES USED:

Risk modelling; Early warning; Identifying escape Damage assessment; KALPANA-1;

vulnerability analysis. long-range climate routes; spatial planning. INSAT-3A; QuikScat
modelling crisis mapping; radar; Meteosat
impact assessment;
cyclone monitoring;
storm surge
predictions.

Fig: Movement of cyclone

 Through these pictures one can estimate the storm's position,
direction and speed, maximum wind speeds, areas likely to be
affected, and likely storm surges. The programme issues these to
government officials, river port authorities, the general public, coast
guard, non-governmental organisations and cyclone preparedness
. programmes across the world
 CASE STUDY ON PHALIN
CYCLONE-

➢ 7th oct,2013 ➢ 10th oct,2013

➢ 8th oct,2013
➢ 12th oct,2013
➢7th October, 2013: Indian Meteorological Department received
information from KALPANA I, OCEANSAT and INSAT 3A Doppler radars
deployed at vulnerable places, with over-lap, sensors in the sea and
through the ships, about a cyclone forming in the gulf between
Andaman Nicobar and Thailand named PHAILIN (Thai for “Sapphire”).
➢8th October, 2013: IMD confirmed cyclone formation and predicted it
as “severe cyclone” and its effects would be felt from Kalingapatnam
in Andhra Pradesh to Paradeep in Odisha, and that it would probably
first strikethe port of Gopalpur in Ganjam district at about 5 pm on 12
October. The wind speed could touch 200(km/h).
➢10th October, 2013: IMD prediction of a severe cyclone was
converted to a “very severe cyclonic storm” with wind speeds up to
220 kmph. the US Navy’s Joint Typhoon Warning Centre predicted it
would have wind speeds up to 315 km/h.
➢12th October, 2013: The “very severe” cyclonic storm had its landfall
at Gopalpur port at about 9 pm with a wind speed of 200 km/h.
MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE RECOVERY

Early Warning System; Relief Operations

Constant updates from
coordinated by
ISRO, IMD and USNJTWC Navy & Air Force;
etc.;
Disaster
Distribution of Satellite
Phones , VHF and Assessment;
HAMRADIO to DMs,
BDO’s, Sarpanch etc.; Logistics
Coordinated by
Mass Evacuation on the
basis of cyclone’s path Centrally Operated
Google Crisis Map; Google
over the state. Units;
People Finder;
ODRAF & NDRF Deployment;
Spatial planning;
GIS: Risk modelling;
vulnerability analysis;
Strengthening EWS;
Disaster Response
Infrastructures; Disaster Drills
 Role of GIS in floods
MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS RESCUE RECOVERY SATELLITES USED

Mapping flood-prone Flood detection; Flood mapping; Damage Tropical Rainfall

areas; early warning; evacuation assessment; Monitoring
delineating flood- rainfall mapping. planning; spatial planning. Mission;
plains; damage AMSR-E; KALPANA
land-use mapping. assessment. I;
Fig: Map showing Ganga and Yamuna river around the study area
 GIS-based maps for Disaster
Management

Various maps were generated for the analysis in the GIS platform
like-

• Flood-affected areas of Sadar sub-district

• Population density distribution in flood prone areas
•Villages having road connectivity ,hospital facility in flood
affected areas
• Route map for the disaster prone area
 and Yamuna river both

Fig: Map showing areas affected by flood by Ganga and Yamuna river
•If any government agency or any non-governmental organization
wants to provide any type of help to the affected people, they can
follow above generated map for having idea about the requirement.
•Village administrator can monitor all flood management operations
using GIS data base

Fig: Map showing road connectivity

•Previous shows the road network of villages that are more
vulnerable and are not been connected by main road as well as
metal road.
•The villages that are not having transport connectivity can be
identified.
•With the help of above information, one can
provide rescue first to those villages not connected through metal
road and after that provide transportation to metal road connected
villages.
 Role of GIS in Drought
DISASTER MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS RECOVERY RESCUE SATELLITES USED

DROUGHT Risk modelling; Weather Monitoring Informing FEWS NET;

vulnerability forecasting; vegetation; drought AVHRR;
analysis; vegetation damage mitigation. MODIS; SPOT
land and water monitoring; assessment.
management crop water
planning. requirement
mapping;
early warning.

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (is calculated from

the visible and near-infrared light reflected by vegetation .
Healthy vegetation absorbs most of the visible light that hits it,
and reflects a large portion of the near-infrared light.

Unhealthy or sparse vegetation reflects more visible light and

less near-infrared light.
 Calculations of NDVI for a given pixel always result in a number that
ranges from minus one (-1) to plus one (+1); however, no green leaves
gives a value close to zero. A zero means no vegetation and close to +1
(0.8 - 0.9) indicates the highest possible density of green leaves.

NDVI= (NIR+RED)/(NIR-RED)
where:

NIR= reflectance in near

infrared band

RED= reflectance in red band

Fig: Pictures showing difference between densely vegetation
area and drought areas
MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS RESCUE RECOVERY SATELLITES USED

Building stock Measuring strain Planning routes for Damage assessment; PALSAR;
assessment; accumulation. search and rescue; identifying sites for IKONOS 2;
hazard mapping. damage assessment; rehabilitation. InSAR; SPOT; IRS
evacuation planning;
deformation
mapping.
Picture showing predicted Tsunami wave amplitude

Picture showing collapsed building