Template For ENG STDS

WORLDWIDE
ENGINEERING Test Procedure GMW15634
STANDARDS

Determination of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

from Vehicle Interior Materials

1 Introduction
Note: Nothing in this standard supercedes applicable laws and regulations.
Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take
precedence.
1.1 Purpose. This test procedure is used for the qualitative and semi-quantitative determination of Volatile
Organic Compound (VOC) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC/FOG) emissions in vehicle Interior
Materials (IM) utilizing Thermal Desorption - Gas Chromatography/Mass Selective Detection (TD-GC/MSD). For
material approvals total VOC/SVOC, and restricted compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX)
and styrene) with a concentration ≥ 1 ppm must be measured using method A. Method B can be used to identify
compounds not on the restricted substances list if required for problem solving purposes.
1.1.1 Individual VOC and SVOC emissions in different vehicle interior materials can be identified, semi-
quantified, and compared.
1.1.2 “Total VOC” emissions are defined as compounds in the chromatographic elution range from the beginning
of the chromatogram to the end of n-eicosane (n-C20).
1.1.3 “Total SVOC” or “FOG” are emissions that condense on a vehicle surface, e.g., glass, plastic lens, etc., at
ambient temperature, and are defined as compounds in the chromatographic elution range from the beginning
of n-hexadecane (n-C16) to the end of n-dotriacontane (n-C32).
1.2 Applicability. All materials that can contribute to emissions in the vehicle interior cabin interior have to be
tested. Examples include emissions from textiles, carpets, adhesives, sealants, foams, plastic components,
films, leather, interior paints, and composite materials.
1.2.1 In relation to emissions, the relevant vehicle interior area comprises all areas that are linked to the
passenger compartment either directly or by air contact. Therefore, it includes the luggage compartment, the
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, etc.
1.2.2 The results of Methods A and B will provide additional information to interpret findings in GMW16853,
GMW3205, and GMW3235. The analytical instruments described in Appendix A, Table A1, can be used in
GMW15654 to determine the VOCs and SVOCs in vehicle cabin air.
1.2.3 Suppliers must submit the TD-GC/MSD analysis results together with a material sample.
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1.2.4 These test procedures complement Verband der Automobilindustrie (VDA) 278 and results may be
compared to the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) health standards.
1.3 Remarks. Determination of VOCs and SVOCs in vehicle interior air, is essential to meet customer
requirements and regulatory requirements in some global markets. Emissions from the vehicle interior materials
can be the source of the emissions in the vehicle interior air. Concentrations are in the parts per million (ppm)
range, which warrants accurate analytical measurements.

2 References
Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
ISO Guide 34 ISO/IEC 17025
2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.
GMW3205 GMW3235 GMW15654 GMW16853

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2.3 Additional References.

 CG5025 VIAQ Regulated Volatile
 Odor thresholds for chemicals with established occupational health standards, American Industrial Hygiene
Association.
 VDA 278 Thermal Desorption Analysis of Organic Emissions for the Characterization of Non-Metallic
Materials for Automobiles English Translation, Verband der Automobilindustrie. Uniform Resource Locator
(URL): http://www.vda.de/en/publikationen/publikationen_downloads/detail.php?id=1027

3 Resources for Methods A and B

3.1 Facilities. All tests per this standard shall be performed by a laboratory that conforms to ISO/IEC 17025 and
is accredited to these standards by a third-party body that is acceptable to General Motors. The supplier shall
submit documentation showing proof of accreditation.
3.1.1 Calibration. The test facilities and equipment shall be in good working order and shall have a valid
calibration label. The calibration is to be valid to ISO/IEC 17025.
3.1.2 Alternatives. Alternative test facilities and equipment may also be used. However, all measuring variables
as specified in this standard shall be determined correctly with respect to their physical definition.
3.2 Equipment. This test procedure utilizes commonly available sampling equipment and analytical
instrumentation. Specific instrumentation and test conditions are shown in Appendix A, Table A1.
3.2.1 Balance with a sensitivity of 0.01 mg.
3.2.2 Directly Coupled Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography System with trap focusing and split system.
(Gerstel uses Cryotrap and Markes uses Peltier trap.)
3.2.3 Gas Chromatograph (GC) with mass selective detector, software, and mass spectra library.
3.2.4 GC Capillary Column (with GC capillary guard column), low-bleed gas chromatograph mass spectrometer
(GC/MS) capillary column with stationary phase (5%-phenyl-methylpolysiloxane), e.g., Agilent Technologies
60 m × 0.32 mm × 0.50 μm or comparable.
3.2.5 Sample analysis tubes with deactivated glass surface or metal tubes.
3.2.5.1 Tenax TA (Glass) Thermal Desorption Tubes (TDT) compatible with the thermal desorption system being
used. See Appendix G, Figure G1.
3.2.5.2 Empty and Conditioned Glass Tubes/Metal tubes compatible with the thermal desorption system being
used. Empty glass tubes with end-packed deactivated quartz wool or with glass frits at one end of the tube can
be used. Cleaned tubes should be stored in a way that prevents contamination, such as by wrapping in aluminum
foil. These are designated as an Interior Material Thermal Desorption Tube (IM TDT). See Appendix G,
Figure G1.
3.2.6 Tube Spiking Adapter. A tube spiking adapter is used for spiking liquid standards into Tenax TA TDTs and
evaporating the solvent. See Appendix G, Figure G2 for details.
Note: Other apparatus can also be used.
3.2.7 Gases. Grade ≥ 5.0 helium (He) and a corresponding (optional) in-line purifier trap is used for the GC
carrier gas, the Tenax TA TDT. Nitrogen can be used as the conditioning purge gas and the tube spiking adapter
gas.
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3.2.8 Conditioned Tenax TA Glass Thermal Desorption Tubes. Tenax TA filled tubes will be cleaned thermally
with an apparatus designed for that purpose.
3.2.9 Syringes. Syringes of varying sizes are used as needed. Syringes are most accurate when used to
measure volumes closer to the middle of the total volume.
3.2.10 Solvents for standard dilutions.
3.2.10.1 Methanol (MeOH), HPLC grade, pesticide residue grade, or purge and trap grade.
3.2.10.2 Methylene chloride (CH2Cl2, MeCl2), HPLC or pesticide residue grade.
3.2.11 Initial Calibration Standards consisting of at least 5 concentration levels prepared from standard(s)
obtained from an ISO Guide 34 certified vendor. The stock standard will consist of at least the following
compounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, spiked onto a Tenax TA
tube. Standards may be made from liquid or gas based cylinder standards. The solvent for liquid standards

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should be one that is compatible with Tenax TA, such as methanol. A single point standard of toluene-d8 and
hexadecane-d34 is used to determine total VOCs and total SVOCs. See Appendix B for further guidance.
3.2.11.1 Check Standard containing, at least, a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene,
o-xylene and styrene purchased from a different, ISO Guide 34 certified vendor than the initial calibration
standard, spiked on a Tenax TA tube. The solvent for liquid standards should be one that is compatible with
Tenax TA, such as methanol. See Appendix B for further guidance.
3.2.11.2 Retention Time Standard: n-Alkane standard containing n-C5 (n-pentane) to n-C32 (n-dotriacontane)
of 28 individual n-alkane components, 2000 µg/mL each. This standard is used to establish the retention times
used to integrate the total VOC and total SVOCs. See Appendix B for further guidance.
3.2.11.3 Grob test mix, or another system evaluation standard, for testing the GC column performance.
3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece. This test procedure is used to test vehicle interior materials that are contributing
emissions. Test pieces should be obtained from suppliers as soon as possible after production. Unless otherwise
specified in GMW16853, no pre or post treatment of the test samples beside the production process and the test
sample preparation, e.g., drying, if necessary, is allowed. Manufacturing date and sampling date should be
documented. Care should be taken to prevent material out-gassing before analysis, i.e., package, refrigerate.
See GMW16853 for test sample preparation.
3.3.1 Materials. For the analysis, a representative sample of the material is taken. For larger parts, smaller
samples are cut into an approximate sample size of 25 cm × 20 cm. The sample should not be touched with
bare fingers. The cutting has to be done with an oil-free tool (rinse and/or wipe cutting area of tool with a non-
polar solvents such as hexane). For packing requirements see GMW16853, Packaging of Test Pieces.
Note: Samples without identification labels will not be analyzed until clarification is received.
3.3.2 Parts/Samples. The delivered parts/samples shall be unpacked and then stored for at least 168 h under
ambient conditions that are considered reasonable for a workplace and away from sources of contamination,
heat, sunshine and other conditions that may be destructive to the sample. If a sample has not been directly
packed after production, this pre-storage time has to be subtracted from the preceding time. After storage the
test samples can be prepared. See GMW16853.
3.4 Test Time.
Calendar time: 1d
Test time: 8h
Coordination time: 4h
3.5 Test Required Information. For test required information see GMW16853.
3.6 Personnel/Skills. Proper training is required to operate the instrumentation in this procedure. A professional
degree in chemistry, chemical engineering, health science or equivalent, and familiarity with the operation of the
instrumentation is required. Personnel without this background shall be trained carefully on the instrumentation
before using it.
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4 Procedure
4.1 Preparation.
4.1.1 Sample and Standard Tube Preparation Procedure for Methods A and B.
4.1.1.1 Conditioning Tenax TA Tubes. Tenax TA filled tubes will be cleaned thermally with an apparatus
designed for that purpose, e.g., a Dynatherm Model 9600 six-tube conditioner or equivalent. Set the helium
purge gas flow rate to 30 mL/minute to 40 mL/minute for each port. Conditioning consists of heating Tenax TA
Glass Thermal Desorption Tubes (GTDT) at approximately 320 °C continuously for at least 3 h. Tenax TA TDTs
must be conditioned before use and analyzed before use. All analytes must be less than the detection limit on
each tube for the conditioning to be considered successful.
4.1.1.2 Conditioning Empty Glass Tubes. Use an appropriate detergent that will clean the sample out of the
empty glass tubes. After cleaning with the detergent, like Alconox or soap, the tubes are rinsed with distilled
water and then heated at approximately105 °C until dry. After the cleaning, thermally and/or with detergent, the
tubes should be packed airtight in aluminum foil or in special Teflon tubes to prevent contamination. The tubes
should then be stored in an area free from possible contaminants, such as freezer or fridge.

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4.1.1.3 Spiking Tenax TA Tubes with Liquid Standards. A liquid spiking apparatus designed to spike the type
of Tenax TA tubes used for analysis should be used. This apparatus is generally connected to the tube
conditioner and allows the liquid to be swept across the Tenax TA, where the analytes are absorbed onto the
Tenax TA in a way similar to the samples. See Appendix G, Figure G2 for details.
Note: Other apparatus can also be used.
4.1.2 Sample Preparation Procedure for Methods A and B.
4.1.2.1 Preparation.
4.1.2.1.1 IM TDT. For each material sample, two (2) tubes are loaded with the weighed amount specified for the
material. See Appendix C, Table C1.
4.1.2.1.1.1 Tube A. First VOC analysis run.
4.1.2.1.1.2 Tube B. Second analysis run for VOC, followed by SVOC/FOG analysis run.
4.1.2.1.2 In order to insert a sample as large as possible, maximum use should first be made of the width of the
sample tube when cutting the sample to size. The maximum sample width is generally 3 mm. The dimensions
of the cut sample should be documented in the report.
4.1.2.1.2.1 Some suggested interior material masses are given in Appendix C, Table C1. The required accuracy
for weighing is ± 0.01 mg.
4.1.2.1.2.2 A photograph shall be taken from the sampling point as well as from the packed glass tubes, if
requested.
4.1.2.1.3 Thick Samples. For samples with a height of more than 3 mm, or multi-layered samples, cores of
3 mm diameter are stamped out. These cores are cut into halves. For analysis, two (2) different halves are
weighed into one (1) tube.
4.1.2.1.4 Multi-Layer Sandwich Samples. With relatively thick individual layers, i.e., more than 0.5 cm, the
material in each layer should be analyzed separately. This helps to allocate the emitted substances accordingly,
and to target problem materials.
4.1.2.1.5 Paint Films. Two (2) samples, 30 mm × 3 mm, are weighed into a glass tube. The weight of the
aluminum foil must be subtracted. Cut 2 pieces of 30 mm x 3 mm aluminum foil and record the weight. Apply the
paint to the foil and allow to dry completely. Reweigh the foil + paint and subtract the weight of the foil to get the
weight of the paint.
4.1.2.1.6 Samples with a High-Water Content. In order to produce accurate test results, reduce the weight of
high-water content samples. For example, leather could lead to a freezing of the cold trap. This leads to lower
values or the run is aborted. To prevent this, reduce the weight of these samples to 10 mg ± 2 mg.
4.1.3 Standard Preparation for Method A.
4.1.3.1. Initial Calibration. A curve consisting of at least 5 points should be analyzed for benzene, toluene,

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ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, p-xylene and styrene is used to determine Table 1 (see CG5025) compounds.
A single point standard of toluene-d8 and hexadecane-d34 is used to determine total VOCs and total SVOCs.
4.1.3.2 Initial Calibration Preparation. The lowest concentration level should be at the reporting limit of each
compound. The highest concentration level should be the highest level at which linearity can be maintained. An
example initial calibration from a 2000 µg/mL liquid standards and using a 1 µL syringe is shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Example Initial Calibration Levels

ng on tube 10 100 500 1000 1500
Benzene 10 100 500 1000 1500
Ethylbenzene 10 100 500 1000 1500
m-Xylene 10 100 500 1000 1500
p-Xylene 10 100 500 1000 1500
o-Xylene 10 100 500 1000 1500
Styrene 10 100 500 1000 1500

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Toluene 10 100 500 1000 1500

Toluene-d8 -- -- -- 1000 --
Hexadecane-d34 -- -- -- 1000 --

The initial calibration must have an r2 ≥ 0.995 if using a linear calibration or a %RSD ≤ 20% using
response/calibration factors to be considered valid. See Appendix B for additional guidance on calibrations.
4.1.3.3 Calibration Check Standard Preparation. The concentration of the check standard can vary but should
be between the lowest concentration and mid-point concentration of the calibration curve constructed in 4.1.3.1.
A check standard above the mid-point concentration should not be used because it does a poor job checking
the lower concentration area of the curve, which is where most compounds will be detected and where the curve
has the greatest instability. Checking the curve at a lower concentration results in the best chance of producing
the most accurate data. In the example in 4.1.3.1, a mid-point calibration check standard of 1000 ng can be
made by placing 0.5 µL of a 2000 µg/mL liquid solution onto the tube spiking adapter. Each analyte must be
≤ 20% RSD compared against the initial calibration before samples can be analyzed. A calibration check
standard shall be analyzed at the beginning of the analytical sequence and every 24 h after.
4.1.3.4 System Check Standard. A Grob mixture or equivalent is used to evaluate the condition of the analytical
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system, following standard evaluation criteria.

4.1.3.5 Retention Time Standard. 2000 ng of the standard on a Tenax TA tube is analyzed and used to define
the retention times for total VOCs and total SVOCs.
4.1.3.6 Method Blanks. A conditioned Tenax TA tube shall be analyzed at the beginning of the analytical
sequence and every 24 h after. The analysis must show that all target analytes are below the detection limits
before samples can be analyzed.
4.1.3.7 Analytical Procedure. The following must be performed and pass the appropriate criteria:
4.1.3.7.1 Prior to the analysis of interior material samples, a calibration of detection limits shown in the following
must be reached at a Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio of 3:1:
 Toluene < 0.01 µg.
 n-Hexadecane (n-C16) < 0.05 µg.
 n-Eicosane (n-C20) < 0.06 µg at VOC conditions.
 n-Dotriacontane (n-C32) < 0.2 µg at SVOC conditions.
4.1.3.7.2 Tune and/or tune evaluation.
4.1.3.7.3 Air/water check.
4.1.3.7.4 Grob or other system evaluation check (initially and after major system changes; e.g., a new column).
4.1.3.7.5 Initial calibration, initially and when the Calibration Check Standard fails.
4.1.3.7.6 Calibration Check Standard.
4.1.3.7.7 Retention Time Standard (initially and after major system changes; e.g., a new column).
4.1.3.7.8 Method Blank.
4.2 Conditions.
4.2.1 Environmental Conditions. Not applicable.
4.2.2 Test Conditions. Deviations from the requirements of this standard shall have been agreed upon. Such
requirements shall be specified on component drawings, test certificates, reports, etc.
4.3 Instructions.
4.3.1 Sample and Data Analysis Procedure – Method A.
Note: The instrument conditions for the VOC and SVOC/FOG analysis are given in Table D1 thru Table D4 of
Appendix D. Note that gas standards can also be used.
4.3.1.1 The IM TDT is analyzed using two (2) initial thermal desorption stages. In the first thermal desorption
stage, an IM TDT is heated to 90 °C (± 4 °C per manufacturer) for 30 minutes. The evolved VOC emissions are
trapped on a silanized glass wool liner at approximately ˂ -150 °C. The tube is removed after the first thermal
desorption stage is complete. The trapped VOC emissions are then thermally desorbed off the silanized wool at
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280 °C (± 4 °C per manufacturer) into the TD-GC/MSD system for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis.
This VOC value is measured from Tube A and Tube B.
4.3.1.2 The second thermal desorption stage is performed immediately after VOC analysis of the second tube
is complete. The same IM TDT is heated to 120 °C (± 4 °C per manufacturer) for 60 minutes. The evolved
SVOC/FOG emissions are trapped on a silanized glass wool liner at ˂ -150 °C. The IM TDT remains in place
until the entire SVOC analysis is complete. The trapped SVOC/FOG emissions are then thermally desorbed off
the silanized wool at 280 °C (± 4 °C per manufacturer) into the TD-GC/MSD system for qualitative and semi-
quantitative analysis. The SVOC/FOG value is measured only from Tube B.
4.3.1.3 Individual Amounts of VOCs and SVOCs.
4.3.1.3.1 Each analyte (BTEX and styrene) with a concentration ≥ 1 ppm must be identified and its concentration
has to be calculated.
4.3.1.3.2 The individual VOCs and SVOCs are quantified by comparing the SCAN quantitative ion peak area
amounts to those of known standard solutions (initial calibration).
4.3.1.3.3 Total Amount of VOCs. To determine the total amount of VOCs, all area from the beginning of the
chromatogram to the retention time corresponding to the end of a C-20 (n-eisocane) peak is integrated and
compared against the area of the toluene-d8 standard (toluene-d8 equivalent). The calculations can be found in
Appendix F.
4.3.1.3.4 Total Amount of SVOCs. To determine the total amount of SVOCs, all area from the retention time
corresponding to the beginning of the C-16 (n-hexadecane) peak to the retention time corresponding to the end
of the C-32 (n-dotriacontane) peak is integrated and compared against the area of the n-hexadecane-d34
standard (n-hexadecane-d34 equivalent). The calculations can be found in Appendix F.
4.3.1.3.5 If there is an “oil-mountain” at the termination of the defined total VOC/SVOC areas, a line should be
drawn from the curve to the baseline.
4.3.1.3.6 If the VOC results deviate by more than 20% relative to the mean value, a repeat analysis, including a
SVOC run, must be performed. Both VOC values must be stated in the test report, but the analysis with the
higher value is used for evaluation.
4.3.2 Sample and Data Analysis Procedure – Method B.
Note: The instrument conditions for the VOC and SVOC/FOG analysis are given in Table D1 thru Table D4 of
Appendix D. Note that gas standards can also be an option for calibration.
4.3.2.1 The data produced from the SVOC analysis and second VOC analysis (see 4.3.1.1 and 4.3.1.2) can be
used to perform a library search, when requested.
4.3.2.2 All library search compounds are reported. Compounds with a mass spectral quality match > 80% should
be reported as the top match. Compounds with a mass spectral quality match < 80% should be reported as
tentatively identified compounds. If a compound cannot be definitely identified, see Appendix E for guidance on
reporting.
4.3.2.3 A semi-quantitative determination of the emissions expressed as mass parts per million can be obtained
by calibration with reference substances. Toluene-d8 is used as a reference substance for VOC and n-
hexadecane-d34 as reference substance for the SVOC/FOG value. Unknown substances can be identified from
the mass spectra and the retention time.

5 Data
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5.1 Calculations.
5.1.1 Calculated Result Disclaimer. The calculated semi-quantitative results obtained are from individual
organic compounds thermally stripped and detected under these particular methods and corresponding sampling
conditions. This semi-quantitative method should not be compared to other semi-quantitative or quantitative
methods.
5.2 Interpretation of Results. VOCs and SVOCs listed as restricted and reportable substances should meet
the requirements specified under GMW16853, CG5025.
5.3 Test Documentation. The results are displayed in a report. See Appendix G, Data Sheet G1, for details. In
addition, the chromatograms for the VOC/SVOC determination and BTEX and styrene list must be attached to
the results report. The VOC/SVOC/Carbonyl Emissions Results Report in CG5025 must be completed showing
that the requirements have been met.

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5.3.1 Microsoft Excel files containing the detailed results of the VOC/SVOC analysis and the chromatogram of
the appropriate sample.
5.3.2 Information on the TD-GC/MSD equipment used for the measurement.
5.3.3 The photograph of the sampling (see 4.1.2.1.2.2) shall be included in the test report.
5.3.4 Information about sample size and weight within the vehicle shall be included in the test report.

6 Safety
This Engineering Standard may involve safety requirements for hazardous materials, the method of operations
and equipment. This standard does not propose to address all the safety issues associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to ensure compliance with all appropriate safety and health practices.
This would include any specific training that may be required. The safety and health standards include site
specific rules and procedures, company rules and procedures, and Government Standards. Contact shall be
made with the appropriate site Safety and Health personnel for further direction and guidance in these matters.

7 Notes
7.1 Glossary.
FOG: The thin coating that forms on the inside of a vehicle surface, e.g., glass, plastic lens, etc., at ambient
temperature that can distort or reduce visibility. It is caused by the condensation of SVOC emissions, e.g.,
plasticizers, stabilizers, oils, greases, blowing agents, release agents, adhesives, etc., from trim materials.
7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.
% Percent
AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association
AMU Unified Atomic Mass Unit
BTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene
CIS Cooled Injection System
FOG Same as SVOC
GC Gas Chromatograph
GC/MS Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer
GSSLT Global Subsystem Leadership Team
GTDT Glass Thermal Desorption Tube
He Helium
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
ID Identification
IM Interior Materials
Info. Information
MSD Mass Selective Detection
n-C14 n-Tetradecane
n-C16 n-Hexadecane
n-C20 n-Eicosane
n-C25 n-pentacosane/n-pentacontane
n-C32 n-Dotriacontane
n-C5 n-Pentane
No. Number
ppm Parts per Million
RH Relative Humidity
RT Retention Time
S/N Signal-to-Noise

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SCAN Scan over specified mass range

SLH Septumless Head
STBY Standby
STD Standard
SVOC Semi-Volatile Organic Compound
TD Thermal Desorption
TD-GC Thermal Desorption - Gas Chromatography
TDS Thermal Desorption System
TDT Thermal Desorption Tube
TIC Total Ion Chromatogram
URL Uniform Resource Locator
VDA Verband der Automobilindustrie
VIAQ Vehicle Interior Air Quality
VOC Volatile Organic Compound

8 Coding System
This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows:
Test to GMW15634
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9 Release and Revisions

This standard was originated in July 2007. It was first approved by the GM Global VIAQ Team in December
2007. It was first published in January 2008.
Issue Publication Date Description (Organization)
1 JAN 2008 Initial publication.
2 OCT 2009 Revised 1.1, 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 3.2.1, Note in 3.3.1, 3.5.1, 4.1 (Tube B), 4.1.1, 4.1.3,
4.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2, deleted 4.3.1.1.1; revised 4.3.2, 4.3.3; deleted 5.3.3. Revised
Appendix C, Tables D1 thru D12, Deleted Figure G5, added AIHA and S/N to
acronym section. (Materials)
3 NOV 2014 Updated to current template. (Materials - Interior Air Quality/Volatile Organic
Compounds Global Subsystem Leadership Team)
4 FEB 2020 Reformatted to Test Procedure Template and several technical changes for 5
year refresh. Added CG5025. (Materials – VIAQ Global Subsystem Leadership
Team (GSSLT))
5 JUL 2020 Some technical changes made to 1.1, 4.1.3.2, 4.3.1.1, 4.3.1.2, and 4.3.1.3.1.
B1.6 removed. (Materials - Vehicle Chemical Regulatory Compliance)

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Appendix A

Table A1: Instruments Usable for the Described Measurements

Instrument Part Example Combination 1 Example Combination 2 Example Combination 3
Thermal Gerstel TDS2 Gerstel TDS3 Markes TD100/Unity 2
Desorption System
Gas Agilent 6890N with Agilent 6890N with Agilent 6890N with
Chromatograph ChemStation Software ChemStation Software ChemStation Software
Temperature Gerstel Cooled Injection Gerstel CIS 4 Including a General Purpose Hydrophobic
Programmable System (CIS) 4 including a Deactivated Quartz Wool Liner Trap, Quartz focusing trap
Cryotrap with Split Deactivated Quartz Wool (007519-010-00) filled with deactivated quartz
Liner (007519-010-00) wool, Tenax TA and
Carbograph 1 TD
Mass Selective 5973N Agilent Mass Selective 5975N Agilent Mass Selective 5975N Agilent Mass Selective
Detector and Detector with NIST and Wiley Detector with NIST 05 Mass Detector with NIST and Wiley
Spectra Library Mass Spectra Libraries Spectra Library Mass Spectra Libraries
GC Column with Agilent approximately HP Ultra 2: HP Ultra 2:
Stationary Phase 15 cm × 0.32 mm capillary 50 m × 0.32 mm × 0.52 µm 50 m × 0.32 mm × 0.52 µm
(5% phenyl-Methyl- Guard Column (160-2325-1),
polysiloxane) Glass Union (705 0825),
Polyamide Sealing Resin
500 to 1200 connected to the
beginning of the preferred
capillary column, Agilent
60 m× 0.32 mm × 0.50 µm
DB-5MS Capillary Column
(123-5566)
Desorber Tubes Gerstel Configuration for the Gerstel Configuration for the Desorption tubes, Restriction
with an Internal Gerstel System (Supelco Gerstel System (Supelco at 15 mm, Outer: 6.35 mm
Diameter 28287-U) or with Frits 28287-U) or with Frits for (¼ in); Inner: 4 mm
4 mm to 5 mm with (Supelco 28286-U) Gerstel TDS-System (Supelco
Deactivated Glass 28286-U)
Surface
Desorber Tubes Gerstel Configuration for the Gerstel Configuration for the Desorption tubes, Restriction
Internal Diameter Gerstel System (Supelco Gerstel System (Supelco at 15 mm, Outer: 6.35 mm
4 mm to 5 mm with 28281-U) 28281-U) (¼ inch); Inner 4 mm filled
Deactivated Glass with Tenax TA or comparable
Surface Filled with
Tenax TA
Apparatus for Gerstel Septumless Head Gerstel Septumless Head Dynatherm Model 9600 Six-
spiking the Tenax (SLH) Adapter (008871-004- (SLH) Adapter (008871-004- Tube Conditioner
TA GTDT 00) with a Helium (He) Flow 00) with a He Flow Meter
Meter connected upstream connected upstream
and Gas Meter connected
downstream
Apparatus for Dynatherm Model 9600 Six- Agilent: 10 µL syringe (5181-
Conditioning the Tube Conditioner 1267), 5 µL syringe (5181-
Tubes 1273) and 1 µL syringe
(5188-5247)
Syringes Agilent: 10 µL Syringe (5181- Gerstel: 10 µL Syringe
1267), 5 µL Syringe (5181- (009996-059-00)
1273) and 1 µL Syringe
(5188-5247)
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Appendix B

B1 Standards Guidance
B1.1 All commercially prepared standards must be purchased from an ISO Guide 34 certified vendor. If
standards are prepared in-laboratory from neat stock material, the material need only be purchased from a
vendor with a certified purity analysis of ≥ 99.5%.
B1.2 Standards can be gaseous or liquid based. If gaseous standards are used, an appropriate system, that
includes an accurate transfer capability (such as a mass flow control) should be used to transfer the standard to
the Tenax TA tube.
B1.3 Commercially available Retention Time standard liquid solutions tend to be prepared in methylene chloride,
which reacts destructively with Tenax TA. It is recommended that one Tenax TA tube be designated to prepare
this standard, if it is made as methylene chloride solution, and be kept out of circulation to prevent it being used
for any samples.
B1.4 System evaluation standards, such as the Grob mixture, should be used to evaluate the system after major
changes. These standards evaluate factors such as tailing, fronting, reactivity and sensitivity.
B1.5 Any concentration for any compound reported above the highest concentration standard or below the
lowest concentration standard in the initial calibration must be flagged as estimated.
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Appendix C: Interior Material Sample Weights

Unless otherwise specified, weigh out 30 mg ± 5 mg solid sample that has been cut to fit the internal diameter
of an IM TDT. The interior materials cuts should maximize the surface area exposed to thermal heating.
Appendix C, Table C1 outlines suggested mass of different interior materials.

Table C1: Interior Material Sample Weights Note 1

Material Weight Comments
Pack loosely, take sample from the surface, because of
Foam 15 mg ± 2 mg
the influence of the release agent
Composite Fiber 60 mg ± 20 mg Thick plates must be divided
Film Type 30 mg ± 5 mg Single strips
Leather 10 mg ± 2 mg --
Film 50 µm ± 5 µm
Paints For preparation see GMW16853
(strips 30 mm × 3 mm)
Adhesives 30 mg ± 5 mg Film in application size on aluminum foil
Note 1: If there are problems with high water content, lower the sample weight.

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Appendix D

D1 Instruments and Conditions

D1.1 Thermal Desorption System (TDS) Instrument Conditions for VOC/SVOC Standards. Set up the
Gerstel TDS2/3 instrument with the conditions shown in Tables D1 thru D4. For Markes Thermodesorption
System conditions, see Tables D10 thru D12. For other instruments, the parameters are adapted.

Table D1: TDS Instrument Conditions Standards on Tenax TA Traps (same for VOCs and SVOCs)
Mode: Standard (STD) or Standby (STBY) Cool Initial Temperature: 20 °C
Initial Time: 0 minutes
Desorption Mode: Splitless

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Delay Time: 1.0 minute
Purge Time: 0 minutes 1st Rate: 60 °C/minute
Standby Temperature: 20 °C 1st Final Temperature: 280 °C
Transfer Temperature: 280 °C 1st Final Time: 5 minutes
Valve Temperature: 20 °C 2nd Rate: 0 °C/minutes
Purge Time: 0 minutes 2nd Final Temperature: 0 °C
Calibration Run: 0 2nd Final Time: 0 minutes

D1.2 TDS Instrument Conditions for VOCs in Interior Material Samples. Set up the Gerstel TDS2/3
instrument with the conditions shown in Table D2. For other instruments, the parameters are adapted but the
temperature program itself must be followed, as it is part of what defines “total VOCs.”

Table D2: TDS Instrument Conditions for VOCs in Interior Material Samples (see Table D3 for SVOCs)
Mode: Sample Remove Initial Temperature: 20 °C
Initial Time: 0 minutes
Desorption Mode: Splitless
Delay Time: 1.0 minute
Purge Time: 0 minutes 1st Rate: 60 °C/minute
Standby Temperature: 20 °C 1st Final Temperature: 90 °C
Transfer Temperature: 280 °C 1st Final Time: 30 minutes
Valve Temperature: 20 °C 2nd Rate: 0 °C/minute
Purge Time: 0 minutes 2nd Final Temperature: 0 °C
Calibration Run: 0 2nd Final Time: 0 minutes

D1.3 TDS Instrument Conditions for SVOCs in Interior Material Samples. Set up the Gerstel TDS2
instrument with the conditions shown in Table D3. For other instruments, the parameters are adapted but the
temperature program itself must be followed, as it is part of what defines “total SVOCs.”

Table D3: TDS Instrument Conditions for SVOCs in Interior Material Samples (see Table D2 for VOCs)
Mode: Sample Remove Initial Temperature:20 °C
Initial Time: 0 minutes
Desorption Mode: Splitless
Delay Time: 1 minute
Purge Time: 0 minutes 1st Rate: 60 °C/minute
Standby Temperature: 20 °C 1st Final Temperature: 120 °C
Transfer Temperature: 300 °C 1st Final Time: 60 minutes
Valve Temperature: 20 °C 2nd Rate: 0 °C/minute
Purge Time: 0 minutes 2nd Final Temperature: 0 °C
Calibration Run: 0 2nd Final Time: 0 minutes

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D1.4 Cooled Injection System (CIS) Instrument Conditions. Set up the Gerstel CIS 4 instrument with the
conditions shown in Table D4. For other instruments, the parameters are adapted but the temperature program
itself must be followed, as it is part of what defines “total VOCs” and “total SVOCs.”

Table D4: CIS Instrument Conditions (same for VOCs and SVOCs)
Run Time: 60 minutes Cryogenic Cooling: On
Split Mode: Solvent Vent Splitless Time: 0 minutes
Initial Temperature: -150 °C Purge Time: 0 minutes
Initial Time: 0.1 minute Equilibrium Time: 0.5 minute
1st Rate: 12 °C/s 2nd Rate: 0 °C/s
1st Final Temperature: 280 °C 2nd Final Temperature: 0 °C
1st Final Time: 10 minutes 2nd Final Time: 0 minute

D1.5 Gas Chromatograph Inlet Conditions for Standards and Material Samples. Set up the 6890N GC inlet
for a desired capillary column with the conditions shown in Table D5 thru Table D8. For other instruments, the
parameters are adapted.

Table D5: GC Inlet Conditions (same for VOCs and SVOCs)

Inlet Mode: Solvent Vent Constant Flow: 1.3 mL/minute
Vent Flow: 80 mL/minute Vent Time: 0 minutes
Purge Flow: Split Vent Time: 0.01 minute
Gas Saver: On
Saver Time: 3 minutes Outlet: Mass Selective Detection (MSD)
Outlet Pressure: Vacuum

Table D6: Alternate Split Ratio Table (same for VOCs and SVOCs)
Purge Flow to
Split Ratio Split Vent (mL/minute) Total Flow (mL/minute)
30:1 Note 1 38.7 Note 1 42.9 Note 1
40:1 51.6 55.8
50:1 64.6 68.7
60:1 77.5 81.6
80:1 103 107
100:1 129 133
Note 1: Preferred

Table D7: Desired Columns (same for VOCs and SVOCs)

Desired Capillary Column: 50 m x 0.32 mm x 0.52 µm
Pressure: 33.4 kPa (4.84 psi) Average Velocity: 31.8 cm/s
Vent Pressure: 33.4 kPa (4.84 psi) GC Oven Start: 40 °C

Desired Capillary Column: 60 m x 0.32 mm x 0.5 µm

Pressure: 46.2 kPa (6.70 psi) Average Velocity: 29.0 cm/s
Vent Pressure: 46.2 kPa (6.70 psi) GC Oven Start: 40 °C
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D1.6 Gas Chromatograph Oven Conditions for VOCs and SVOCs for all Standards and Interior Material
Samples. Set up the oven with the conditions shown in Table D8. For other instruments, the parameters are
adapted.

Table D8: GC Oven Conditions (same for VOCs and SVOCs)

Initial Temperature: 40 °C Maximum Temperature: 325 °C
Initial Time: 2 minutes Equilibrium Time: 0.2 minute
Rate 1: 3 °C/minute Final: 92 °C for 0 minutes
Rate 2: 5 °C/minute Final: 160 °C for 0 minutes
Rate 3: 10 °C/minute Final: 310 °C for 15.0 minutes
Post Temperature: 0 °C Cryogenic: Off
Post Time: 0 minutes Quick Cryogenic Cool: Off
Run Time: 63 minutes Ambient Temperature: 25 °C

D1.7 MSD Conditions for VOCs and SVOCs in Standards and Interior Material Samples. Set up the 5973N
MSD with the conditions shown in Table D9. For other instruments, the parameters are adapted.

Table D9: MSD Conditions (same for VOCs and SVOCs)

Tune: Standard spectra auto tune Scan Rate: 3.1 scans/s
Data Delay: none Threshold: 50
Scan Mode: 35 Unified Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) to
Source: 230 °C
550 AMU
Transfer line: 280 °C
Quadruple: 150 °C

Table D10: Parameters for Equipment of Supplier Markes, VOC analysis

Thermal desorption unit
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Tube desorption temperature: 90 °C Trap flow: 42 mL/minute

Tube desorption time: 30 minutes Split flow (inlet/outlet): 42 mL/minute
Flow path temperature: 200 °C Note 1

Parameters for cold trap

Cold trap low temperature: -30 °C Cold trap hold time: 3 minutes
Cold trap high temperature: 300 °C Trap heat rate: > 60 K/s
Note 1: Transfer line and valve.

Table D11: Parameters for Equipment of Supplier Markes, SVOC Analysis

Thermal desorption unit
Tube desorption temperature: 120 °C Trap flow: 42 mL/minute
Tube desorption time: 60 minutes Split flow (inlet/outlet): 42 mL/minute
Flow path temperature: 200 °C Note 1

Parameters for cold trap

Cold trap low temperature: -30 °C Cold trap hold time: 5 minutes
Cold trap high temperature: 300 °C Trap heat rate: > 60 K/s
Note 1: Transfer line and valve.

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Table D12: Parameters for Equipment of Supplier Markes, Calibration and Control Solution Unit Note 1
Thermal desorption unit
Tube desorption temperature: 300 °C Trap flow: 42 mL/minute
Tube desorption time: 10 minutes Split flow (inlet/outlet): 42 mL/minute
Flow path temperature: 200 °C Note 2

Parameters for cold trap

Cold trap low temperature: -30 °C Cold trap hold time: 10 minutes
Cold trap high temperature: 300 °C Trap heat rate: > 60 K/s
Note 1: For the GC conditions see Table D5 thru Table D8.
Note 2: Transfer line and valve.

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Appendix E
Compounds with a quality match < 80% are reported as tentatively identified compounds. An experienced
analyst should evaluate the mass spectral matches for these compounds to determine the reliability level of the
match. Table E1 gives guidance on how tentatively identified compounds should be classified and reported,
based on the reliability of the mass spectral match.

Table E1: Description of the Substance Classification

Example for Notation Comment
Toluene, methylbenzene Mass spectra and retention time of referencing substance
correspond (reliable identification).
? 1,1-bis(p-toloyl)ethane 210 195 179 104 Prefixed question mark, no reliable identification by mass
spectra and retention time, but the given substance seems to be
the correct one. Noticeable mass fragments are given.
? alcohol, 31 57 85 Prefixed question mark + substance class, typical mass
fragments, or known mass fragment pattern give a hint to
substance class.
? 54 76 99 109 No conclusions on possible substance.
Isomeric paraffinic fraction, boiling range For oil-mountains the substance class and circa boiling range
ʺn-C16 to n-C26ʺ (according to n-alkanes) should be indicated. As retention time
applies the retention time of the oil-mountain maximum.
Cyclohexanone +? An identified peak is overlaid by one or more substances.
Artifact Peak which is not originated in the sample or is built in the system.

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Appendix F

Calculation of the concentration in µg/g (ppm) toluene-d8 and hexadecane-d34 equivalents:

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑆) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑃)

𝑬𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑆) 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 (𝑃)

Where:
Mass (S): Injected mass of the individual standard in µg (toluene-d8 for VOCs, hexadecane-d34 for SVOCs)
Area (S): Peak area in SCAN mode for the individual standard (counts)
Area (P): Peak area in SCAN mode for the individual analyte or the total peak area for the calculation of the
total amount
Weight (P): Weight of the sample in grams

The results for the total amount and the individual amount are given as toluene-d8 equivalents for the VOCs and
hexadecane-d34 equivalents for the SVOCs.
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Appendix G

Data Sheet G1: Example of Test Result Form for VOCs and SVOC Note 1, Note 2, Note 3, Note 4

Thermodesorptionanalyis VOC/SVOC

Test Lab:
File : Instrum ent-ID:
Data Path Sample ID:
Operator: Delivery date:
Date Sample Taken:
Methode: Date of Prodution:
Sample:
Info/Dimension:

Highest Value: µg/g

Second Value µg/g

Retention Time Substanzname CAS-No. Area(%) ppm Assesment

Sum of the identified substances

Comments:

Note 1: % Percent
ID Identification
Info. Information
No. Number
Note 2: For SVOC/FOG only on sum value is determined.
Note 3: The test result form shall include the following information:
a. Name of the sample
b. Drawing number
c. Supplier
d. Date of production/sampling date
e. Weight of the sample analyzed
f. Dimensions of the sample analyzed
g. Dimension of the whole part in the interior
h. Chromatogram number
i. Date of analysis
j. Analysis method

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k. Total VOC and total SVOC/FOG amount
l. List of identified analytes and amount
m. The photograph of the taken samples
Note 4: Tab VOC/SVOC/Carbonyl Emissions Results Report in CG 5025 must be completed to show that requirements have been met.

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Figure G1: Side Profiles of a Tenax TA Glass Thermal Desorption Tube and an Interior Materials Glass
Thermal Desorption Tube, Respectively (Not to Actual Scale)

Syringe
Standard Injection

He Flow
SLH Adapter (1/2)

Glass Frit

Flow Regulator
60 mm

Tenax TA

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He Flow
Glass Wool

SS Screen
He Flow

Gas Meter

SLH Adapter (2/2)

He Flow

Figure G2: Side Profile of a Gerstel Tube Spiking Septumless Head Adapter, with a Helium Flow Meter
Connected Upstream, and a Gas Meter Connected Downstream (Not to Actual Scale)

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