RENZ FHILIP C.
GAHUM STEM 11-B
MRS.FLORENDA QUIJANO FELICIO
LEARNING ACTIVITES:
A.WRITTEN TASK
1. Why study biology?
Studying biology can help us to solve societal problems.it helps us also to know the
living organisms and its environment besides that it helps us to think critically,make informed
choices and solve pronblems.As a result we will become more familiar with the process of
science.
2. What are the traditional and modern branches of biology? Give a short description of each branch.
TRADITIONAL BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
TAXONOMY Study of naming and classifying organisms
CYTOLOGY Study of structures and functions of cells
EMBRYOLOGY Study of formation and developmeny of
organisms
ANATOMY Study of structures and parts of organisms
PHYSIOLOGY Study of functions of living organisms and
their parts
BIOCHEMISTRY Study of biochemical compositions and
processes of living things
GENETICS Study of heredity and variation
EVOLUTION Study of origin and differentiation of various
organisms
ECOLOGY Study of relationships of organisms with each
other and their environment
MODERN BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
BIOINFORMATICS Study of bioloigical data using computer
programs
GENOMATICS Study of the entire genetic material of an
organism
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Study of molecules that make up the cells of
living organisms
PHARMACOGENOMICS Study of how genes affect a persons response
to drugs
PROTEOMICS Study of different proteins in an organisms
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY Study of artificial biological systems
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY Study of computational and mathematical
modeling of biological systems
3.Study FIG. 1.6 on page 3. Make a short summary of your understanding of the scientific method. Be able
to use all the entries in the flow chart in your discussion.
According to my understanding of the scientific method, all of the chart's flows point to
the experiment, which is what truly constitutes science.The scientific method is a way for
scientists to figure out what happened in an experiment. Scientists can collect evidence,
or data, by observing the world around them, performing an experiment, or running a
model.
4. Write a short description of the theories of origin of life based on:
a. Redi’s experiment
- Francesco Redi's experiment In the 16th century, people believed that sometimes living
things, or organisms arose from non-living matter. In 1668, however, Francesco Redi
conducted an experiment in which 4 jars of the same kind of meat had only 2 jars with
gauze covering. This gauze kept flies away from the meat.
b. Spallanzani’s experiment
- Lazzaro Spallanzani constructed his experiment by placing broth in each of two separate
bottles, boiling the broth in both bottles, then sealing one bottle and leaving the other
open. Days later, the unsealed bottle was teeming with small living things that he could
observe more clearly with the newly invented microscope.
c. Needham’s experiment
- Needham had created an experiment that he claimed resulted in little microscopic
animals being generated in mutton gravy. He poured hot mutton gravy into bottles and
then plugged them up with a cork. After, Needham even heated the bottles in hot ashes to
ensure any little animal eggs would be killed.
d. Divine Creation
- The divine creation theory, or Creationism, is the belief that a divine being is responsible
for the creation of life from nothing.
e. Spontaneous generation theory
- Spontaneous Generation Theory. The theory of spontaneous generation, first
comprehensively posited by Aristotle in his book ”On the Generation of Animals” around
350 B.C., aims to explain the seemingly sudden emergence of organisms such as rats, flies
and maggots within rotting meat and other decomposable items.
f. Panspermia
- Panspermia is the theory that very small organisms or chemicals that begin life can be
found everywhere in the universe and that they made life on earth begin. The theory of
panspermia – germs or spores spreading life through the universe – was touted by the
late Nobel laureate Francis Crick.
5. Give concrete example on how living organisms:
a. Gather and utilize energy
-Green plants obtain energy from sunlight to undergo photosynthesis.
Cells in living organisms require energy to maintain their structures and function, as
well as to grow and reproduce. Living organisms also produce electrical energy and
can make copies of DNA molecules by using ATP. Energy is also used to move muscles
and carry signals from the brain to different nerves.
b. Maintain an internal balance or homeostasis in their bodies
- Homeostasis is highly developed in warm-blooded animals living on land, which must
maintain body temperature, fluid balance, blood pH, and oxygen tension within rather
narrow limits, while at the same time obtaining nutrition to provide the energy to
maintain homeostasis.
c. Respond, adapt, and evolve
-.Corals may not appear to be moving all the time but rather they are attached to a
substrate after reaching adulthood compared to their juvenile stage when they freely
drift in the water.
d. Reproduce and continue life
- Reproduction is the process by which new organisms (offsprings) are generated. A
living organism does not need reproduction to survive, but as a species, they need that for
continuity and to ensure that they are not extinct. There are two main types of reproduction:
these include Sexual Reproduction and Asexual Reproduction.
e. interact with each other
- An ecosystem is a community made up of living and nonliving things interacting with
each other. Nonliving things do not grow, need food, or reproduce. …. Living things
grow, change, produce waste, reproduce, and die. Some examples of living things are
organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
6.How can knowledge in BIOLOGY improve the lives of people?
Biology has made a lot of progress. As a science, it aims to improve the lifestyles of
human beings through controlled inheritance, genetic engineering, study of vitamins
and hormones, cancer research and the environment, to name a few fields of study.
7. Are viruses living or non-living? How do they affect people’s lives?
Viruses are living nor non-living.This affect the people to have different disease due to
viruses.therefore we humans living in this world should be responsible to our health
especially in this of pandemic.Many people suffered due to corona virus or covid-19
which is very transmissible and it killed a millions of people over the world so,we must
be careful and have respect.
8.TEST YOURSELF:
A:
1.D
2.A
3.A
4.A
5.C
6.B
7.A
8.C
9.C
10.B
B.
1.Why do some scientist believe that life originated from other planets?
Some scientist believe that life originated from other planets its because Evolutionary
theory suggests that where life can get a toehold, it will, because life adapts to its
environment. And that can apply to other planets and beyond.
2.What specific problems in society are needed to be solved by biologists?
Cure for cancer
Cure for Heart diseases
Cleaner drinking water
Cleaner air
Eliminating harmful ingrediants in foods
Reduce rediation in electronics
Encourage to plant trees
Encourage health by eating right and excersicing
3.Can the scientific method use to deny or prove the existence of God?Justify.
Scientific method cannot be used to deny or prove the existence of God because we
cannot observe, measure, nor repeat His acts and miracles like how He created the
earth. Yes, we can observe His creation today but we cannot actually repeat nor observe
how they were created. This kind of information can only be passed down to us by the
revelation of an eyewitness who saw how the universe was created.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
4.How do biologists study life and explore its complexities?
Biologists study life and explore its complexities using experimental research.
Experimental research design is a research method that strictly follows the scientific
method to test the hypothesis. ... Some example data in experimental research are
alkalinity, acidity, force, or even growth because they are quantifiable .
5.Why study biology?
Biology helps us understand the big picture The study of biology connects us to the
world we are living in and reminds us of our interconnectedness with all other life
forms. It develops awareness of the significance of New Zealand's unique fauna and
flora and distinctive ecosystems
6.How do biologists study life?
Biologists study the living world by posing questions about it and seeking verifiable
responses. This approach is common to other sciences as well and is often referred to as
the scientific method.
7.How did life arise on Earth?
Earth is estimated to be about 4.5 billion years old, and for much of that history it has
been home to life in one weird form or another.Indeed, some scientists think life appeared
the moment our planet's environment was stable enough to support it.The earliest
evidence for life on Earth comes from fossilized mats of cyanobacteria called
stromatolites in Greenland that are about 3.7 billion years old. Ancient as their origins
are, these bacteria (which are still around today) are already biologically complex—they
have cell walls protecting their protein-producing DNA, so scientists think life must have
begun much earlier. In fact, there are hints of life in even more primeval rocks: 4.1-
billion-year-old zircons from Western Australia contain high amounts of a form of carbon
typically used in biological processes.
8.What characteristics do all living things share?
All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or
response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation,
homeostasis, and energy processing.
9.How can your knowledge of biology improve the lives of other people?
As a field of science, biology helps us understand the living world and the ways its many
species (including humans) function, evolve, and interact. Advances in medicine,
agriculture, biotechnology, and many other areas of biology have brought
improvements in the quality of life.
10.How can advances in biotechnology make products useful to humans?
Biotechnology has been central to these advances, progressively offering the ability to
make more complicated medicines and vaccines, opening up the treatment and
prevention of a broader set of diseases. The leading edge of biotechnology is now
offering the potential to rapidly produce therapeutics and vaccines against virtually any
target.
