Unicorn English

Task One Vocabulary

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 雅思小作文写作
1.时态
如无明确具体时间，用一般现在时；如标明了过去的时间或将来的时间，则用相应的
过去时和将来时描述。有时可能需要使用多种时态描述，视具体情况而定。
2. 客观性
不应该存在任何自己的主观想象成分，即使是结尾段也不应随意写，应该是根据图表
的实际内容作出符合逻辑的总结归纳。
3. 准确性
图里面出现的数字或任何信息不能抄错，如果看不清楚一个数值是否落在了一个点上，
可以适当估算一个值。
4. 专注重点
图表题需要对特殊的信息作出分析介绍，例如图表题中的起点、终点、交点与变化趋
势一定需要描述，其余非特征的数据根据时间情况而定。切勿面面俱到，否则时间会
超出规定范围。
5.审题很重要
在 20 分钟内完成 150 字文章不容易，首先需要把题目看清楚。不论哪类图表题，看不
清 楚 某 个 数 值 时 ， 允 许 使 用 “ 大 约 ” 这 类 词 ， 如 about/around/just over/just
under/approximately/roughly,etc

段落 句数 作用
开头段 1-2 句 改写原题
主体段 1
… 4-6 句 具体阐述数据，多比较和对比
主体段 N
结尾段 1-2 句 结论根据图的数据得出的合
理规律就可以，并不只有一个
答案
6. 雅思小作文分类
◼ Table 表格
◼ Line graph 线图
◼ Bar chart 柱状图（条形图）
◼ Pie chart 饼状图
◼ Flow chart 流程图
◼ Map 地图

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 雅思数据类小作文常用词汇

1. “由图可见”的写法有如下几种方式：
According to the 图表名称…
As shown in the 图表名称…
As can be seen from the 图表名称…
We can see from the 图表名称 that…
It is manifest from the 图表名称 that…

2. “具体来说”有几种方式：
To be more exact=More exactly
To be more precise=More precisely
To be more specific=More specifically

3. 上升：
Go up (went up) v.
Increase (increased) v./n. e.g.: Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20%
Rise (rose) v./n. by 1991 before decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period.
Ascend (ascended) v. The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend,
Grow (grew) v. exceeding that of lamb in 1980.
An upward/downward trend n.

4. 急剧上升：
Jump (jumped) v. e.g.: The spending on research and development soared to 2.7
Surge (surged) v./n. million pounds in 1990.
Shoot up (shot up) v.
Soar (soared) v.

5. 下降：
Decline v./n.
Dip v.
Fall v./n. e.g.: Other workers’ salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only
Decrease v./n. 15% of spending in 2001.
Drop v./n. The figure for the US dipped to only 4% for much of this
Descend v. period, which was the lowest in the figures for these countries.
Sink v.

6. 急剧下降： e.g.: The average price of tennis racquets plummeted to 79 pounds in

Plummet
1990.
Plunge

7. 由…组成：(常用在主体段开头第一句话，来概括组成部分)
Be made up of
Be composed of e.g.: Households that consisted of only one parent or a single adult
Consist of were less likely to be poor.
Comprise/be comprised of

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8. 稳定在一个水平上：
Level off at
Stabilise at e.g.: Its consumption levels remained stable at around 14% over the
Level out at
three decades.
Reached a plateau at
Remain stable at

9. 波动：
Fluctuate v. e.g.: In spite of some fluctuations in the expected percentages, the
Fluctuation n. proportion of older people will continue to rise in the next two
Fluctuate between…and… decades.

10. 经历了某种变化：
See
Experience e.g.: The cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend.
witness

11. 到达最高点：
Peak at v.
Reach the peak at v./n.
Reach the highest point at

12. 到达最低点：
Reach the bottom at n.
Bottom out at v.
The lowest point at

13. 到达多少数量：
Reach
Hit
Arrive at
Amount to
Stand at

14. 占多少（后面跟%百分数或者数字）： e.g.: This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but
Account for rose dramatically in 2011 when it represented 23% of the school
Make up budget.
Occupy Overall, teachers’ salaries constituted the largest cost to the
Constitute school.

15. 预测：
Expect e.g.: The proportion of elderly people in all three
Predict countries is expected to increase to almost
Project 25%.
常用被动：A is expected/projected/predicted to reach

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16. 表示速度快的形容词：
Sharp (sharply)
Rapid (rapidly)
Dramatic (dramatically) e.g.: A more dramatic rise is predicted between
Precipitous (precipitously) 2030 and 2040.
Drastic (drastically)
Steep (steeply)

17. 表示缓慢、逐渐或者持续的形容词：
Gradual (gradually) e.g.: The number of people working as scientists and
Gentle (gently)
technicians in industrialised countries increased
Steady (steadily)
steadily from 55 to 85 per 1,000 people between
Slow
Consistent 1980 and 1990.

18. 表示大幅度的形容词&副词:
Marked adj.
e.g.:The consumption of fast food also declined, but
Significant (significantly) adj./adv.
Substantial (substantially) adj./adv much less significantly.
Considerably adv

19. 表示小幅度的形容词&副词:
Modest e.g.: Italy’s spending on personal stereos is only
Slight marginally (很小幅度地) greater than that of
Moderate
Germany.
Marginal (marginally)
The impact of this on North America was
Minimal 极少的
Minimum 最少的 minimal, with only 0.2% of land affected.

20. 大约：
About
Roughly
Around
Just over e.g.: In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 and
Approximately over stood at approximately 7% in Sweden.
Just under

21. 分别：
Respectively 用在句子结尾，表示两组元素分别对应

e.g.: Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance,
constituting 35% and 30% respectively.

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 22. 同样地：
e.g.: Similarly, the cost of insurance saw a rising trend, growing
Similarly
from only 2% to 8% by 2001.
Likewise
多用在句首来引出类比 Likewise, in terms of the number of years of schooling
received, we can see that the length of time people spent at
school in these countries was much greater in 1980.

23. 对比：
Unlike…. 与…不同…,多用于句首表示对比
In comparision… 比较来说
By/In contrast… 对比来说…
A…while/ whereas B A…而 B 则…

e.g.: Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20% by 1991 before decreasing to only 9%
by the end of the period. By/In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend.
Europe had as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation, while/whereas the impact of this on
Oceania and North America was minimal.
While/whereas 用于表示一句话内部主句与从句间的对比

动词
the graph given illustrates/
a glance at the graph provided/supplied
the figure shows / indicates, it provides data on,
数据显示了 reveals, given are two figures providing a
describes the chart compares (the
comparison of…,
percentage of 饼状图)，
rise (v, n), climb (v, n), grow surge (v, n), jump (v, n), soar (v),rocket
上升 increase (v, n)
(v)-growth (n), to
下降 decrease (v, n), fall (v, n),drop (v, n), decline (v, n), slip to (v, n),
骤然下降 plummet to
保持…. stay at (v) remain stable at(v) maintain the same level
到达顶峰 reach a peak of … peak at 数据
到达谷底 reach the bottom at bottom out at
波动 fluctuate betwee... and...
超过 Exceed Overtake Surpass/outnumber
在…上面/下面 more/less than over/under, below
相似的趋势 …followed a very similar trend …were comparable
到达多少数量 Reach arrive at ；amount to Total up to;add up to
占据 …, at…percent of… …, accounting for …percent make up；constitute

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 of …

A比B多 more than outnumber

….was second when

排在第二… …was second in terms of… Second in terms of …was…
it came to…
three times as
是…的倍数 threefold (adv), double, triple,
(much) as..
发生 happen (v) Take place (v) occur (v)
不值得， It is also worth noting that… Also noteworthy is the fact that…,
It is reasonable to surmise
预测 equally predictable is the fact that…,
that…
需要，包括 involve (v) entail (v)
…mentioned in the
至 于 … ., 变 化很 table are very …mentioned vary greatly with With regard to…, …mentioned in the table
大 different in terms regard to… vary greatly.
of…
分开 divide (v) separate (v)
形容词、副词
程度
rapid(a), considerable(a), notable(a),
显著的（形） sharp (a),sudden dramatic (a),
marked (a), significant (a),
rapidly(adv),considerably(adv),exponen
显著地（副） sharply (adv), dramatically (adv), tially(adv), markedly (adv),
significantly (adv),
obvious (adj), significant
明显的 clear (adj), apparent (adj), evident (adj),
(adj),

明显下降 fall sharply decrease dramatically slide away, plunge to a low of…(v),

惊人的 surprising (adj) striking (adj)

轻微地 a little (adv), slightly (adv), marginally (adv),

仅仅， just (adv), only (adv), a negligible, a mere,

逐渐的 gradual (adj), steady (adj),
逐渐地 gradually (adv), steadily (adv),
持续的 sustained (adj),
大约 about (adv),almost around (adv), some, approximately (adv),
相当+比较级 much+比较级 far+比较级 Considerably+比较级
显然， clearly, … it is evident that…
许多种类的 several different various (adj),
时间
…Next, …；subsequently, …
然后， ….Then…； …After this …； after+时间点；
…, followed by a…；from that moment on
在……之前 before, until, prior to, (there be 专用)
over the over the
在之后的时间里
following…hours/days/weeks/ subsequent…hours/days/weeks/months/

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 months/years year

从…到…. From…to… between…and… During(over) the period from…to…

十年前 10 years before 10-year period a decade earlier,
开始…(上升) start to
语气
根据数据显示，，， according to the figures,
这 两 个数 据 是关 These two figures The two figures given
Given are two figures concerning…
于。。 are concern…
就…来说 as for In terms of with regard to
Meanwhile, at the
与此同时 likewise (adv), similarly (adv),
same time,
On the other hand,
另一方面 by contrast, conversely, In stark contrast, however, …
however, …
relatively (adv),
相对地 comparatively (adv),
rather (adv),
实际上，，， actually In fact, As a matter of fact,
有趣的是，，， interestingly It is interesting to note that
关于 about (prep)， on (prep)， concerning (prep)，
总的来说， overall (adj), general (adj),
总体来说 In general (adv), overall (adv), generally,
各自相应的 respectively
仅仅，唯一的 exclusively (adv),
名词
数据 number; figure; amount; data; information; details
…的比例 the percentage of the proportion of
阶段 part stage phase
比率 rate
水平 level（high/low）
种类 kind, type, form
分类 classification a breakdown（分类）of different types of
组 group category
转变 change shift Vary
趋势 trend(upward; downward)

流程图常用词汇

流程图常见动词
produce 生产，lay 放置，accumulate 积累，gather/collect 收集，obtain 获得，heat up 加热，
expand 膨胀，bend 弯曲，turn off 关闭，cool down 冷却，disconnect 断开连接，spin 旋转/
纺，strike 打击，compress 压缩，release 释放， expand 膨胀， move/flow 流动， accelerate
加速，form 形成， press 按压， adjust 调整， absorb 吸收， form 形成， process 加工， rotate
旋转，chop 坎， grind 磨（碎）/碾（碎），light 点燃， burn 燃烧， ignite 点燃， reflect

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反光，turn 转，starts 开始，stops 结束，records 录音， turns up 调高， turns down 调低，
winds 缠绕, unwinds 解开，revolves 旋转，fold 折叠，unfold 打开，reverse 颠倒/倒转，adapt
适应，adjust 调整，alter 改变，cure 治愈，disappear 消失，dissolve 溶化/解散，exchange 交
换，expand 扩张/膨胀，fade 退色，increase 增长，promote 促进/升职, reduce 减少，renew 使
更新/使恢复，renovate 革新/更新/修复，replace 取代，swell 肿胀，switch 改变，transform 完
全改变，vary 改变，swap 交换，shrink 收缩，melt 溶解，heal/cure 治愈，form/come into being/take
shape 形成，produce 生产，gain/get/acquire 获取，evaporate 蒸发，volatilize 挥发，draw 提取，
recycle 回收，extract 拔，absorb 吸收，collect 收集，meet 相遇，be made up of 由……组成, be
made of 由……制成，be made from 由……制成， feed on 以……为食，depend on/rely on 依
赖，release/send out 释放，sort 分类，separate 分开，conveyed 运送，cut into 切成，poured into
倒入，heated 加热，melted into 融化成，flows into 流入

常用到的被动语态的动词
Be sent to 被送到
Be transported to 被运送到
Be delivered to 被输送到
Be transferred to 被转移至
Be heated on/in 在…上被加热
Be extracted from 从…萃取
Be refined from 从…。提炼
Be degraded to/from 降级为…
Be evaporated 被蒸发
Be incinerated 被焚烧为
Be broken down 被分解为
Be oxidated 被氧化为
Be deforested 被荒漠化
Be released to 被释放到
Be burned by 被燃烧
Be mixed with 和…混合
Be moulded as 被塑造成为
Be processed 被加工成
Be disposed of 被处理
Be promoted 被提升为
Be manufactured 被制作/制造
Be generated 被产生/制造
Be grilled 被烧烤
Be smoked 被烟熏
Be exposed 被暴露
Be restored 被恢复

衔接词：按时间顺序/步骤
顺序连词：to begin with/at first/initially/in the first stage/ The first stage involves…, first of all,
secondly/ in the second stage / The next/following stage includes…
also, after that, at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhile, prior to, until,
in the third stage /in the last stage / The next step in the stage is that…
Finally/eventually/at the last stage
The last stage contains…

表述时间：

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in 10 days, during the period of 10 days, The process lasts for up to 10 days, after 10 days, 10 days
passed until something happened.

表示然后：then, next, in the next state, following that, after that, the next step in the stage is ....
, subsequently, in the following stage/step

表示过程：process, procedure, formation, development

时间阶段：after a period of …Months/days/minutes, during…

目的连词：in order to / in order that; so as to / so that

具体描述某个步骤
at this point/stage/phase
at the same time/moment
meanwhile/while

地图常用词汇

常用的空间词：
lies 靠近
is located 坐落
is situated in 位于
across 交叉
parallel 平行
intersect 交点
on the …side of the …面
on both sides of 两边
just off … 靠近
on the opposite side 在另一边
on the border 在边缘上
center/middle/central area 中间
near/next to/close to/adjacent to 靠近
地图变化词
变大：
enlarged
extended
increased
risen
doubled, tripled

变小：
dropped
reduced
decreased
fallen
halved

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消失：
disappeared
removed
no more here

建成：
becomes
transformed
reconstructed
redeveloped
converted into
changed into
turned over to
replaced /substituted
gives way to …
newly-built
built
establish
set up
constructed
completed and opened
added to

原有事物可说成：
The original/previous/former garden
尺寸上变大/变小：
The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half
数量上增多或减少：
The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/
doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500.
原有事物没了：
The farms completely disappeared/were removed.
原有事物被改为：
A becomes B
betransformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into B
A is replaced /substituted by B
图形新添事物
A newly-built road
A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B
A new IT centre has been added to the library.
The year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden
on the opposite side.
原有事物未变 A has remained unchanged。

A 位于 B 的范围内 ，如 A 位于 B 的东部地区
Shanghai is in the east of China
A 在 B 以东，即 A 位于 B 以东
Japan is to the east of China

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 A 在 B 以东，并且接壤
Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi
(in 表 A 在 B 内部， ON 表 A 和 B 接壤，TO 表 A 和 B 分开)

A 坐落于距离 B……远处：A is(数字)kilometers / miles to the east / west / south / north of

B。
A 在 B 西部的 120 千米处
A is 120 km to the west of B.
(is/ lies/ is located/ is situated)

A 在 B 外/内部的某个方位
A is at/in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B
(at 表示 A 在 B 外部， in 表 A 在 B 内部)

在道路或河流的最南端
at the southern end of the river
在河流或道路的南边/北边等
On the south/southern side of the river
On both sides of the road
On the other side

临近马路的地区
The area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road
A 在 B 的对面 A is on the opposite side of B
A 在 B 的东西南北角落：A is at/in the eastern/southern/western/northern corner of B。
A 和 B 很近：A is near /next to /close to B。

这条铁路线从 Glasgow 北部一直穿越到南部

1、The railway runs through Glasgow from north to south.
2、The railway crosses Glasgow from north to south.
3、The railway passes through Glasgow from north to south.
4、The railway goes through Glasgow from north to south.

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