ELEMENTS OF POETRY (5).

(5). Free Verse: Poetry that has no fixed pattern of meter, rhyme, line Here comes summer,
length, or stanza arrangement.Most modern poetry no longer follows Here comes summer,
POETIC DEVICE - A technique or tool used in poetry strict rules of meter or rhyme. It, has no rules about meter or rhyme Chirping robin, budding rose.
1. Speaker/Persona - The voice that communicates with the reader of whatsoever! [In other words, blank verse has rhythm, but no rhyme, Here comes summer,
a poem (like a narrator) while free verse has neither rhythm nor rhyme.] Here comes summer,
Sound of Poetry Gentle showers, summer clothes.
Structure of Poetry
5. Sound patterns-are sometimes collectively called sound play The repeated chorus of a song emphasizes the message of that song.
Structure has to do with the overall organization of lines and/or the because they take advantage of the performative, spoken nature of (4). Rhythm - is the beat of the poem.
conventional patterns of sound. Many modern poems may not have poetry. Rhythm is the pattern of sound created by the arrangement of
any identifiable structure (i.e. they are free verse) (1). Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds. In poetry, the most stressed and unstressed syllables in a line. Rhythm can be regular or
2. Line - The basic unit of poetry. The line is a word or a row of words. common kind of rhyme is the end rhyme, which occurs at the end of irregular.
Poets write in lines instead of sentences. two or more lines. It is usually identified with lower case letters, and a Example:
- They may or may not be complete sentences. new letter is used to identify each new end sound. Take a look at the I think that I shall never see
The number of lines in a poem may vary. rhyme scheme for the following poem a. End Rhyme: The rhyming of a poem lovely as a tree.
words at the end of a line. NOTE: Rhyme and rhythm are two totally different concepts!
3. Stanzas - are a series of lines grouped together and separated by Example: They could not excuse the sin.
an empty line from other stanzas. Stanzas are lines separated into That was committed by his kin.
Meter: the systematic regularity in rhythm; this systematic rhythm (or
groups. b. Internal Rhyme: Rhyme that occurs within a single line of
sound pattern) is usually identified by examining the type of "foot" and the
They form unit in a poem or a song.They are the equivalent of a poetry. number of feet.
paragraph in an essay. One way to identify a stanza is to count the Example: No, baby, no, you may not go.” Language of Poetry
number of lines. Thus: Slant Rhyme: Two words sound similar, but do not have a 6. Imagery - Descriptive language that appeals to the five senses.
couplet (2 lines) perfect rhyme. – sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell.
tercet (3 lines) Example: The words jackal and buckle. Some images appeal to more than one sense.
quatrain (4 lines) (c). Slant Rhyme: Two words sound similar, but do not have
FIVE TYPES OF IMAGERY
cinquain (5 lines) a perfect rhyme. Example: The words jackal and buckle.
(1).Visual Imagery-Imagery that deals with picturing something.
sestet (6 lines) (sometimes it's called a sexain)
Example: The dark, black cloud began to block the azure, blue sky as
septet (7 lines) Not all poetry rhymes…it is just one of the poetic elements
we sat and watched on the beach.
octave (8 lines) (2). Rhyme Scheme: The pattern that end rhymes form in a stanza or
(2). Auditory Imagery-Imagery that deals with sound and hearing.
poem.
Form of Poetry Example: The doorbell rang and Rayna screamed, “I’ll get it!”
Rhyme scheme is designated by the assignment of a different letter of
4. Form - Form is the way a poem looks. the alphabet to each new rhyme. (3). Olfactory Imagery-Imagery that represents a smell.
Example: The garbage can released an odor of rancid, three-week-old
Types of poems according to form or style Roses are red A
milk.
Violets are blue B
(1).Lyric Poetry: It is any poem with one speaker (not necessarily the You stole my heart C (4). Gustatory Imagery- Imagery that represents a taste.
poet) who expresses strong thoughts and feelings. Most poems, Then were untrue B Example: Mark tasted the briny, bitter salt water for the first time.
especially modern ones, are lyric poems.
The rhyme scheme of the poem is abcb. (5). Tactile Imagery-Imagery that represents touch.
(2). Narrative Poem: It is a poem that tells a story; its structure
Example: She dug her toes in the wet sand, but she was still sweating
resembles the plot line of a story [i.e. the introduction of conflict and I saw a fairy in the wood,
from the hot sun.
characters, rising action, climaxand the denouement]. He was dressed all in green.
7. Figurative Language or Figures of Speech- helps us picture
(3). Descriptive Poem: It is a poem that describes the world that He drew his sword while I just stood,
ordinary things in a new way.
surrounds the speaker. It uses elaborate imagery and adjectives. And realized I'd been seen.
Ex: Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole, Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance
While emotional, it is more "outward-focused" than lyric poetry, which The rhyme scheme of the poem is abab.
etc
is more personal and introspective. (3). Repetition: The recurrence of sounds, words, phrases, lines or 8. Idiom - is a phrase or expression that has a different meaning from
(4). Blank Verse: Any poetry that does have a set metrical pattern stanzas in a poem.
what it actually says.
(usually iambic pentameter), but does not have rhyme, is blank verse. Writers use repetition to emphasize an important point, to expand on
Ex. It’s raining cats and dogs.
Shakespeare frequently used unrhymed iambic pentameter in his an idea, to create rhythm, and to increase the unity of the work.
plays; his works are an early example of blank verse
Example:
 Boom! Crash! Pow! Quack! Moo! Caress... c. Three roads
9. a. Denotation: The literal, dictionary meaning of a word. Repetition: the repetition of entire lines or phrases to
Example: The word “home” means, “the physical structure emphasize key thematic ideas.
within which one lives, such as a house.” 2.The poet felt sorry because?
Parallel Stucture: a form of repetition where the order of verbs
b. Connotation: The suggested or implied meanings associated and nouns is repeated; it may involve exact words, but it more a. He could not see the road well
with a word beyond its dictionary definition. importantly repeats sentence structure - "I came, I saw, I b. He could not travel on both the roads
Example: Words can have positive or negative connotations. conquered". c. He did not know the direction
The word “home” might suggest positive thoughts of comfort,
family, protection, etc.
Assessment
10. Diction: A writer’s choice of words; an important element in 3. The poet took the road.
the writer’s voice or style. a. To the right
11. Mood - The emotional quality of a literary work. Read the poem, then do the tasks that follow. b. To the left
Mood is determined by setting, subject matter, and tone. c. The one less traveled on
The Road Not Taken
By Robert L. Frost
SAMPLE MOOD WORDS: Cheerful, gloomy, bleak, eerie,
tense, calm, ominous, uncertain, miserable Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS IN APPRECIATING POETRY And sorry I could not travel both 4. In poem, the speaker describes___
And be one traveler, long I stood a. Conflicts in life
Readers of poetry often bring with them many related
And looked down one as far as I could
assumptions: To where it bent in the undergrowth; b. Problems we face in life
 That a poem is to be read for its "message," c. Choices we make in life
 That this message is "hidden" in the poem, Then took the other, as just as fair,
 The message is to be found by treating the words as And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear; 5. What did the poet see in the yellow wood?
symbols which naturally do not mean what they say but
Though as for that the passing there
stand for something else, Had worn them really about the same, a. Two paths diverging in different directions
 You have to decipher every single word to appreciate b. Trees in the forest c. Green grass
and enjoy the poem. And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
12. Tone – The attitude of the writer towards the subject.
Yet knowing how way leads on to way, Task 2. Go over the poem again. Then, look for
I doubted if I should ever come back.
the different poetic devices used in the poem
WORD SOUNDS I shall be telling this with a sigh “The Road Not Taken.” Write your answers on
Somewhere ages and ages hence: your answer sheet.
Another type of sound play is the emphasis on individual sounds and Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
words: I took the one less traveled by,
1. End Rhyme-
And that has made all the difference.
2. Internal Rhyme-
Alliteration: the repetition of initial sounds on the same line or Task 1. Answer the following questions. Writer the 3. Onomatopoeia-
stanza - Big bad Bob bounced bravely.
Assonance: the repetition of vowel sounds (anywhere in the letter which represents your answer . 4. Alliteration-
middle or end of a line or stanza) - Tilting at windmills 5. Consonance-
Consonance: the repetition of consonant sounds (anywhere in 1. Which intersection point the poet stood? 6. Assonance-
the middle or end of a line or stanza) - And all the air a solemn 7. Imagery
a. crossroads
stillness holds. (T. Gray)
Onomatopoeia: words that sound like that which they describe - b. Two roads