High-Performance Audio DACs
High-Performance Audio DACs
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or       One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.               Tel: 617/329-4700                               Fax: 617/326-8703
AD1851/AD1861–SPECIFICATIONS (T @ +258C and 65 V supplies, unless otherwise noted)     A
DATA 7 10 RF DATA 7 10 RF
                                                               VOUT                                                                                VOUT
              NC    8      AD1851                         9                                   NC      8      AD1851                        9
NC = NO CONNECT NC = NO CONNECT
                                                                                 –2–                                                                         REV. A
AD1851                                                                               AD1851/AD1861
                                                        Min        Typ       Max            Units
RESOLUTION                                                                   16             Bits
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE
 0 dB, 990.5 Hz
   AD1851N-J, R-J                                                  0.003     0.004          %
   AD1851N, R                                                      0.004     0.008          %
 –20 dB, 990.5 Hz
   AD1851N-J, R-J                                                  0.009     0.016          %
   AD1851N, R                                                      0.009     0.040          %
 –60 dB, 990.5 Hz
   AD1851N-J, R-J                                                  0.9       1.6            %
   AD1851N, R                                                      0.9       4.0            %
D-RANGE* (With A-Weight Filter)
 –60 dB, 990.5 Hz AD1851N, R                            88                                  dB
                  AD1851N-J, R-J                        96                                  dB
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO                                   107        110                      dB
MAXIMUM CLOCK INPUT FREQUENCY                           12.5                                MHz
ACCURACY
 Differential Linearity Error                                      ± 0.001                  % of FSR
MONOTONICITY                                                       14                       Bits
POWER SUPPLY
 Current
   +I                                                              10.0      13.0           mA
   –I                                                              –10.0     –15.0          mA
 Power Dissipation                                                 100                      mW
AD1861
                                                        Min        Typ       Max            Units
RESOLUTION                                                                   18             Bits
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE
 0 dB, 990.5 Hz
   AD1861N-J, R-J                                                  0.003     0.004          %
   AD1861N, R                                                      0.004     0.008          %
 –20 dB, 990.5 Hz
   AD1861N-J, R-J                                                  0.009     0.016          %
   AD1861N, R                                                      0.009     0.040          %
 –60 dB, 990.5 Hz
   AD1861N-J, R-J                                                  0.9       1.6            %
   AD1861N, R                                                      0.9       4.0            %
D-RANGE* (With A-Weight Filter)
 –60 dB, 990.5 Hz AD1861N, R                            88                                  dB
                  AD1861N-J, R-J                        96                                  dB
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO                                   107        110                      dB
MAXIMUM CLOCK INPUT FREQUENCY                           13.5                                MHz
ACCURACY
 Differential Linearity Error                                      ± 0.001                  % of FSR
MONOTONICITY                                                       15                       Bits
POWER SUPPLY
 Current
   +I                                                              10.0      13.0           mA
   –I                                                              –10.0     –15.0          mA
 Power Dissipation                                                 100                      mW
*Tested in accordance with EIAJ Test Standard CP-307.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
REV. A                                                       –3–
AD1851/AD1861
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*                                                                                               PIN DESCRIPTIONS
VL to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 V to 6.50 V
VS to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 V to 6.50 V             1                  –VS        Analog Negative Power Supply
–VS to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –6.50 V to 0 V               2                  DGND       Logic Ground
Digital Inputs to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VL                  3                  VL         Logic Positive Power Supply
AGND to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 0.3 V               4                  NC         No Connection
Short Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indefinite Short to Ground                 5                  CLK        Clock Input
Soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +300°C, 10 sec         6                  LE         Latch Enable Input
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –60°C to +100°C                    7                  DATA       Serial Data Input
                                                                                           8                  NC         No Internal Connection*
*Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause
 permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional               9                  VOUT       Voltage Output
 operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the     10                 RF         Feedback Resistor
 operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute            11                 SJ         Summing Junction
 maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.             12                 AGND       Analog Ground
                                                                                           13                 IOUT       Current Output
                               ORDERING GUIDE                                              14                 MSB ADJ    MSB Adjustment Terminal
                                                                                           15                 TRIM       MSB Trimming Potentiometer Terminal
                                                                         Package
                                                                                           16                 VS         Analog Positive Power Supply
Model                         Resolution          THD + N                Option*
                                                                                           *Pin 8 has no internal connection; -V L from AD1856 or AD1860 socket can be
AD1851N                       16 Bits             0.008%                 N-16               safely applied.
AD1851N-J                     16 Bits             0.004%                 N-16
AD1851R                       16 Bits             0.008%                 R-16
AD1851R-J                     16 Bits             0.004%                 R-16
AD1861N                       18 Bits             0.008%                 N-16
AD1861N-J                     18 Bits             0.004%                 N-16
AD1861R                       18 Bits             0.008%                 R-16
AD1861R-J                     18 Bits             0.004%                 R-16
*N = Plastic DIP Package; R = Small Outline (SOIC) Package.
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. The digital control inputs are diode protected;
however, permanent damage may occur on unconnected devices subject to high energy electro-
                                                                                                                                        WARNING!
static fields. Unused devices must be stored in conductive foam or shunts. The protective foam
should be discharged to the destination socket before devices are inserted.                                                                            ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
Typical Performance
10
175
                   150
                                                                                                               1
                   125                                                                                                                                      –60dB
                                                                                                  THD+N – %
         PD – mW
                   100
                                                                                                              0.1
75
                    50                                                                                    0.01
                                                                                                                                                            –20dB
                    25
                                                                                                                                                             0dB
                                                                                                     0.001
                          2      4       6    8      10      12     14                                   –30 –20 –10     0   10    20   30   40   50   60   70      80   90
                                     CLOCK FREQUENCY – MHz
                                                                                                                                  TEMPERATURE – °C
                                                                                         –4–                                                                             REV. A
                                                                                                                 AD1851/AD1861
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION                                                                                             RF
Total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N) is defined as
the ratio of the square root of the sum of the squares of the val-                                        IOUT DAC
                                                                                        REFERENCE
ues of the first 19 harmonics and noise to the value of the funda-
mental input frequency. It is usually expressed in percent (%).                                                             AUDIO
                                                                                                                           OUTPUT
THD+N is a measure of the magnitude and distribution of lin-                                INPUT LATCH
earity error, differential linearity error, quantization error and
noise. The distribution of these errors may be different, depend-
ing on the amplitude of the output signal. Therefore, to be most
                                                                                         SERIAL-TO-PARALLEL
useful, THD+N should be specified for both large (0 dB) and                                 CONVERSION
small signal amplitudes (–20 dB and –60 dB).                                           CLOCK     LE       DATA
The THD+N figure of an audio DAC represents the amount of
undesirable signal produced during reconstruction and playback
of an audio waveform. This specification, therefore, provides a               Figure 1. AD1851/AD1861 Functional Block Diagram
direct method to classify and choose an audio DAC for a
desired level of performance.                                              FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
                                                                           The AD1851/AD1861 is a complete monolithic PCM audio
SETTLING TIME                                                              DAC. No additional external components are required for op-
Settling time is the time required for the output of the DAC to            eration. As shown in Figure 1 above, each chip contains a volt-
reach and remain within a specified error band about its final             age reference, an output amplifier, a DAC, an input latch and a
value, measured from the digital input transition. It is a primary         parallel input register.
measure of dynamic performance.                                            The voltage reference consists of a bandgap circuit and buffer
                                                                           amplifier. This combination of elements produces a reference
MIDSCALE ERROR                                                             voltage that is unaffected by changes in temperature and age.
Midscale error, or bipolar zero error, is the deviation of the ac-         The DAC output voltage, which is derived from the reference
tual analog output from the ideal output (0 V) when the 2s                 voltage, is also unaffected by these environmental changes.
complement input code representing half scale is loaded in the
                                                                           The output amplifier uses both MOS and bipolar devices to
input register.
                                                                           produce low offset, high slew rate and optimum settling time.
                                                                           When combined with the on-chip feedback resistor, the output
D-RANGE DISTORTION
                                                                           op amp converts the output current of the AD1851/AD1861 to
D-range distortion is equal to the value of the total harmonic
                                                                           a voltage output.
distortion + noise (THD+N) plus 60 dB when a signal level of
–60 dB below full scale is reproduced. D-range is tested with a            The DAC uses a combination of segmented decoder and R-2R
1 kHz input sine wave. This is measured with a standard A-                 architecture to achieve consistent linearity and differential lin-
weight filter as specified by EIAJ Standard CP-307.                        earity. The resistors which form the ladder structure are fabri-
                                                                           cated with silicon chromium thin film. Laser-trimming of these
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO                                                      resistors further reduces linearity error, resulting in low output
The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is defined as the ratio of the             distortion.
amplitude of the output when a full-scale output is present to             The input register and serial-to-parallel converter are fabricated
the amplitude of the output with no signal present. This is mea-           with CMOS logic gates. These gates allow the achievement of
sured with a standard A-weight filter as specified by EIAJ                 fast switching speeds and low power consumption. This contrib-
Standard CP-307.                                                           utes to the overall low power dissipation of the AD1851/
                                                                           AD1861.
REV. A                                                               –5–
AD1851/AD1861
                                                                        However, three separate voltage supplies are not necessary for
Analog Circuit Considerations                                           good circuit performance. For example, Figure 3 illustrates a
                                                                        system where only a single positive and a single negative supply
GROUNDING RECOMMENDATIONS                                               are available.
The AD1851/AD1861 has two ground pins, designated Analog                In this example, the positive logic and positive analog supplies
and Digital ground. The analog ground pin is the “high quality”         must both be connected to +5 V, while the negative analog sup-
ground reference point for the device. The analog ground pin            ply will be connected to –5 V. Performance would benefit from
should be connected to the analog common point in the system.           a measure of isolation between the supplies introduced by using
The output load should also be connected to that same point.            simple low pass filters in the individual power supply leads.
The digital ground pin returns ground current from the digital
logic portions of the AD1851/AD1861 circuitry. This pin                                           +5V          +5V
                                                                      –6–                                                             REV. A
                                                                                                                  AD1851/AD1861
AD1851 DIGITAL CIRCUIT CONSIDERATIONS                                    AD1861 DIGITAL CIRCUIT CONSIDERATIONS
AD1851 Input Data                                                        AD1861 Input Data
Data is transmitted to the AD1851 in a bit stream composed of            Data is transmitted to the AD1861 in a bit stream composed of
16-bit words with a serial, MSB first format. Three signals              18-bit words with a serial, MSB first format. Three signals
must be present to achieve proper operation. They are the                must be present to achieve proper operation. They are the
Data, Clock and Latch Enable (LE) signals. Input data bits are           Data, Clock and Latch Enable (LE) signals. Input data bits are
clocked into the input register on the rising edge of the Clock          clocked into the input register on the rising edge of the Clock
signal. The LSB is clocked in on the 16th clock pulse. When all          signal. The LSB is clocked in on the 18th clock pulse. When all
data bits are loaded, a low-going Latch Enable pulse updates             data bits are loaded, a low-going Latch Enable pulse updates
the DAC input. Figure 5 illustrates the general signal require-          the DAC input. Figure 7 illustrates the general signal require-
ments for data transfer to the AD1851.                                   ments for data transfer to the AD1861.
 CLOCK
                                                                         CLOCK
        AAAAAAAAA                                                             AAAAAAAAA
          M                                               L                       M                                                  L
  DATA    S                                               S                       S                                                  S
          B                                               B               DATA    B                                                  B
LATCH LATCH
         Figure 5. Signal Requirements for AD1851                                Figure 7. Signal Requirements for AD1861
Figure 6 illustrates the specific timing requirements that must          Figure 8 illustrates the specific timing requirements that must
be met in order for the data transfer to be accomplished prop-           be met in order for the data transfer to be accomplished prop-
erly. The input pins of the AD1851 are both TTL and 5 V                  erly. The input pins of the AD1861 are both TTL and 5 V
CMOS compatible. The input requirements illustrated in Fig-              CMOS compatible. The input requirements illustrated in Fig-
ures 5 and 6 are compatible with data outputs provided by                ures 7 and 8 are compatible with data outputs provided by
popular DSP filter chips used in digital audio playback systems.         popular DSP filter chips used in digital audio playback systems.
The AD1851 input clock can run at a 12.5 MHz rate. This                  The AD1861 input clock can run at a 13.5 MHz rate. This
clock rate will allow data transfer rates for 23, 43 or 83 or            clock rate will allow data transfer rates for 23, 43 or 83 or
163 oversampling reconstructions.                                        163 oversampling reconstructions.
                      >30ns
                                                                                                >30ns
 DATA
                                                                          DATA
           >15ns                 >15ns
                                                                                      >15ns               >15ns
                                >40ns
                                                                                                        >40ns
CLOCK CLOCK
LATCH LATCH
Figure 6. Timing Relationships of AD1851 Input Signals Figure 8. Timing Relationships of AD1861 Input Signals
REV. A                                                             –7–
AD1851/AD1861
APPLICATIONS
Figures 9 through 12 show connection diagrams for the
AD1851 and AD1861 and the Yamaha YM3434 and the NPC
SM5813AP/APT digital filter chips.
                                                                                         LEFT
                       CLK    +5V                         CLK
                                                                                   LOW OUTPUT
                                                          LATCH           OUT      PASS
                       X1     ST     16/18 DLO                                    FILTER
                                                          DATA     AD1851
                                            BCO
YM3434 WCO
                                            DRO            DATA
                                                                                   LOW
                                                           LATCH          OUT      PASS
                                                                                  FILTER
                                                           CLK     AD1851                    RIGHT
                                                                                            OUTPUT
                             +5V                                                           LEFT
                      CLK                                  CLK
                                                                                    LOW   OUTPUT
                                                           LATCH          OUT       PASS
                       X1    ST     16/18                                          FILTER
                                            DLO            DATA    AD1861
                                            BCO
YM3434 WCO
                                            DRO            DATA
                                                                                    LOW
                                                           LATCH          OUT       PASS
                                                                                   FILTER
                                                           CLK     AD1861                    RIGHT
                                                                                            OUTPUT
                                                           –8–                                       REV. A
                                                                                    AD1851/AD1861
                           +5V                                                              LEFT
           CLK                                     CLK
                                                                                           OUTPUT
                                                                                  LOW
                                                   LATCH             OUT          PASS
                                                                                 FILTER
            X1    COB      OW20
                                   DOL            DATA     AD1851
                                  BCKO
         SM5813AP/APT
                                  WCKO
                                   DOR            DATA
                 OW18
                                                                                  LOW
                                                   LATCH             OUT          PASS
                                                                                 FILTER
                                                  CLK
                                                           AD1851                           RIGHT
                  +5V                                                                      OUTPUT
                          +5V
                                                                                             LEFT
          CLK                                     CLK
                                                                                            OUTPUT
                                                                                   LOW
                                                  LATCH               OUT          PASS
                                                                                  FILTER
           X1    COB      OW20
                                   DOL             DATA
                                                           AD1861
                                  BCKO
         SM5813AP/APT
                                  WCKO
                                   DOR             DATA
                 OW18
                                                                                   LOW
                                                   LATCH              OUT          PASS
                                                                                  FILTER
                                                           AD1861                            RIGHT
                                                   CLK                                      OUTPUT
REV. A                                           –9–
AD1851/AD1861
                                                  OTHER DIGITAL AUDIO COMPONENTS AVAILABLE
                                                             FROM ANALOG DEVICES
DATA 7 10 RF DATA 7 10 RF
NC = NO CONNECT NC = NO CONNECT
                                                     14                   IOUT
     TRIM       3                                          ADJ                   4                                                          21   IOUT
                                                                         AGND    5                                                          20   AGND
      +VL       4                                    13    NR1
                                                                           SJ    6                                                          19   SJ
      CLK       5                                    12    AGND
                                                                           RF    7                                                          18   RF
                        INPUT
                         AND          20-BIT                                                –                                   –
       LE 6                                          11    IOUT          VOUT    8
                                                                                                                                +
                                                                                                                                            17   VOUT
                       DIGITAL         DAC                                                  +
                       OFFSET                                             +VL    9                                                          16   –VL
     DATA       7                                    10    RF
                                                                           DR    10                  18-BIT        18-BIT                   15   DL
                                                                                         18-BIT                                18-BIT
                                                                                                      D/A           D/A
      –VL       8     AD1862                         9     DGND            LR 11
                                                                                         LATCH                                 LATCH
                                                                                                                                            14   LL
                                                                           CK    12                                                         13   DGND
                    NC = NO CONNECT
                                                                  –10–                                                                                  REV. A
                                                                                          AD1851/AD1861
                                     OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
                                 Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
16 9
          0.299
          (7.60)                                          0.419
                                                         (10.65)
1 8
         PIN
         1                                                              0.030
                        0.050 (1.27)
                                                                        (0.75)
                                  0.413 (10.50)
          0.104
         (2.650)
                        0.019
                        (0.49)                        0.012    0.013             0.042
                                                      (0.30)   (0.32)            (1.07)
REV. A                                            –11–
–12–
       PRINTED IN U.S.A.   C1458–7–10/90