1.
The release of a hormone via the posterior pituitary can have which of the following
effects?
● Reduced uterine muscle contractility
● Increased growth at the epiphyseal plates
● Reduced diuresis
● Increased thyroxine production
2. Which of the following hormones can freely pass through the plasma membrane?
● Testosterone
● Catecholamines
● Insulin
● IGF-1
3. Which of the following hormones are NOT directly involved in metabolism?
● Growth hormone
● Cortisol
● Thyroid Hormone
● Aldosterone
4. Polyuria can be caused by
● Decreased insulin
● Vasopressin
● Catecholamines
● Reduced thyroid hormone
5. How does RANKL promote bone resorption?
● It binds directly to osteocytes
● It inhibits osteoblast differentiation
● Its release is stimulated by PTH
● It enhances the expression of OPG
6. Which of the following does NOT support bone formation?
● Release of IGF-1
● Release of GH
● Release of GHIH
● Release of Calcitriol
7. A signaling pathway that would activate cyclic AMP, would in turn activate:
● protein kinase A.
● G protein.
● adenylyl cyclase.
● diacylglycerol.
8. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding fluid balance?
● Aldosterone is antagonistic to vasopressin effects on fluid balance
● Vasopressin is antagonistic to atrial natriuretic peptide effects on fluid balance
● Aldosterone is antagonistic to atrial natriuretic peptide effects on fluid balance
● Vasopressin promotes water retention in the body
FORM A
9. Consider the following physiological reactions: an increase in plasma glucose and a
reduction in immune function. Which of the following hormone imbalances is likely?
● Increase in insulin
● Increase in TSH
● Increase in glucagon
● Increase in cortisol
10. Maria is a university student in a lab course that is running late. It is early afternoon, and
she has not eaten anything for many hours. How is her body responding to her hunger?
● Her pancreatic alpha cells are releasing glucagon to raise her blood glucose
● Her pancreatic beta cells are releasing glucagon to lower her blood glucose
● Her pancreatic delta cells are releasing insulin to raise her blood glucose
● Her pancreatic beta cells are releasing insulin to stimulate fat breakdown
11. Damage to the zona glomerulosa that leads to a reduction in endocrine function of that
area may lead to what?
● A rise in blood pressure
● High blood potassium
● Suppressed immune function
● High blood sodium
12. Which of the following can occur as a result of the anterior pituitary secreting excess
hormones?
● Decrease in FSH
● Decrease in TRH
● Decrease in TSH
● Decrease in Cortisol
13. Which of the following is correct regarding insulin?
● Both GIP and GLP-1 can increase insulin release
● Insulin release is not affected at all by plasma amino acid levels, only plasma glucose
levels
● Insulin is released by exocrine pancreatic cells
● Insulin release can decrease glycogenesis
14. Which of the following is correct?
● TSH and T3/T4 are all peptide hormones
● Thyroglobulin is an active hormone
● T3/T4 stimulate adenylate cyclase signalling
● TSH G-protein coupled receptors are on the thyroid gland
15. Why do people with hyperthyroidism often lose weight?
● TSH lowers basal metabolic rate.
● Decreased thyroid hormone enhances lipolysis.
● Increased thyroid hormone increases energy mobilization.
● Increased thyroid hormone promotes glycogenesis.
FORM A
16. A 10 year old male is about 15cm taller than his peers and has enlarged hands and feet.
Lab results show GH: 38.4 ng/mL (normal range, 0-5 ng/mL); insulin-like growth factor 1
(IGF-1), 624.0 ng/mL (normal range for age, 220-616 ng/mL) and
T3/T4/TSH/Cortisol/Prolactin were within normal limits. Which of the following is a likely
condition?
● Hyperthyroidism
● Grave’s disease
● Acromegaly
● Gigantism
17. What is the correct statement below?
● GnRH secretion decreases at the onset of puberty.
● Sertoli cells secrete Androgen Binding Protein, which binds testosterone
● FSH secretion promotes both sperm and oocyte development
● Leydig cells secrete FSH for sperm development
18. Which of the following is true regarding serum testosterone levels commonly seen in XY
individuals?
● Testosterone is very high during childhood
● Testosterone is high during fetal life
● Testosterone is low during puberty
● Testosterone is found in a stable, constant amount throughout life
19. Which of the following is true regarding Leydig (interstitial) cells?
● They secrete LH
● They have receptors for FSH
● They function to promote male secondary sex characteristics
● They provide the blood-testis barrier
20. In the female menstrual cycle, the thickest endometrium corresponds to the same time
as:
● Corpus albicans production
● High levels of LH
● The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
● High levels of progesterone
21. Which of the following accompanies degeneration of the corpus luteum?
● Circulating levels of estrogen rapidly increases
● FSH secretion starts to rise
● The endometrium thickens
● hCG is released by the endometrium
22. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the ovarian cycle?
● The development of antral follicles and menstruation both occur during the luteal
phase.
● The secretion of estrogen occurs only during the luteal phase.
● Increased vascularization of the endometrium occurs during the luteal phase.
● Secretion of progesterone occurs during the follicular phase
FORM A
23. In order to build more muscle mass, some males take extra androgenic steroids for
several years. What may happen in response (compared to normal before taking the
androgenic steroids?
● GnRH is low
● LH is low but FSH is high
● Endogenous testosterone is high
● LH and FSH are high
24. Why does a woman’s menstrual cycle (period) usually stop during pregnancy?
● High progesterone by the corpus luteum maintains the endometrium
● High estrogen by the corpus luteum inhibits the secretory phase
● High FSH by the anterior pituitary maintains the uterine lining
● High progesterone by the anterior pituitary maintains the uterine lining
25. Which of the following is FALSE regarding placental hormones?
● They contribute to maternal progesterone levels
● They provide precursors for estrogen
● They stimulate ovarian function for follicle development
● They contribute to mammary gland development
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