LARyN espirotuytad.

uhch uË
Bupandal port doaer
pper voie. boxlogan of phoratiÝn
modijecd or procduing
Gallid voice,
Htn t isalso

aired
unpoined
1. Thyroi
1.Arfenod
8.(ornlulote
3. Criotd 3. Cuneijosrm8s
3 EpigloH8 cureiom
ahRoid Carilagt
*MOSt proninent the lorynx om ront
ag Bhield to protect imina
Act quadrlateral
4 Consi9t ol a am amgle callkd Thyroid anqle
Meelin ont a
promirneneon Aast in cbtue in
responsiblelor -Ad ami maley knay
neck (alled (90)
the
he median plane proNicle
thyvoid 'caorttloge in
* pest Hochhent'cbonbboveclÃontcorchlo folzong Sru
Suate o
a ghytoepiglottic lgamerd
b)oir vestibuby ligamyny
Vota!
* post bordey Each Jarmina is:
Cornu
horns
Superior hornslCoonu.
1l holonged Lupoands ag
prolohqed douoneondy ay
iR) coyoined insertioo he
providéd cogoined
 cbliqya bne Omd
lamina prsesentg on
o, Eoch 3rusckeg (aom aboe
Sujare %attochmuntto
outer Suilore tstoteral
prticle rom macial
doonorel
Sicdes, Hhese ahe

Jmjeior (onstvichoshysephoryrguy
3)sterndypid
por)
CRLotD CARTIUAE
aped ring artlage.hivr .Jamira
Signentanierior archeboc! pos laouynk
NoT mad enciocde& the luntm d
Complefty a lourclation Stone ohea.iynn mélam Gidge e
consiclerd lamina, presents
tvelge
posteuor Saate q Srele f thy
areas on ach
hyorcd Gbau
kone
hehiod thu
Epiqlotrsle §&atnds up baundny
the tongu faufmsper
ygpr End is
15brod Joynganlet. Contd to the poatoior Sfau
Looer- en is pointkd &
thyropiglottic Lgaminh
srtlay.ay
hyrod. lartilage by is onnchd oin buu tonga
Soyau Gbigotis
qlanoepiglottic falg vallcd
AnierioY
* mediantandiana fotdy is Called.
by enEah Sicle the midian
eS8ion presnt
pesent ca taberule
Depy Spiglotis
o Spiglotis
posterio Snyaie
 3
Aynoid (oilage
bordan
paired
'nytilat toith the lateral ports of the 4pper
Cricoid amina.
Promidal-is
is Sope

Base A
erior- ntuzolatèal8
Thiee Sunyate Cpost
madialJ
ARyTeNOID (ARTELAE
(nu3cualarr &Votal)
oo pTOLeSS
protegs >
moauon proiess projut taraly& baakuondy
votal protSS oirected loreoand
>Conave
cotth thu uppes-border othe
s rtiaato
y damina o< cicoid (ortlage oal. protess &
,latray
to lorn
paolongcd antroy
msula
to 7orm. proess
ATtiaulaty'oith (ornicalate cortilag
9pe-> Santorini)
CoRNiaATE CAR*LAES (OF
noduly
paured Conical. arytno d Catilaqe
Asticalaty oith aps thu
Cop
s wg1Sbcg)
CoNeTpRM CARTILAGE (ortrlagey
Shayptd
parel, tury od - lorfilagy
ie
obove the conicalae
 3trodutien
diaphragm ig a hin muudatendim puß Sheet
he bototum dthe thora(ic amd abdomin
ahat lorms he partition
Cavties Ju
negions callud as the g ight &
ahe -glevad dateral
cloms. onvexitieg Gre knston y Cupoloe.
the
2he Subnmit o
o parts c-Shapd (enhol tondon,
potion Consists a.
O}
The innerselatd o he heort
crumksunial coigin.
chaphragm musze jbyes have atlauhmuts ido
ahe clivisible as the, Pripheal
ibres 0 e
ghese. The Strnal
The CoStal port
The lumber port
3ternal part
he iones -Sulace of the
SBernal. part orises oonm qu
* The Hhu Costal Cavttla
proeES and to insest ioto
Xiphoicd ypordy and baukuoas
Suns
res
(enhral tendon,
ahe coSal port
part ariseg. 7aom ; &ge
4 The Coßtal
Syae ol the tth gh
ibs: ghe innet th.&19h 9ibs
dJ. Louer ix and 1oh,
Costal Canhtages
lumber 0iSes (vom:
The lumbes- part
Rght Ja7t Coua.
legt medial &oterol Qnouat bionent
Rght &
2he Cruro are jrmly attached to the jyont o, te uertbral
Columh paris &betomey musul ortas
lower
hey One tencinoug in ther into the daphrogm
hey cue pyuaord middíne by kndinouy
OSs he
hese Grue ane uni kd ao ligammont
rch, the meduan 0uate
ARuat hyAMENT jmom tram goE
ligomenti t 6xtendy
0 Medial ohanot

Latera aauteliaamentst 81tendy roS3 th quacdt

thansverse
bom the 19h hiblo thu
3 mboun.
L1 Ver tbra.
proess ofthu
ARERTURES aperhuhts:
Named lorge
3 Aortic hiaty CT-12)
1,
3. 8Sopha.geod hiabuy CT-lb)
NC (H8)
3. forUmm
tham ottin, tha diaphroqm,
tt is locaBed bchind', athex Vertebra
&ncdosed by th, 19 h thoraut
t is
the tio Cura 8 the mudial
mediol cruuct
-ouncite igameni.
* Shuctues posSing through iit
1. Aorta
, Thoratic cluct.o
3. A3yqoUS Vein.
he diaphloga
+ Becouse hese Sruckoug Coe loted behindontracteh
thay ore not Compressed by its
esophagta blatugt
'sF is Slighhy legt o} miclline. lertebra.
&aclosed lies at eel o, Tie
 1- 88ophagus unles
a Rrght &ley Vagol
bronches qaSiric Vetely.
phgeol
Eto Lqarrnunt
Phrunc Gephgcal Lgamnt. abdominol Catuy through
6 byajibroclati
Cornmunitotien bleu ihrocic %
* hialy i8 Sealed
esophageol ophqtal ligámnent
mimbrone the phreno8S
his iSa lamina
Venat Caval opering is lootd
ala at he in the
he înlcrior \Wena micline.
Gh.opertuou 7or o the
Eh the mght Bic
Cenhal kndon the I ertebra.
Jevel o

pases fhvough hi opening.

5Rrght phrunic rénde also
Small cgeniogs indhpho 'hiamgle lsyace o toTTey:
0. Sierno-coltad
otal
gobblao suerior Gorgoshrc Vetsdy
ansniky the hen it is Called
i Enlogd
tha mucial asuuat lgan
. Tht Symmhu tounk liebhiid He laba
clegtemdy behind.
3. Subosll ne i-
4. splanchnic neTIe
S ledt phrenic nerve
Relatten and pericasidim , Corneg
iCovered
Soyoce by pleuoa
"prr
in ontact toith wng ard hart
 paitoncum &
Con ver kcd by acherent
Spleen
lier. SlomachG hec.Ogany
Telated Jo diaphragm omd
Gusphrenic Spaces blew ahdntg.
Suprabenal gland
wlowvrpayt:-
C h d rPhrenic
adbominal Suayace by Pyrta.
adbomind
3»chie, Suply fom 7S}Branch
pom thorou, Ooata
9. Supevir phrenic
atexy
0 musunophyenit 091oy
3. Bronch ol aonteries
LowesbpostCriorîc
4. Veins.
one inrioN phtenic
veing? most împ endgînthe
intovcliei
Right doaing
Suplarenalor-lejtrendvein.
NerMe Supply
Motor
by tio phric
piertes the diaphaqm and Suppleg.
Each ntr ue
* abdornnel Snyae
arta. Sppled by
ay phrenic
larqe
Sto8ry A Cpain reed to cential root nek

nrvea
and Should
9rs pheiphesal pavt by interostal NS
Acon*painupalmsle 1gpnahion.
abdonical piSSuone
Rise inha- esophagtl
(onSthict he
* also inprotien.
optningclann9
dinicJ (ongenital cliaphrogmatii hernia.
o, ver
probably bt(ouße o the presen cfoses
pleutopertontal (amal. eoly
the ight
cahile the't Canel prists Longer. the
protusion ol a 8hudwey through
Hialug hernía is #he
esophagtal, hiohuy o the diaphogm Somach Slides ipunndy.
hernig - Cardiac amd kunduy
slkding esophoqus hadpulled Themip.
vag -Cardia remcuns In abdomn,
TacsoPhageal hernia ballo up inb thorox.
port o7 body
vtthe kundy Ond
 Anatomu D, ang
Ore Stuatd in the thomui
ghe tio ungg Cright Glyt)
he mediaStinum
Caiky. one onBiter Sicle O
Snclose. in the pleo Sac
Condel IPyromidal Shaped eoih #s
* Each ung is longe
diophvogm armd ut
ot at
opti. Extn ding
baße estng on the
bo8e
into the Root o the nek.
iand heayier .Hon thu uyt dung
ahe Rrght ung is Jonger. ésog
ung eoeight oboat Yeug &lyt lung
*ahe right
ntwBorn baby the 'lungs ane roßy pink in (dah.
fn black in color due o
Dr
fnhaled -clrbonpastcles. textue and Crepitate
one sonqy
Spongg in
în the adulty- thu lungs presene
pregenie q am n theiy aveoli
touch due to thé
o< adult in eoater

jehy thu. lungs cru Golid do

&
* n Stillboxn injao13 und
touch due to he absente cuh in
not Crepifata on
alve oli. They Sink in eoao.
their

pre&ents he jolaoing kotay.

Euch lung
Baße
borders(antevior. polkor &inrion)
Three media),
Ccostal &
Tuo Snjoes.
Sicle Deteonmaiern
* îhe conial Bnd o op cloeoneardy.
* The broacder baße is diredd
 Qhe ConNex Bujate or(OStel Soate is ouluady amd
Comes tn ContacY eoith Siblagk.
he medial Suoyae pesenting hlum is dreted inoordy
borden &o Pt should e
As thin Margin He amierior
marqin s sHe anterior
Sde Should aebacknnsy
* Carcha nokh pregtnt n e
bovder (S roumcled omd haytio
The polerior thre lobeS and the byt Lung
Jhe Shiqht ungs has

apeuis ie. roundedl blunt 6uperior &nd oj ihe

ha lung.
The
y

ît &Hends into the root o< fhe neck

lie8 abut tom Sucesior to tte antaior end
* The Summit
the 1S+ Shb and 9:5m aboVe th medial 8nd o
Cavde.
o jsr
S das not &xtemd abole the ntckupraplutal mumbrnt,
Covered by (rvide plaua to the
l i8 Strucy uloded to the opaaru
All he Spopleuta mermbrame.

Supropleuorl, mmbrane
to the
Relaiers
Anterior'neubcloviam cotery.:
atit any
iHerna tor anteri0r.
îngerlioD o, Scolemuy
3. Subclavian
grooVed by
Apes is
hedial &ide and on he pont
ntsy on te
 PoBterio
19+ 1b & Shutaoy in kkont
Aprz ig in Contact eoi th neck of
Cmedial to lateral)dse:
it 3, Sympathetic Chain
Postrior in tercostal Vein.
2- FirSt intacostal artesy
3. Soyeniva ramy ol fs+ Horaic nerue
H ventral
medial Relatieo e, ARex.
Right ung:
4. Right brachio- cephalic \ein
unk
O. brachio - Cephali phrenic Vessels
ando -
3. Right peri
phreníc nrve
4: Right
S. achea.
Cephaic Vein
-
L.Le<t brachio antery
a. LEh+ -Subclaviam
edlge o o esphagus
3.Let cluct
shoracic
Baße 15 Senlunar in Shope &
•he
Contale. Susjae diaphagm» hene -it iBalye
IF eS1s onhe done o< he
called.
clggbegnatiS mor on Tight
Sicle
Concavity
On the Righ sde
'The Lug9 is eporatad fsom theTight lobe q ler
He Origbt domt ohe cliaphrdgm.
on. he Sicle

undy Oba `tomath

duopmrogm by tu le7t clome o
 Rletiong okeask
Gordess
1. Anierior borcler
2, poSteriox borcler posterior
3. njerior bordtr Shortrthan the
thin &
AnitriorborcleT is
border. round.
and
pesteviorborclesisthick.
choracterhcs -ol onleiOT: sent a eoid1
bovclts-o le7t lung pae
The antenQrthe leel oluh(oßl.CaTilaqe euhich.
Cavdiac ntch belose. pevicarium,
hlanrt
18 Odupied, lay tha candiac cuallauy
area q
Ttsponsble for annotch, Supeiliial.
3
t preskb a tongue-Shaped
Belous the ad1ac
proechen (alled
Calkd inqula
poßBevior boycder
rt is thick& 1ound. and Separats.
border Ct i8 Sornilunar in Shop

medicl Sdhate wther chvded înto &

&uolaa. i3
olmediabtinal port.
A. Antrior port.
posterior 0l yertbral
B.
 dist.iastinum. med
Shuduoy Jhe
ol diashocl
heSsjaie heol
menelahong
lungß tico
amcl ls, vesse blood
nerve. Struhsus
hect.qreat aySuuh is î
Stinal media gualatedto
meelastinal
past he
a
hlum. presends
-splamchrnic lester ereater&
nerveg posterior -
vessel,intertostal
e uppr-lo The O
horaic
bodug ertbral Veatbel
pasts Veilbrol The
Relalions
part
poont etbral postrior Small
tid antriot lamge
part,ast: o
to inlduide is it
&uaeww medial
Scpdo in
mibs lo
line úper I3.
Gxillog md inribs Y
Gribef Ai
lnliane
mrdclavicalor in uper
line.
ibS- numbero h
his Tlatedo Relations
pluha& ostal Covestd
bs
th tig 1
eclothoraic
asia. Smoh. larqt. is ?t
Convex. dhdl
Suoate (OStal
 Impaeion uhich the Sructoy
tF iS he non - plenal.
*
&nder or Jaue tht lung hosus.Sone
liqament (on8st o Oaeolar
*palmory brardkal tay pulmratuy
bronchial
and areboRy
lymphai, forchtion",
pondes ckad Gyaxe retun.
# intreoed VenouS
afthe tme Ol
above cloeoneocrdy
x rom.
Otpartomial.
Right Sicde bronchus
palmonany bronhug
yportevidl

Sicl?
palmorany ontby
2

Lungt
Relations
Antuior: ligamet.
phrenic nrue pulnonory
Anlerior-pulmonog- exug
Superor Vera. Catu lon Right Sicu Cnli)
otteior: Vaqus meve
pesleior puirnaryphsug
"DeseenclingthovouG Qorta.
Supavios*Arch ef 632008 \Vein
xArch ob Qorta.
 clinical Anaony
ronchostepe'e:ig an inStrumed bor visuiaing.
inkeior o7 brnch; by poing it jum
mouth to heha.

Bronchal ASHhyne. -Du o Brorch osçoSm.

Lung3 (i3gues Lobes
3lobes-upper.rniddle .and louo
dicded into
uppes & looer by oblique.
lung>dide d into 9dobes.
S te<t Erupt at klum
into thiduney ol bungs, posteTiDE.
Soe cut ig mgre
6obique utL as- ldoe
yper &micllle.lobe more
amterior .

niddle Jtbe 7om ppet

`epasath otdge Shaped
Jobe.
Rlou Candac notch

Colhd, ingale
împaisSion on mediaslinal Sajple:
ungS - ofophaqus
Bughi
Inachea- Right Vaqu& meue.
Right phoxnic neGule.
bRrght bnatotepheli in
 iolerior Vena Cava
Wilum.
UmpresSion o% rght ataum
Jyt umgs - oeSophaqu&. -thorouc ciuct
'ntaent layngal
TTeche
le<t phrenc
\egus
DeSencing thoraßic aortarott
trun
agxtaoS
Hilum! Lelt Ventride
Tnpoeenl

orcabov
 mediagium intermediamidelle Couita
mediagliowm ws Lotin
+1t is the midelle Satt let in thorati Cauy in betioten Kang8
tontunt is heont tn he middle patt injior
+ MoSt irnportont
nediagtym
BoundaniS
Atatorlg: Strnum
Potero'g Vartebral dumn
Suwonlg ghoratic inlet

-on Each Srde: Med iaStinal pluoa 4ofio

chvided iob Supio
DUiSions. Meciaainum ts
mediaslium. mrddlle
pStrior TioY mediaShnan
uelior mediaShinum is &patated om anor
ly'a imagne plant.
mediastinumchided into-3 Middle
Ihjer- posr "CBehindipericrdi)
fats by puicaadium
Skrnal< lobe
Jmagine plan Ls lrom
cliica dep (ericad
tcbral laytrol
* preverExtunls to’
to Suptior mediodinum
EXtends
petocheal losual SuseinbrA
bley etrachea 6 prvertlbral
alyo 8xhendy nck,ngechon
endy to neck. rechon
Jayer-(an Spitad in Supmudiostinum ’ thiough ith
poserior medialinen
 Brochielvein.
Sugply sload.
bedl tojined Can v Y
injeaior
lobe Segtmuto Supesior
(ogh) Seqmut poserios Apica vanitiÝn
*Supplby
cd
bronchi iorry tor
Brocopulroonory
Segroun
(eligcl8 loblet day Thn
Ione tissu: lial Gpithe 9
veli
Alautonortneave y Contle Smooth
Alvelor
Sac eay maintain muscle'ecarilaqe- O
o
ardunn Cortage yal ine
clutAlvelor Struhue
iol
rsotoxybronch Lobeg into ded divi
nlorreoing Sub s
wy
Zesminal
bor
mengitang
ychi Tonchu La<t QJ
onch SLoodng (Loberg lobe8 " "3
întocutded Sub y
Lobes
bronch Primary
Verhcal morShortery.
e oider
SUOnche bronchu: Right L
oo ckd cli bra \Verte
 cdinical anlvny
2uberculoss.
CohinA Rrgh S6

mose vérh compore e7f

Iryeehorn more. grout
c
Sechatien.Rrght grouy oon,
ina More

Relaion to pumoncty iiny ) xoch qpalrsona

ACompany te Bxon chi
Rky ig DoRsol(tnhal to the Bronc
i0huy Ruh Seqmt Hay Hhe ik otsn.
sptratu Aricry
Re lation to pulmorany Voin: pumonayy Vun Dogt
Com pamy
ahe Bionchi or plrm onagy ttu
pumono
plany
in înterse gm entalthan
.eah Skqment hay move
VeunDhn
ie vein 8 fach
more than One Segm tnt.
) ear the Hium. Vun 0he ven tro me dial to

Bronchey
 12

a90chea
ntocuion
tibe
artilagenouy
ws eoind pipe.
wS Gto Ts Vertebsa.
w) Lungth lo-|Um diama
9amSeverSe
u &atetal diameBes aum.
male -gum
tema -sum
AnteropoSter or dioman -|-6Um
menal iamekes : puber ty - 19 nm.

Relation
nlumber o ting l6-3o injor:-aio Brohi

Anterioy: thmuy thyroid

gland Arch o Aota.
O posterior-oesophoqu
giruhure lateral- lng. Lot oj tyrod
hlagtbyalong)
:Shaptd--caa
muto->nnr Jayes colurnnar choted &pithdium.
jied Colurndr ahated
PSudo Shbdlied
Sub muoBamicdl JnyerHSsue t Smooth mule
Axeolor onnecive hBus
qibrous &lashc
9pbrous |ayes out Jaytr
Blood Supply
-5 nyerior hytold ontey
ngeior dhjrord Vein
 >brachiotephalia ein.
pebacheal node.
partatrachea) node

Jet Vequy nene

Reunsent argeor ntne
46s thoaic Spin herve.

Jae Saling
Saling emcoigeng gprerat.
Juhia Sto ny: e isis Je
in
madu opening mad
uhure ay orHCiCra
obRruttenCot by
by qlotte duu to joughin
bocy in the laun oamy ugon.
nchldhem do dotchiskomy drg. pahologic
be Comput due to oy
guchan may
bale
ghis Cau dypnia, oyun (autg isky \Uoic

oo
 pleusa
mermbame - imtd cby meio theluum
> Pluha is a Seroua med'iaStinum
9a plua Sac, 1um gither Side h
5uter lags is panietal plenÝa
-layer is viseral os pdrmonary pleuoa
’ 3mes &ither aoUn dhilum Lumgg
&ah
eoitth
Spleuha Continue
Jblespleuoal caurity plata. tf
iSteral'e parictal
parietal.
viSesal mesodron
velopment splemoplonic mesodkrm So mato pleuoic
eDall,
Line thoga cic
po Sition Line &uogote q lung mediag tirum. Gcdiap hagm
indudind he tiyug
ahora ic meeg.
NerVe
Sympathetic Ves om
Ta-Ts ganglia
orasympathetiu fam [Somotu)
Veguy meue
CAaloromy Sensi tVe to pain
Benstiiy ngenüilve to pain Soter ostal &perikardo
Br achial vesse ls phrsenic Vey
Blod Sulyi
clSaun Qachecbionchial 3ntera Coslal L
- agl LN
19
viSTal plua Lungs rupl
bilum uhese Vt Contihue eoith paitod pleura.
Rromly odhesert to the dungs Can not be Sparsaled.
parietal luwsa phicker tham \iserad pleuna.Subdieid
into
 Diophra qmai

Recoley c pleura
ahee oTe Deesef o porietal pleoa
gYungs do &upand duing tnspinho
to
sact s rerue Spate
CoStomediaShnal LeSS
antenosly behind Sternum and astal Cartilage
5le
5 Bl costal bnd mesto Sinal pleuoa layt ung nth
pnkadosly in ulaion s Casdiac
byior mosgion lungs Bten duning gut
led up
bseolthing
onby Cuious-gionq Cordiac 0okh
(ostocliaphogmahc Teeti (ostadl chaphra.gnata
and pluoa.
tnjetiouly,blte.
5 le ’ Sèm & ternd ram 8 o ribd midal line
thiy 7ecuy duoing intpnatia
ungs Bxpond KtoPiratien
nup by
led ng onlyin-’Epi
So theye ave abuioS not in dep intpiratuen
5
clinical natomy
DASpnaion Aspraion (uid om plaad arity
Called pohatenteiy Thora (e
in the gh in krcostal Sae. in the
mid axillang ine
Dpleury' nlamatioo pleua plarnl