European Journal of Innovation in Nonformal Education (EJINE)
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Climate Change in Pakistan: Govt Efforts to Reduce the Climat Change Threats
Iqrar Hussain Mari
Email: iqrarmari@gmail.com
Zahid Hussain
Email: Zahidmeer395@gmail.com
Business Administration
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University,Shaheed Benazirabad
ABSTRACT
RTICLE INFO
The blooming climate change crisis is one of the biggest challenges facing the world Article history:
today.Climate change affects human life as well as the economy,with everyone from Received 25 September 2021
Received in revised form 18 October 2021
multinational and national organizations and individuals having to take action to meet the Accepted 01 November 2021
oncoming threat.population growth,floods,reduced agricultural productivity,increasing
urbanisation, increased variability of water availability,sea water incursion,increased costal Keywords: climate change,
erosion,rising pressure on resources and a continuously growing global economy are making pakistan government,
this task both more difficult and more essential.This current study contributes to focusing on Global warming, threats.
the reality of climate change in pakistan,and government contributions or efforts to face the
global climate threats.
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Introduction:
Climate change has potentially far-reaching consequences that impact not only the economy but
also many other enviromental and social aspects of life. Climate Change is generally accept as the
specifically challenge of our age surface humankind with extreme global environmental, economically
and security connections. Pakistan has faced extreme weather events such as catastrophic
floods,droughts,and cyclones in recent years that have killed and displaced thousands,destroyed
livelihoods and damaged infrastucture.The super flood of 2010 alone, for example, killed 1,600 people,
overflow an 38,600 square kilometers area.Similarly, the Karachi heat wave in June 2015 show to the
death of more than 1,200 people.
Climate change raises the prospect that these and other natural hazards will increase in frequencu
and severity in the oncoming decades- According to German Watch;That Pakistan is one of the top 10
countries who are most vuluerable to thw effects of climate change.Global Climate Risk Index shows
annual report for 2020, Pakistan has lost 0.53 percent per unit GDP, suffered economic deprivation US$
3792.52 million and observe 152 weather facts from 1999 to 2018. Accordiing to Asian Development
Bank that the socioeconomic costs of environmental degradation are considerable with climate
adaptation needs ranging between $7 billion and $14 billion per year. The government being aware of
the situation is taking consider at policy, administration and operational levels to reduce the distructive
effects of climate change in the Pakistan.
Terminlogy of Climate Change:
Pakistan is currently facing one of the biggest threats it has ever faced,which could not only result
in natural disasters and unlimited suffering for its natives to advanced in the years .but also compromise
our future economic growth.This threat is called "Climate Change".The process of "Climate Change"-
the rising global temperatures,weather conditions across the earth's lands and oceans.
Climate change represents long-term shift on a large scale in the average temperatures and global
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weather patterns including such as temperature,rainfall,humidity,cloudiness and wind patterns.The
climate change has changed throughout its history,in cycles that occur over long periods of time,it is a
natural process.After industrial revolution,the average temperature across the earth was constant at
around 14°C.
Climate change in Pakistan:
Pakistan is most unsafe county in the world to estimate climate change.Pakistan is already
experiencing changes in climate and the impacts of climate change,including lack of water
resources,reduced agricultural yields,unpredictable flooding,erosion in coastal areas,droughts,saturation
of lakes,intense heat waves,varying temperature,rainfalls are additional concerns.With a 21 crore but
going population and dependence on agriculture,Pakistan probably will be serverely impacted by
ongoing climate crisis,global climate change forcast,given immanent unrelibility,specify some changes
in pakistan's later climate.
In the previous decades=Pakistan's average annual temperature increased by 0.57°C compared to
the south asian regions,the warming is mainly due to increase in winter temperature.In the hyper arid
plains,aid coastal areas and mountain regions in Pakistan,temperature id increased 0.6°C-10°C.Cold
waves decreased in northwestern and southwestern regions,and increased western and northwestern
regions of the Pakistan.In the winter and summer rainfall in the coastal areas,the temperature is decrease
10°C-15°C.The summer rainfall over the monsoon regions of Pakistan temperature is rise of 18°C-
32°C.Humidity decreased in 5% in the Pakistan's largest province Balochistan.The solar radiation in the
south regions of Pakistan is increase 0.5%-0.7%.Cloud cover over central parts of the Pakistan is
decrease 0.9°C in temperature.As a consequence of constant climate change,Pakistan's climate has
become moderately more uncertain and this tendency is predict to persist.
Causes of Climate Change in Pakistan:
The cause of Climate change in Pakistan is effects on the environmental conditions Pakistan.In
addition to increased heat,melting of glaciers in the himalayas mountains regions,increased floods fue
to weather conditions,food and water security,increased health risks,increased extreme level of
population and many other threats cause climate change in Pakistan.70% of GDP in Pakistan depend on
agricultural production.The main sources of agricultural greenhouse gases(GHg) nitrous oxide and
methane.
Nitrous oxide comes from synthetic fertilizers farmyard manure,crop residue mixes after
burning.and methane comes from belching of sheep,goats,cattles and rice cultivation.Pakistan
contributes less then 1% of GhG emissions as compared to the total world.Pakistan's lower economic
conditions and technical resourses is leading elements to assume to the adverse effects of climate change
in Pakistan.between 1999 to 2018, Pakistan 5th most affected country due to climate change.
Methodology:
In this study Presents the research Parameter established to guide development of the standardized
reviews of current adaptation,action of Government of Pakistan.it sets farward definitations,Paragraphs
used in this study,Particularly with respect to the identification,selection and classification of
Programmes and Projects,considered in this study.
Government efforts for reduce Climate change in Pakistan:
(1) Billion Tree Tsunami Program:
Pakistan is extremely capable to expand flexibility of monsoons, decreasing Himalayan glaciers
and excessive events including floods and droughts.The cause and effects of these must be an growth
in food and water insecurity.The Purpose of this programme is to action the hurtful effects of global
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warming. This is an comprehensive Plan cover all the provinces including Azad jamu Kashmir and Gilgit
baltistan with provincial budgetary share. Billion tree Porject is also affect a general applied approach
between provincial and federal forestry depts across the Pakistan.Billion Tree Tsunami project are key
to preventing, halting and reversing the degradation of ecosystems on every continent and in every
ocean.The Ten Billion Tree Tsunami is not only serving accomplish ailing ecosystems and upgrade
natural wealth; it is also aid other livelihoods. The project is anticipate to stimulate employment for
about 85,000 daily wagers. Addiing in Pakistan’s protected regions advantage will create about 7000
long term jobs.
(2)Seasonal Tree Planting Campaigns
Seasonal tree plantation campaigns are held each year. The government departments, private sector
organizations, defense organizations and NGOs were involved in planting activities during the year.
(3) Clean and Green programme
Government of Pakistan launched the Clean Green Pakistan Program.The aim of this Project is to
maintain cleanliness and to save enviroment from different air Pollution to resist diseases,Protects and
care for the enviroment by engaging the community in leading an enviromentally conscious lifestyle.It
is responsiblity of everyone who focuses on behavioural change to create demend for better enviromental
services.
(4) Citizen Engagement Programme:
Government launched citizen engagement Programme tittled as "Clean Green Champions"where
people can register themselves as champion and share their voluntary or willing activities under five
elements of Clean Green Pakistan.Such as,Safe water,Hygiene &Liquid waste
management,Plantation,Safe Sanitation,Solid waste management.This programme will come in ahead
to lead 3 types of activities.First, increase essential services on a self-help basics like water
supply,sanitation and solid waste collection etc,2nd, helping the local government to deliver essential
services and handing citizen's complaints,3rd, awareness-raising for encourage the real change in
community behaviour towards the environment.
(5) Participation in Reducing Emisdions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
(REDD+)
This proposal is being implemented in Pakistan in july 2015 with a grant of 3.8 million.Pakistan
was also awarded the grant through a competitive process of forest carbon partnership facility of the
World Bank.Onn 9th National steering committee meeting was held on 6th february 2020 to additional
streamline the implemenation process.The forest reference emission level of Pakistan has been submitted
to the UNFCCC.
(6) Government actions on Plastic Pollution:
Government ban on manufucturing,sale,export,import,storage and usage of plastic bags
regulations.Government introduced different bags made of cotton and other allowed
materials.Government Provide awareness through TV,social media Platforms against hazards of Plastic
bags and their alternatives,and the Provinces and local governments are also working on discouraging
the use of Plastc Products.
(7) Addressing Persistent Organic Pollutants:
It is global threat to human health and the environment."Comprenshive Reduction and Elimination
of Presistent Organic Pollutants in Pakistan" programme was started in 2015 with the support of UNDP
in Pakistan. The main objective of this Programme is to reduce human health and environmental risks
by enhancing management capacities and disposal of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Pakistan.
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(8) Pakistan's National Drought Plan:
This Plan is designed to support countries in developing their national action Plans in order to
enhance the resilience to drought,a national consultant of Pakistan has been selected by the global
mechanism team of the UNCCP to Prepare a comprehensive national action Plan.
(9) Declaration of marine Protected areas.
This program was been declared in june 2017.Astola island was the first marine Protected area of
Pakistan,and other Potential sites like Mianihorr,Churna island are the Process to be declaref as marine
Protected areas.
(10) National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan:
This Plan has been approved in Nov 2018 and is widely disseminated and is under implemention
with the Provinces.This Plan has been alligned with SDGs 2030.
(11) Pakistan Govt Cooperation with SAARC on Enviromental threats:
Government of Pakistan cooperate with SAARC on enviromental threats in south asia including
Pakistan for adoption of eco-friendly approaches and technologes,regional programmes for rising
awareness through social media Platforms and publicity campaigns to highlights the threats of climate
change.
(12) Infrastuctural development:
Water has a central role to Play in the world converting to the interchange of climate and its
effects.Pakistan's GDP 70% depend on agricultural Production,water is nessesory for agricultural
system,Pakistan face many water storage crisis.Dams are necessory for storage the capacity of water in
Pakistan.dams will provide regulated flow-down the indus deltaic areas to reverse sea intrusion and help
in ecological anticipation and saving and livelihood of local inhabitants.Government of Pakistan start
many dam construction Projects like Nai Gaj dam,Diamer-Basha dam,kurram Tagi dam,Dawarat dam
and Naulong dam.
Conclusion:
Pakistan would be consider as one of the most affected countries by climate change. climate
change would persude critical water stress, and Pakistan will accept food insecurity through reduce
agricultural production. Pakistan's vulnerability to climate change is driven by a combination of factors
that reduce the adaptive capacity of its governments,local organizations and people.The most prominent
of these factors are the weak governance capacity, country's demographic patterns,slowly improving
social conditions and groming levels of environmental degradition.climate change may be expected to
directly and indirectly effect the different sectors of Pakistan like, energy,health,agriculture,and other
sectors.Pakistan government take action at the Provincial level and federal levels that supports adaptation
to the impacts of climate change.
Reference:
1. Pakistan government official document, “Pakistan Vision 2025” Ministry of Planning,
Development & Reform (2015)
2. 19 Conference Proceedings, “Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Considerations For
Hydropower Projects In The Indus Basin” Annual Conference of the International Association
for Impact Assessment, Firenze Fiera Congress & Exhibition Center, Florence, 23 April 2015,
Italy, www.iaia.org
3. 20 Sumera Iqbal , “Building Capacity on Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Areas of
Pakistan” PowerPoint presentation for World Wide Fund for Nature Pakistan, March (2014)
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www.wwfpak.org/ccap/presentations/WWFProfileandClimateChange.ppt
4. National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS). 2009. Proceedings of Green Growth
Workshop in Agriculture. Jan. 2009.
5. OECD. 2006a. Metrics for Assessing the Economic Benefits of Climate Change Policies in
Agriculture. ENV/EPOC/GSP(2006)12.
6. OECD. 2006b. The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Options for Adaptation.
COM/AGR/CA/ENV/EPOC(2006)25.
7. Green Climate Fund (GCF) online Report “Empowering countries” available on
http://www.greenclimate.fund/how-we-work/empowering-countries
8. 24 United Nations Climate Change Conference paper, “21rd Annual , Conference of the Parties
(CoP) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention” Paris, 2015
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