CHAPTER 6: FISHING.

Q What is meant by subsistence fishing?

Ans: Subsistence fishing is done on small scale to fulfill
(meet) family food needs. Traditional wooden sail boats and
nets are used. There is little surplus (extra) fish catch to
earn (make) money.
Q What is commercial fishing?
Ans: Commercial fishing is carried out at large scale, usually
mechanized boats and large nets are used. Fish catch is on
large scale to earn (make) money.
Q Names the types of marine fish caught from coastal areas
of Pakistan.
Ans: Shark, drum, croaker, skates, ray, herring, mackerel,
sardines, shrimps and octopus.
Q Name the fishing tools used for fishing.
Ans: Nets, floats, winches, fishing rods, nylon rope and
hooks.
Q Name the major fish importers of fish from Pakistan.
Ans: Srilanka, China, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, United
Kingdom, U.S.A, Germany and France. These countries
import only marine fish.
Q Name the main fishing months in Pakistan.
Ans: The peak fishing months are October and November for
shrimps. From November to January other types of fish are
caught from sea.
Q Name the largest fishing products of Pakistan.
Ans: Shrimps.
Q Why fishing is not practiced from many to September in
coastal areas?
Ans: Due to rough sea in Monsoon season and restriction
from government due to breeding season.
Q Name the fishing ports of Balochistan.
Ans: Jiwani, Gawadar, Pasni, Ormara and Sonmiani.
Q Why fish is so plentiful in the mangroves of the Indus delta
coast? (4) N2002
Ans: Fish are plentiful in the Indus delta coast because river
Indus brings enough quantity (amount) of fish food.
Mangrove forest provides breeding place for shrimp and fish.
Falling leaves and fruit of mangrove provide nutrients (food)
to fish. The roots of mangrove protect small fish from
predators (big fish). Roots of mangrove also trap nutrients
brought by river.
Q What are uses of fish?
Ans: Fish is source of nutritious (healthy) white meat and
has low cholesterol. Oil extracted (taken out) from fish is
source of nutrition. Fish waste is used to make fertilizer and
poultry feed.
Q why fish catch is more in Sindh coast than Balochistan?
Ans: Sindh coast has many creeks rich in nutrients have
plenty of fish. Sindh coast has wide continental shelf with
shallow water fishing activity is easier. Indus delta along
Sindh coast is rich in nutrients (food) brought by river Indus.
Commercial fishing is common along Sindh coast. Sindh has
better fish processing facility.
Q How fish can be stored and processed?
Ans: (1) Fish can be stored in ice storages or refrigeration
facility. (2) Fish can be salted and dried. (3) Fish can be
packed in canned form after processing. (4) Fish oil can be
extracted from fish and fish meat can be frozen.
Q Compare Gill-netter with traditional sail boat?
Ans: Gill-netter are mechanized boats can travel 50 to 60 km
in sea. It can stay in sea for many days. It has cold storage.
Winches are used to pull long nets. Navigations system,
sonar and wireless system are also equipped (set) in Gill-
netter. Traditional sail boats can travel 3 to 5 KM in sea.
Traditional sail boat has to return before evening, it can
catch little amount of fish used for subsistence fishing.
Q Name fish harbor (ports) located on Sind coast.
Ans: Karachi and Korangi fish port.
Q Describe how marine fishing methods can be improved.
Ans: (1) Boats with engine can go further in sea and can stay
for longer time in sea. (2) Cold storage in boats can keep
fish fresh. (3) Winches in boats can pull long net from sea
along with fish. (4) Sonar can be used to locate fish. (5)
Bigger and stronger nets can catch large quantity of fish. (6)
Radio can be used for communication (contact) in case of
emergency. (7) Fishermen can use modern fishing methods
by education and training. ( 8) Weather forecast can warn
about bad weather.
Q Why fish processing called value added? (1)
Ans: Fish processing increases profit many times.
Q Why weight of marine fish catch has decreased?
Ans: (1) Overfishing has decreased quantity of fish catch in
sea; many types of fish have became extinct. (2) Water
pollution and oil spills have affected fish production. (3) Loss
of breeding areas and shelter due to deforestation of
mangrove forest. (4) Fishing is closed in breeding season. (5)
Fishing on large scale by foreign boats in marine water of
Pakistan. (6) There is a ban on canned fish of Pakistan by
Western countries.
Q How does poor infrastructure of Balochistan is handles in
development of fishing industry?
Ans: (1) Poor roads and no railway line on Makran coast is
hurdle in transport of fish products. (2) There is lack of
electricity supply for processing. (3) Marketing is difficult
due to poor telecommunication system. (4) Lack of training
and education is hurdle in adopting modern fishing methods.
(5) There is lack of clean water for processing.
Q Differentiate between marine and inland fish.
Ans: Marine fishing is done in water sources or reservoirs in
the interiors of the land like rivers and lakes etc.
Q Name the type of inland fish.
Ans: Rahu, Phalla, Thalla, Manaseer, Carp, Trout, Gulfam in
Punjab, carp in Sindh.
Q Name the fishing centers.
Ans: (1) Manchar lake in Dadu (Sindh) (2) Haleji and Kairi
lakes in Thatta (Sindh) (3) Kotri and Sukkur Barrages in
Sindh. (4) Lakes of Mangla and Tarbela dams. (5) Chotiari
dam in Sanghar (Sindh) (6) River Indus and its tributaries.
Q Why more people are employed in inland fisheries?
Ans: (1) More people live near rivers and lakes are busy in
fishing activity. (2) Workers are needed in maintenance of
fish farm. (3)A large number of people are employed in
hatcheries. (4) Workers needed for feeding and catching fish
from fish farm. (5) Workers are employed in transport and
marketing of fish and its products. (6) Government is also
encouraging inland fishing by providing loans and technical
help.
Q What are advantages and disadvantages of developing
fishing industry?
Ans: Advantages: (1) Fish is source of healthy food rich in
protein. (2) It creates employment and increase income of
people. (3) Fishing industry increase exports and make
foreign exchange, e.g. Shrimps are exported to Japan, dried
fish to Middle East and Srilanka. (4) Fishing cause growth of
industries like boat making and fish processing. (6) Fishing
is sustainable and fee source of food.
Disadvantages: (1) There is lack of skilled and trained labor.
(2) Technology used for fishing is costly. (3) There is
problem of overfishing. (4) Canned fish from Pakistan is
banned in western countries. (5) Profit is not large and is
delayed.
Q Define Aqua culture.
Ans: Developing fish farming.
Q Describe fishing methods used in fish farm. (4)
Ans: Pond are prepared, cow dung or fertilizer is kept for
decomposition to increase nutrients. Insects are kept for
fish food. Small fish are brought from hatcheries and kept in
fish farm. Regular feed in provided with poultry waste.
Different species are kept in separate pounds. Health of fish
is checked regularly. Level of water is checked and water is
cleaned. Fish are transferred to ponds according to size.
Fully grown or marketable size are caught by nets and sold
in fish market.
Q What is favorable condition for fish farming?
Ans: Soft mud makes it easier to dug ponds of fish farm.
Nearby canals provide water. Tube well can be used if
electricity is available. If big city is located in nearby then
marketing is easier.
Q Why is fish farming of growing importance in Pakistan?
Ans: Fish farming is importance due to growing demand
(needs) of fish by large population. Fish provide white meat
rich in protein and free of cholesterol. It is believed that fish
form gives more profit. Government encourages (support)
fish farming.
Q What are disadvantages of fish farming?
Ans: In fish farms Sub soil water is pumped out can lower
water table, chemical feed can cause pollution. Fish farming
can cause water logging and salinity.
Q Name the most common fish kept in fish farm.
Ans: Rahu.
QState the three ways in which the fish farm owners can
improve the site of fish farm.
Ans: Separate ponds should be used for different species of
fishponds should be lined with bricks to prevent loss of
water. Trees along bank should be planted for shade. Ponds
should be full of water for healthy growth of fish.
Q What are steps taken by government to promote fishing?
Ans: (1) A.D.B.P (Agricultural development bank of Pakistan)
provides loans to fisher men. (2) Provincial fisheries
department provide technical help. (3) Government has set
up hatcheries to provide small fish to fish farms. (4)
Fisheries training centers are set up to provide training to
fisher men. (5) Cold storages are setup for fish storage. (6)
Processing centers are set up for cleaning, preserving and
packing fish. (7) Government has set up fish ports at Pasni,
Gawader, Korangi and Karachi. Increase of per capita use of
fish. There is increase in type of fishing products.
Government has taken steps to improve socio-economic
conditions of the fishermen's community.
Q Name the sports fish.
Ans: Trout.
Q Describe fishing industry of Makran coast with reference
to methods of fishing, ports and uses of fish caught. (6)
Ans: The Makran coast is about 600 Km in length. It covers
two-third of Pakistan coast. Only one third of marine fish is
caught from Makran coast. Fishing is the main job of people
living along Makran coast. Mostly subsistence fishing is
common. Commercial fishing is also done. Gawadar, Pasni,
Ormara, Sonmiani are the main fishing ports set up along
Makran coast. Herring, mackerel, sardine and shark are
common type of fish caught from here.
Q Name the type of fish caught along Indus Delta.
Ans: Crab, lobster, prawns (jinga) and sardines.
Q What steps are taken by government to develop fishing
industry along Makran coast?
Ans: Government has set up Gawadar and Pasni fish ports
with the help of Asian development bank, ice factories and
cold storages are set up for fish storage. Loading, unloading
and docking facilities are provided.
Q What are advantages and disadvantages of developing fish
processing industries in the ports of Balochistan? (6) 2011
Ans Advantages: (1) Fish processing industry could
stimulate fish industry and port facilities. (2) Processing
industry in ports of Balochistan would reduce transportation
charges of fish because there would be no need to transport
fish to Karachi. There will be no delay in orders.(4) It will
add to value of fish.(5) create jobs for locals will increase
their income and living standard.(6) It will increase
investment and establishment of infrastructure like power,
roads, telecommunication.
Disadvantages: There is lack of infrastructure like road,
power and water. Small market is available in Balochistan.
There is long distance to the main urban centers like
Karachi. There is lack of investment. Canned fish of
Pakistan is ban due to poor quality. Fish Processing can
cause pollution. Climate of Balochistan is unfriendly for fish
processing industry.
Hatchery: an establishment where fish eggs are hatched.
Dhoro: Term used in Sindh for an abandoned river channel. It
is used as fish farm.