PALMR Final Coaching Exam – Atty.

Capili

6. The management function that involves

Situation: A professional nurse is assumed to
update herself about the profession to maintain determining the objectives of an organization and
competence in practice. The nursing management tasks needed to complete objectives is
process is a topic for both staff and head nurses. A. Staffing
B. Directing
1. This major function of the management process C. Planning
establishes formal authority. It defines qualifications D. Controlling
and also includes staffing:
A. Planning 7. Chief Nurse Vera and Nurse Supervisor Victoria
B. Organizing developed a five-year staff development plan. Which
C. Directing type of planning are they engaging in?
D. Controlling A. Strategic planning
B. Operational planning
2. On the other hand, this major function of the C. short range planning
management process actuates efforts towards the D. Visual planning
accomplishment of goals. It includes updating
policies and procedures: 8. Which plans extends from a few months to a
A. Planning year?
B. Organizing A. Strategic planning
C. Directing B. Operational planning
D. Controlling C. Short range planning
D. Visual planning
3. She noticed that policies and standard operating
procedures (SOP’s) are strictly implemented in the 9. Planning, technically, can be considered as long
hospital. What management function is this? term when the coverage ranges:
A. Planning
B. Organizing a. 1-3 years
C. Directing b. 3-5 years
D. Controlling c. 5-7 years
d. 7-10 years
4. Management process involves five functions which
follow the following sequence: 10. The purpose of organizational structure is to:
A. Planning, staffing, organizing, controlling, A. Have a written plan of organizational
directing structure of her governing bodies – NOT a
B. Planning, organizing, directing, staffing, plan
controlling B. Explain to each member the line of authority
C. Organizing, planning, directing, staffing, - Show but not explain
controlling C. Inform all her staff members of the
D. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, philosophy and goals of the institution →
controlling Planning function
D. Provide mechanism through which
POSDC tasks are distributed among members
for goal realization
5. Which of the following statements about
management is true? Rationale: Organizing Structure → in Organizing
A. It focuses on clinical excellence Function → Work distribution
B. It tends to attract people who like quiet,
routine work without interruptions 11. When giving responsibilities to the staff members
C. It focuses on issues such as cost, she should consider the following:
productivity, effectiveness, and staffing A. Job description
D. It is synonymous with leadership B. Abilities of the staff – Strength only
C. Preference of the staff
D. Her own decision
 C. A 4-year-old with VSD following cardiac
Rationale: Delegate both strength and
weaknesses catheterization
D. A 5-month-old with Kawasaki disease

Situation: Jun is the new supervisor of the

Rationale: 4 pointers of Delegation
medical-surgical unit with 40 bed capacity.
1. Licensed
2. Telemetry to pedia ward
12. A critical component of the supervisory process is 3. Licensed → Balikan Ward na
delegation. Which of the following is the most pinanggalingan at alamin ang ginagawa
empowering to the staff? dun → telemetry → daily cardiac
monitoring
4. Condition → look for cardiac patients
A. Delegation starts at top management - X A. 9-year-old child diagnosed with rheumatic fever
B. Delegation frees the manager to do other – CARDIAC PT → ASSIGN
task B. young infant after pyloromyotomy – GI PT →
C. Effective delegation requires the nurse Do not assign
manager to determine the abilities of the C. A 4-year-old with VSD following cardiac
staff - Evaluation and only determines the catheterization → Cardiac Pt → ASSIGN
abilities D. A 5-month-old with Kawasaki disease → Cardiac
D. Delegation enables the staff to improve Pt → Assign
competence and confidence
15. The registered nurse is planning to delegate
Rationale: Letter C is in under evaluation function tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which
and only determines the abilities. Dapat both of the following task could the registered nurse
strength and weakness safely assigned to a UAP?

13. Which task can be delegated to the nursing aid A. Monitor the I&O of a comatose toddler client
when the patient is stable? with salicylate poisoning – Complicated
B. Perform a complete bed bath on a 2-year-old
A. Administering tap water enema with multiple injuries from a serious fall -
B. Incorporating potassium chloride Complicated
intravenously – Licensed C. Check the IV of a preschooler with Kawasaki
C. Teaching patient to administer insulin – disease – Complicated needs strict monitoring
Licensed → RNs: Health education / teaching of I & O
D. Taking CVP D. Give an oatmeal bath to an infant with
eczema – bed baths
Rationale: 4 pointers of Delegation
1. Consider the position → if Licensed or not Rationale: 4 pointers of Delegation
2. Ward → know where she came from and 1. Not licensed
san pupunta 2. Skip the ward, since not licensed
3. Capabilities of the staff → which will 3. Unlicensed → Simple tasks
depend on the staff 4. Unstable patient
4. Condition of the patient

In the situation 16. A nurse in charge in the pediatric unit is absent.

1. Not licensed The nurse manager decided to assign the nurse in
2. Skip the ward, since not licensed the obstetrics unit to the pediatrics unit. Which of
3. Unlicensed → Simple tasks the following patients could the nurse manager
4. Stable patient safely assign to the float nurse?
TIP: We delegate the dirty tasks to your
unlicensed A. A child who had multiple injuries from a
serious vehicle accident
B. A child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and
14. A nurse manager assigned a registered nurse
with cardiac complications – Cardiac – do not
from the telemetry unit to the pediatrics unit. There
assign
were three patients assigned to the RN. Which of
C. A child who has had a nephrectomy for
the following patients should not be assigned to
Wilms’ tumor – Surgery: Removal of kidney
the floated nurse?
→ Location of surgery : abdominal
D. A child receiving an IV chelating therapy for
A. A 9-year-old child diagnosed with rheumatic
lead poisoning → Toxicology
fever
B. A young infant after pyloromyotomy
 Rationale: 4 pointers of Delegation ★ Verbalization of feelings
1. licensed
2. OB to pedia ward TIP: Palmer question, if you see the word ignore -
3. Licensed → OB ward → Pregnant women automatically wrong
with or without complication, post-partum
patient NSD or CS, gyne cases
19. As a medication nurse, you are tasked to give
CS → Surgery → location of surgery → digoxin to a patient with arrhythmia. You noticed
abdominal that the heart rate is 40 beats per minute and the
potassium level is below normal. The physician
17. As the supervisor, you plan to implement change orders digoxin STAT. An assertive response of the
in the nursing unit from team nursing to primary nurse should be:
nursing. You anticipate that there will be resistance
to change. In order to avoid such, which of the A. “I think we have first to monitor the
following should be done? patient’s cardiac rate before giving the
A. Determine the need for change – the problem drug.”
is already given no need to determine need B. “I don’t want to carry out your order”
for chainge C. “Don’t you know the precaution for giving this
B. Confront the staff individually – should be drug?”
group D. “Yes doctor. I will give it right now.”
C. Develop the change one step at a time
D. Use coercion to implement change – X Rationale:
Styles of direction giving
Rationale: ★ ASSERTIVENESS - hindi mayabang mag utos
Problem-Solving → Change Process: & dapat therapeutic
1. Perceive the need for change
2. Initiate a group interaction – bring the
group together ★ – Key to problem solving 20. Determining the standard of the institution is one
➔ The key – the group: need their of the concerns in controlling. When the institution
acceptance, support has reached the minimum level of excellence, it
➔ Meeting – planning : find the best should:
solution
3. Implement the plan, one step at a time / A. Be contented on the result of the evaluation
gradually
B. Do something to improve the standard
4. Evaluate the overall results
➔ go back to the 2 aspects of directing C. Help maintain the standard of the institution
● Technical D. Publish the result to the publication
● Interpersonal
Rationale:
TIP: if you see coercion, application of force,
intimidation → automatically wrong answer Controlling
– Evaluating / Reviewing / Checking / Determining
/ Comparing
18.The supervisor has implemented to change. A
4 Basic Steps
nurse aide seems to be resistant to the change.
1. Develop standards and criteria - basis of
Which of the following should be done?
evaluation
A. Ignore the resistance
★ Basta controlling, evaluation → ang sagot ay
B. Utilize coercion
always STANDARD
C. Give reward to the nursing assistant
3 Types of Standards (SPO)
D. Talk to the nurse assistant and
Structure - facilities, equipments, materials and
encourage verbalization of feelings –
management system (Manager)
Interpersonal problem – verbalization
Process - includes plans and procedures (Nurse)
Outcome - results
Rationale:
2 aspects of Directing 2. Determine compliance to standard and
Technical - use of tasks, procedures, materials criteria
and equipments 2 Types of Evaluation
○ Problems with technical, hanapin mo sa board
Nursing audit - patient focused
exam:
★ show, teach, demonstrate, supervise, do / ● concurrent – record immediately
perform the procedure with the nurse ● retrospective - patient’s chart
Performance appraisal - staff focused
Interpersonal - attitude, behaviors and styles of ● informal - incidental
direction
 B. Use a problem-solving strategy – General
● formal - systematic
answer
C. Gain early support from staff – Specific
3. Identify Strengths and Weaknesses
answer
● should be both
D. Conduct staff re-education – will not solve the
problem
4. Act to reinforce strengths and to take
corrective actions on the weaknesses
● go back to the 2 aspects of directing Rationale:
Problem-Solving → Change Process:
TIP: If there are two options in the board exam 1. Perceive the need for change
2. Initiate a group interaction – bring the
that appears to have the same meaning, both of
group together ★ – Key to problem solving
them are wrong answers ➔ The key – the group: need their
acceptance, support
21. When conducting nursing audit, the following ➔ Meeting – planning : find the best
solution
must be considered EXCEPT:
3. Implement the plan, one step at a time /
A. Outcome gradually
B. Quality 4. Evaluate the overall results
C. Process ➔ go back to the 2 aspects of directing
D. Structure ● Technical → show / demonstrate
● Interpersonal → verbalization
Rationale:
3 Types of Standards (SPO)
● Structure - facilities, equipments, 25. This is a factor influencing acceptance of staff for
materials and management system change:
(Manager) A. Externally imposed - X
● Process - includes plans and procedures B. Share its benefits - X
(Nurse) C. Staff participants - Kasama mo naman na ang
● Outcome - results staff, the question ask what influences the
acceptance
D. Planned ahead
22. The most effective way in conducting the
nursing audit is to: Rationale:
A. Evaluate the records of the patient Problem-Solving → Change Process:
1. Perceive the need for change
B. Determine the job description of the staff
2. Initiate a group interaction – bring the
C. Evaluate staffing patternS group together ★ – Key to problem solving
D. Determine job performance ➔ The key – the group: need their
acceptance, support
Rationale:
➔ Meeting – Planning : find the best
2 Types of Evaluation
solution
Nursing audit - patient focused 3. Implement the plan, one step at a time /
Performance appraisal - staff focused gradually
4. Evaluate the overall results
➔ go back to the 2 aspects of directing
Situation: As a nurse in charge, you noted that a ● Technical → show / demonstrate
lot of confusion occurs in your unit due to some ● Interpersonal → verbalization
disorganization. You decided to improve work
performance.
26. These are important qualities of a change agent
except:
23. A deliberate course of action that results in A. Leadership skills ✓
alteration of something different in a nursing unit is B. Sociability
referred to as: C. Credibility ✓
A. Change management D. Management skills ✓
B. Nursing care Systems
C. Specialty certification 27. Having to deal with a lot of people, the nurse
D. Nursing process manager’s most important communication skill is
which of the following?
24. When resistance threatens needed change, what A. Questioning
important measure would you use to overcome the B. Assertiveness – only be used if you can talk
resistance? to your staff (sending direct messages)
A. Send a memorandum of change – letter – C. Affirmation
abrupt, should be gradual D. Listening
 32. An operational budget is a financial tool that
Rationale:
Best skill – Listening outlines anticipated revenue and expenses over a
Best style – assertiveness specified period. Which of the following are incorrect
regarding budget?
A. The budget translates operational plans into
28. An old ventilator often malfunctions and has
financial and statistical terms so that income
inefficiencies resulting from the speed of the
can be projected with associated costs
equipment or downtime (amount of time it is out of
B. Budget serve as standards to plan,
service for repairs). The organization decided to
monitor, and evaluate the performance
purchase new technology because the old one is too
of a health care system
expensive to maintain. What type of budget is
C. Budget account for the relationship of income
allotted for the equipment?
to the expenses needed to deliver the
A. Operational budget
services
B. Capital Budget - long term-use
D. All of the above
C. Construction budget - included in capital
budget
D. Any of the above Rationale:
Tip: If you see all of the above in the board exam
it is 80% the answer

Rationale:
Budget 33. Which among the following is the purpose of
Focus: Revenues and expeneses or income and monitoring a budget?
costs
1. Capital budget - long - term use A. Keep expenses above budget
2. Operational - day to day, consumable B. Maintain revenue above the previous year’s
materials, salary of part time workers
budget
3. Personnel - salary of full time workers
C. Ensure revenue is generated monthly
4. Cash - always available, emergency uses
D. Generate revenue and control expenses
within a projected framework

29. A project would need physical expansion of the

hospital so that a mammography unit will be Rationale:
included. However, the Hospital Director suggested Focus of Budget: Revenues and expenses or
income and costs
to include this in 2023 budget planning for reason
● pag isa lang ang lumabas, wrong
that this type of budget is considered in:

A. Operational budget 34. Mr. Cabrido gives strong orders, makes decisions
B. Capital expenditure budget and thinks less of his subordinates. He is a leader
C. Cash budget who is:
D. Flexible budget A. Autocratic - leader-focused
B. Laissez-faire
30. Nurse Laila is the project head for a feeding C. Democratic
program; she requested extra funds in anticipation D. Bureaucratic
for fluctuations in resource needs or meet
contingency expenses. This type of budget is called: Rationale:
STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
A. Operational budget COMMON STYLE
B. Capital expenditure budget ● AUTOCRATIC - leader-focused,
best time to use in emergency
C. Cash budget
● DEMOCRATIC - members have a voice,
D. Flexible budget leader is a facilitator
best time to use: compliance
31. Which of the following is NOT included in the ● LAISSEZ-FAIRE - staff-focused
Operational budget? leader monitors
best time to use: when members are
A. Repairs and maintenance matured
B. Medical/surgical supplies
BUREAUCRATIC - rules and regulations, by the
C. Purchase of a major equipment - Capital book
budget
D. Purchase of consumable materials
35. When the situation calls for compliance of the
followers to ensure the success of the activity, the
best leadership style that Nurse Beng will use is:
 A. Laissez-faire
Rationale:
B. Autocratic Delegation
C. Democratic TECHNICAL - use of tasks, procedures, materials
D. Authoritative and equipments
★ teach, demonstrate, supervise, do / perform the
36. A leader who defers decision making to his or her procedure with the nurse
followers is called what type of leader?
INTERPERSONAL - attitude, behaviors and
A. Laissez-faire - member-focused
styles of direction giving Problems with:
B. Democratic ○ Attitude and Behavior
C. Autocratic ★ Verbalization of feelings
D. Employee-centered
The question has problem with interpersonal –
37. What kind of communication style should a nurse encourage verbalization.
manager possess?
A. Passive 40. Several nurses complain to the nurse manager
B. Assertive that one of the nursing aides constantly takes
C. Aggressive extensive lunch breaks. The nurse manager should:
D. Sarcastic
A. Convene a group meeting of all nursing aides
38. The morning supervisor was visiting the ward to review their responsibilities related to time
when the doctor of a patient complained to her management. – X
about the staff nurse who failed to give the “stat” B. Talk with nursing aide to explore the
medication. Applying the principle of “line of reasons for the behavior and review
authority”, you expected the supervisor to first: expectations
A. Reassure the patient that next time the nurse C. Arrange a meeting with the nurse so they can
will not miss the medication - Lose the trust confront the nursing aide as a group
of the patient D. Document the nursing aide’s behavior and
B. Report the incident to the chief nurse - the place it in the aide’s personnel file – This is
question is about complain okay, if the pt is doing it repeatedly, but this
C. Ask the staff nurse to explain the incident is after you talk to the staff
D. Talk to you as the head nurse about the
doctor’s complaint - Head nurse →
Rationale: Delegation
immediate superior If the problem is between a group → initiate a
group interaction
Rationale:
If the problem is with a staff (1) → talk
Scalar Chain
individually - verbalization
● Reporting relationship – immediate
superior
● Complaint – address the complaint
Situation: As a supervisor you are confronted
immediate superior of the person you are
with several problems arising from various causes
complaining
or reasons. It ranks from Administration – clinical
– personnel, which later resulted to conflict. You
39. You delegate to the nursing assistant the task of tried to find means to resolve it.
taking the client’s vital signs every 2 hours and
recording the vital signs in the patient’s chart. Later 41. You should therefore consider that the following
you check the client’s chart and discover that the means can be utilized in resolving conflict, EXCEPT:
vital signs have not been recorded. What is your
BEST action? A. Making a compromise
B. Reporting - unreliable
A. Take the vital signs because it is not the C. Majority rule
nursing assistant’s scope of practice D. Smoothing
B. Speak to the nursing assistant privately
to determine why the vital signs were 42. When conflicts arise in the unit, the best thing
not recorded that the unit manager should do is:
C. Notify the head nurse A. Discuss with the situation with the
D. Call the nursing assistant to the nurses’ group and make a move to resolve it.
station to reprimand B. Ignore the situation
C. Give warning to staff
D. Recommend shifting of the staff
 47. St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new
Key in problem solving: Initiate a group
interaction Performance Improvement Department. Ms. Valencia
is appointed as the Quality Control Officer. She
commits herself to her new role and plans her
43. Desirable goals for a nurse manager include all of strategies to realize the goals and objectives of the
the following EXCEPT: (-) department. Which of the following is a primary task
that they should perform to have an effective
A. Select a style of leadership that works control system?
best for the individual and to practice it A. Make an interpretation about strengths and
exclusively – Not possible, also not based weaknesses
on individual, it is based on situation B. Identify the values of the department
B. Use a style of leadership that promotes high C. Identify structure, process, outcome
– level work performance - Contingency standards & criteria
Theory D. Measure actual performances
C. Use a style of leadership that creates the
least amount of disruption – Contingency CONTROLLING → Standards
Theory 3 types of Standards: Structure, Process, Outcome
D. Adopt a leadership style that best suits the
task to be accomplished – Contingency
48. Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be
Theory
followed. Among the following standards, which is
considered as a structure standard?
Contingency Theory – a leadership style may or
may not be effective depending on the situation A. The patients verbalized satisfaction of the
nursing care received - Outcome
B. Rotation of duty will be done every four
44. Katherine tells one of the staff, “I don’t have time weeks for all patient - Structure (Manager)
to discuss the matter with you now. See me in my C. All patients shall have their weights taken
office later” when the latter asks if they can talk recorded - Process (Nurse)
about an issue. Which of the following conflict D. Patients shall answer the evaluation form
resolution strategies did she use? before discharge - Outcome
A. Smoothing
B. Compromise
3 Types of Standards (SPO)
C. Avoidance
● Structure - facilities, equipments,
D. Restriction
materials and management system
(Manager)
45. She notes that there is an increasing unrest of
● Process - includes plans and procedures
the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of
(Nurse)
staff. Which action is a priority?
● Outcome - results
A. Evaluate the overall result of the unrest
B. Initiate a group interaction 49. She knows that performance appraisal
C. Develop a plan and implement it consists of all the following activities EXCEPT: (-)
D. Identify external and internal forces.
A. Setting specific standards and activities for
46. Kathleen knows that one of her staff is individual performance. ✓
experiencing burnout. Which of the following is the B. Using agency standards as a guide.✓
best thing for her to do? C. Determine areas of strength and
weaknesses✓
A. Advise her staff to go on vacation. - this is D. Focusing activity on the correction of
okay identified behavior. - only weakness
B. Ignore her observations; it will be resolved
even without intervention
Evaluation → STANDARDS
C. Remind her to show loyalty to the institution.
Performance appraisal - staff focused
D. Let the staff ventilate her feelings and
● informal - incidental
ask how she can be of help.
● formal - systematic

Problem with Interpersonal → Verbalization

50. Which of the following statements is NOT true C. Structure
about performance appraisal? D. Criteria
54. Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards.
A. Informing the staff about the specific Which of the following is NOT a process standard? -
impressions of their work help improve their
performance. – Review Session a. Initial assessment shall be done to all patients
B. A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute within twenty-four hours upon admission. – Process
for a written report - Incidental - Nurse
C. Patients are the best source of b. Informed consent shall be secured prior to any
information regarding personnel invasive procedure – Process - Nurse
appraisal. c. Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior
D. The outcome of performance appraisal rests to discharge from the hospital. – Outcome
primarily with the staff. d. Patient education about their illness and treatment
shall be provided for all patients and their families. -
Process - Nurse
Patients are also a source of performance
appraisal, but they are not the best source
55. Which of the following is evidence that the
● Best source: Observation
controlling process is effective?

51. There are times when Katherine evaluates her a. The things that were planned are done
staff as she makes her daily rounds. Which of the b. Physicians do not complain.
following is NOT a benefit of conducting an informal c. Employees are contended
appraisal? d. There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.
- We do not dependent on satisfaction of patient, our
A. The staff member is observed in a natural basis is STANDARDS
setting.
B. Incidental confrontation and collaboration are
Controlling - Seeing to it that what is planned is
allowed.
done
C. The evaluation is focused on objective
data systematically.
D. The evaluation may provide valid information 56. Nurse Mary is the head nurse and tells Nurse
for compilation of a formal report. Fatima her staff nurse what to do. What kind of
communication is this?
Performance appraisal - staff focused
a. Upward communication
● informal - incidental
b. Downward communication
● formal - systematic
c. Lateral communication
d. Diagonal communication
52. She conducts a 6-month performance review
session with a staff member. Which of the following
Organizational Structures
actions is appropriate?
1. Levels of authority
2. Lines of communication
A. She asks another nurse to attest the session
> Solid line – within the communication
as a witness.
- Vertical communication (patayo)
B. She informs the staff that she may ask
● Upward (from baba) –
another nurse to read the appraisal before
Reporting
the session is over.
● Downward (from taas) –
C. She tells the staff that the session is manager
Delegation
centered. - staff-focused
- Horizontal / Lateral
D. The session is private between the two
● Occurs within the same
members.
position, same department
- Diagonal
Option A, B have the same meaning – Wrong. ● Different departments
Option C states manager-centered but ● OR → DR
Performance appraisal is staff-focused. > Broken line – outside
3. Span of control
53. When she presents the nursing procedures to
be followed, she refers to what type of standards? 57. Nurse Jane is coordinating with the OR
A. Process department for a scheduled surgery of one of her
B. Outcome patients. This kind of communication is?
 62. The nurse revised the system for the delivery of
a. Upward Communication nursing care which is referred to as:
b. Grapevine
c. Diagonal Communication a. Patient Classification system
d. Lateral Communication b. Variable staffing
c. Pattern of nursing care
58. When responsibilities have to be delegated to the d. Scheduling
member, the manager must:
Nursing Care System – system that is used to
a. Ensure that the member is capable of doing
deliver nursing care
the task
Or Modalities of Nursing Care or Patterns of
b. Supervise the new members all the time – X
Nursing Care
c. Perform the task based on the acceptable
standard – X (ikaw na magdelegate ikaw pa gagawa
● Case Nursing or Case Method – total care
XD)
nursing
d. Let the member write an accident report in case of
○ 1:1
mistakes – X
○ Private Duty Nursing
○ Ideal used in the ICU (but not
TIP: If you’re having two thoughts between 2 common practice)
answers, always go back to the problem → ask ● Functional - ​tasks are delegated among
self ano ang hinahanap the staff
○ Act according to function
● Team Nursing – group of nurses assigned
59. He was asked how the staff will be evaluated. He
to a group of patients where in there is a
probably will show them the following EXCEPT:
team leader
○ Team leaders assess the situation
a. Performances Evaluation sheet
b. Performance Checklist and delegates tasks
c. Ranking Device ● Primary Nursing – 24 hour continuous
d. Nursing Audit coordinated comprehensive nursing service
of 5-6 patients from admission to discharge
60. Performance appraisal consists of the following ○ 1:5 or 6 (maximum)
activities, EXCEPT: ○ Primary nurse – kung kanino
naendorse
a. Setting specific standards for individual ○ Associate primary nurse – kapalit ng
performances ✓ primary nurse
b. Determining areas of strength and weakness ✓ ○ Reliever – pag off primary at
c. Focusing the criticisms made for the staff - associate primary
Criticism - Weakness (should be strength and ○ Primary Nurse – responsible for
weakness) creating the NCP
d. Basis of determining progression or ○ Cannot be altered by the associate
deterioration✓ except if there is changes in the
patient’s condition provided that he
will report it to the primary
Situation: Jun just received his appointment ○ Ideal used in the ward
paper as permanent employee. He was told by the
● Modular Nursing – combination of team
head nurse that it was his loyalty, commitment,
competence, and caring attitude that contributed and primary nursing
to his present appointment. ○ Group of nurses assigned to a group
of patients responsible for 24 hours
nursing care
61. Which response describes Jun as an assertive
○ Geographical assignment of
person?
patients
○ Take care of patients or case finding
a. “I am used to this. I am born a winner.” - yabang
○ Used in disasters or crisis
ni lods
● Case Management – utilizing the
b. “I don’t know why I became permanent. Probably
healthcare delivery system wherein the
they like me.” - yabang din ni lods
goals are:
c. “Thank you. I hope I will be able to
○ deliver quality care
contribute to the goals of the department.” ✓
○ to promote the quality of life
d. “I expected this to happen. I know I did my best.”
○ Focus is long term treatment
- HAHAHHA
 b. Functional method
○ Rehabilitation Centers and
c. Team nursing
Psychiatric Facilities
d. Primary nursing
○ to decrease fragmentation
○ Decrease feeling of isolation and to
68. A mother requested for a nurse to take care of
contain cost
her daughter who has systemic lupus erythematosus
○ cost effective
at home. What patient assignment supports this?
○ Utilized in nursing homes

a. Primary
63. A new nursing graduate is attending an agency b. Functional
orientation regarding the nursing model of practice c. Case method
implemented in the facility. The nurse is told that the d. Team nursing
nursing model is team nursing approach. The nurse
understands that planning of care delivery will be
based on which characteristic of this type of nursing 69. You noticed that one of the senior nurses is
model of practice? assigning a patient care based on the concept of
allocation of specific duties to her staff nurses.
a. A task approach method is used to provide care to This would be a characteristic of:
clients – FUNCTIONAL
b. A single registered nurse (RN) is responsible for a. Case method nursing
providing nursing care to a group of clients - b. Primary Nursing
PRIMARY NURSING c. Functional Nursing -PER FUNCTION
c. Managed care concepts and tools are used in d. Team Nursing
providing client care - CASE MANAGEMENT
d. Nursing personnel are led by an RN leader 70. The nurse in the medication unit passes the
in providing care to a group of clients medications for all the clients on the nursing unit.
The head nurse is making rounds with the physician
64. Jun was assigned to take care of 5 to 6 patients and coordinates clients’ activities with other
from admission to discharge. The system is: departments. The nurse assistant changes the bed
lines and answers call lights. A second nurse is
a. Primary nursing assigned for changing wound dressings; a licensed
b. Team nursing practitioner nurse takes vital signs and bathes the
c. Nursing case management clients. This illustrates of what method of nursing
d. Modular nursing care?

65. One of his patients who have a chronic a. Case management method
hypertensive vascular disease asked Jun if he can be b. Primary nursing method
available to take care of her even before admission c. Team method
and even after discharge. What system does the d. Functional method - PER FUNCTION
patient refers to?

Situation: The practice of primary nurse in

a. Case method – 1:1
primary nursing is preferred by many nurses
b. Team nursing because it supports professional autonomy and
c. Nursing case management accountability of the nurses
d. Primary nursing

71. What is the function of the primary nurse in

66. Which pattern of nursing care involves the care
primary nursing?
given by a group of paraprofessional workers led by
a professional nurse who take care of patients with
a. acts as patient advocate and coordinate the health
the same disease conditions and are located
care team for specific group of patients - Registered
geographically near each other?
nurses are the advocate of all patients
b. act as the charge nurse, organizing staff
a. Case method
assignments and help in solving problem in the unit -
b. Nursing case management
not going to act as a charge nurse
c. Modular nursing
c. plans and coordinate the patient care
d. Team nursing
assigned to her from admission to discharge
d. coordinates the care given to a group of patients
67. The most traditional method of nursing care
by support staff
delivery is:

a. Case method – OLDEST METHOD

72. Primary nursing is MOST advantageous and
satisfying to the patient and nurse because of which
Ultimate Goal of nursing research: To improve
of the following principles?
the practice of NURSING
- Client care
a. autonomy and authority for planning care are best
- Patient Care
delegated to a nurse - Nurse lang
- Nursing Care
b. accountability is clearest since our nurse is
- Healthcare
responsible for the overall plan and implementation
of care - Nurse lang
c. the holistic approach provides for a 77. MJ was asked to identify a problem. After the
therapeutic relationship continuity of care and identification of the research problem, which of the
efficient nursing care - Both are involved following should be done
d. continuity of patients care promotes efficient
nursing care. – Patient only will be satisfied a. Methodology
b. Formulate hypothesis
73. Which is the role of the associate nurse in c. Review of related literature
primary nursing? d. Acknowledgement

a. over-all manager of the unit – Head nurse ● Identification of research problem

b. responsible for the over-all care of the ● Review of related literature
patient during off days of primary nurse ● Formulate Hypotheses
c. patient advocate in the health care team ● Methodology (phase 2)
d. coordinator of comprehensive, holistic patient care ● Acknowledgement

74. In primary nursing, the nurse is responsible for

78. Which of the following methods allows the use
which of the following group of patients?
of any group of research subject?
a. the whole ward
a. Snowball
b. small group of patients like 3-5 patients
b. Convenience - readily available
c. big group of patients like 10-15 patients
c. Quota
d. the whole unit
d. Purposive
75. In primary nursing who among the following is
needed to her leadership and quality control in the Non-Probability
ward? - Non-random (may idea)
a. the chief nurse - No everyone has a chance
b. the head nurse 1. Convenience – samples are readily available
c. the nurse supervisor 2. Quota – there is limit
d. the service director 3. Purposive – Judgemental, samples are
handpicked
Situation: MJ is chosen to be a part of the
research team of the hospital and as a researcher 4. Snowball - referrals
she made a review of the following important
nursing concepts was made. Probability
- random (walang idea)
76. As a professional nurse, MJ knows that a nurse - everyone has a chance
can do research for varied reason except:(-) 1. Simple - no grouping, everyone is included
2. Stratified - there is a grouping, has basis,
a. To improve nursing care - ULTIMATE GOAL grouped according to certain characteristics
b. For financial gains 3. Cluster - big grouping but has no basis
c. Professional advancement through research 4. Systematic - kth of the list
participants - PROFESSIONALISM
d. To validate results of new nursing modalities - 79. He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for
RESEARCH AND DECISION MAKING evaluation. Which of the following criteria refers to
the consistency or the ability to yield the same
Importance of Research in Nursing response upon its repeated administration?
● Professionalism - enhance the profession
● Accountability - increase accountability a. Validity
● Social Relevance - contribute to society b. Reliability
● Research and Decision Making c. Sensitivity
d. Objectivity
 #1 characteristic of a sample →
Criteria used to Known Effectivity REPRESENTATIVENESS / REPRESENTATION
Validity - measure what is supposed to be
measured
84. A researcher does review of related literature for
● kung ano man ang gagamitin mo, or yung
the purpose of:
tool is masasagot or iaaddress yung
research problem mo
a. answering the research question - only gives idea
Reliability - consistency or the repeatability of
b. to identify if problem can be replicated - you
the tool
cannot replicate the questions – against novelty
● kahit ilang beses binigay yung tool, same
(newness of idea)
results / same response paren dapat =
c. gathering data about what is already known
Reliable
or unknown about the problem
Sensitivity - able to detect small variations or find
d. determine statistical treatment of data research
differences

Reviewing the related literature (RRL) - to get idea

80. Which criteria refer to the ability of the
and background of the study
instrument to detect fine differences among the
subjects being studied?
85. The device or techniques an investigator employs
a. Sensitivity to collect data is called?
b. Reliability
c. Validity a. Instrument / Tools
d. Objectivity b. Hypothesis
c. Sample
81. Which of the following terms refer to the degree d. Concept
to which an instrument measures what it is supposed
to be measure? 86. The use of another person’s ideas or wordings
a. Validity giving appropriate credit results from inaccurate
b. Reliability attribution of materials to its sources. Which of the
c. Meaningfulness following is referred to when another person’s idea is
d. Sensitivity inappropriate credited as one’s own?

82. If a person participating in a research study a. Paraphrase

refuses to continue participating, what should a b. Quotation
nurse do? c. Assumption
d. Plagiarism
a. Respect his right to refuse
b. Respect his right but tell him you will withhold Assumption - facts generally accepted as true
treatment - only thing that should be withheld is the and correct and need not be tested
procedure done in the research - eto yung tinatanggap ng karamhihan ng
c. Respect his right but do not give his honorarium - tama so hindi na itetest
X
d. Refer the matter to the author of the study - sige
87. A patient is participating in a cardiac study in
sumbong mo sa sarili mo hahaha
which his physician is directly involved. Which
statement by the patient indicates a lack of
Accept but without condition → Participants have understanding about his rights as a research study
their right to determination: AUTONOMY participant? (-)

83. Which among the following is the most important a. “I can withdraw from the study anytime” -✓ Right
characteristic of a sample? to self determination
b. “I’ll have to find a new physician if I don’t
a. Location complete this study” - The treatment and the
b. Randomization research should be separated
c. Representativeness c. “My confidentiality will not be compromised in this
d. Appropriate number study” – ✓Right to confidentiality
d. “I understand the risk associated in this study” -
✓right to Full disclosure
Samples - Representative
88. You decided to include 5 barangays in your
3. Next, Look for manipulation → if may
municipality and chose a sampling method that
binibigay sa subjects →
would get representative samples from each
EXPERIMENTAL - random subjects
barangay. What should be the appropriate method
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL - non-random subjects
for you to use in this care?
4. If there’s no quality census and no manipulation
a. Systematic sampling
DESCRIPTIVE - eto na sagot pag wala na yung
b. Cluster sampling
dalawa
c. Stratified sampling
A. Descriptive - describe
d. Random sampling
B. Descriptive Correlational - relationship
C. Descriptive Comparative - comparison
Is there a grouping? Yes
Barangay - Historical: past issues
→ not a characteristic, - Case Study: case, in depth study
→ A big group - Methodological: methods and procedure
- Analysis: issues and events (present)
89. When a researcher in a qualitative study
chooses the participants based on what they may 92. The independent variable in said study is:
be able to contribute to the study, the sampling a. Social class
method selected is called as: b. Children
c. Age - X
a. Cluster sampling d. Nutritional status
b. Quota sampling
c. Snowball sampling
INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE
d. Purposive sampling - handpicked
1. Identify the population, including all of their
characteristics
90. The information that an investigator collects
2. Identify Sets
from the subjects or participants in a research study
● 2 or more sets - focus on characteristics
is usually called:
that differentiates them, that is
automatically the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
a. Concept
● 1 set only
b. Variable
○ characteristic has no sense
c. Hypothesis
○ GO back to the question
d. Data
○ Ask WHAT IS BEING STUDIED
- FIXED : independent variable
*The information that an investigator assumes from
- VARYING : dependent variable
the subjects or participants in a research study is
usually called → HYPOTHESIS
Tip: all manipulation is automatically the
independent variable
91. Which of the following quantitative research
designs is most appropriate if Noel, a nurse
investigator assigned in a City Health Office, is 93. While the dependent variable is:
interested to determine the relationship between a. Social class
social class and nutritional status of children under 6 b. Children
years of age living in Metro Manila? c. Age
d. Nutritional status
a. Case control - also a study of a case,
b. Descriptive correlational 94. Which is the best tool for data gathering for this
c. Experimental study?
d. Quasi-experimental a. Interview schedule
b. Questionnaire
c. Observation
RESEARCH DESIGN
d. Use of physiologic measurement
1. Look for the opinion→“Quality”/census →
EXPLORATORY / SURVEY
2. Check your options → Tanggalin mo na agad if Basis of nutritional status: BMI
wala ang keywords ng exploratory eliminate kasi You can get it accurately with equipments and
most of the time wala ang exploratory sa gadgets (Physiological measurement)
options
95. The sampling method that is most appropriate to 99. The social class variable includes “education”
give each element of the population the probability with the possible choices given as:
to be included in the study, “Relationship between
social class and nutritional status of children under 6
years of age living in Metro Manila”, is: The above set of choices is an example of what level
of measurement?
a. Simple random sampling - no grouping
b. Systematic sampling a. Nominal
c. Stratified sampling b. Ordinal
d. Cluster sampling c. Interval
d. Ratio
96. Since Metro Manila is a big area for the study,
Noel can do successive random sampling to choose 100. Which of the following studies is based on
the district from where he can eventually select the quantitative research?
study sample. This type of sampling is:
a. A study examining the bereavement process in
a. Simple random sampling spouse or clients with terminal cancer -
b. Systematic sampling QUALITATIVE
c. Stratified sampling b. A study exploring the factors influencing weight
d. Cluster sampling control behavior - QUALITATIVE
c. A study measuring the effects of sleep
deprivation on wound healing - QUANTITATIVE
Is there a grouping? Yes
d. A study examining client’s feelings before, during
District
and after bone marrow aspiration - QUALITATIVE
→ not a characteristic,
→ A big group: Cluster Sampling
Qualitative vs Quantitative
QUANTITY (keyword) - QUANTITATIVE
97. The nutritional status of children in the study,
QUALITY - QUALITATIVE
“Relationship between social class and nutritional
status of children under 6 years of age living in
Metro Manila”, is determined by ‘weight by age’. 101. Which of the following studies is based on
Weight is an example of what level of measurement? qualitative research?

a. Nominal a. A study examining client’s reaction to stress

b. Ordinal after open heart surgery - QUALITATIVE
c. Interval b. A study measuring nutrition and weight loss/gain
d. Ratio in clients with cancer - QUANTITATIVE
c. A study examining oxygen levels after
endotracheal suctioning - QUANTITATIVE
4 Levels of measurement
d. A study measuring differences in blood pressure
1. Nominal - categorical: Name the category
before, during and after the procedure -
Gender, Marital status
QUANTITATIVE
2. Ordinal - categorical: Ranking
Student level grades
102. MJ implemented a medication regimen using a
3. Interval - numerical: 0 is not absolute
new type of combination drugs for manic patients
Temperature
while another group of manic patients will receive
4. Ratio - numerical: 0 is absolute
the routine drugs. The researcher however,
Height, Weight, Weekly food spending
handpicked the experimental group for they are the
clients with multiple episodes of bipolar disorder. MJ
98. The sex of the children included in the study, utilized what research design?
“Relationship between social class and nutritional
status of children under 6 years of age living in a. Experimental
Metro Manila”, will be classified as male and b. Quasi-experimental - non-random
female. This measurement is: c. Descriptive
d. Case study
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal 103. Which of the following research designs would
c. Interval be appropriate for this study if she wants to find out
d. Ratio a cause-and-effect relationship between the
structured discharge plan and the compliance to
home care regimen among the subjects?
 signs and symptoms as well as medication and all
a. True experiment other in-depth information about pneumonia. This
b. Descriptive study is best suited for which research design?
c. Quasi-Experiment
d. Correlational a. Survey
b. Historical
c. Analytical
1. No exploratory - survey sa options
d. Case Study
2. Look for manipulation may binigay ba?
YES, the structured discharge plan
True experimental - is it random? 1. is there a word quality? are we trying to get
Quasi-experimental - is it non-random? census? Not EXPLORATORY
Tip: if walang nakasulat if random or random, that 2. There’s no experimental in the options so not
is automatically random, because you have to EXPERIMENTAL
follow the elements of experimental: random, 3. Automatically DESCRIPTIVE
manipulation and control. Case study → in depth information about
pneumonia
So, Random → TRUE EXPERIMENTAL
108. Marlon is always eating high fat diet. You want
104. From the hypothesis, “Compliance to home care to determine what will be the effect of high
regimen is greater among patients who received the cholesterol food to Marlon in the next ten years. You
structured discharge plan instructions than those will use:
who received verbal discharge instructions.” Which is
the independent variable in the study? a. Comparative
b. Longitudinal - repetitive
a. Verbal instructions c. Correlational
b. Discharge plan instructions d. Historical
c. Compliance to home care regimen
d. Patients 109. Joseph is to perform a study about how nurses
perform surgical asepsis during WWII. A design best
105. Which is the dependent variable in the study? for this study is:

a. Verbal instructions a. Historical

b. Discharge plan instructions b. Case Study
c. Compliance to home care regimen c. Descriptive
d. Patients d. Experimental → walang binigay

110. Melinda conducts sampling at barangay 156.

Situation: Mastery of research design
determination is essential in passing the NLE. she collected 100 random individuals and determine
who is their favorite comedian actress. 50% said
Eugene Domingo, 20% said Ai Ai, while some
106. Community A was selected randomly as well as
answered Ruffa Mae Quinto, Candy Pangilinan,
Community B. Nurse Beth conducted teaching to
Tuesday Vargas. Melinda conducted what type of
Community A and assess if Community A will have a
research study?
better status than Community B. The design best
suited for this study is:
a. Case Study
b. Quasi-Experimental
a. Comparative
c. Analytical
b. Correlational
d. Survey
c. Experimental
d. Descriptive
1. Is there a word quality? NO
2. Are you trying to get census? frequency? YES
3. No exploratory / survey, quality / census, sa
EXPLORATORY → SURVEY
opinion
4. Proceed at looking for manipulation. is there
manipulation? may binigay ba? YES, 111. Sheena researched on the development of a
conducted teaching → EXPERIMENTAL new way to measure intelligence by creating a
100-item questionnaire that will assess the cognitive
skills of an individual. The design best suited for this
107. Ricky researched on pneumonia. Its
study is.
transmission, causative agent and factors, treatment,
a. Historical 116. MJ wants to determine some of the problems
b. Survey that are experienced by diabetic patients when using
c. Methodological an insulin pump. She went into a clinic where she
d. Case Study personally knows several diabetic clients having
problem with insulin pump. The type of sampling
done by MJ is called:
1. Is there a word quality? NO
a. Quota
2. Are you trying to get census? NO
b. Snowball
3. There’s no EXPERIMENTAL in the option, no
c. Purposive (hand-picked)
manipulation
d. Incidental
4. automatically → DESCRIPTIVE
Ang gustong pag aralan ni teh development of a
117. If she implemented a new structured counseling
new way to measure intelligence → method
program with a randomized group of subjects and
Answer: METHODOLOGICAL
a routine counseling program with another
randomized group of subjects, the research is
Situation: MJ is chosen to be a part of the utilizing which design?
research team of the hospital and as a researcher
she made a review of the following important a. Experimental - may manipulation (new
nursing concepts was made. structured counseling program), random
b. Comparative
112. Which of the following communicate the results c. Quasi-experimental
of the research to the readers? They facilitate the d. Methodological
description of the data.
118. In any research study where individual persons
a. Tables and graphs are involved, it is important that an informed consent
b. Statistics of the study is obtained. The following are essential
c. Hypothesis information about the consent that you should
d. Research problem disclose to the prospective subjects except:(-)

113. In the value: 85, 76, 93, 88, 90; what is the a. Consent to incomplete information
mean? b. Assurance of anonymity and confidentiality
c. Description of benefits, risks and discomforts
a. 85.5 d. Explanation of the procedure
b. 86.4
c. 87 119. In the hypothesis: “Taller people and
d. 93 people with higher caloric intake weigh more
than shorter people and those with lower
caloric intake.” Which is the dependent variable
MEAN - average
of the study?

114.In the value: 86, 85, 91, 91, 85, 83, 87, 85; a. Height and weight
what is the mode? b. Height and caloric intake
c. Weight and caloric intake
a. 88 d. Weight
b. 85 – 3x
c. 91 - 2x 120. Which is the independent variable of the study?
d. 87 - 1x
a. Height and weight
MODE - one that frequently appears b. Height and caloric intake
c. Weight and caloric intake
d. Weight
115. Draw lots, lottery, table of random numbers or a
sampling that ensures that each element of the
121. In the hypothesis: “Patients receiving warmed
population has an equal and independent chance
solution for body cavity irrigation during surgical
of being chosen is called:
procedures will maintain a higher core body
temperature than patients receiving a room
a. Simple
temperature solution.” Which is the independent
b. Stratified
variable in the study?
c. Cluster
d. Systematic
a. Surgical procedures a. Inductively develops a theory based on
b. Solution for body cavity irrigation observations about processes involving selected
c. Core body temperature people - Grounded Theory
d. Temperature of the room b. Makes new knowledge useful and practical
c. Identifies the variables in the study
122. Which is the dependent variable in the study? d. Finds out the cause and effect relationship
between variables - Experimental
a. Surgical procedures
b. Solution for body cavity irrigation
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN:
c. Core body temperature
1. Phenomenological - experiences
d. Temperature of the room
2. Grounded Theory - researcher develops a
theory, there is no theory – the first to create
123. “Women who have participated in Lamaze
is the researcher
classes request pain medication during labor
3. Case study
less often than women who have not taken these
4. Ethnographic - studying beliefs, practices,
classes.” Which of the following is the independent
cultures and traditions
variable?

a. Request of pain medication 127. She reviews qualitative design of research.

b. Women in labor Which of the following is true about ethnographic
c. Attendance in Lamaze classes study?
d. Labor
a. Develops theories that increase the knowledge
124. Which of the following is the dependent about a certain phenomenon - Grounded-theory
variable? b. Focuses on the meanings of life experiences
of people
a. Request of pain medication c. Deals with patterns and experiences of a defined
b. Women in labor cultural group in a holistic fashion - Ethno
c. Attendance in Lamaze classes d. In-depth investigation of a single entity - Case
d. Labor Study

128. She knows that the purpose of doing

Situation: Melissa plans to conduct a study about
ethnographic study is to:
nursing practice in the country. She decides to
refresh her knowledge about the different types of
research in order to choose the most appropriate a. Understand the worldview of a cultural
design for her study. group
b. Study the life experiences of people -
125. She came across surveys, like the Social Phenomenological
Weather Station and Pulse Asia Survey. Which of c. Determine the relationship between variables -
the following is the purpose of this kind of research? Descriptive Correlational
d. Investigate intensively a single entity - Case
a. Obtains information regarding the Study
prevalence, distribution, and interrelationships
of variables within a population at a particular 129. Alyssa wants to learn more about experimental
time design. Which is the purpose of this research?
b. Get an accurate and complete data about a
phenomenon a. Test the cause and effect relationship
c. Develop a tool for data gathering - step in among the variables under a controlled
research process situation
d. Formulate a framework for the study - step in b. Identify the variables in the study - Exploratory
research process c. Predicts the future based on current intervention -
Prospective
Survey – quality / opinion / census d. Describe the characteristics, opinions, attitudes or
“prevalence” – frequency behaviors of certain population about a current issue
or event - Analytical
126. Melissa reads about exploratory research.
Which of the following is the purpose of doing this 130. One of the related studies that she reads is
type of research? phenomenological research. Which of the following
questions is answered by this type of qualitative
research?
a. “What is the way of life of this cultural group?” - a. Validity
Ethnographic b. Efficiency
b. “What is the effect of the intervention to the c. Sensitivity
dependent variable?” - Experimental d. Reliability
c. “What is the essence of the phenomenon as
experienced by these people?”
Criteria used to Known Effectivity
d. “What is the core category that is central in
Reliability - consistency or the repeatability of the
explaining what is going on in that social scene?” -
tool
Analytical
● kahit ilang beses binigay yung tool, same
results / same response paren dapat =
131. Ms. Ajina wants to know the coping abilities of
Reliable
female patients who are newly diagnosed to have
terminal cancer. She has decided to focus on the
meaning of their experiences of coping. Which of 135. An investigator wanted to determine if there is
the following types of research design is most a significant difference in the mean systolic blood
appropriate? pressure of 10 women before and after oral
contraceptive use for 3 months. The appropriate
a. Ethnography statistical test for significance of this study is:
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded theory study a. Analysis of variance
d. Case study b. Student t-test
c. Chi-square analysis
132. Other studies are categorized according to the d. Paired t-test
time frame. Which of the following refers to a study
of variables in the present which is linked to a INFERENTIAL STATISTICS KAPANGYARIHAN
variable that occurred in the past? 1. Box the Population = prioritize the SETS
3 or more set → ANOVA
a. Prospective design 2 set → STUDENT T TEST
b. Cross sectional study
c. Retrospective design 1 set → may hahanapin tayo:
d. Longitudinal study ● Before and after→ paired t-test
if wala look for:
Situation: A group of student nurses is writing ● numbers→ Pearson r
the research methodology of their thesis. ● if hindi number → Chi square
Knowledge of the following concepts can help in
writing the said chapter.
136. Considering the said study, what is the
independent variable of the study?
133. When evaluating the instruments validity, a. Systolic
the researcher may consider the following: b. Oral contraceptive
c. Mean systolic blood pressure
a. Content of the questionnaire d. Women
b. A theory that may be compared to the variable
under study - Theoretical framework 137. If the investigator studied the relationship
c. The tool can detect even small variations in the between the timing of hemodialysis and the levels of
attribute - Sensitivity daytime sleepiness, what appropriate statistical
d. All of the above - X treatment would be significant for this study?
Criteria used to Known Effectivity
Validity - measure what is supposed to be a. Analysis of variance - X
measured b. Student t-test - X
● kung ano man ang gagamitin mo, or yung c. Chi-square analysis
tool is masasagot or iaaddress yung research d. Paired t-test - X walang before and after
problem mo
Sensitivity - able to detect small variations or find Pag walang binigay na population, it is considered 1
differences set

134. The split half technique, test, retest and 138. Considering the hypothesis for the study is “The
equivalent test administration are ways to evaluate timing of hemodialysis is not related to the levels of
the instruments: daytime sleepiness of patients in the renal unit.”
What is the independent variable in the study?
 a. Special diet
a. Patients in the renal uni b. 2 months
b. Renal disorder c. Elderly men
c. Levels of daytime sleepiness d. Cholesterol level
d. Timing of hemodialysis
145. What is the dependent variable in the study?
139. What is the dependent variable in the study?
a. Special diet
a. Patients in the renal unit b. 2 months
b. Renal disorder c. Elderly men
c. Levels of daytime sleepiness d. Cholesterol level
d. Timing of hemodialysis
146. If the investigator studied the maternal
140. The investigator would like to compare the competence among women discharged early and
levels of postpartum depression in three groups of those discharged later. What appropriate statistical
women: middle-class white mothers of term infants, treatment would be significant for this study?
middle-class white mothers of preterm infants, and
low-income African American mothers of term a. Analysis of variance
infants. The appropriate statistical test for b. Student t-test
significance of this study is: c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test
a. Analysis of variance - 3 sets ang naka
underline 147. Considering the hypothesis for the study is
b. Student t-test “Women who were discharged early will have lesser
c. Chi-square analysis maternal competence than those women who were
d. Paired t-test discharged later.” What is the independent variable
in the study?
141. In considering the above study, what is the
dependent variable/s of the study? a. Women discharged early
b. Maternal competence
a. Race, term of infants and levels of postpartum c. Time of discharge
depression d. Women discharged later
b. Postpartum depression
c. Race, term or infants and economic status 148. What is the dependent variable in the study?
d. Postpartum depression, term of infants and
economic status a. Women discharged early
b. Maternal competence
142. What is the independent variable/s of the c. Time of discharge
study? d. Women discharged later

a. Race, term of infants and levels of postpartum 149. The researcher would like to study the effects
depression of nursing instructions on patients’ compliance with a
b. Postpartum depression self-medication regimen. The appropriate statistical
c. Race, term or infants and economic status test for significance of this study is:
d. Postpartum depression, term of infants and
economic status a. Analysis of variance - X
b. Student t-test- X
143. Effect of special diet on the cholesterol level of c. Chi-square analysis
elderly men and measured before the intervention d. Paired t-test - X → walang before and after
then after 2 months. The appropriate statistical test
for significance of this study is: 150. In considering the above study, what is the
dependent variable/s of the study?
a. Analysis of variance - X
b. Student t-test a. Medication
c. Chi-square analysis b. Nursing instructions
d. Paired t-test - 1 set → before and after c. Compliance with instructions
d. Compliance with medication regimen
144. Considering the said study, what is the
independent variable of the study? 151. In considering the above study, what is the
independent variable/s of the study?
 a. t-test → Paired t-test
a. Medication b. ANOVA
b. Nursing instructions c. Standard deviation of blood pressure
c. Compliance with instruction d. Pearson product moment correlation
d. Compliance with medication regimen
158. A good researcher needs to examine the ethical
152. The investigator would like to compare the implications of her research. The code of research
effectiveness of different interventions on people on ethics which requires informed consent in all cases
cigarette smoking. One group of smokers receives involving human subjects is the:
intensive nurse counseling; a second group is treated
with nicotine patch; and a third group is given an a. Belmont Report
electronic cigarette. The appropriate statistical test b. Helsinki Code
for significance of this study is: c. Nuremberg Code
d. Code of Ethics
a. Analysis of variance - 3 sets
Research involves human experimentation
b. Student t-test
3 research ethics
c. Chi-square analysis
● Nuremberg Code
d. Paired t-test
● Helsinki Code
● Belmont Report - recognizes that there a lot
153. In considering the above study, what is the
ethical principles involved in human
dependent variable of the study?
experimentation
○ Beneficence
a. Nicotine patch
○ Respect for human dignity
b. Cigarette smoking
○ Justice
c. Nurse counseling
d. Interventions
159. The Belmont report summarizes the basic
154. What is the independent variable of the study? ethical principles which include the following EXCEPT:

a. Nicotine patch a. Beneficence

b. Cigarette smoking b. Respect for Human Dignity
c. Nurse counseling c. Justice
d. Interventions d. Confidentiality

155. If an independent variable is weight gain during 160. One knows that only competent people should
pregnancy and the dependent variable is infant birth conduct research and that in the process, subjects
weight, the appropriate test statistic is a(n): are assured of protection from harm. This
primary ethical principle is:
a. t-test - X walang before and after
b. ANOVA - X a. Beneficence
c. Chi-square b. Respect for Human Dignity
d. Pearson r - Weight (about numbers) c. Justice
d. Informed consent
156. The independent variable is race
(Caucasian/African American) while the dependent 161. Once a researcher has fully described to
variable is pulse rate. What is an appropriate prospective study participants the nature of study,
statistical test? their rights to refuse participation and likely risks and
benefits that would be incurred, he has done:
a. t-test
b. ANOVA a. Full disclosure
c. Chi-square b. Informed consent
d. Pearson r c. Fair treatment
d. Debriefing

Population – Caucasian and African American (2

sets) → Student t-test What Nurse should witness during Informed Consent
1. Actual conversation between doctor and
patient
157. To compare the mean BP of teachers before
2. Full explanation of MD
and after semester, which statistical tests will be
3. Full understanding of patient
used?
4. Patient has voluntarily consented
162. The last act of informed consent is said to have 167. Myrna, a staff nurse working in a cancer unit is
been fulfilled when: considered a role model not only by her colleagues
but also by her patients. She goes out of her way to
a. Adequate information about research has been help others. She is very active in their professional
given organization, and she practices what she teaches.
b. The subject has understood the information What ethical principle is she practicing?
c. The subject has voluntarily consented (or
declined) to participate in the study a. Beneficence - wala naman ginawa sa patient, di
d. The subject has voluntarily signed the ba “to do”
consent form b. Autonomy - not decision making
c. Advocacy
163. Fair and non-discriminatory selection of subjects d. Justice - fair treatment
for research is an important aspect of what ethical
principle? 168. You are commuting to work riding the LRT. An
older person collapsed, and nobody seems to notice
a. Respect for human dignity her. The security guard tried to make her sit down
b. Beneficence/Non maleficence buts she remained unconscious. You saw what
c. Justice happened and you decided to help. With help, you
d. Confidentiality brought the patient to the nearest hospital. You
learned later that the woman was diabetic. She was
164. Emily who is admitted to the hospital with on her way to the diabetes clinic to have her blood
autoimmune thrombocytopenia and a platelet count sugar tested. She developed hypoglycemia. You
of 20,000/æL develops epistaxis and melena. were able to save a life. You felt good. What
Treatment with corticosteroids and immunoglobulin principle was applied?
has not been successful. Her physician
recommended splenectomy. Emily states “I don’t a. Advocacy
need surgery. This will go away on its own.” In b. Beneficence - you did something
considering your response to Daria, you must c. Justice
depend on the ethical principle of: d. Autonomy

a. Beneficence - to do
Situation: A group of Level 4 students will
b. Autonomy - Patient’s have the right to conduct a study that aims to determine the
self-determination similarities / differences in the clinical
c. Advocacy performance of the student nurses under the
d. Justice Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program and
Associate in Health Sciences Education (AHSE) as
Advocacy - active support of an idea or cause perceived by the faculty members of 4 selected
Beneficence - to do colleges of nursing. The clinical performances of
Justice - only applicable to those who are similarly the students in the following areas MS, MCN, CDN,
situated CHN will be determined.

165. Luna is terminally ill and is experiencing severe 169. The most appropriate design for the said study
pain. She has bone and liver metastasis. She has is:
been on morphine for several months now. Luna is
aware that they are having financial problems. She a. Descriptive – correlation
decides to sign a DNR form. What ethical principle b. Descriptive – comparative
did Luna and her family utilize as a basis for their c. Evaluate survey
decision to sign a DNR? d. Classical Experiment

a. Justice 170. The respondents will be clinical instructors from

b. Autonomy 2 schools that offer the BSN program and 2 with
c. Beneficence AHSE program. After obtaining the sampling frame
d. Advocacy every 15th in the list of the faculty will be taken
as research subject. This sampling technique is
166. Based on your answer in question no. 165, referred to as:
what role did the nurse employ in the situation?
a. Quota
a. Counselor b. Stratified
b. Manager c. Simple random
c. Advocate d. Systematic
d. Liaison
171. Which of the following is the dependent variable c. Force majeure
in the study? d. Assumption of Risk

a. Nursing program
Elements of Res Ipsa Loquitur
b. Grades
1. Injury will not normally occur unless there is
c. Academic performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN
negligence
d. Clinical performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN
2. Agency / Instrumentality is within the
exclusive control of the defendant / nurse
172. Which of the following is the independent
3. The plaintiff / patient did not participate
variable in the study?

a. Nursing program 177. At the ER, RN Supervisor Corazon, while making

b. Grades her round, was informed that a patient fell from
c. Academic performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN stretcher the side rail gave way due to defective lock.
d. Clinical performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN` The situation can establish a case of:

a. Incompetence
Situation: Eloisa, an RN and two other nurses
b. Omission
were summoned to appear before the Board of
Nursing due to an administrative case filed against c. Force majeure
them for alleged negligence which caused the d. negligence
death of a certain Mr. Santibañez, who was
admitted due to COPD. 178. In the above situation, Corazon may be held
liable based on the doctrine of:
173. Which of the following terms refer to Eloisa and
the two other nurses? a. Res Ipsa Loquitur
b. Assumption of Ris - Respondeat superior
A. Defendant C. Force majeure
b. Witnesses D. Rs ipsa loquitor
C. Plaintiffs
D. Accomplices 179. In the above cited case, the patient was
informed that the stretcher was effective but
174. Ms. Almira Santibañez, the daughter of Mr. because it was the only one available & he wanted to
Santibañez was the one who filed the case against lie down, and so, he used it. The RN was then
the nurses. Which terms refer to her in this case? involved in a malpractice suit. RN may invoke in her
defense.
a. Plaintiff - complainant
b. Respondent - a. Respondeat Superior
C. Defendant b. Assumption of Risk
D. Jury c. Force majeure
d. Rs ipsa loquitor
175. Eloisa is ordered by the Legal Department to
bring along with her the initial assessment form and 180. “A Negligent Act” is established by the presence
the progress notes she used for the patient. What of the following 4 Elements EXCEPT:
legal order from the hearing officer refers to this?
a. Duty owed on the part of the Plaintiff
a. Subpoena duces tecum b. Breach of duty
b. Summon c. Occurrence of foreseeable injury
C. Subpoena ad testificandum d. Guilt beyond reasonable doubt - quantum of
D. Writ proof needed in crimes

181. During strong typhoon, a glass fragment from

Subpoena duces tecum - documents, records,
the broken window of the Hospital hit the patients
reports, objects within your control
arm causing an open wound that needed suturing.
The RN defendant can invoke as defense the
176. Which of the following doctrines will apply if it is Doctrine for.
proven that Eloisa did not go through a rigid training
before being deployed as a staff nurse due to an a. Res Ipsa Loquitor
acute demand for her services? b. Force Majeure
c. Respondeat Superior
a. Res ipsa loquitor d. None of these
b. Respondeat superior
182. RN Corazon gave Mr.Y steam inhalation. Hours suspect. Which is an appropriate action to be done
later, a blister was noted at the right paranasal area. by the nurse?
Corazon’s malpractice can be established by the
doctrine of: a. Ask the two if there is something they need to be
clarified about – X
a. Res Ipsa Loquitor b. Ignore the two guards as this is not against the
b. Lack of Care hospital rules – X
c. Respondeat Superior c. Advise them that it is not right to discuss
d. incompetence the case of any patient – protects the right of the
patient
d. Inform the supervisor about what she heard
Elements of Res Ipsa Loquitur
4. Injury will not normally occur unless there is
187. One of the patients confided that his companion
negligence
is not the legal wife. Bea will be held liable if she
5. Agency / Instrumentality is within the
divulges the information to others, otherwise
exclusive control of the defendant / nurse
known as:
6. The plaintiff / patient did not participate

a. Assault
Situation: Mark is a nurse doing research works b. Libel
in a tertiary hospital. He is assigned for data c. Breach of confidentiality
collection about the incidence of infection among d. Slander
admitted patients.
188. Two utility personnel were having heated
183. Mark found out that one of the midwives in argument as to who shall dispose the infectious
their health center injected Penicillin to a 6-year-old wastes of a patient with typhoid fever. The first one
child without the consent of the parents. The calling the second one with names “like lazybones,
midwife will be accused of? incompetent and pain in the neck,” within the
a. Negligence hearing distance of the rest of the nurses. If the
b. Battery – if si nurse ang nag inject latter decides to file a case against him, what kind of
c. Assault case would he likely file?
d. Malpractice a. Negligence
b. Incompetence
c. Libel
Midwives – beyond their scope of practice
d. Slander
- cannot inject penicillin
- midwife can only inject if has sufficient
189. Should the above case be written in a
training, bemonc hospital
newsletter of the hospital, such liability known as?

184. Mark is taking care of a client with sexually a. Slander

transmitted disease. If he divulges information about b. Malpractice
his client, he may be liable for: c. Libel
d. Assault
a. Libel
b. Tort 190. Mr. Hiroshima is a Japanese national, suspected
c. Slander of COVID-19 and advised to be confined in a
d. Breach of confidentiality negative pressure room with strict protective gadgets
of the health workers taking care of him. He
185. Bea’s job includes collecting secretions from the vehemently resented being confined in that room.
surgical site of the patients. One of her patients Moreover, he was denied of accepting visitors. He
refused, however she insisted and proceed to do the threatened to sue the hospital. Which case should
collection. She would then be liable for: he file? – Quarantine yan sis
a. Illegal detention
a. Slander b. Battery
b. Invasion of privacy c. Incompetence
c. Battery d. Defamation
d. Assault

186. Two of the security guards are assigned in

screening patients entering the hospital. Bea
overheard them discussing the case of an HIV