the oxo people

OXSOFT

Phthalate-free, non-VOC plasticizers www.phthalate-free-plasticizers.com

Brief overview

In this brochure the most common and relevant plasticizer tests will be reviewed. The table below gives a brief overview of the results comparing OXSOFT plasticizers with traditional phthalate plasticizers.

OXSOFT phthalate-free, non-VOC plasticizers show best in class performance compared to traditional phthalate plasticizers
OXEA is integrated in key raw materials for this product range like 2-ethylhexanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid, which enables OXEA to offer high standards regarding product quality, delivery performance and reliability.

Test Overview Shore A Hardness 100 % Modulus Low temperature flexibility Elevated temperature volatility Relative extraction resistance Fogging number VOC data (Boiling point & GC)

OXSOFT OXSOFT OXSOFT OXSOFT DOA 3G8 GPO TOTM DOP Best in class Best in class Very good Best in class Best in class Very good Best in class Best in class Very good Best in class

DINP

DIDP

Very good

Very good

Shore A Hardness

Test description

This test measures the materials ability to resist indentation under specific conditions of force and time. The preferred method for testing the relative hardness of rubbers, elastomers or softer plastics is the Shore A durometer. A Shore A durometer is a portable device that uses a truncated cone indenter point and a calibrated steel spring to measure the resistance of the elastomer to indentation. The obtained values lie between 0 and 100. The higher the number, the greater the resistance. If the value is 0, the indenter completely penetrates the sample. If the result is 100, no penetration occurs. Shore A Hardness is an indication of the efficiency of the plasticizer. The lower the number the more efficient the plasticizer. Following data is based on ASTM D1706, using a plasticizer concentration in PVC of 50 phr.

Evaluation

OXSOFT DOA shows best performance and may be considered as the most efficient plasticizer. OXSOFT 3G8 and GPO show a similar performance as DOP but a slightly better performance compared to the other phthalates.

OXSOFT DOA OXSOFT 3G8 OXSOFT GPO OXSOFT TOTM DOP DINP DIDP
0 20 40 60 80

76 81 81 88 80 82 85 100

100 % Modulus

Test description

Modulus is basically the stiffness of a material, or more precisely, the force required to produce a given elongation, usually 100 per cent (100 % Modulus). Modulus is measured in MPa. Compounds with a higher modulus are more resilient and compounds with a lower modulus are more efficient. Test method is ASTM D638, using a plasticizer concentration of 50 phr in PVC.

Evaluation

OXSOFT 3G8 is by far the most resilient plasticizer, having a value of 16.2 whereas the plasticizer average of the 100 % Modulus Test is around 11. OXSOFT DOA, with a relatively low value of 7.2 is obviously not as resilient as the other plasticizers, but is the most efficient one.

OXSOFT DOA OXSOFT 3G8 OXSOFT GPO OXSOFT TOTM DOP DINP DIDP
0 5

7.2 16.2 11 12.8 10.7 10.5 10.9 10 15 20 MPa

Low temperature flexibility

Test description

All plastics which are flexible at room temperature become less flexible if they are cooled, finally becoming brittle at lower temperatures. This property is often measured by torsional tests over a wide range of temperatures. The specimen is bent to an angle of 90 and examined for cracks at the bend. The temperature, where a fracture into two or more pieces, or any crack visible to the unaided eye occurs, is reported, using the test method ASTM D1043 (concentration = 50 phr).

Evaluation

OXSOFT 3G8 and DOA show by far the best low temperature flexibility. These two plasticizers are highly recommended for applications where excellent low temperature properties are required. OXSOFT GPO shows a very similar performance like traditional phthalate plasticizers.

OXSOFT DOA
0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 C -52

OXSOFT 3G8

OXSOFT GPO

OXSOFT TOTM

DOP

DINP

DIDP

-20 -26 -26 -26 -24.5

-58.5

Elevated temperature volatility

Test description

Volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporise and is directly related to a substances vapour pressure. At a given temperature, a substance with a higher vapour pressure vaporizes more readily than a substance with a lower vapour pressure. Volatility is expressed as a percentage weight change (wt %) due to plasticizer loss to the atmosphere (value indicates loss of softener). Volatility loss was measured after 7 days at 100C (concentration = 50 phr).

Evaluation

OXSOFT TOTM outperforms all included plasticizers, it offers superior permanence at elevated temperatures. OXSOFT TOTM is a highly permanent plasticizer which limits any migration concerns even at higher temperatures.

wt % loss 30 26.5 25

20 16.1 15

10 6.5 5 1.1 0

9.1

5.72

OXSOFT DOA 7

OXSOFT 3G8

OXSOFT GPO

OXSOFT TOTM

DOP

DINP

DIDP

Relative extraction resistance

Test description

The relative extraction resistance intends to be a rapid empirical test to determine the loss of the plasticizer or other extractable components from the plastic film when immersed in commonly used liquids. The presented values illustrate the percentage weight change of a film after immersion in chemicals. Therefore the following three liquids were tested using the method ASTM D1239: Soapy water Oil Hexane

Evaluation

Results of plasticizer loss are very different when comparing the three liquids. With increasing wt % loss, ranking appears to be the following: soapy water < oil < hexane. Migration of plasticizers can be a concern. For some application like medical applications any migration risk should be limited. OXSOFT TOTM can be considered as a very permanent plasticizer. OXSOFT TOTM basically stays in the plastic film. OXSOFT 3G8 shows good extraction resistance using oil and hexane as liquids.

Relative extraction resistance

Soapy Water Extraction (ASTM D1239)

OXSOFT DOA OXSOFT 3G8 OXSOFT GPO OXSOFT TOTM DOP DINP DIDP
0 0.5 1 0.12 0.1 0.3 0.4

0.9 3

1.5

2.5

3.5 wt % loss

Oil Extraction (ASTM D1239)

OXSOFT DOA OXSOFT 3G8 OXSOFT GPO OXSOFT TOTM DOP DINP DIDP
0 5 10 15 10 10 10.4 11

18

17.3 16.4 20 25 wt % loss

Hexane Extraction (ASTM D1239)

OXSOFT DOA OXSOFT 3G8 OXSOFT GPO OXSOFT TOTM DOP DINP DIDP
0 5 10 15 20 25 23 27 20 26 26 26

29

30

35 wt % loss

Fogging number

Test description

The fogging test measures the tendency for plastic or elastomeric materials to volatize substances which can condense and collect on other surfaces when in use. It is a photometric method giving a quotient of the fogged plate and the unfogged plate multiplied by 100. The test is used to evaluate materials to be used in automotive or other vehicle interiors. In general, automotive specifications require 1 hour fog analysis to be greater than 60. Most vinyl compounders require a minimum of 80 or better. Here, a 3 hour analysis at 100C was applied (concentration = 67 phr).

Evaluation

OXSOFT DOA and TOTM, both having values greater than 60, meet the requirements of the automotive specifications. OXSOFT TOTM shows best in class performance.

100

97

96 88

80

76

60

40

34 25

20

OXSOFT DOA

OXSOFT 3G8

OXSOFT GPO

OXSOFT TOTM

DOP

DINP

DIDP

10

VOC data

Test description

Different tests can give evidence of the volatility of the respective plasticizers. In this section, the boiling points and GC analyses are used to measure volatility.

Boiling point

In general, a compound is less volatile, the higher the boiling point. According to this statement, compounds can be divided into three different categories: VVOC (very volatile organic compounds) VOC (volatile organic compounds) SVOC (semivolatile organic compounds) 50C 100C 60C 260C over 260C

The boiling point gives limiting information about the VOC impact of the plasticizer in the formulation. Therefore GC analysis are performed to give a better indication of the VOC impact.

OXSOFT DOA OXSOFT 3G8 OXSOFT GPO OXSOFT TOTM DOP DINP DIDP
0 100 200 300 400 355 384 340

417

400

403 420 500 C

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VOC data GC Analysis

Test description

The amount of VOC substances in OXSOFT TOTM and OXSOFT 3G8 was determined by doping with n-Hexane and n-Hexadecane, since these substances are the references for classifying the examined compound into the three VOC categories (VVOC, VOC, SVOC).

Evaluation
OXSOFT 3G8 OXSOFT 3G8 can be classified as being only a SVOC, making it suitable for non-VOC applications. OXSOFT 3G8 itself has a retention time of about 21 minutes. N-Hexadecane already elutes at the half of it after about 10 minutes. The other recorded components n-Docosane, n-Tetracosane and n-Octacosane elute between 17 and 25 minutes 7 to 15 minutes later than n-Hexadecane. Therefore these substances are all SVOC OXSOFT 3G8 is considered non-VOC. OXSOFT TOTM Also in this test OXSOFT TOTM distinguish itself being a very permanent plasticizer. It elutes after all the other reference substances and can be classified as a SVOC. OXSOFT TOTM is considered non-VOC.

Substance classification
VVOC (very volatile organic compounds) VOC (volatile organic compounds) SVOC (semivolatile organic compounds) substances, which elute before C6-HC (n-Hexane) substances, which elute between C6-HC (n-Hexane) and C16-HC (n-Hexadecane) substances, which elute after C16-HC (n-Hexadecane)

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GC Analysis OXSOFT 3G8

Retention time (min.)

25

n-Octacosane

OXSOFT 3G8 SVOC VVOC 3G8 contents substance category VOC

20

n-Tetracosane n-Docosane

15

10

n-Hexadecane (C16HC)

Less than 0,1 % VOC components

n-Hexane (C6HC)

No substances found

Reference substances

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GC Analysis OXSOFT TOTM

Retention time (min.)

25

20

OXSOFT TOTM

15

n-Octacosane SVOC VVOC TOTM contents VOC substance category n-Hexadecane (C16HC) Less than 0,1 % VOC components n-Hexane (C6HC) No substances found Reference substances

10

n-Tetracosane n-Docosane

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Detailed Overview

Tests and Test Method

ASTM D1706, 50 phr ASTM D638, 50phr

OXSOFT DOA 76 7.2 -52 26.5

OXSOFT 3G8 81 16.2 -58.5 6.5

OXSOFT GPO 81 11 -26

OXSOFT TOTM 88 12.8 -20 1.1

DOP 80 10.7 -26 16.1

DINP 82 10.5 -26 9.1

DIDP 85 10.9 -24.5 5.72

Shore A Hardness 100 % Modulus [mPa] Low temperature flexibility [C] Elevated temp volatility [wt %] Relative extraction resistance soapy water extraction [wt %] oil extraction [wt %] hexane extraction [wt %] Fogging number

ASTM D1043, 50phr

100C. 7 days, loss, 50phr ASTM D1239, 50phr

0.9 18 29 76 417 371 0.93 1.45 25 2.41 196

3 11 20 34 340 403 0.97 1.44 30 0.53 199

0.4 10 26

0.1 10 26 97

0.3 10.4 26 25 384 391 0.99 1.49 25 1 218

0.12 17.3 23 96 403 418 0.98 1.49 25 0.36 240 232 16.4 27 88 420 447 0.97 1.48 25

3 hours, 100C, 67

VOC data (Boiling point) [C]

[g/mol]

400 391 0.98 1.49 20

355 547 0.99 1.49 30 0.14

Molecular weight (theoretical)

ASTM D4052 ASTM D1045

Specific Gravity [20/20] Refraction index (nD20) Color [APHA Pt-Co] Volatiles [wt %]

ASTM D5386 ASTM D2369 COC

Flash point [C] Viscosity

238

250

ASTM D445

20C [mm/s] 40C [mm/s] 100C [mm/s]

15.1 7.8 2.3

16.3 8.8 2.4

64.1 5

335 90 9.6

86

82 27.8

121.6

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OXSOFT DOA Technical data

Application suggestion

OXSOFT DOA is a highly efficient plasticizer with excellent low temperature properties. Suggested applications are food packaging, garden hoses, gaskets, flooring and blended with other plasticizers to improve efficiency and/or low temperature properties.

CAS Number EINECS Number

103-23-1 203-090-1

O O O O

Physical and chemical properties

Formula Molecular Weight Appearance Boiling point (C) Specific Gravity (20C) Odour Solubility in Water (g/L, 22C) Vapour pressure (hPa, 20C) Viscosity (mPa*s, 20C)

O O O O O O

C22H42O4 370.6 g/mol Clear colourless liquid 417 0.925 Nil < 0.001 < 0.01 15.1

O O

O O O O

O O O O O O

Sales Specifications
Property
Appearance OXSOFT DOA Acid Value Water Saponification Value Platinum/Cobalt Colour (Hazen/APHA Colour) Density (20C) Refractive Index nD25

Limit
Clear Liquid min. 99.5 max. 0.07 max. 0.05 298 306 max. 25 0.924 0.926 1.446 1.448

Unit
% (a/a) mg KOH/g % (w/w) mg KOH/g

Test Method
Visual Examination DIN 51405 (GC) ASTM D 974 (mod.) ASTM E 1064 Calculated from GC ASTM D 5386

PQR
x x x x x

g/cm3

ASTM D 4052 ASTM D 1045

16

O O O O

OXSOFT 3G8 Technical data

O O O O O O O O O O O

Application suggestion

O OXSOFT 3G8 combines some unique properties like superior low temperature performance, high resilience and good migration resistance. OXSOFT 3G8 shows outstanding VOC results making it suitable for all applications where non-VOC is required.

CAS Number EINECS Number

94-28-0 202-319-2

O O O O O O

Formula Molecular Weight Appearance Boiling point (C) Specific Gravity (20C) Odour Solubility in Water (mg/L, 20C) Vapour pressure (hPa, 20C) Viscosity (mPa*s, 20C)

Physical and chemical properties

C22H42O6 402.6 g/mol Clear colourless liquid 340 0.967 fruity 1.53 < 0.001 16.3

Sales Specifications
Property
Appearance OXSOFT 3G8 Triethylenglycol-mono-2-ethylhexanoate (Monoester) Diethylenglycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate Acid Value Peroxide Value Ester Value Hydroxyl Value Water BHT Stabilizer Platinum/Cobalt Colour (Hazen/APHA Colour) Density (20C) Refractive Index nD25

Limit
Clear Liquid min. 97 max. 1.5 max. 0.5 max. 0.10 max. 1.5 236 279 max. 5.0 max. 0.07 50 max. 30 0.962 0.972 1.441 1.447

Unit
% (a/a) % (a/a) % (a/a) mg KOH/g mq O/kg mg KOH/g mg KOH/g % (w/w) mg/kg

Test Method
Visual Examination DIN 51405 (GC) DIN 51405 (GC) DIN 51405 (GC) DIN EN ISO 3682 / ASTM D 1613 RCH AL079 DIN 53401 DIN 53240 DIN 51777 Part I DIN 51405 (GC), qual. DIN ISO 6271

PQR
x x x x x

x x x

g/cm3

DIN 51757 Verf. D DIN 51 423 / ASTM D 1747

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OXSOFT GPO Technical data

Application suggestion

OXSOFT GPO is suitable as a general purpose plasticizer. The properties are very similar as DOP and OXSOFT GPO can be used as a direct replacement for DOP but also for other general purpose phthalates like DINP.

CAS Number EINECS Number

6422-86-2 229-176-9

O O

O O

Formula Molecular Weight Appearance Boiling point (C) Specific Gravity (20C) Odour Solubility in Water (g/L, 20C) Vapour pressure (hPa, 20C) Viscosity (mPa*s, 25C)

Physical and chemical properties

C24H38O4 390.6 g/mol Clear colourless liquid 400 0.984 mild negligible 5.5610-10 64.1

Sales Specifications
Property
Appearance OXSOFT GPO Ester Content Free Alcohol Water Acid Number Platinum/Cobalt Colour (Hazen/APHA Colour)

Limit
Clear Liquid min. 96 min. 99.5 max. 0.1 max. 0.05 max. 0.05 max. 20

Unit
% (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) mg KOH/g

Test Method
Visual Examination Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography ASTM D 1364 / ASTM E 203 ASTM D 974 ASTM D 5386

PQR
x x x x x x x

18

OXSOFT TOTM Technical data

Application suggestion

OXSOFT TOTM is a permanent, non-migrating plasticizer with excellent elevated temperature properties. In every application where migration is a concern OXSOFT TOTM can limit these concerns due to its permanent character. Suggested and existing applications are medical, cable and wire. In automotive and in-house applications OXSOFT TOTM is highly recommended due to outstanding fogging and non-VOC properties.
O O O O O

CAS Number EINECS Number

3319-31-1 222-020-0

Formula Molecular Weight Appearance Boiling point (C) Specific Gravity (20C) Odour Solubility in Water (g/L, 25C) Vapour pressure (hPa, 20C) Viscosity (mPa*s, 40C)

Physical and chemical properties

C33H54O6 546.8 g/mol light yellow liquid 355 0.986 0.990 weak < 0.01 < 0.001 90

Sales Specifications
Property
Appearance Ester Content OXSOFT TOTM GPO DOP Rest Alcohol Water Acid Value Saponification Value Platinum/Cobalt Colour (Hazen/APHA Colour) Cr, Ba, Pb, Cu, Sn Cd Density (25C) Refractive Index nD25

Limit
light Yellow Liquid min. 99.0 min. 96.0 max. 1.0 max. 0.099 max. 0.1 max. 0.1 max. 0.1 300 320 max. 30 each < 1 < 0.6 0.986 0.990 1.4850 1.4870

Unit

Test Method
Visual Examination

PQR

% (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) mg KOH/g mg KOH/g

Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography ASTM E 203 ASTM D 974 Calculated from GC ASTM D 5386

x x x x x x x x

mg/kg mg/kg g/cm3

ASTM D 5185 ASTM D 5185 ASTM D 4052 ASTM D 1045

19

Glossary of terms

% % (w/w) % (a/a) C 3G8 APHA ASTM Ba CAS Cd cm COC Cr Cu DIDP DIN DINP DOA DOP EINECS g GC GPO HC hPa kg

percentage mass percent area-percent (of GC-graph) degree Celsius Triethylenglycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate American Public Health Association American Society for Testing Materials Barium Chemical Abstracts Service Cadmium cubic centimetre Cleveland open cup Chromium Copper Diisodecylphthalate German Institute for Standardization Diisononylphthalate Dioctyladipate Dioctylphthalate European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances gram Gas Chromatography General purpose octyl Hydrocarbon hectopascal kilogramme

KOH L max. mq mg min min. mm mod. mol MPa OXSOFT Pb phr PQR PVC qual. s Sn SVOC TOTM Verf. VOC VVOC wt %

Potassium hydroxide liter maximum mol quivalent milligram minute minimum square millimetre modified mole megapascal OXSOFT is a trademark of OXEA GmbH Lead parts per hundred of rubber Product Quality Report polyvinyl chloride qualitative second Tin semivolatile organic compounds Trioctyltrimellitate / Tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate procedure volatile organic compounds very volatile organic compounds percentage weight change

20

Disclaimer

The information presented in this brochure is believed to be accurate and reliable, but no warranty or guaranty, expressed or implied, is made regarding the information or the performance of any product. Further, nothing contained herein shall be taken as any inducement or recommendation to use, manufacture or sell that may infringe any patents or any other proprietary rights now or hereafter in existence. It is the sole responsibility of users to assure themselves that our material will meet their specific needs and can be used safely and effectively in their processes.

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OXEA is a World Leader in Oxo

Facts and Figures

Founded Owner Employees Annual Sales Plants Offices March 1, 2007 as a buy-out from Celanese and Evonik Advent International approx. 1,350 1.4 billion Euro Europe: Oberhausen, Marl, Amsterdam USA: Bay City, Bishop Europe: Oberhausen, Luxembourg Americas: Dallas, Mexico City Asia: Tokyo, Singapore, Shanghai Global supplier of Aldehydes, Oxo Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, Polyols, Esters, Specialty Esters and Amines Ingredients for paints & coatings, adhesives, flavors & fragrances, cosmetics, lubricants, pharmaceuticals and plastics Experienced global sales team providing service to customers in Europe, the Americas and Asia Dr. Martina Flel, Miguel Mantas, Cornelius Robertson and Bernhard Spetsmann Dr. Reinhard Gradl

Products Applications Sales Force Management Team Chairman

Learn more about OXEA and Advent

www.oxea-chemicals.com www.adventinternational.com

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the oxo people

OXEA

Otto-Roelen-Strae 3 46147 Oberhausen Germany

info@oxea-chemicals.com www.oxea-chemicals.com www.phthalate-free-plasticizers.com

OXEA GmbH Subject to change without notice Revision November 2011