Nahw Meer English: 8.
1 – Dependency
Attributes تَ َوابِ ُع
This chapter includes three sections covering several subjects that
are important to know:
Section 8.1 – Dependency Attributes – ١ . ٨ ﺼ ٌﻞ
ْ َﻓ
ت ََوا ِب ُع
A dependent word اَلتﱠا ِب ُعis a word that occurs after another word
and it is given status or flexibility ٌ ِإع َْرابof the first word. The first
word is called independent ُا َ ْل َم ْتب ُْوع. The second word is called
Dependent اَلتﱠا ِب ُع.
The rule of the Dependent word is that it follows the independent
word in flexibility ٌ ِإع َْراب.
Dependent words اَلتﱠ َوا ِب ُعare of five kinds:
Dependent No.1 اَلتﱠا ِب ُع ْاﻷ َ ﱠو ُل: It is the adjective ُﺼفﱠة
ّ ِ اَلand it is of two
types. First: This dependent word اَلتﱠا ِب ُعindicates the meaning in the
independent word ٌ َم ْتب ُْوع. For example, َجا َءنُ ْي َرجْ ٌﻞ َعا ِل ٌمmeaning “a
man came to me who was a scholar”. Second: This dependent word
اَلتﱠا ِب ُعindicates the meaning in the word which is about the
independent word ٌ َم ْتب ُْوع. For example,
ُ or ُأَب ُْوهmeaning “a man came to me whose servant
َ غ َﻼ ُمهُ َﺣ
ﺴ ٌﻦ َرجْ ٌﻞ َجا َء ِن ْي
was good looking or his father was good looking”.
Kinds of Type 1: This dependent word تَا ِب ٌعfollows the
independent word ٌ َم ْتب ُْوعin ten things: in Definite and
Indefinite Nouns ْف َو التﱠ ْن ِكي ُْر ُ اَلتﱠ ْع ِري, Male اَلتﱠ ْذ ِكي ُْر, Female ْث
ُ اَلتﱠاْنِي,
Singular ٌ ُم ْف َرد, Duality ُاَلت ﱠ ْث ِن َية, Plurality ا َ ْل َج ْم ُع, nominative لر ْﻓ ُع ا َ ﱠ,
Accusative ب ُ ﺼ ْ اَلنﱠ, Jussive َجزَ ٌمas in:
– ٰهذَا زَ ْيدٌ ْالعَا ِل ُمmeaning “this is Zaid who is a scholar”. Both Zaid
and scholar have a commonality in all four characteristics
required to define a Noun which are capacity, gender,
quantity, flexibility (Definite Noun, male, singular, and
Nominative).
َ ِع ْندِي َرجْ ٌﻞmeaning “I have with me a man who is a
– عا ِل ٌم
scholar” (Indefinite Noun male, singular, and Nominative)
– ان َ َر ُج َﻼ ِنmeaning “two (male) scholars” (Indefinite Noun
ِ عا ِل َم
male, dual, and Nominative)
– َعا ِل ُم ْون
َ ِر َجا ٌلmeaning “scholarly men” (Indefinite Noun male,
plural, and Nominative)
– ٌ اِ ْم َرأَة ٌ َعا ِل َمةmeaning “scholarly woman” (Indefinite Noun
female, plural, and Nominative)
– َان
ِ عا ِل َمت ِ إ ْم َرأتmeaning “two scholarly women” (Indefinite
َ َان
Noun female, dual, Nominative)
َ ٌ ِنﺴ َْوةmeaning “scholarly women” (Indefinite Noun
– ٌعا ِل َمات
female, plural, and Nominative)
Kinds of Type 2: Where type 2 is concerned, the dependent
word تَا ِب ٌعfollows the independent word ٌ َم ْتب ُْوعin five things: in
Definite and Indefinite Nouns ْف َو التﱠ ْن ِكي ُْر ُ اَلتﱠ ْع ِري, nominative لر ْﻓ ُع
ا َ ﱠ,
Accusative ب ْ اَلنﱠ, and Genitive ا َ ْل َج ﱡر. Other than these five, no
ُ ﺼ
other attributes are required to be followed as in:
- ُعا ِل ٌم أَب ُْوه
َ َجا َء ِن ْي َر ُج ٌﻞmeaning “A man came to me whose father
is a scholar”. For example, Allah SWT Says in Surah An-
Nisaa, Ayah 75
﴾الم أ َ ْهلُ َها ﴿ َر ﱠبنَا أ َ ْخ ِرجْ نَا ِم ْﻦ ٰه ِذ ِه ْالقَ ْر َي ِة ﱠ
ِ الظ
meaning “Our Lord, get us out from this village whose
people are oppressors”.
And adjective is required to be an Indefinite Noun ُ اَل ﱠن ِك َرةin a Verbal
Sentence ُ اَ ْل ُج ْملَةُ ْال َخ َب ِر ﱠيةas in َعا ِل ٌم أَب ُْوهُ َر ُج ٌﻞ َجا َء ِن ْيmeaning “a man came
to me whose father was a scholar”. When this happens, there must
be a Pronoun ض ِمي ٌْر َ that points toward the Indefinite Noun ٌ َن ِك َرة.
Here the Pronoun (ُ )هis pointing towards the Indefinite Noun رجْ ٌﻞ. َ
Dependent No.2 اَلتﱠا ِب ُع الثﱠا ِن ْي: It is the word for emphasis ُ اَلتﱠاك ْيد. It
establishes the status of dependent word اَلتﱠا ِب ُعto follow its
independent word ُ ا َ ْل َم ْتب ُْوعsuch that no doubt remains for the
listener.
لَ ْف ِظ ﱞand Implied ي
Emphasis ُ اَلتﱠا ِك ْيدis of two kinds, Literal ي َم ْع َن ِو ﱞ.
-Literal Emphasis ض ْي ِ اَلتﱠا ِك ْيد ُ ْاللﱠ ْفis achieved by repetition of
words, as in زَ ْيدٌ زَ ْيدٌ قَا ِئ ٌمmeaning “Zaid is
definitelystanding”, or ب َ ض َر َ ٌب زَ ْيد َ meaning “Zaid
َ ض َر
definitely hit” or ِإ ﱠن زَ ْيدًا قَا ِئ ٌم ِإ ﱠنmeaning “very definitely,
Zaid is standing”.
-Implied Emphasis ي اَلتﱠا ِك ْيدُ ْال َم ْع َن ِو ﱡhas eight words for it.
These are:
1) ﺲٌ َن ْفused for self
2) عي ٌْﻦ َ used for self
3) ِك َﻼused for male duality
4) ِك ْلتَاused for female duality
ِك َﻼand ِك ْلتَاdo not have any meaning by themselves.
The next four are used altogether.
5) أجْ َم ُعUsed for the plurality
6) أ ْكتَ ُعUsed for the Plurality
7) أ ْبتَ ُعUsed for the Plurality
8) ﺼ ُعَ أ ْبUsed for the Plurality
As in ُ َجا َء ِن ْي زَ ْيد ٌ َن ْفﺴُهmeaning "Zaid came to me himself", َجا َء ِن ْي
ان أ َ ْنفُﺴُ ُه َما ﱠmeaning “both Zaids came to me themselves”,
ِ َالز ْيد
ﺴ ُهم ُ ُ َجا َء ِن ْي زَ ْيد ُْونَ أَ ْنفmeaning “all Zaids came to me themselves”.
Similarly, you can guess these for the word عي ٌْﻦ َ .
Also, ان ِك ْﻼ ُه َما َجا َء ِن ْي ﱠmeaning both Zaids themselves came to
ِ َالز ْيد
me and ت ْ ان ِك ْلتَا ُه َما َجا َء
ِ َ ْال ِه ْندmeaning both Hinds (female name)
came to me themselves. ِك َﻼand ِك ْلتَاare both reserved for
duality ا َ ْل ُمثَنﱣى.
َ َجا َء ِن ْي ْال َق ْو ُم ُكلﱡ ُه ْم أَجْ َمعُ ْونَ َوأ َ ْكتَعُ ْونَ َوأ َ ْبتَعُ ْونَ َوأ َ ْبmeaning “The
Also, َﺼعُ ْون
entire community/nation came to me”. And أ َ ْكتَ ُع, أ َ ْبتَ ُع, and ﺼ ُع َ أ َ ْب
are dependent on أَجْ َم ُع. They do not act without أَجْ َم ُعand they
do not come before it.
Dependent No. 3 ث ُ اَلتﱠا ِب ُع الثﱠا ِل: It is the substitute (The permutative)
ا َ ْلبَدَ ُلand it is a dependent because its aim is to be related to its
independent word ُا َ ْل َم ْتب ُْوع. There are four types of substitutes, بَدَ ُل ْال ُك ِّﻞ,
ِ ْ َبدَ ُل, , َبدَ ُل اَ ْلغَلَ ِطand ض
اﻻ ْش ِت َما ِل ِ َبدَ ُل ْال َب ْع.
1) Complete Substitute َبدَ ُل ْال ُك ِّﻞ: It is a substitute by itself for
independent word, ُ اَل ُم ْبدَ ْل ِم ْنهas in
َ َجا َء ِن ْي زَ ْيدٌ أ َ ُخ ْوكmeaning “Zaid came to me, your brother” or in
other words “Zaid, your brother came to me”. َ أ َ ُخ ْوكhere is the
complete substitute for ٌ زَ ْيد.
2) Partial Substitute ضِ بَدَ ُل ْال َب ْع: It is a partial substitute from
its independent word, as in
ُ ْب زَ ْيدٌ َرأ
ُ سه ُ meaning “Zaid was hit, his head” or in other
َ ض ِر
words “Zaid was hit on his head”. ُ َراسُهhere is a partial
substitute for Zaid ٗ ا َ ْل ُم ْبدَ ُل ِم ْنهbecause it is a part of Zaid’s body.
ِ ْ بَدَ ُل: It is a substitute that is
3) Relative Substitute اﻻ ْش ِت َما ِل
related to the independent word ا َ ْل ُم ْبدَ ُل ِم ْنهas in ب َ ثَ ْوبُهُ زَ ْيدٌ سُ ِل
meaning “taken from Zaid, his clothes” or in other words
“Zaid’s clothes were taken from him”.
4) Corrective Substitute بَدَ ُل ْالغَلَ ِط: It is added after a wrong
word is said, for correction with the right word, as in َُم َر ْرت
ٍ ِب َر ُج ٍﻞ ِﺣ َمmeaning I passed by a man, a donkey. The speaker
ار
meant to say I passed by a donkey but since he had already
said the word a man, he corrected it by adding a donkey.
Dependent No. 4 الرا ِب ُع اَلتﱠا ِب ُع ﱠ: It is the additive with letter of
conjunction ()و َ or ف ْال َوا ِوِ ف ِب َح ْر ْ ْالIt aims to relate both dependent
ُ عط
تَا ِب ٌعand independent ٌ َم ْتب ُْوعwords and it introduces a Particle from
Additive/Conjunctive Particles. For example, letter ( )وas in ع ْم ٌرو َو َ
زَ ْيدٌ َجا َء ِن ْيmeaning “Zaid and Amr came to me”. This is also called
ِ ف ال ﱠن ْﺴ
ق ُ ط ْ عَ .
The ten Additive/Conjunctive Particles ٌ عش ََرة
َ ف ْ ف ْال َع
ِ ط ُ ُﺣ ُر ْوwill be
described in later Sections, in-sha-Allah.
Dependent No. 5 ﺲ ِ اَلتﱠا ِب ُع ْالخ: It is the statement additive ْان
ُ َام ِ ف ْال َبي ْ ع
ُ ط َ . It
is dependent on an independent word ٌ َم ْتب ُْوعthatis not an adjective
ٌﺻفَة
ِ and there is no Additive Particle between them. For example,
ع َم ُر ٍ ﺴ َم ِبا ِ أَب ُْو َﺣ ْف
ُ ص َ أ َ ْقmeaning “Hafsa’s father Omar swears by Allah
SWT”. This is because Omar is famous by his name and not by his
calling name ُﺼة َ أب ُْو َﺣ ْف. Another example is:
ع ْم ٍرو أَب ُْو زَ ْيدٌ َجا َء ِن ْي
َ meaning “Zaid came to me, Amr’s father” or in
other words “Amr’s father Zaid came to me” because Amr is famous
by his calling name
َ أَب ُْو.
ع ْم ٍرو
