Nahw Meer English: 1.4/1.
5 - Sentences/Signs of
Word Types
Section 1.4 –
Sentences – ٤ .١ ﺼ ٌﻞ
ْ َﻓ
ٌُﺟ ْﻤﻠَﺔ
A sentence ٌ ُﺟ ْﻤﻠَﺔmust include at least two words ات ٌ َك ِﻠ َﻤ. Each
word can be explicit ﻈا ً ﻟَ ْﻔ, that is, spelled out, as in ٌب زَ ْيد َ ض َر
َ
meaning “Zaid hit” and زَ يد ٌ قَائ ٌمmeaning Zaid is standing; or
ً ت َ ْقدi.e. hidden, as in ْ اِض ِْربmeaning “hit!”
Implicit ِيرا
command, in which Pronoun ت َ أ َ ْنmeaning "you" is Implicit.
A sentence often consists of more than two words ات ٌ َك ِﻠ َﻤand
there is no limit to the number of words ات ٌ َك ِﻠ َﻤin a sentence.
Words in a sentence cannot be other than a Noun, Verb, or a
Particle. When you see a sentence, differentiate between
Nouns, Verbs, and Particles, and notice whether they are
flexible ب ٌ ُم ْع َرor Inflexible ﻲ
َم ْﺒﻨِ ﱞand whether they have
active elements/Particles ام ٌﻞ ِ ﻋَ or the target of the action is
َم ْع ُﻤ ْو ٌل. By doing so, you will understand how words are
joined and you will differentiate between Object ٌ ُم ْﺴﻨَدand
Subject ُم ْﺴﻨَد ٌ ِإﻟَ ْي ِه.
Section 1.5 – Signs of Word
Types تِ ﻋ َﻼ َماتُ ْاﻟ َك ِﻠ َﻤا ْ َﻓ
َ – ٥ .١ ﺼ ٌﻞ
Signs for recognizing that a word is a Noun اِ ْس ٌم:
1. Addition of the alphabets ( )اand ( )لbefore the word,
as in ُا َ ْﻟ َح ْﻤد.
2. Addition of a Genitive Particle ف ْاﻟ َج ِ ّر ُ َح ْرbefore the
word, as in بِزَ ْي ٍد. Particles will be explained in later
sections in-sha-Allah.
3. A tanween (◌), ٌ ( ً◌) or (◌), ٍ at the end of the word as
in ٌزَ ْيد.
4. The word is made a Subject ُم ْﺴﻨَدٌ ِإﻟَ ْي ِهas in زَ ْيد ٌ قَا ِئ ٌم
meaning “Zaid is standing” where ٌ زَ ْيدis the Subject
ُم ْﺴﻨَدٌ ِإﻟَ ْي ِهand قَائِ ٌمis the Object ٌ ُم ْﺴﻨَد.
5. The word is made Possessor اف ِإﻟَ ْي ِه ٌ ض َ ُمof a
Possessive Compound ﻲ ضا ِﻓ ﱡ ِْ ب
َ اﻹ ُ اﻟ ُﻤ َر ﱠكas in غ َﻼ ُم زَ ْي ٍدُ
meaning “servant of Zaid” where غ َﻼ ُم ُ meaning
“servant” is Possessed اف ٌ ض َ ُمand زَ ْي ٍدis Possessor
اف ِإﻟَ ْي ِه ٌ ض َ ُم.
6. The word is made a diminutive ير ٌ ﺼ ِغْ َ تas in ْش ٌ قُ َري
which is the tribe of the Prophet ﷺ. ْش ٌ قُ َريis a
diminutive version of ش ٌ قَ َر.
7. The word is related to another Noun as in َب ْغدَادِي
which relates to being from ُ بَ ْغدَاد.
8. The word is made into a dual ا َ ْﻟ ُﻤثَﻨﱣىas in َر ُﺟ َﻼ ِن
meaning “two men”.
9. The word is in the form of a plural َﺟ ْﻤ ٌﻊas in ِر َﺟا ٌل
meaning “several men”.
10. The word is a describedword ف ٌ ص ُو ُ َم ْوas in the
sentence ﻋا ِﻟ ٌم َ َﺟا َء َر ُﺟ ٌﻞmeaning “a learned man came”.
Here the word َر ُﺟ ٌﻞis ف ٌ ص ْوُ َم ْوand it is being given
the adjective ُﺼﻔَﺔ ّ ِ اَﻟof a scholar ﻋا ِﻟ ٌم َ .
11. Addition of letter ةcalled round ta or ط ِﺔ تَا ُء َ ْاﻟ َﻤ ْربُ ْو
or ث ِ تَا ُءاﻟتﱠا ِن ْيas in ٌار َبﺔ َ meaning “the (female) hitter”.
ِ ض
Signs for recognizing that a word is a Verb:
1. قَ ْدappears before the word as in ب َ قَ ْدmeaning
َ ض َر
“he has hit”.
2. The letter سbefore a word as in ب ُ سيَض ِْر َ meaning
“soon (near future) he will hit”.
3. The letters ف َ before a word as in ف
َ س ْو َ س ْو
َ ب
ُ َيض ِْر
meaning “soon (later in future) he will hit”.
4. A Jussive Particle ف ْاﻟ َجزَ ِمُ َح ْرbefore a word as in ﻟَ ْم
ْ َيض ِْربmeaning he did not hit ﻟَ ْم. is an active Particle
that only comes before a verb and gives sukoon (◌) ْ to
the last alphabet of that Verb.
5. There is an attached Pronoun at the end of it,which
is Nominative ٌ َم ْرﻓُ ْوعas in ُض َربْت َ meaning “I hit” or
there is a letter ( )تwith sukoon (◌) ْ at the end of the
word as in ت َ meaning “she hit” or “they hit”.
ْ َض َرب
6. The word is an Imperative أ َ ْم ٌرas in ْ اِض ِْربmeaning
a command “strike!”.
7. The word is a negative Imperative ﻲ ٌ نَ ْهor نَ ْهيًاas in َﻻ
ْ تَض ِْربmeaning do not strike (female absent/male
present). َﻻhere is acting as a Jussive َﺟزَ ٌمParticle as
before.
Signs for recognizing that a word is a Particle:
The word that is free of any of the signs of a Noun اِ ْس ٌم
or a Verb ﻓِ ْع ٌﻞ.
