OET Reading Part A Mock Test
Time allowed: 15 minutes
Instructions:
Complete the 20 questions below using the information
provided in the four texts (A-D).
Answer all questions.
Write your answers clearly.
Topic: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Text A: Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a
gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is defined by a reduced
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 milliliters per minute
per 1.73 m² for at least three months. CKD is classified into five
stages, with Stage 1 being the mildest (GFR ≥ 90 mL/min) and Stage
5, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring dialysis
or kidney transplantation. Common causes include diabetes,
hypertension, and glomerulonephritis.
Text B: Symptoms and Diagnosis of CKD
The symptoms of CKD often go unnoticed until the disease has
progressed significantly. Early signs can include fatigue, swelling in
the legs and ankles, and changes in urination. As the condition
worsens, patients may experience nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps,
and shortness of breath. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through
blood tests measuring serum creatinine, which is used to estimate
GFR, and urine tests to detect protein or blood in the urine.
Ultrasound and other imaging studies may also be used to assess
kidney size and detect structural abnormalities.
Text C: Management of CKD
Management of CKD focuses on slowing the progression of the
disease and preventing complications. Lifestyle modifications, such
as reducing salt intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and
controlling blood pressure, are essential. Medications commonly
used include ACE inhibitors or ARBs to control blood pressure and
reduce proteinuria. In later stages, managing complications such as
anemia, bone mineral disease, and electrolyte imbalances becomes
crucial. Regular monitoring of kidney function and addressing
cardiovascular risk factors is also important to improve patient
outcomes.
Text D: Diet and Nutrition for CKD Patients
Dietary management plays a key role in the treatment of CKD.
Patients are often advised to limit protein intake to reduce the
workload on the kidneys. Sodium, potassium, and phosphorus
intake may also need to be restricted, depending on the stage of
CKD. Foods high in potassium, such as bananas and oranges, should
be consumed in moderation, while phosphorus-rich foods like dairy
products and nuts should be limited. Maintaining adequate caloric
intake while managing these dietary restrictions is vital, especially
for patients with advanced CKD. A registered dietitian can help
create a personalized meal plan that meets nutritional needs
without exacerbating kidney function decline.
Questions:
1-7: Complete the sentences below with information from the texts.
1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is identified by a glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) of less than _________ milliliters per minute
per 1.73 m² for at least three months.
2. The mildest stage of CKD, known as Stage 1, has a GFR of
_________ or higher.
3. Two common early symptoms of CKD include _________ and
_________.
4. CKD diagnosis can be confirmed by measuring serum _________
levels in the blood.
5. _________ and ARBs are two types of medications commonly
used to manage blood pressure in CKD patients.
6. Patients with CKD may need to limit their intake of _________
and _________, depending on the stage of the disease.
7. A dietitian can create a meal plan that balances _________ intake
while managing dietary restrictions in CKD patients.
8-14: Match the following statements (A-G) with the corresponding
texts (A-D).
Tex
Statement
t
A. CKD patients may need dialysis or kidney transplantation at
advanced stages.
B. Early symptoms of CKD may go unnoticed.
C. CKD patients need to reduce their protein intake to ease
kidney function.
D. Diagnosis of CKD can involve imaging studies to assess
kidney size.
E. Managing cardiovascular risk factors is important in CKD
management.
F. CKD can result from underlying conditions such as diabetes or
hypertension.
G. Patients with advanced CKD may experience symptoms such
as muscle cramps and nausea.
15-20: Answer the following questions using information from the
texts.
15. What is the classification system used to categorize the
severity of CKD?
16. Which two nutrients might need to be restricted in the
diets of CKD patients due to their impact on kidney function?
17. What lifestyle change is recommended to help manage
blood pressure in CKD patients?
18. What is the purpose of using ACE inhibitors in CKD
management?
19. How does a high phosphorus intake affect CKD patients?
20. Why is regular monitoring of kidney function important in
CKD patients?
