•

4.Name four materials a farmer requires in order to construCt a barbed wire fence •

(2marks)
KALA JOINT PRE- MOCK EXAMINATION-2024
Wire strainer, staples, concrete (sand, cement, aggregates), water, old engine oil
Kenya Certificate of Secondary education
443/2 AGRICULTURE Paper 2 5.Name four components of milk (2marks)

• MAY2024 2hrs
Fat, water, proteins, ash, lactose, total solids

6.State the color difference between the California and earlops rabbit breeds.

(Imarks)

California white - white in colour with one or more of the following parts ears , nose,
paws, tail are black

Earlops is pure white

MARK.ING SCHEME

SECTION A (30MKS) 7.Name one goat breed that is reared for:

•·
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
i. meat (1'2 marks)
ii. galla , boer
I.Name three poultry diseases that are controlled by vaccination. (\!,mks)
iii. mohair (1'2 marks) angora

Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, , fowl pox,

8 list two sources of farm power which are environmental friendly
2.Name four stages ticks go through in their life-cycle (2mks)
- Wind

egg- larva---nymph----adult - Farm animals

- Electricity
3. ohmne four functions of p_!"oteins in the .bo�y of an animal. (2mks)

•. - - • Growth; repair and replacement of worn out body tissues.

- Solar energy

- Water (any 2 x Y, = lmk)

• Production of antibodies which protect the animal from diseases. 9.what do we mean by the term notifiable diseases as used in livestock health
(
• Production of digestive enzymes to break food particles. A highly infectious disease whose outbreak must be reported to the authority so as to impose

quarantine (l x 1 = lmk)
• Production of certain hormones in the body.
IO.Give the mineral whose deficiency causes the following disorders in livestock.
• Production of such products eg meat, milk, eggs and wool.

1 2

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 a. Anaemia (l/2mk)-iron -existing pastures can be used to rear more animals

b. Patakeratosis Y,mk zinc 17. State four construction features necessary In a fish pond

- An outlet to drain off excess water

-An inlet for fresh water supply

11.Name four components oflPower transmission system of.a tractor
- A spill way channel to take away excess water I overflow water
- Clutch
- A screen to prevent escaping of fish/entry of unwanted objects I fish
- Gear
- Dykes / dam walls
- Differential
- A fence to keep off predators / unauthorized persons (Any 4 x Y, = 2mks)
- Final drive (4 x Y, = 2mks)

12. Distinguish between raddling and sire sine

•
Raddling-fitting rams with chutes with dyes at breast brisket during mating to show which ram has
!upped "'l hich ewe.
. .

• sire sine harnass-fitting with canvas apron around the penis to prevent the rams from mating the ewes
(mark as a whole lmk)

18. Give three ways of stimulating milk let down in a dairy cow.

13.State four advantages of treating building materials

- Presence of calf /milkman / milking parlour

- Increase durability
- Washing I massaging udder

- Prevents rotting
- Feeding

- Prevent damage by rodents

- Sounds associated with milking

- Improve their workability (4 x Y, = 2mks)

- Maintaining regular milking intervals

14. If records show that a gilt was served on 27th September 2020.Which date did it give (Any 3 x Y, = 1 Y, mks)
- Washing with warm water
birth. (Y,mk) 24 january202 l to 3'd february
19. State three field conditions under which a disc plough should be used instead of a

15. Name the part of the digestive system of poultry where insoluble grit is found. (l/2mk) mouldboard plough. (1 Vzmks).

gizzard Obstacles-like Stones and roots

16.State four importance of creep feeding. (2mks) Hard and dry soils

-facilitate early weaning Soil covered with vegetation and trash

-to achieve the desired market weight early Wet,heavy and sticky so
•
-make the young animal Jess prone to internal parasite 20. give four reasons why farmers castrate bulls. (2mks)

• 3
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 •·
To control mating

�ontrol sexually transmitted diseases

• Enhanc e faster growth

Improve quality of carcass

Make male animal docile c

21. Distinguish between each of the following pair of terms as used in livestock production

a) Name tool (3 mks)

a) selection and breeding (lmark)

A.milk strainer
selection is the process of choosing male and female animals of desired chararcteristics
.

to become the parents of future generation B wire strainer

breeding - practice of allowing selected male and female to mate. Cjack plane
I
b) state the correct use of each tool. (3mks)

A sieves milk

B -tightening fencing wires

SECTION B (20mks) C. smoothen wood surfaces

Answer all the questions in the section in the spaces provided State two maintenance practices that should be carried out to ensure that tool C is in a good •
working condition. (2mks) 1

21.0bserve the tools A, B and C illustrated below then answer the questions that follow. Knobs and handles should be replaced when broken
Blunt cutting edges to sharpened with oilstone
The plane should be laid on its side when not in use
•
22. The picture below shows a poultry rearing system .

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 Apply oil before long storage

Paint metallic parts to prevent rusting

a)Identify the rearing system .(lmk)

free range system 24.A ration containing 20% DCP for growing chicks is to be obtained by mixing ground

maize containing 10% DCP and fishmeal containing 50% DCP. Calculate the amount of each
b)From the picture, state two ways in which the system can lead to low eggs production.
feedstuff in kilograms required to prepare 200kg of the feed. (3mks)
(2marks)

some eggs can get lost in the grass

energy that would have been used in egg production is spent in walking

c)State two ways in which the rearing system can lead to lose of birds . (2marks)

• they can consumed by predators

can be stolen by thieves
Maize 10% 30 parts of maize

2 3.0bse�e the machinery illustrated below them answer the questio�s that follow.
•

20

Fish meal 50% 10 parts of fishmea

a) Name the machinery (1 mk) Maize --30/40 x 200=150 kg

seed planter/ drill Fish meal-10/40x 200= 50kg

b) state the functionof the machinery ('lmk)

SECTION-C (·40mks)
planting seeds This section only consists of three questions . answer any two questions from this section
c) Give two maintenance practices that should be carried out to the machinery you have

identified above (2mks)

26 a) i) animals affected.
1 Loose nuts and bolts should be tightened
- affects all domesticated pigs (1x1 = lmk)

• Lubricate moving parts

ii) causative agent
)

Repair broken parts

- Virus (lrido virus) (1x1 = lmk)
Replace worn out parts

7
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• iii)symptoms

- Rise in temperature up to 40°c-41°c

•
- Lack of appetite 27 a) Explain SIX mechanical methods of controlling ticks. (12mks)

- Animals become depressed •Burning the infested pastures destroys a large number of eggs, larvae, nymphs and
adults.
- Animals become weak
• Interfering with or altering the tick's environment in the following ways:
- Animals start coughing •Ploughing pasture land to expose the eggs to suns heat for desiccation or by
burringthem deeply.
- Nosal discharge • Top dressing pastures using lime or dressing using an acaricide.
• •Fencing off the pasture land and farm combined with regular use of acaricides.
- Diarrhoea (1 x 4 = 4mks)
• Starving the ticks to death by keeping the animals away from infested pastures through
iv) control measures rotational grazing.
•Hand picking the ticks from livestock and killing them (d,e-ticking)
7
- Vaccinate nimals incase of outbreak i

- Imposition of quarantine
.b) State and explain four ways through which power transmitted from the engine is made
available for use. (8�s)
- Kill and dispose the affected animals •The propeller shaft-This connects the gearbox to the differential that has axli:s which
drive the wheels making the tractor to move.
- Prevent consumption of pig products
•The power take off shaft (PTO shaft)-It is located at the rear part of the tractor and
- Institute double fencing to keep wild animals away (1 x 4 = 4mks)
rotates at same speed as the crankshaft. It can be connected to machines such as mowers,
planters, rotavators, sprayers and fertilizer spreaders.
b) Discus the process of digestion in ruminants animal •The hydraulic system-It is attached to the three-point linkage which lowers or raises
mounted implements like ploughs, mowers, planters and sprayers.
- Body conformation -should conform with breed
•The draw bar-It serves for the attachment of trailed implements that can be used during
- Fertility I breeding ability-should be fertile harrowing, transportation or rolling.
)

• - Adaptability of the breed to the area e.g climate I hardness 28. a) essentials of clean milk production
- Mothering ability incase of female i) Healthy milking herd - cows should be tested annually for milk borne diseases

- Production potential I yielding capacity-high yield such as tuberculosis and brucellosis.

•
(
- Temperament / behaviour e.g cannibalism, egg eating aggressive. ii) Clean milking cows

- Deformities / abnormalities eg one eyed, lamness etc should avoid. The udder, flanks and underline should be washed and dried before each milking
- - -
- Health - good health - The lqng hair on the udder and flanks should be clip11.ed regularly_ to �void milk contamination.

- Off spring performance

iii) Healthy and clean milkman

- Age of animal-young animal I not given milk more than 3 times - The milkman should be healthy, physically clean and with good habits

- Life span I reproductive life

iv) Clean milking shed

- Prolificacy
- The milking shed/ parlour should be kept clean. The walls should pe white
I

- Quality of products
washed

- Disease resistance (10 x 1 = 10mk)

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 •

v) Clean milking utensils

- Milking utensils should be kept clean by washing with hot water and a detergent.

vi) Milk filtration cooling and storage

- Milk should be filtered and cooled immediately down to s0c after milking It

should be stored in a cool dry and dust free place/delivered to consumers

Immediately.

• vii) Avoid flavours in milk

- Foodstuffs which cause bad flavours in milk should be fed to cows after milking

(any 7 points x 2 = 14mks)

b) explain five advantages of embryo transplant. (I Omks)

• It is possible to implant embryo from a high quality female to less valuable female and
hence improve the performance of the offspring.

• It,stimulates milk production in a female that was not ready to produce milk. •
• A highly productive female can be spread over a large area to benefit many farmers.

• It is easier to transpoq: embryos in test tubes than the whole animal.

• Embryos can be stored for long periods awaiting availability of a recipient female.

11

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 t3reak flower stalks to maintain quality
lx6 =6mks

22 a) (i) Land preparatio11

1
- Clear the land to remove all stumps
Dig, plough the land to remove perennial weeds I roots 20 cm deep
Harrow the land ; to a fine filth
Prepare the land during the dry season I before the rains
lx5 =Smks
ii) thinning 4 cm apart/ btn plants
weeding uprooting or herbicide •
apply Calcium Anunonium Nitrate at I 0 cm height at recommended rate
control diseases like leaf spot by spraying suitable fungicide
control pests like nematode through crop rotation
- or green aphids by use of appropriate pesticide
b)cultufal methods of soil and water conservation

,, Grass/ Filter strips:- reduce speed of flowing water/ filter soil; Cover cropping:prevents surface
flow/ reduces impact of rain drops/ prevents evapor ation/ volatilization; Contour farming:­
creates ridges of soil which hold up water/ reduce speed of run-off; Mulching:- reduces impact
of rain drops/ prevents evaporation/ surface run-off;
Rotational grazing:- allows grass to recover for soil�nd water conservation;
Crop rotation: maintain soil cover for protection against erosion/ improves soil str ucture thus
increasing infiltration;
Inter cropping:- provides adequate cover on the soil;
Strip cropping:- the different strips reduce speed of run-off/filter soil;
Grassed/ vegetated waterways:- slow the speed of water/ trap eroded soil;
Afforestation/Re-afforestation; Act as water catchments/ stabilizes soil/ canopy intercepts
raindrops/ wind;
A groforestry:stabilises soil/ canopy intercepts raindrops/ act as water catchmen/ wind;
Use of manures/fertilizers; Promotes vegetative growth which covers soil again evaporation
and erosion;
Correct spacing of crops; Ensure adequate soil cover. 6. Cover crops which reduce impact of
raindrops and erosive (power of surface run off. They also reduce evaporation of water ,
volatilization and ind erosionlx7 = 7mk

23a) -Proper supervision of land

-Economic use of time and saving of transportation costs.
-Easy provision of agricultural advice by extension officers.
-Ensures sound farm planning and adoption of crop rotation programmes.
-Facilitates soil conservation and land improvement.
•·
-Promotes construction of permanent structures eg buildings and fences.:
-Registered land gives the farmer legal ownership and the title deed which can be used to
obtain Joans.
-Weed, pei;t and disease control is enhanced.

I
-Facilitates mechanization especially because of large holdings. (6marks)
•

i
5

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