CSP Narendra
CSP Narendra
SERVICE
PROJECT
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Crop Rotation
A Community Service Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of B-tech
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
By
J.Narendra
(23HU5A0505)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT, entile
“CROP ROTATION” being submitted by Mr.J.Narendra Bearing
Regno.(23HU5A0505) in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING to the Jawaharlal nehru technological university, Ananthapur, and work
carried out him/her under my guidance and supervision. The results provided in the project
report have not been submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any
degree.
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Name of the College : Tadipatri Engineering college
Date of Submission :
Student’s declaration
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I Mr. J.Narendra, a student of CSP Program, Reg. No.23HU5A0505 of Department of
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING in TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE do
hereby declare that I have completed the mandatory community service from dd-mm-yy to dd-mm-yy
in tadipatri under the Faculty Guideship of sir name ,Department of COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING IN TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE ,TADIPATRI,ANANTAPUR.
Endorsements
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This is to certify that J.Narendra , R.No : 23HU5A0505, of TADIPATRI ENGONEERING
COLLEGE, TADIAPTRI ,ANANTAPUR underwent community service in Anantapur
District from dd-mm-yy to dd-mm-yy.
Acknowledgements
The Satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible, whose constant
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guidance and encouragement crowned our efforts with success.it is a pleasant aspect the we
have now the opportunity to express my gratitude for all of them.
Signature
Presented at
Veerapuram village
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON
CROP ROTATION
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Presented by:
B.Venkateswar Reddy(23HU5A0506)
M.Govardhan Reddy(23HU5A0502)
I.MD.irfan(23HU5A0504)
J.Narendra((23HU5A0505)
L.Yuvaraju(22HU1A05B2)
Contents
1 Introduction 9-10
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2. Why Crop Rotation 11
9 Conclusion 26
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the
same area across a sequence of growing seasons. It reduces reliance on one set of
nutrients, pest and weed pressure, and the probability of developing resistant pests
and weeds.
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Fig 1.1 cycle of crop rotation
Crop rotation not only on Indian Agriculture but also the whole world is as
follows:
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CHAPTER-2
We selected the village near college named Pedda Tekur for this project because
before some years this village looks very good means very greenly. Everyone do
agriculture and agriculture is not a job it is a responsibility. In epics also there is a
statement that farmers are the back bone of India , but now farmers are not doing
agriculture because there are not getting sufficient money for there work. Now we
motivate farmers by new farming techniques like Crop rotation and Inter cropping.
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Fig 2.1 sequence of growing crops
Chapter 3
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Fig 3.1: Rotation of crops
Crop rotation has been practiced for many thousand years ago in
India. These days, people from all walks of life are more than ready to
invest nutritious and chemical free product that can enrich their overall
health in the long run and are doing their bit to promote healthy living
within the society. The basic aim of Organic Farming is to maintain
human welfare without affecting the environment and follows the
principles of health and care for all including soil. In today’s world
practice of Crop Rotation has a combination of tradition, innovation and
science. Agriculture and allied sector accounts for 16% of the country’s
GDP, 14% of overall exports and provides employment to over 55% of
the workforce in the country.
Chapter – 4
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Fig 4.1:Sustainable agriculture
The success of Crop rotation depends on the soil type and fertility of the
farm. It should always be noted that the soil in the field where you want
to do Organic Farming should be healthy and fertile. Some insecticides
are present in soil and water for years. These can adversely affect the
nervous system through crop products which can also lead to serious
diseases like cancer. Therefore, as far as possible, one should stay away
from pesticides. Before starting Organic Farming, the land is not
considered suitable for organic food for two years. So that during this
period crops can absorb all the harmful and toxic elements present in the
soil.
SELECTION OF SPECIES/VARIETIES
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Any species of a crop can be planted for Crop rotation. But it has been
felt that indigenous species will be more suitable for Organic Farming.
Because their energy demand is less. Some crops are fragile and are
susceptible to pests and diseases. As fares possible, anti-disease species of
crops should be selected. Often, a packet of seeds of such crops is
inscribed. It is also notable here that transgenic crops and their species are
not used in Organic Farming.
ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Among the organic manures used in the country are dung manure, compost
manure, vermicompost, poultry manure, animal laying, pigs and sheep manure
and cow dung manure. Normally 5 kg of cow dung and one ton of compost
manure. Nitrogen, 2-5 phosphorus and 5 kg potash are available. Mostly dung is
used by farmers to burn as dung cakes. Some biodynamic manures like cow urine,
animal horn manure, bone manure are also being used in Organic Farming.
Compost made with the help of earthworms by mixing crop residues, weeds,
leaves of herb vegetables and cow dung is called vermicompost or earthworm
compost. By this method, organic residues are kept in a long pile and earthworms
are left in the Eisen fetid. The vermi compost is prepared in about 45 days.
Organic fertilizers improve soil quality as well as increase the availability of
major, second and micronutrients. Only 30 percent of the given amount of organic
fertilizers in a crop is used in the first year, the remaining amount is used by the
next crop. The availability of phosphorus in the soil also increases due to the
humid content in organic fertilizers.
ORGANIC MANURES
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for sustainable farming and maintaining soil health. Organic fertilizers are
easily available at low cost and they are also very easy to use. The use of
organic fertilizers increases the yield of various crops by 10 to 25 percent.
They are considered to be the main ingredients of Organic Farming
management. Rhizobium and Azotobacter provide nitrogen (78 per cent)
present in the atmosphere and deposited in the ground through fixation.
PSB By changing the insoluble phosphorus in the soil to a soluble state,
the phosphorus for the plants increases the availability, which also
benefits the next crops.
USE OF PULSES CROPS
Crop must be grown once a year. Pulses are not only a nutritional base for
more than half of India’s population, but are also the cheapest source of
protein and essential amino acid supplies. In addition, due to lack of
protein in the diet, malnutrition due to lack of protein can also be
prevented. The roots of lentil crops contain knots of Rhizobium bacteria,
which act as nitrogen fixation. After harvesting wheat, coral crop should
be taken. After plucking two coral beans, the crop should be plowed and
mixed into the soil.
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Chapter – 5
Daily progress of our internship.
Day1:
We started surveying our town to find where and how many fields are present.
What they are currently growing and in which part of town most fields were
present.
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Day2:
We went to fields in the outskirts of our town and met with farmers who were
already working on their lands. We asked the farmers how they grow different
types of crops.
We have collected some information about their crops, pesticides and soil.
Day3:
We visited some other fields. We noticed that every farmer is cultivating wheat
and paddy crops only. Most of the farmers using pesticides for the cultivation of
the crop for better profits.
Day4 & 5:
We also visited some villages nearby and visited their fields and found out what
were the differences in practising cultivation in villages and in our town.
Day 6:
We listed down the major problems faced by the farmer in our town and we
asked them if they were getting any help from the government.
Day 7:
We suggested them to do crop rotation by explaining what it is. What are
its benefits. How it can increase the yield. How it should be followed. How
they can get more help from the government.
Problems of farmers
We went to the farming lands which are located in the outskirts of Pedda Tekur
and we made discussions with farmers.
The major problems that farmers facing are:
1) Quality of seeds The importance of quality seeds has been recognized from
the time immemorial. The old scripture, Manu Smriti says “Subeejam Sukshetre
Jayate Sampadyathe” i.e.,
Good seed in good soil yields abundantly. Seed quality has been treated as
sacred, being an important factor in the improvement of agriculture and agrarian
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societies. The Rigveda, 2000 BC indicate the importance accorded to seed and
the mother earth. 5th century Kautilya Artha Shasthra, surapalas
vrikshayurveda mentioned importance of seed and mentioned about seed
treatments to ensure good germination. Seed dressing with milk, vidanga,
cowdung, honey to protect the seed during germination.
Although the importance of seed was recognized in ancient agriculture, the need
for organized seed production was identified only at the beginning of 20th
century when Royal commission of Agriculture (1925) recommended spread of
improved varieties and seed distribution.
2. The seed required for raising crop is quite small and its cost is so less
compared to other inputs
3. This emphasis the need for increasing the areas under quality seed
production
4. It is estimated that good quality seeds to improved varieties can
contribute about 20-25% increase in yield.
The advent of modern plant breeding methods and biotechnological advances in
seed industry plays a significant role in developing of high yielding varieties and
hybrids.
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Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen is a key element in plant growth. It is found in all plant cells, in plant
proteins and hormones, and in chlorophyll.
Atmospheric nitrogen is a source of soil nitrogen. Some plants such as legumes fix
atmospheric nitrogen in their roots; otherwise fertiliser factories use nitrogen from the
air to make ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea. When applied to soil,
nitrogen is converted to mineral form, nitrate, so that plants can take it up. Soils high
in organic matter such as chocolate soils are generally higher in nitrogen than
podzolic soils. Nitrate is easily leached out of soil by heavy rain, resulting in soil
acidification. You need to apply nitrogen in small amounts often so that plants use all
of it, or in organic form such as composted manure, so that leaching is reduced.
Phosphorus (P)
Phosphorus helps transfer energy from sunlight to plants, stimulates early root
and plant growth, and hastens maturity.
Very few Australian soils have enough phosphorus for sustained crop and
pasture production and the North Coast is no exception. The most common
phosphorus source on the North Coast is superphosphate, made from rock
phosphate and sulfuric acid. All manures contain phosphorus; manure from
grain-fed animals is a particularly rich source. Potassium (K)Potassium increases
vigour and disease resistance of plants, helps form and move starches, sugars and
oils in plants, and can improve fruit quality.
Potassium is low or deficient on many of the sandier soils of the North Coast.
Also, heavy potassium removal can occur on soils used for intensive grazing and
intensive horticultural crops (such as bananas and custard apples).
Muriate of potash and sulfate of potash are the most common sources of
potassium
Chapter – 6
Suggestions to farmers
• Seed quality depends on the physical condition in which the mother plant
grows.
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• We have discussed with the farmers and we found that thay have lost their
faith on seeds provided by government and the farmers were purchasing
seeds from private companies.
• So we have suggested the farmers to buy the seeds from the following
schemes:
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Fig6.1: example of crop rotation
Chapter – 7
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• Increase Soil Fertility. Soil is fertile when it provides all the favorable conditions
for plant growth
• Get Better Nitrogen Use
• Improve Soil Structure
• Prevent Soil Erosion
• Increase Crop Yields
Chapter – 8
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• Planning can be difficult given these factors
-Improper implementation of crop rotation can lead to more harm than
good.
Limitations
• It Involves Risk. ...
• Improper Implementation Can Cause Much More Harm Than Good. ...
• Obligatory Crop Diversification. ...
• Requires More Knowledge and Skills. ...
• The Difference in Growing conditions.
Chapter -9
Conclusion :
In agricultural practice, the use of crop rotation is an essential strategy that
improves nutrient availability, phytosanitary conditions, soil composition and
helps to counter biodiversity loss. Assessing the environmental impact of an
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entire crop rotation is a method able to capture crop-interactions information,
not possible in a single crop analysis.
Diversified crop rotations are becoming more popular as a tool for maintaining
sustainable crop production as people are becoming more concerned about the
need to provide high-quality food with minimal environmental impact. DCR
encourages beneficial soil microbes and their interactions, breaks the disease
cycle, and reduces the number of weeds. DCR improves the physical and
chemical properties of soil and increases land-use efficiency and crop
productivity. It is a valuable practice for long-term profitability. Farmers require
diversified crop rotations that are flexible and economic in order to respond to
market demands. Policy and organizational supports are needed to adopt
diversified crop rotation practices at the farmer’s level.
The scientific community should focus their current and future research
strategies and efforts on developing better-diversified crop rotation practices
that are adaptable to changing climatic conditions.
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DAY-1 We formed the group For the CSP project, we the
one who are nearest distance
to our village formed as
group.
DAY-2 We search for the title In this day, we search for the
different title for the project.
DAY-3 Decided the final title of In this day, with all group
the project members opinions we come
to decide the title
DAY-4 Research about title In this day we search about
title of the project floriculture
Weekly Report
Week-1(From dt…………...to…………..)
Detailed Report: After knowing to do the project we among our self-had decided to form the group
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and finalized about the team members.
As each group consist of 5 members we had formed five members as a one group.
For this we had thought and think differently as it should be aware for everyone and it should helpful
to society.
we had decided to do our project on 'Floriculture' which can be useful for all and we can have an
awareness regarding for the deforestation problem.
Next we had a research on the title of our project that what measures can we take to gather all the
information so that we can explain and present and make an awareness in effective way.
To do all these we need to have a survey regarding reduce the deforestation and visit the places like
nursery etc.
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DAY-3 A survey Form based on the type of Survey on Internet
habitation to be prepared before visiting from Google
the habitation with the help of mentor
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Objective of the Activity Done:
Object Report:
In this week Firstly, we make a survey on crop rotation with help of Google
Based on the google information on crop maintenance I understand the advantages of crop
rotation.
And also refer some videos on impacts of crop rotation on YouTube
Weekly report
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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK
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WEEKLY REPORT
Object Report:
In this week firstly, we analysed the crop rotation process. After I estimate the productivity
The people for their daily need and makes detailed survey on impacts asking the people in
Village with the help of this survey observed that most of the people say’s using natural fertilizers
to crop rotation
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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK
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WEEKLY REPORT
Object Report: We are collected the all information about the ‘CROP
ROTATION’.
In this week, I got feedback from the people on advantages of crop rotation.
Based on the feedback I understand the problem that changing weather conditions and
other accidents interfere with crop rotation
So, I decided to give some awareness on crop rotation advantages.
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DAY& BRIEF LEARNING PERSON IN-
DATE DESCRIPTION OF DAILT OUTCOMES CHARGE
ACTIVITY SIGNATURE
DAY-1 Based on the survey and the Need awareness for the
specific requirements of the people on crop rotation
habitation
DAY-2 Programmes to be conducted Verbal information and
presentation
WEEKLY REPORT
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WEEK – 5 (From Dt ................ to Dt…………)
Detailed Report:
Spread over two weeks of time. The list of activities suggested could be taken into consideration.
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DATE DESCRIPTION OF CHARGE
DAILT ACTIVITY SIGNATURE
DAY-1 Group of projects We are completed the project and
relaxed a break
DAY-3 After the queries After queries we got the answers for
the queries to the project
WEEKLY REPORT
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Objective of the Activity Done:
Detailed Report:
Next, we need to clarify the queries of the project for some people.
We cleared the all queries of the people at the locality and noted down for the future use of project.
At the end of day, we are discussing about how we done the project.
OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION
Details of the Socio-Economic Survey of the Village/Habitation. Attach the
questionnaire prepared for the survey.
In this community service project i gain the lot of information about the crop rotation like:
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The goal of community awareness is to increase the community's knowledge
of the available programs and services offered. This is accomplished by
informing the general public through various activities.
Community Service Helps Connect to the Community.
Date of Evaluation:
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Name of the person in-charge:
Please rate your performance in the following areas:
Evaluation of community/Habitation
Student Name: B. Venkateswar Reddy
Date of Evaluation:
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Please note your evaluation shall be done Independent of the students Self-Evaluation Rating
Scale:
1 is lowest and 5 is the hightest
1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 Overall performance 1 2 3 4 5
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