PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO 1

ARAKKONAM

BIOLOGY INVESTGATORY PROJECT

(2024-2025)
DRUGS AND ALCOHOL ADDICTION
NAME: S.LOKESH

CLASS: XII ‘A’

EXAMINATIONS ROLL NO:

SUBJECT TEACHER
TEACHER: - MR.UTHAYAKUMAR
R
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Candidate S.LOKESH Exam no _________

Class XII-A
A has successfully submitted the project work entitled
DRUGS AND ALCOHOL-- ADDICTION in the subject BIOLOGY under
the guidance of MR. UTHAYAKUMAR, PGT-BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY during the
academic year 2024-2025
2025 for AISSCE practical examination
conducted by CBSE dated ____________

UTHAYAKUMAR
(PGT-BIOLOGY)
(PGT

EXTERNAL EXAMINER:
NAME:_________________ PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere

Gratitude to all those who helped me
Complete this project successfully.

First and foremost, I would like to thank my

Subject teacher, MR.UTHAYA KUMAR, for
Providing all the necessary facilities
Required for this project

Finally, I would like to thank my family who

Motivated me and boosted my morale when
I was stressed

NAME: S.LOKESH
 INDEX
S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1 PROJECT REPORT 5

2 INTRODUCTION & CLASSIFICATION 6-7

OF DRUGS
3 TOBACCO 9

4 ALCOHOL 10-11

5 SOCIAL DISEASE- 12-13

SMOKING,DRIKING,AND DRUGS
6 CONCLUTION 13

7 BILILOGRAPHY 14
 PROJECT REPORT:-
DRUGS DEPENDENCE
Drugs are prescribed by physicians for the
prevention or treatment of diseases or for
increasining the physical and mental performance
and withdrawn as soon as the desire effect is
achieved. Repeated use of certain drugs on a periodic
or continuous basis may make the body dependence.
This condition can lead to significant physical,
psychological and social problems.

Causes of drugs dependence;

1. Genetic predisposition
2. Environmental factor
3. Psychological
4. Neurochemical changes
 INTRODUCTION TO DRUGS &
ADDICTION

Drugs are substance that alters the body’s

physiological or psychological functions. They can be
classified into various categories based on effect:
 Stimulants: increase alertness, energy and
mood
 Depressants: slowdown the central nervous
system, causing relaxation and sedation.
 Hallucinogens: alter perception, thoughts
and emotion.
  CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS:

There are different types of drugs on which becomes

dependent. These are classified into four groups

TYPES OF DRUGS EXAMPLES EFFECTS

Sedatives & Barbiturates Depress the CNS

tranquilizers benzodiazepines activity

Opioids Morphine , heroin Produce pain relief

an euphoria

Stimulants Amphetamines , Increase energy

caffeine, cocaine and mood.

Hallucinogens LSD, psilocybin Alter perception,

mushroom, thoughts and
ketamine. emotions
 HOW DOES DRUG ADDICTION BEGINS
There are many factors that lead people to drug
addiction.

1. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: - play key role in

addiction. Genetic may increase a person’s
livelihood of becoming addicted, while change in
brain chemistry – particularly in the brain’s
reward system – lead to cravings and
dependency.
2. Psychological factor: - such as trauma, stress,
or mental health disorders like anxiety and
depression, often lead people to use drugs as a
form of escape or self-medication.
3. Social and environmental factor: peer
pressure, especially during adolescence, is a
major driver of drugs experimentation. A
dysfunctional family environment or easy access
to drugs.
4. Drugs use typically progresses through
stages: experimentation, regular use, risky use,
and ultimately dependence and addiction. Over
time, individuals lose control over their drugs
use, leading to harmful physical, emotional, and
social consequences. Preventing drugs addiction
often involves education, early intervention
interventi and
providing mental health support to those at risk.
 TOBACCO
Tobacco is a plant that has been cultivated for
thousands of years, primarily for its leaves, which are
used in various forms for consumption. The most
common forms of tobacco use include smoking, chewing
and snuffing. While the plant itself has cultural and
traditional significant in many parts of the world.

Human impacts

It contains nicotine, a highly addictive substance that

affects the brain, making quitting difficult for many
user, beyond nicotine, tobacco smoke contains thousands
of chemicals, many of which are toxic and carcinogenic.
The health risk associated with tobacco use includes:
1. Cancer: tobacco use is linked to various cancers,
including lungs, throat, mouth and esophageal
cancers.
2. Respiratory diseases: smoking is a major cause of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and
emphysema.
3. Cardiovascular diseases: tobacco use significantly
increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high
blood pressure.
 ALCOHOL
Alcohol is a chemical substance found in drinks like
beer, wine and spirits. It’s one of the most widely
consumed recreation substance in the world.
Types of Alcoholic beverages:
1. Beer: made from fermented grains, typically has
lower alcohol content (4-6% ABV).
2. Wine: made from fermented grapes, with an alcohol
content (9-16% ABV).
3. Spirits: distilled beverages like vodka, whiskey and
rum with higher alcohol content (30-50% ABV or
higher)
Effects of alcohol on the body
 Alcohol affects the central nervous system, acting as
a depressant.
 Short-term effect: impaired judgment, decreased
coordination, slower reflexes, and intoxication.
 Long-term effects: chronic use can lead to liver
disease(cirrhosis), addiction(alcoholism), heart
disease and mental health issues.
Social and cultural aspects
 Alcohol is often part of culture rituals, social
gatherings and celebrations. In many societies, it’s
consumed responsibly, but excessive can lead to
health and social problems.

Risks and responsible consumption

 It’s important to drink alcohol responsibly to avoid
accidents, health issues and addiction.
 Drinking and driving is dangerous and illegal is
most places.
 SOCIAL DISEASE- SMOKING,
DRINKING AND USE OF DRUGS

Smoking, drinking, and drug use are often referred to as

social diseases due to their widespread impact on society.
These habits not only harm individuals but also create
significant social, economic and health problems. The
influence of these behaviors often extends beyond the
user, affecting families, communities and healthcare
system
I. SMOKING: remains a leading cause of preventable
deaths worldwide. The harmful chemicals in
cigarettes, such as nicotine and tar, cause a range of
health issues, including lung cancer, heart disease.
Social factor such as peer pressure, stress and cultural
acceptance, often lead to the initiation of smoking,
particularly among young people. once addictive,
quitting becomes extremely difficult due to nicotine
highly addictive properties.

II. DRINKING: alcohol consumption, while socially

accepted in many cultures, can lead to alcohol abuse
and dependency, commonly known as alcoholism.
Excessive drinking increases the risk of liver disease,
heart problems, accidents and mental health issues.
 Affecting not just the individuals but their
relationship and professional life. Drunk driving and
alcohol related violence further contribute to social
harm.
III. DRUG USE: the use of illicit drugs, as well as the
misuse of prescription drugs, is a growing social
problem. Drugs like heroin, cocaine, and
methamphetamines cause severe physical and mental
health problem, leading to addiction also increases
crime rates, strain healthcare system, and tears apart
families and communities and social environment,
economic hardship and mental health struggle often
lead people to experiment with drugs, which can
quickly spiral into addiction.

CONCLUSION: SMOKING, DRINKING AND DRUG USE is

not just individual problems; they are social diseases with
far-reaching consequences. Prevention requires education,
access to mental health support and social interventions to
address the root causes of these behaviors.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
I used the following website and app as
references to complete my project file:
1. Google
2. CHATGPT
3. Gemini AI
4. Articles in online.

THE – END
BY- S.LOKESH (XII-‘A’)