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Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON ELECTION
Manila

Offo, of tfre Secretary to tfre Commission

MEMORANDUM NO. 24L4L6 (Ref No. 0860-24)

FOR: CHAIRMAN GEORGE ERWIN M. GARCIA

DIRECTOR TEOPISTO E. ELNAS, JR.
Executive Director
DIRECTOR RAFAEL B. OLANO
Deputy Executive Director for Operations
DIRECTOR JOHN REX C. LAUDIANGCO
Education and lnformation Department
DIRECTOR JEANNIE V. FLORORITA
nformation Tech nology Department
I

DIRECTOR ESTER L. VILLAFLOR.ROXAS

Head Executive Assistant, Office of the Chairman
Head, Project Management Otfice for 2025 NLE
DIR. SONIA BEA L. WEE.LOZADA
Standards and lnnovation Office
RE REQUEST FOR PUBLICATION IN NEWSPAPERS OF GENERAL
CIRCULATION AND POSTING IN THE COMELEC WEBSITE
DATE: 09 December 2024
x--------- -----x
Respectfully requesting for publication in newspapers of general
circulation and posting in the COMELEC Website.
FORMAL DATE OF
TITLE
RESOLUTION NO. PROMULGATION
RuIes AND Recunllorus IN/PLEMENTING
Acr No. 9006, oTHERWISE KNo\A/N AS
RepueLlc
..FAIR
1 1086 THE EICCTIOru ACf" IN CONNECTION WITH December 9, 2024
THE 12 Mnv 2025 NRrorunL, LocAL, &
BnucsRruoRo PARLIATVIENTARY EITCTI ONs

For your information/guidance and appropriate action. Thank you

coN B. DIOLA
Director IV
CC: All Commissioners
Law Department
Political Finance and Affairs Department

1) Subject to Resolution No. 2O48-A, promulgated on July 1, 1993, deemed confidential and no access therein by the public is
authorized.
2) "All authorized recipients of any personal data, personal information, privileged information and sensitive personal information
contained in this document, including other pertinent documents attached thereto that are shared by the Commission on Elections
in compliance with existing laws and rules, and in conformity with the Data Privacy Act of 2012(R.A, No. 1O173) and its
lmplementing Rules and Regulations, as well as the pertinent Circulars of the National Privacy Commission, are similarly
bound to comply with the said laws, rules and regulations relating to data privacy, security, confidentiality, protection and
a cco u nta bility. "
1

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

COMMISSION ON ETECTIONS
Intramuros, Manila

RurgS AND RnCura.TIONS GARCIA, Ceorge Erwin M., Chairman

INTING, Socomo 8., Comruissioner
IMPLEMENTING Rpr,unrlC Acr NO.
CASQUEIO, Marlon 5., Comruissioner
9006, orHERwrsE r(NowN As rHE FEROLINO, Aimee P., Conmtissioner
"FAIR Erncrtou Acr", IN BULAY, Rey E., Comnissioner
CONNECTION WITH THE 12 Mey MACEDA, )R., Emesto Ferdinan d P ., Comntissioner
CELIS, Nelson J., Conunissioncr
2025 NeuoNer, Locer, &
BaNCSaMORO PeRrrenaENTARY
ErncrroNs.
Promulgate d: 09 December

RssorurroN No. 11085

WHEREAS, Republic Act No. 9006, otherwise known as the "Fan Election Act''
provicles for the holding of free, orderly, honest, peaceful and credible elections
through fair election practices;

WHEREAS, the said Act allows the publication or broadcast of political

advertisements or propaganda for or against any candidate or political party;

WHEREAS, Section 3 of the said Act provides that election propaganda,

whether on television, cable television, rad.io, newspapers or any other medium
shall be subject to the supervision and regulation of the Commission on
Elections (hereafter, "COMELEC");

WHEREAS, Section 6.4 of the said Act dilects the COMELEC, to supervise in
all instances the use and employment of press, radio and. television
broadcasting facilities insofar as the placement of political advertisements is
concemed so as to grre candidates equal opportunitv under equal
circunrstances to make known their qualifications and stancl on public isstres
within the limits set forth in the Omnibus Election Code and Republic Act No.
71661;

1 RA 7166, entltled "AN Acr Pnouprxc Fon SvNcunorurzro NarroNeL Atvp Locel ElrcrroNs
Aup Fon Elrctonar Rrronug Armromznvc AND AppRopRrATroNS THEnEron, Atvp Fon
OrHrn PuRposr$'.
. Resoluflon No. 11086 Page 2 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fah' Election Act (RA 9006)

WHEREAS, technological advancements continue to progress at a rapid pace,

leading to the development and availabiLity of innovative platforms and tools
that can be utilized in electoral campaigns; and

WHEREAS, Section 13 of the same Act requires the COMELEC to promulgate

the necessary rules and regulations for the implementation thereof;

NOW, THEREFORE, the COMELEC, by virtue of the powers vested tr it by

the Constitution, the Omrribus Election Code as amended, tl-re Fail Election Act
as amended, Republic Act Nos. 66462, 71663 and other related laws has
RESOLVED, as it hereby RESOLVES, to promulgate the following Rules and
Regulations:

SECTIoN l.Definition of Terms. - As used in this Resolution:

(a) "Billboarcf' re{ers to a signboard, identificatiory illustratiorl image,

pictule or any other devise for outdoor advertisement consisting of a
support structure, a display or message area, an optional lighting system
and related components installed on land, building or property to atlract
or direct attention to a particular product, service, ide4 information,
design, system, activity, institufion, business, belief and or personality. A
"static billboard" re{ers to printed traditional billboards whtle "LED or
digital billboards" are billboards made of electronic displays that are
controlled remotely by computers.

(b) "Blog/collectiae blo{' and "ztlog/collectizte tslog" refer to websites on

which an individual or group of users, respectively, record news, opinions,
and information, in varying degrees of regularity.

(c) " Canelidatd' refers to any person seeking an elective public office, who has
filed his or her certj{icate of candidacy/ and who has not died, withdrawn
his or her certi{icate of candidacy, had his or her certificate of candidacy
denied due course or cancelled, or has been otherwise disqualified before
the start of the campaign period for which he or she filed his certi{icate of
candidacy. Provided, that unlawful acts or omissions applicable to a
candidate shall take effect only upon the start of the campaign period.

It also refers to any registered national, regionaf or sectoral party,

organization or coalition thereof that has filed a manifestation of intent to
participate under the party-list system, which has not withdrawn the said
manifestation, or which has not been disqualified before the start of the
campaign period.

, An Act Introducing Additional Reforms In The Electoral System And For Other Purposes
3 Supra At Note 1
. Resolution No. 11086 Page 3 of 31"
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

(d) "Election cantpflign" or "pdltisafl political actiaity" refers to an act

designed to promote the election or defeat of a particular candidate or
candidates to a public office, and shall include among others:

(1) Forming organizations, associations, clubs, committees, or other

goups o{ persons for the purpose of soliciting votes and/or
undertaking any campaign for or against a candidate;

(2) Creating any social media platform, user groups or cofirmunify pages/
for the purpose of conducting campaigns or related partisan political
activity;

(3) Holding poLitical caucuses, conferences, meetings/ rallies, parades or

other similar assemblies for the purpose of soliciting votes and/or
undertaking any campaign or propaganda for or against a candidate;

( ) Making speeches, allnouncements, or commentaries, or holding

interwiews for or against the election of aly candidate;

(5) Publishing, displaying, or distributing campaign literature or

materials designed to support or oppose the election of any candidate;
or

(6) Directly or indirectly soliciting votes, pledges or support for or

against any candidate.

(e) "Election surztey" refers to the measurement of opinions and perceptions

of the voters as regards a candidate's popularity, qualifications, platforms
or matters of public discussion in relation to the election, including voters'
preference for candidates or publicly discussed issues during the
campaign period.

(fi "Electoral aclaertisernent (ads)" and "electoral posts" refers to medium

and social media posts that have for their pdmary purpose the promotion
of the victory or de{eat of an official candidate.

(g) "E-rally" re{ers to a large meeting held to show support for or against a
candidate wl-rich is conducted online.

(l't) "Exit polls" refers to a species of election survey conducted by a qualified

individual or a group of individuals for the purpose of determirring the
probable result of an election by confidentially asking randomly selected
voters for the names of candidates they have voted for, immediately a-fter
they have officially cast their ballots.
, Resolution No. 11086 Page 4 of 31
2025 IVLBPE IRR of the Fair Electton Act (P,A 9006)

(r) "Liaestreanrirxg't reters to the Live broadcasting of an event over the

ilrternet.

fi) "Mass Media" refers to diversified tecl-rnologies, operating on various

platforms, that have for their primary pul'pose the h'ansmission of
information and communication to a large audience. These platfolms
include broadcast, interr-ret and mobile, print, and outdoor.

(k) "Mass Media Entities" refer to individuals and organizations that exercise
control over these tecluologies and determine, whether directly or
indirectly, the content being distributed using these technologies.

(l) 'Media pructitionef' refers to a person who is not employed by a media

enlity but performs similar fulctions or has control over what is printed
or broadcast such as a talent or a block timer.

Pelsons who create online content for personal or collective blogs/vlogs

and micro-blogs shall be considered media practitioners for purposes of
these Ru1es.

(m)"Miuo-blogl' refers to a blogging format which allows users to exchange

small elements of content - referred to valiously as posts, entries or status
updates - such as short sentences, individual images, or links to video
materials among others, uploaded to the Intemet.

(n) "Online campaigning" refers to the use of the internet to distribute

campaign propaganda. This includes text-only posts on social media,
pictures, audio clips, ald video clips, regardless of duratiorL and all
combinations of such formats.

(o) "Parttl' refers to either a political party, whether national or sectoral party,
or a coalition of parties, and party-list organizations duly registered or
accredited with the COMELEC. This shall include parties that will be
participating in the Bangsamoro Pariiamentary Election.

(p) "Political adztertisement," or " election propaganda" refers to any matter

broadcasted, published, printed, displayed or exhibited, in any medium,
which contains the name, image, logo, brand, insignia, initials, and oflrer
symbol or graphic representation that is capable of being associated with
a candidate, and is exclusively intended to draw the attention of the public
or a segment thereof to promote or oppose/ directly or indirectly, the
election of the said candidate or candidates to a public office. In broadcast
media, political advertisements may take the form of spots, appearances
on television shows and radio programs, live or taped announcements,
teasers, and other forms of advertising messages or announcements used
by commercial advertisers.
, Resolutlon No. 11086 Page 5 of 31
2025 NTBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

Poiitical advertising includes endorsements, statements, declarations, or

information glaphics, appearing on any intemet website, social network,
bloggurg site, and micro-blogging site, which - when taken as a whole -
has for its principal object the endorsement of a candidate on1y, or which
were posted in retum for consideration or are otherwise capable of
pecuniary estimation.

(q) "Soeial Media" rcferc to the collective of online communication charurels,

including websites and applications, that enable users to create and share
content, collaborate, and interact with each other. For purposes of these
Rules, video sharing sites which allow users to post cornments on
individual entries shall be considered as falling within the broad category
of "social media. Social media is a form o{ mass media.

(r) "Social Meilia Accottnt" refers to a user's personalized access to a social

networking site or application, typically using a uselTrame and password
combination. A social media account aliows a user to interact with other
users on the same social networking site.

(s) "Social Media Post" refers to any text, audio, or graphic content - or any
combination thereof - published online using a social media account.

SECTIoN 2. Campaign Periodfor tlu 12 May 2025 National, Local, andBangsamoro

Parliamentary Elections. - For purposes of the 12 May 2025 Nationaf Local, and
Bangsamoro Parliamentary Elections, the campaign period shall be as foliows,
subject to Section 3 hereof:

(a) For President, Vice-President, Senators and Party-List groups

participating in the Party-List system, ninety (90) days before the day of
the election, or from 11 February 2025 to 10 May 2025;

(b) For Members of the House of Representatives and elective provincial, city,
municipal officials, including the Bangsamoro Parliament, forty-five (45)
days before the day of election or from 28 March 2025 to 10 May 2025.

SECTIoN 3. Prohibited Cantpaigning. - It is unlawful for any person or for any

political part,v, or association of persons to engage in an election campaign or
partisan political activity on 17 April 2025 (Maundy Thursday), 18 April 2025
(Good Friday), 11 May 2025 (eve of Election Day), and t2lllay 2025 (Election
Dav).

SECTToN 4. Prohibition against Foreign lntentention. - It is unlawful for any

foreigner, whether a juridical or natural person, to directly or indirectiv aid any
candidate, or political party, organization or coalition, or to take part in, or
: Resolution No. 11086 Page 6 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fab Election Act (RA 9006)

influence in any manner, any election, or to contribute or make any expenditure

in connection with any election canpaign or partisan political activitv.

SECTIoN 5. AuthorizedExpensesof Candidates andParties. - The aggregate amolult

that a candidate may spend for an election campaign sha1l be as follows:

(a) For candidates with political party - Three pesos (P 3.00) for every voter
currently registered in the constituency where the candidate filed his/her
certificate of candidacy;

(b) Ior other candidates without any political party and without support {rom
any political party - Five pesos (F 5.00) for every voter currently registered
in tl-re constituency where the candidate filed his/her certificate of
candidacy; and

(c) For political parties and party-list groups - Five pesos (P 5.00) for every
voter currently registeled in the constituency or corxtituencies where it
has official candidates.

SECTIoN 6. LmufiLl Election Propaganda. - Eiection propagand4 whether on

television or cable television, radio, newspaper, the intemet or any other
medium, including outdoor static and light-emitting diode (LED) billboards
arrd mobile or transit advertisement is hereby allowed for all bona fide
candidates seeking national and local elective positions, subject to the
limitation on autllorized expenses of candidates and parties, observation of
truth in advertising, and to tl-re supervision ald regulation by the COMELEC.

Lawful election propaganda shall include:

(a) Pamphlets, leaflets, cards, decals, stickers, or other written or printed

materials the size of which does not exceed eight and one-haU inches (8
/r'') in width and fourteen inches (14") in length;

@) Handwritten or printed letters urging voters to vote for or against any

particular party or candidate for public office;

(c) Posters or standing displays ("standees") made of cloth, papet/ cardboard,

or anv recyclable material, whether framed or posted, with an area not
exceeding two (2) feet by tl'rree (3) fee!

(d) Streamers not exceeding three (3) feet by eight (8) feet in size, displayed at
the site, and on the occasion of a public meeting or rally. Said sffeamers
may be displayed five (5) days before the date of the meeting or rally and
shallbe removed within twenty-four (24) hours after said meeting or rally;
(esolution No.
11086 PageT of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

(e) Mobiie utts, vehicles/ notorcades of all types, whetller engine or

manpower driven or arfmal drawn, with or without sound systems or
loud speakers and with or without lights; Pamphlets, leaflets / cards,
decals, stickers, or other written or printed materials posted on mobile
units, vehicles/ or motorcades sha1l be subject to the size linritations
provided for in this Section;

(f; Paid advertisements in plint or bloadcast media subject to the

requirements set forth in Section 11 hereof and the Fair Election AcU

(g) Outdoor and static or LED billboards owned by private entities or persons;

(h) Mobile or tuansit advertisement on public utility vehicles provided that the
advertisement is consistent with the guidelines of the Land Transportation
and Franchising Regulatory Board (LTFRB) for commercial
advertisements;

(i) Signboard displayed in the headquarters subject to the limitation provided

in Section Z4hereof;

(j) An other forms of election propaganda not prohibited by the Omnibus

Election Code or these rules.

Candidates and parties are required to incorporate sign language interpreters

and closed captioning in broadcast election propaganda intended for exhibition
on television and/or the intemet, and are encouraged to ensure the availability
of their respective printed campaign materials in Braille.

SECTIoN 7, Enttironnrentally Sustainable Election Propaganda. -

Parties and
candidates are hereby encouraged to use recyclable and envilonment-friendiy
materials and avoid those that contain hazardous chemicals and substances in
the production of their campaign ald election propaganda.

They are likewise required to indicate in their printed campaign materials the
phrase: "This material should be recycled or disposed o{ responsibly."

In local goven.ment urrits (LGUs) where a local legislation goveming the use
of plastic and other similar materials exist parties and candidates shall comply
with the same.

SECTIoN 8. Prohibited Forms of Election Propaganda. - During the campaign

period, it is unlawful:

(a) To print, publish, post or djstribute any newspaper, newsletter,

newsweekly, gazetle or magazine advertising, pamphlef leaflet, card,
,Resolution No. 11086 Page 8 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Electiott Act (RA 9A06)

decaf bumper sticker, poster, comic book, circular, handbill, streamer,

sample list of candidates or any published or printed political matter and
to air or broadcast any election propaganda or political advertisement by
television or radio or any outdoor election propaganda in the form of static
or LED billboards or mobile/transit adverlisement for or against a
candidate or group of candidates to arry public office, unless they bear and
be identified by the reasonably legible, or audible words "political
adaertisement paid fori' followed by the true and correct name and address
of the candidate or party for whose benefit the election propaganda was
printed or aired.

It shall likewise be unlawful to publish, pdnt or distribute said campaign

materials unless they bear,, and are identified by, the reasonably legible, or
audible words "political aduertisements pnid by," IolTowed by the true and
correct name and address of the payor.

(b) To prinf publish, broadcast, displa1,, ol exhibit any such election

propaganda donated or given free of charge by *y person or publishing
firm or broadcast media entity to a candidate or party without the written
acceptance of the said candidate or party/ and unless they bear and be
identified by the words "printed free of clurge," or " airhfie for this broadcast
was proaided free of clurge by!' , rcspectlely, followed by the true and correct
name and address of the said publishing {irm or broadcast entity;

(c) To show, display or exhibit pubJicly in a theater, through a television

station, a video sharing site, social media network, or any public forum
ar-ry movie, cinematography or documentary, including concert or anv
type of performance portraying the life or biography of a candidate, or irt
which a character is portrayed by an actor or media personality who is
himself or herself a candidate;

(d) Ior any newspaper or publicatiorL radio, television or cable television

station, or other mass media entity, or any person making use of the mass
media, to sell or give free of charge print or advertising space or airtime
for campaign or election propaganda purposes to any candidate or party
in excess of the size, duration or frequency authorized by law or these
Rules. A newspaper or publication, radio, television or cable television
station, or other mass media, or any person may require any buyer to
warrant under oath that such purchase is not in excess of the size, duration
or frequency authorized by law or these Rules;

(e) For any radio, televisioru cable television stati.on, announcer or broadcaster
to allow the scheduling of any program/ or permit any sponsor to
manifestly favor or oppose any candidate or party by unduly or repeatedly
referring to, or unnecessarily mentioning his or her name, or including
therein said candidate or party;
' Resolution No. 11086 Page 9 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of tle F air Election Act (RA 9006)

(1) To post, display or exhibit any election campaigr-r or propaganda matedal

outside of authorized conunon poster areas, in public places, or in private
properties without the consent of the owner thereof;

Public places include any of the following:

(1) Publicly-owned elechonic announcement boards, such as LED

display boards located along highways and streets, LCD monitors
posted on walls o{ public buildings, and other similar devices which
are owned by local gorren-rment units, govemment-owned and
confuolled corporatiors, or any agency or instrumentality of the
Govemmenf

(2) Motor vehicles used as patrol cars, ambulances, and for other sirnilar
purposes that are owned by loca1 government units, government-
owned and controlled colporations, and other agencies ar-rd
instrumentalities o{ the Government, particularly those bearing
government iicense plates;

(3) Public transport vehicles owned and controlled by the govemment

such as the Meh'o Rail Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), and
Philippine National Railway trains and the like;

(a) Waiting sheds, sidewalks, street and lamp posts, electic posts and
wires, traffic signages and other signboards erected on public
property, pedestrian overpasses and underpasses, flyovers and
underpasses, bridges, main thoroughfares, center islands of roads
and highways;

(5) Schools, public shrines, barangay halls, gover:nment offices, health

centers, public structures and buildings or any edifice thereof; and

(6) Within the premises of public transport terminals, owned and

controlled by the govemment, such as bus terminals, airports,
seaports, docks, piers, train stations and the 1ike.

(g) To print publish, post, show, display, distribute any election campaign or
propaganda materials that are violative of gender sensitivity, considered
as obscene, offensive, or constitutes a violation of the Magra Carta of
Womena.

The printing press, printer, or publisher who prints, reproduces or publishes

said campaign materials, and the broadcaster, station manager/ owner of the
radio or television station, or owrrer or administrator of any website who airs

.1
Republic Act No. 9710, also known as "THE MAGNA CARrA oF WoMm.r".
.Resolution No. 11086 Page 10 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

or shows the political advertisements, without the required data or in violation

of these rules shall be criminally liable with the candidate under Section 264 of
the Omnibus Election Code and, if applicable, further suffer the penalties of
suspension or revocation of franchise or permit in accordance with law.

Nothing in these rules shall be construed as limiting the authority of the

appropriate agencies and instrun"Lentalities of the government to promulgate
their owrr rules and regulations, regarding the posting of political print
advertising on any regulated land, sea and air vehicle, includingbut not limitecl
to public utility vehicles and tricycles.

Srcrrou 9. Respectfor Intellectual Property Rights. - Candidates and parties shal1

ensure that intellectual property rights are respected in the production of their
election propaganda and in the conduct of their election campaigns. Any
violations of intellectual property law, rules, and regulations shall be referred
to the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) for their
appropriate action.

SrcrroN Autlnrity to Use Otlrcr Election Propaganda. - Any person

1.0.Request for
seeking authority to use other forms of election propaganda not covered by
those enumerated in Section 6 hereof and not prohibited by 1aw may file with
the COMELEC En Banc, through the Commission Secretary, a request
describing the election propaganda sought to be authorized with samples
thereof.

SrcrloN 11.. Requirements and/or Liruitations on the Use of Election Propaganda

tlrough Mass ltledia.- AII bona fide candidates shall have equal access to media
time and space for their election propaganda during the campaign period
subject to the following requirements and/or limitations:

(a) Broadcast Election Propaganda

The duration of air time that a candidate or party may use for their
broadcast advertisements or election propaganda shall be, as follows

For Candidates/ Not more than a total of one hunclred twenty (120)
Registered minutes of television advertisement, on a per station
Political Parties basis, whether appearing onnationaf regional, or local,
for a National free or cable television, and one hundred eighty (180)
Elective Position minutes of radio advertisin& on a per station basis,
I
whether airing on nationaf regional, or local radio,
I whether by purchase or donation.
For Candidates Not more than a total of sixty (60) minutes of television
for a Local advertisement, on a per station basis, whether
, Resolution No.
11086 Page L1 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

Elective appearing on national, regionaf or local, free or cable

Position television, and ninety (90) minutes of radio advertising,
on a per station basis, whether airing on national
regionaf or local radio, whether by purchase or
donation.

In cases where two or more candidates whose names, irritials, images,

brands, logos, insignias, symbols, or forms of graphical representations
are displayed, exhibited, used, or mentioned together in the broadcast
election propaganda or advertisements, the length of time during which
th.y appear or are being mentioned or promoted willbe counted against
the ailtime limits allotted for the said candidates.

Appearance or guesting by a candidate on any bona fide newscast/ bona

fide news interview, bona fide news documentary, if the appearance of
the candidate is incidental to the presentation of the subject or subjects
covered by the news documenlaryt or on-the-spot coverage of bona ficle
news events, including but not limited to events sanctioned by the
COMELEC, political conventions, and similar activities, shall not be
deemed to be broadcast election propaganda within the meaning of this
provision.

For purposes of monitoring by the COMELEC and ensuring that parties

and candidates were afforded equal opportunities to promote their
candidacy, the broadcast media entities shal1 give prior written notice to
the COMELEC, through the appropriate Regional Election Director
(RED), or in the case of the National Capital Region (NCR), the Education
and Information Department (EID).

If such prior written notice is not feasible or practicable, the notice shall
be sent within twenty-four (24) hours from the first broadcast or
publication. Nothing in the foregoing sentence shall be construed as
relieving broadcasters, in connection with the presentation of newscasts,
news interviews, news documentaries, and on-the-spot coverage of news
events, from the obligation imposed upon them under Section 11 of these
Rules.

(b) Printed or Published Election Propaganda

The maximum size of print advertisements for each candidate, whether for
a national or local elective positions, or party shallbe, as follows:

In broadsheets One fourth (1,/ 4\ page

In tabloids One half (1/ 2) page
'Resolution No. 11086 Page 12 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of tlrc Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

Two or more candidates, political parties, or party-list organizations may

cause the publication of coordinated print advertisements, featuring more
than one candidate, political pafiy, or party-list organizationprovided that
the size and frequency limitations provided for in this paragraph shall
apply to each candidate, political party, or party-list organization
appearing, mentioned or promoted in such a coordinated adrrertisement.

The cost of coordinated print advertisements shall be pro-rated among

each candidate, political party, or party-list organization appearing in each
advertisement and shall be reportecl by them accordingly.

Print advertisements, whether procured by purchase or given free of

charge, shall not be published more than three (3) times a week per
newspap er, magazine or other publication during the campaign period.

(c) Outdoor advertisement

The duration of outdoor advertisement that a candidate or party may use

shall be, as follows:

For Candidates/ Not more than two (2) months of outdoor

Registered advertisement in a certain static or LED billboard
Political Parties whether by purchase or donation, provided that a
for a National candidate or party cannot have static or LED
Elective Position billboard advertisements within a radius of one
(1) kilometer from each other.
For Candidates Not more than one (1) month of outdoor
for a Local advertisements in either static or LED billboards
Elective Position whether by purchase or donation, provided that a
candidate or party carurot have static or LED
billboard advertisements within a radius of five
hundred (500) meters from each other.

Each bona fide candidate, whetller national or local, for any elective
position may utilize mobile outdoor advertisements in public utility
vehicles provided that the dimension of the advertisement is consistent
with the guidelines of the Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB) on transit aclvertisements.

(d) Common requirements anflor limitations:

Any printed or published, and broadcast election propaganda for or

against a candidate or group of candidates to any public office shall bear
and be identified by the reasonably legible or audible words "political
aduertisement paid for," followed by the true and correct name ancl address
of the candidate or party for whose benefit the election propaganda was
'Resolution No. 11085 Page 13 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of tlrc F air Electtotr Act (RA 9006)

pdnted or afued. It shall also bear, and be identiIied by, the reasonably
legible, or audible wotds "pllitical adaertisement paid by," followed by the
true and correctname and address of tl-re payor. This rule shall also applv
to onltre advertisements.

The notices required in the immediately preceding paragraph shall be

considered reasonably legible on plinted materials, if it complies with the
following:

(1) The notice must be of sufficient type size to be clearly readable by the
reader of the information.

A notice in at least twelve (12)-point type size satisfies the

requirement of this paragraph when it is used for signs, posters,
flyers, newspapers, magazines, or other printed material that
measure no more than two (2) feet by three (3) feet.

(2) The notice must be contained in a printed box, set apart from the other
contents of the sign, poster, flyer, or newspaper advertisement.

(3) The notice must be printed with a reasonable degree of color conffast
between the background and the printed statement. A notice satisfies
the color contrast requirement of this paragraph if it is printed in black
text on a white background or iJ the degree of color coutrast between
the background and the text of the notice is no less than the color
contrast between the background and the largest text used in the
comrnunication.

The notices required in the immediately preceding paragraph shall be

considered reasonably legible on televisioru if it complies with the
following:

1 The notice must appear in letters equal to or greater than four (4)
percent of the vertical picture heigh!

11. The notice must be visible for the duration of the broadcast
advertisemen! and

iii. The notice must appear with a reasonable degree of color contrast
from the background. A notice satisfies the color contrast
requt'ement of this paragraph if it is displayed in black text on a
white background or iI tl're degree of color contrast between the
background and the text of the notice is no less than the color
contrast between the backglound ald the largest type size used in
the communication.
- Resolution No.
11086 Page 14 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of t|rc Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

If the space for printed or published election propaganda is donated by

the publishing film, or the airtime for broadcast election propaganda is
given free of charge by the radio, or television station or cable television,
thuy shall bear and be identified by the reasonably legible or audible
words "printed free of chargei' or " airtime for this braadcast ruas proaided fi'ee
of charge by," respectively, followed by the true and correct name and
address of the said publishing firm or broadcast entity. This rule shall
also apply to online advertisements.

A11 broadcast and digital mass media entities shall preserve their
broadcast logs or analogous records for a period of five (5) years from the
date of broadcast for submission to the COMELEC whenever required.

Certified true copies of broadcast logs, certificates of performance, and

certiJicates of acceptance, or other analogous record shall be submitted,
as follows:

Candidates
1st Report
3 weeks after start of
05 March 2025
for campaign period
National
2nd Report
3 weeks after Lst filing
26 March 2025
Positions week
3rc1 Report 1 week before election day 05 May 2025
Last Report Election week 16 May 2025
Candidates 1 week after the start of
1st Report 04 April 2025
for Local campaign period
Positions 1, week after 1st filing
2nd Report 11 April 2025
week
3rd Report Election week l2May 2025
Last Report l- week after election day 19 May 2025

For subsequent elections, the schedule for the submission of reports shall be
prescribed by the COMELEC.

SrcuoN 12. Wntten Acceptance ,f

Election Propaganda and/or Political
Adaertiseruents. -Election propaganda materials donated or contributed by any
person to a candidate shall not be printed, published or broadcasted, or
exhibited, unless thuy are accompanied by the written acceptance by said
candid,ate or party, through the party treasurer.

Such written acceptance of the donated election propaganda materials must be

personal to the candidate or party treasurer, and cannot be delegated to their
duly authorized representatives designated. to receive donations or
contributions.
'Resolution No. 11086 Page 15 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

Sncrtou 13. Fair and Accurate Replrting. - A11 members of the news media,
televisiory radio, print or online, shall scrupulously report the news, taking
care not to suppress essential facts or distort the truth by omission or improper
emphasis. Th.y shall recognize the duty to air the other side and the duty to
correct substantive errors promptly and without prejudice to the right of said
broadcast entities to air accounts of significant news or newsworthy events and
views on matters of public interest.

Any person who, for purposes of obstructing the performance of the foregoing
mandates, has committed violence against any member of the news media,
television, radio, print, or online, such as torture, physical harm, arbitrary
detentioo enforced disappearance, intimidation, harassment, threat, and other
analogous forms of violence, shall be liable for an election offense.

SrcuoN 14. Prohibition Against Suspension or Otlrcr Actions on the Franchise. - No

francl'rise or permit to operate a radio or television station shall be granted or
issued, suspended, or cancelled during the election period.

Sucrrox L5. Affirmstiae Actionby the COMELEC. - The COMELEC shall procure
print space and airtime as follows:

(a) Print Space

The COMELEC, through the EID, shal1 procure print space upon
payment of just compensation from at least three (3) national newspapers
of general circulation which shall be utilized by COMELEC to announce
equally and impartially the candidacies of persors /party-list groups
ruruling for national office on three different calendar days, as follows:

1't day Wittrin the first week of the campaign period

2"d day Within the fifth week of the campaign period
3,d day Within the tenth week of the campaign period

@) Airtime

The COMELEC, through the EID, shall also procure free airtime from at
least three (3) national television networks and three (3) national radio
networks which shall be utilized by COMELEC to announce equally and
impartially the candidacies of persons/party-list groups running for
national office on three different calendar days, as follows:

1't day Within the first week of the campaign period

2"d day Within the fifth week of the campaign period
3'd day Within the tenth week of the campaign period
Resolution No. 11086 Page 16 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

(c) platform

The COMELEC, through the EID, shall provide a platform for free
livestreaming of campaign activities and/or lawful election propaganda
of national candidates/party-list groups. To ensure equal and impartial
of ailtime in the e-campaign platform, the EID shall issue instructions to
national candidates/party-List gloups on the availment and usage
thereo{.

SECTIoN 1-6. Space and Time for COIttlELEC lnformation Dissemination - The
COMELEC shall furthermore procure print space and air time as follows:

(a) Print Space

The COMELEC, through the EID, upon payment of just compensatiory

shall procure print space in at least one (1) national newspaper of general
circulation which shall be known as "COMELEC Space" to be utilized
exclusively for public information disseminatior-r on election-related
concerns.

(b) Airtime

The COMELEC, through the EID, shall also procure airtime free of charge
in at least one (1) major broadcasting station or entity which shall be
known as "COMELEC Time" to be utiLized exclusively for public
inJormation dissemination on election-related concems.

SECTIoN 17. Right to Reply. - All registered parties andbonafide candidates shall
llave the right to reply to charges published or aired against them. The reply
shall be given publicity by the newspaper/ television, and/or radio station
which filst printed or aired the charges with the same prominence ol in the
same page or section, or in the same time slot as the first statement.

Registered parties ald candidates may invoke the right to reply by submitting
within a non-extendible period of thirty-six (36) hours from first broadcast or
publicatiory a formal veri{ied claim against the mass media entity to the
COMELEC, through the appropriate RegionalElection Dilector (RED), or in the
case of the National Capital Region (NCR), the EID. The formal verilied claim
shall include a detailed enumeration of the circumstances and occuffences
which warrant the invocation of the right of reply and must be accompanied by
supporting evidence, such as a copy of the pubLication or recording of the
television or radio broadcast as the case may be. The claimant must likewise
funrish a copy of the formal velified claim and its attachments to the mass
media entity concerned prior to the filing of the claim with the COMELEC.
Resoiution No. 11086 Page 1"7 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of tlrc Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

The COMELEC, through the appropriate RED or the EID, shall review the
formal verified claim within thirty-six (36) hours from receipt thereof, and i{
circumstances warrant, endorse the same to the mass meclia entity involved.
The mass media entity shall, within twenty-fow (24) hours, subnrit its report to
the RED or EID, as the case maybe, explaining the actionithas taken to address
the claim, fumishing a copy of the said report to the claimant.

Should the claimant insist thathis/her right to reply was not addressed, he/she
may file the appropriate petition and/ or complaint, within two (2) days of
inaction of tl-re filed r.erified claim, before tl're Office of the Clerk of the
Commission.

Srcrroru L8. Rates for Political Propaganda.s - During the election period, media
outlets shall glve registered political parties and bona fde candidates a
discounted rate for their election propaganda from the average of the published
rates in the last three (3) calendar years prior to the election, as follows:

(a) For television - Fifty percent (50%);

(b) For radio - Forty percent $0%);
(c) For print - Ten percent (10%).

In no case shall rates charged to registered political parties ard- bona fide
candidates be higher than rates charged to non-political advertisers.

Media outlets may give discounts higher than the above-mentioned rates;
provided, that the discount given to one candidate shall be the same given to
other candidates for the same position.

For this purpose, media outlets shalI submit the average published rates
charged during the last three (3) years preceding the elections five (5) days
before the start of the election period to the Political Finance and Affairs
Department (PFAD).

It shall also submit a certification to the PFAD that the above discounted rates
or higher discounted rates were applied in charging the political parties, party
list groups and coalitions or bona fide candidates on their election propaganda.

Srcrtou 19. Reprliltion of Election Propagandq tWor.tgh Mass Medis. - In all

instances, the COMELEC shall supervise the use and employment of press,
radio, online, and television facilities insofar as the placement of political
advertisements is concerned to ensure that candidates are given equal
opportunity under equal circumstances to n"rake known their qualtfications and

5 Republic Act No. 11207 entitled "AN Acr PRovrDrNG roR RTaSoNABLE Rarrs ron Pouncet
ApvrRusrursvrs, AwNonvG FoR rHE PuRrosE SrcrioN 11 op Rmuauc Acr No. 9006,
oTHERWISE lc{ovw\ AS THE Fem ErncuoN Acr". COMELEC Resolution No. 10517.
'Resolution No. 11086 Page 18 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fai Election Act (RA 9006)

their stand on public issues within the limits set forth in the Omnibus Election
Code, the lair Election Act, and these Ru1es.

SEcuoNI 20. Posting of Campaign Materials. - Parties and candidates may post
lawful campaign material in:

(a) Authorized or designated common poster areas in public places, subject to

the requirements and limitations set forth in the next following section;
and

(b) Private property, provided that the posting has the consent of the owner
thereof and that Section 10 herein is complied with.

The posting of campaign materials in public places outside of the designated

cornmon poster areas, on private property without the consent of the owner, or
in violation of Section 6 hereof, and in those places enumerated under Section
8 (f) hereof and the like, is prohibited. Persons posting the same shall be liable
together with the candidates and other persons who caused the posting.

For this purpose, there is a presumption that the candidates and parties caused
the posting of campaign materials outside the common poster areas if they do
not remove the same within three (3) days from notice of the Election Officer of
the city or municipality where the materials were posted or displayed.

Members of the Philippine National Police (PNP) and other law enforcement
agencies called upon by the Election Officer or other COMELEC officials may
file the appropriate charges against the violators of this Section.

SECTIoN 2L. Contmon Poster Areas (CPA). -Parties and independent candidates
rury/ upon authority of the COMELEC, through the City or Murtcipal Election
Officer concemed, co1'6truct cofiunon poster areas, at their expense, wherein
they can post, display, or exhibit their election propaganda to announce or
further their candidacy subject to the following requirements ar-rd/or
limitations:

(a) A common poster area should not be a post, a tree, the wal1 of a building
or an existing public structure that is tr active use, but a shucture, dre
location and number of which ale specified below, that is temporarily set
up by candidates and parties for the exclusive purpose of displaying their
campaign posters;

(b) In no instance shall an Elecfion Officer designate as conunon poster areas,

ary trees, plants, shrubs located along public roads, in plazas, parks,
school premises or in any other public grounds. In cases where parties
and candidates still persist in displaying, posting, or exhibiting their
Resolution No. 11086 Page 19 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

campaign or election propaganda on trees and plants, th.y shall be

prosecuted for violation of these Rules, without prejudice to the institution
of a criminal complaint for the violation of Republic Act No. 35716;

(c) Each party and independent candidate, with prior consent from the
COMELEC, may put up cofiunon poster areas in every barangay, subject
to the following limitations:

5,000 registered voters or less 1 common poster area

For every increment of 5,000 registered 1 add"itional common
voters, or a fraction thereof, thereafter poster alea

(d) Such corrunon poster areas shall be allowed by the Election Officer orrly in
selected public places such as plazas, markets, barartgay centers and the
like, where posters may be readily seen or read, and with the heaviest
pedestrian and/or vehicular traffic in the city or municipality;

(e) The Election Officer shall make, and post in his office, a list of the corrmon
poster areas in each city or legislative district in said city or municipality,
indicating therein their exact locations, ond furnish each political party or
candidate copies of said list at the latter's expense, and also the Provincial
Election Supervisor and the EID Director;

(0 Th. Election Officer shall comply with his obligations in the immediately
preceding paragraph not later than five (5) days before the start of the
campaign period and failure to do so shall make him liable for gross
neglect of duty;

(g) The size of each cofiunon poster area for candidates shall not exceed the
following dimensions:

(1) For political parties and party-list groups - twelve (12) by sixteen (16)
feet, or its equivalent but not exceedirg a total area of 192square feet;
and

(2) For independent candidates - four (4) by six (6) feet or its equivalent but
not exceedi.g a total area of twenty-fow (24) square feet.

6) Tt-te sizes of individual posters that may be posted in each commoll poster
area shall not exceed two (2) by three (3) feet. However, in case of space
limitations, posters of candidates of political parties may be reduced to a
uniform size to accorunodate all candidates. This regulation is also
violated by making single letters of names having the maximum size or

5 RA 3571, entitled "AN Acr To Pnoumrr Tus CurttNc, DESTRoytr\c On Irrryr-nwc Op Puwrrp
On GnowINc Tnms, Flownnmc PreNrs Axp Srnws On Putvrs Or Scuvrc ValuE AtoNc
PUBUC Roaos, IN Prezes, PaRtrg ScHoor PRmnsns OR IN Awy OrHsR Punuc PmasuRr
GRoLnrD."
'Resolution No. 11086 Page 20 of 31
2425 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

lesser and then putting them together to {orm a size exceeding two (2) by
three (3) fee!

(i) The common poster areas allocated to parties and independent candidates
shall not be used by other parties and independent candidates even with
the consent o{ the former.

Parties and independent candidates shall file theil applicatior-rs to

construct corunon poster areas with the Office of the City/Municipal
Election Officer concemed within five (5) days from the effectivity of
these guidelines or on such other date as may be determined by the
Commission; otherwise, they must accept the listing prepared by flre
Election Officer.

Within five (5) days after the elections and without need of notice, the
parties and candidates who appLied for the putting up of common poster
areas shall teal down the sante at their owrr expense and restore the site
into its original condition. A11 other campaign materials outside of the
cofiunon poster areas shall likewise be removed.

Non-perfolmance of this obligation shall be deemed a violation of the law

and regulation on the observance of common poster areas for which the
candidate concerned shall be liable for an election offense;

(j) The corunon poster areas put up {or party-list $oups, organizations
ald/or coalitions thereof shall be allocated at the ratio of one (1) cofiunon
poster area for every thirty-two (32) party-list groups, organizations
and/ or coalitions thereof;

(k) In case thele are less than thirty-two (32) party-list groups, organizations
and/or coalitions, applying to put up conunon poster areas, the Election
Officer concemed shall reduce the size of the common poster area
depending on the total number of applicants thereof, provided that each
group is entitled to post one two (2) feet by three (3) feet poster;

(1) hr case there are more than thirty-two (32) party-list groups/ organizations
and/ or coalitions applying to put up the corunon poster areas, the
Election Officer concemed shall determine the appropriate number and
size of conunon poster areas to equitably accommodate the total number
of applicants, subject to the provisions of tl-re immediately two (2)
preceding paragraphs;

(m)No lawful election propaganda materials shall be allowed outside the

coflunon poster areas except on private property with the consent of the
owner or in such other places mentioned in these guidelines. Any violation
hereof shall be punishable as an election offense;
' Resolution No.11085 Page 21 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

(n) In allcases, the parties shall agree among themselves how their individual
posters in the cofiunon poster areas shall be placed. In case no agreement
is reached, the Election Officer concerned shall determine said placement
by drawing of lots;

(o) The Election Officer shall act on all applications for cornmon poster areas
within three (3) days from receipt thereof. For this purpose/ he/she shall
determine whether the proposed corunon poster area sites are public
places with heavy pedestrian or vehicular fiaff:Lc, or business or
commercial centers, or densely populated areas, and equitably and
impartially allocate the sites to ensure maximum exposure of the lawful
propaganda materials of all parties and independent candidates;

(p) Ary party or independent candidate aggrieved by the action of the

Election Officer may appeal the same within two (2) days from receipt of
the order of said Election Officer to:

(1) The Provincial Election Supervisors (PES); or

(2) The Regional Election Director (RED), in the case of the National
Capital Region (NCR).

(q) The PES or RED concerned shal1 decide the appeal within two (2) days
from receipt thereof, fumishing copies of the decision to the parties
concerned and to the Law Department of the COMELEC. The decision
shall be final and executory.

SrcrIoN 22. Establisltment of Headquarters, - Every registered political party,

sectoral otganLzation or coalition participati.g i. the party-list system or
candidate may be allowed to establish a limited number of headquarters sub;'ect
to the following limitatiors:

(u) A registered party with national constituency and a national candidate

may establish one (1) headquarters in each province or highly urbanized
city;

(b) A registered political party with regional constituency may establish one
(1) headquarters in each province or highly urbanized city in the region;

(c) A registered political party with provincial constituency and a provincial

candidate may be allowed to establish one (1) headquarters in each
municipality;
'Resolution No. 11085 Page 22 of 31,
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

(d) Congressional canctidates may be allowed to

establish one (1)
headquarters in the legislative district they seek to represent. Should their
legislative district be composed of several municipalities, they may be
allowed to establish one (1) headquarters per municipality;

(e) City candidates may be allowed to establish one (1) headquarters per
councilor distric!

(f) Municipal candidates may be allowed to establish one (1) headquarters for
the entire municipality; and

(g) Lawful election propaganda may be displayed at headquarters subject to

the limitations provided in Sec. 6 (g) a.d Section 24 hereof.

SECTIoN 23. Submission of List of Location of Headquarters. - A11 parties and

candidates shall submit within five (5) days from their establishment, the list
showing the specific locations and addresses of all their headquarters, to the
following offices:

(a) National parties and candidates - Law Departrnent and EID

(b) Regional polidcal parties - Regional Election Director

(c) Provincial parties and candidates - Provincial Election Supervisor

(d) City and Municipal parties and candidates - Election Officer

(e) Parties and Candidates in the NCR - Regional Election Director of NCR
The officials of the COMELEC in paragraphs b, c, and d to whorn the lists of
headquarters are submitted shall furnish copies thereof to the Law Departrnent
and the EID, within five (5) days from the receipt of the list.

SECTIoN 24. Headquarters Signboard. - Before the start of the campaign period,
ordy one (1) signboard, not exceeding three (3) feet by eight (8) feet in size,
identilying the place as the headquarters of the party or candidates is allowed
to be displayed. Parties may put up the signboard announcing their
headquarters not earlier than five (5) days before the start of the can'rpaign
period. Individual candidates may put up the signboard announcing their
headquarters not earlier than the start of the campaign period. Orr1y lawfu1
election propaganda material may be displayed or posted therein and ordy
during the campaign period.
'Resolution No. 11086 Page 23 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fab Election Act (RA 9006)

SECTIoN 25. Prohibition on the Remooal, Destruction, or Defacenlent of Lawful

Election Propaganda. - During the campaign period, it is unlawful for any person
to remove, destroy, take down or, in any manner, deface or tamper with, or
prevent the distribution of any lawful election propaganda.

-
SECTIoN 26. Rentoual or Confscation of Prohibited Propaganda lttlaterials. Any
prohibited form o{ election propaganda shall be stopped, confiscated, removed,
or taken down by COMELEC representatives, at the expense of the candidate
or political party for whose apparent benefit the prohibited election
propaganda materials have beer-r produced, displayed, and disseminated.

Any person, party, association, govemment agency may likewise report to the
COMELEC any prohibited form of election propaganda for conIiscatioru
removaf and/or prevention of the distribution of any propaganda material on
the ground that the same is illegaf as listed in these guidelines.

The CO\4ELEC may, motu proprio, immediately order the removal and/or
conJiscation of any:

(a) Prohibited propaganda materials;

(b) Materials which contain statements or representations that are illega!

(c) Materials that do not comply with the mandatory disclosures or messages
required by 0ris Resolutioni

(d) Materials that are deemed to have violated intellectual property rights as
determined by the IPOPHL.

SECTIoN 27. Creation of Task Force to Take Down and Remoae Unlaurful Election
Materials. - There is hereby created a task force in each city and municipality
composed of the Election Officer as ChairpersorL the City or Provincial
Prosecutor or any Prosecutor duly designated for the purpose as Vice
Chailperson, and a representative from the Department of PubLic Works and
Highways (DPWH) and Department of Envilonment and Natural Resources
(DENR) as Members, to tear down and remove all unlawful election materials.
For NCI{, a representative from the Metro Manila Development Authority
(MMDA) shall also be designated as member. The Chairperson of the Task
Force may, at his/her discretion, include ot1-rer agencies or organizations in the
Task Force.
Resolution No. 11086 Page 24 of 31,
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

The Task Force shall have the following duties and functions:

(a) To take down and remove campaign propagalda materials posted in

public places outside the common poster areas;

(b) To take down and remove all prohibited forms of campaign materials
wherever posted or displayed in public places;

(c) To monitor and watch out {or persons posting or distributing said
unlawful election paraphemalia; and

(d) To submit a report of said activifies to the Office of the Regional Election
Director (ORED).

The PNP/Armed Forces of the Philippines

(AFP), as deputized by the
COMELEC, shall assist the Task Force by ensuring the security throughout the
activity.

SECTIoN 28. Modes of remooal or dismantling of prohibited forms of campaign

mateials. -

(a) Simple abatement or the summary removal of illegal campaign materials

clearly seen in prohibited locations such as those outside the common
poster areas or in public places.

@) Punitive abatement or the removal of illegal campaign materials subject

to Notice and preparatory to the filing of appropriate legal action.

The procedure for this form of abatement are as follows:

(1) The Election Officers shall survey they respective areas of jurisdiction
and document illegal campaign materials by taking photographs,
indicating their location, date and time. The date and time shall be
proven by a newspaper of the day, and there shall be at least one
article prominently visible to authenticate the date when it was taken.
The photos must be strategically taken showing the landmarks of the
locations where the illegal campaign materials are posted.

(2) The Election Officer shall immediately send the Notice to Remove to
the candidates to their designated "address for Election Purposes"
indicated in their CertiJicates of Candidacy. The Notice to Remove
shall contain the foilowing:
Resolution No. 11086 Page 25 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fab Election Act (RA 9006)

1 Description of the illegal campaign materials;

It Location where they were seen with landmarks;

111 Specif ic violation/ s committed;

lV. Instruction to remove the campaign material witl'rin seventy-two

(72) hours with mention of the penalty in case of failure to
comply;

v. Signature of the Election Officer; and

v1. A clear photo of the campaign material earlier documented shall

be attached to the Notice {or relerence of the candidate. Seventy-
lwo (72) hours shall be counted after receipt of the Notice by the
candidate collcemed or a person of sufficient age and discretion
at the address indicated with his/her full name, signature and
date of receipt of the copy, eithel by personal service or express
mail.

A sample tenrplate of said Notice is attached hereto as Armex "A".

In case of failure to remove the same within seventy-two (72) hours

from Notice, such candidate is presumed to be the owner or the
person who caused such violation.

(3) An Affidavit of Service shall be executed by the COMELEC staff who

has served or mailed the same.

(4) After seventv-two (72) hours, the Election Officer, in coordination

with parbrers shall return to the place where the illegal campaign
material is located to inspect the same. If the material is still there,
he/she shall take a photo of it with the newspaper of the day, to
authenticate the fact that it is still there despite the lapse of seventy-
two (72) hours, after which it will be taken down in a manner that will
preserve its evidentiary value. For purposes of proper identiiication
of evidence, the following shall be written at the back thereto:

i. Name of the Candidate/s or Parties;

ii. Specific place where campaign posters were removed from;

iii. Date of removal

iv. Nature of violation (oversized, placed outside the CPA, etc.);

' Resolution No. 11086 Page 26 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

v. Names and signafures of witnessesi

vi. Name of the Election Officer and his/her signature;

(5) The Election Officer shall prepare a Complaint-Affidavit or

Sinumpaang Salaysay detailing the circumstances of the commission of
the election offense with the following attachments:

i. The original Notice to Remove (with attached photo/s) with

proof of receip!

ii. Notarized Affidavit of Service;

iii. A photo to show non-compliance to the Notice on the date of the

removal after seventy-lwo (72) hoursi and

iv. The actual campaign material with the signatures of the Election
Officer and wihresses therein.

For this purpose, all Regior-ral Election Dilectors, Assistant Regional

Election Directors, Regional Election Attorneys, Provincial Election
Supervisors and Election Officers who are members of the Philippine
Bar are authorized to administer oath.

(6) Submit to the Law Departrner-rt for evaluation and/or docketing.

(D The Law Department, after evaluation and finding basis for probable
cause, shall refer to the Regional Election Director for the conduct of
a Preliminary Investigation.

(8) The Regional Election Director may designate al Investigating Officer

who must be a member of the bar.

(9) The Investigating Officer shall conduct preliminary investigation by:

1. Requiring respondent/s to submit verified Counter Affidavits

with affidavits of witnesses;

11. Conduct of clariJicatory hearing/s, i{ necessary, to ascertain

factual issues; and

iii. Submit the Findings/Recommendafions in accordalce with the

periods required by the Law Department.
Resolution No. 11086 Page 27 of 3l
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

(10) The ORED shall transmit to the Law Department the Findings and
Recommendation of the Investigating Officer;

(11) The Law Department shall review the Findings and Recommendation
of the Investigating Officer and submit to the Commission En Banc its
owrr recofiunendation; and

(12) Comrnissiorr En Banc shall issue a resolution affirming, denying,

T11e
and/or modifying the recommendation of tl-re Law Department.

SECTIoN 29. Remoaol of Prohibited Propaganda Materials Before the Start of the
Campaign Peiod. - A11 prohibited forms of eiection propaganda shall be
immediately removed, or caused to be removed, by said candidate or party at
least seventy-flvo (72) hours before tl're start of the campaign period.

The prohibited forms of propaganda contemplated in this Section include any

names, images, logos, brands, insignias, initials, and other forms of identifiable
graphical representations on any public structures or places as enumerated in
Section 8 (f) of these guidelines placed by incumbent officials.

SECTIoN 30. Reruoaal of Propaganda Materials After thz Elections. - Within five (5)
days after the elections and witl'rout need of notice, the candidates shall remove
or cause to remove all their election propaganda at theil expenses or for whose
apparent benefit the election propaganda materials have been produced,
displayed, and disseminated.

SECTIoN 31,. Proper Disposal of Election Propagandn Confiscated, Renmted or Taken

Doumby COMELEC and/or itsDeputies. - A11 materials confiscated, removed, or
taken down pursuant to this Resolution shall be disposed of in accordalce with
subsequent guidelines to be issued by the Commission.
SECTIoN 32. Elecfion Sunteys. - During the election period, any person/ whether
natural or juridicaf candidate or organization may conduct an election survey.
Should they decide to publish the said survey for public consumption, thev
rnust likewise publish the following information:

(a) The name of the persorl candidate, party ol organization that

commissioned, paid for, or subscribed to the survey;

(b) The name of the person, polling firm or survelr organization who
conducted the survey;
Resolution No. 11086 Page 28 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fah' Election Act (RA 9006)

(c) The pedod during which the survey was conducted, the methodology
used, including the number of individual respondents and the areas from
which they were selected, and the specific questions asked;

(d) The margin of error of the sulvey;

(e) For each question where the margin of error is greater than that reported
under paragraph (d), the margin of error for that question; and

(f) A mailing address and contact information at which the sponsor can be
reached to obtain a writtell report regarding the survey in accordance with
the next succeeding paragraph.

The survey together witll the raw data gathered to support its conclusions shall
be available for inspection, copying and veri{ication by the COMELEC. Any
violation of tiris Section shall constitute an election offense.

SECTIoN 33. Exit Polls. - Exit pol1s may only be taken subject to the following
requirements:

(a) Pollster sha1l not conduct their surveys within thirty (30) meters from the
vothg center;

(b) Pollsters shall wear distinctive clothing and prominently wear t1'reir
identi{ication cards issued by the organization they represent

(c) Pollsters shali inform the voters that they may refuse to answer;

(d) The results of the exit polls may be amounced after the closing of the polls
on election day, and must identifl, the total number of respondents, and
the places where they were taken. Said arurouncement shall state that the
same is unofficial and does not represent a trer-rd; and

(e) The conduct of exit polls shall not block tl-re ingress to and egress from the
voting center of other voters, cause any foaffic of motor vehicles, or cause
the crowding of people.

SECTIoN 34. Application for Permit to Hold Public Meetings, Rallies or Other
Political Actioities. - All, applications for permits to hold public meefings, rallies
and other similar political activities shall be filed with the authorized city or
municipal official who shall acknowledge thereof in writing. Immediately after
its filing, the application shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the city or
mr:nicipal hall or building.
Resoluflon No. 11086 Page 29 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

The official before whom the application is filed shall submit to the Election
Officer concemed on the first working day of each week the list of applications,
if any, filed during the previous week and the action taken thereon.

SEcuou 35. Action on Application for Permit. - Within three (3) days after the
filing of ar-r application for permit to hold public meetings, rallies or other
political activities, the local authority concemed sha1l act in writing on said
application. Any application not acted upon within three (3) days from the date
of its iiling shall be deemed approved.

In acting on the applicatiorl the approving official shall give all candidates and
parties equal and fair opportunity as to date, time alrd place, to hold public
political meetings or rallies. In the last week of the campaign period, all
independent candidates and parties shall be entitled to hold at least one public
meeting or rally, in the public plaza $ place where public political meetings or
rallies are usually l'reld.

An application for permit shall be denied only on the ground that a prior
written application by another candidate or party has been approved. Denial
of any application may be appealed to the PES or to the RED, for cases in the
National Capital Regiory who shall decide flre same witllin forty-eight (48)
hours after the filing of the appeal, and shall give notice of the decision to the
parties. The decision shall be final and executory.

SECTIoN 36. Proltibited Acts Dtring Ptfulic ltAeetings. - It is unlawful for any
candidate, party or any persoll to give or accept, free of cl-rarge, directly or
indirectly, transportation, food and drinks, or anything of value during and
within the five (5) hours before and after a public meeting/ or to give or
contribute, directly or indirectly, money or things of value for such purpose.

SECTIoN 37. E-rallies and Lktestreants Alluoed. - Any political party or any
candidate, individually or jointly with other aspirants, may hold peaceful
online political meetings, rallies or other sirnilar activities during the campaign
period. Such online political meetings, rallies, and similar activities are not
covered by the linttations on broadcast advertising.

Live streaming on the candidates' social media platforms shall be considered a

form of e-rally, subject to the following rules:

(a) A1l e-rallies shall include a disclosure that identiJies it as a political meeting
ol rally and provide the relevant date, tin-re, and location ilrformation. For
this purpose, a livesh'eam on the candidate's social media platforms shall
be considered a political meefing or rally.

(b) Candidates may receive in-platform gi{ts and game currency but shall not
be allowed to give gifts to livestream audiences, nor to run promotions and
tLesolution No. 11086 Page 30 of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fair Election Act (RA 9006)

campaigns that will award in-platform gifts or game currency to platform

users and livestream audiences.

SECTIoN 38. Mass Media Coluntnist, Announcer or Persotlalilll Running for Public
Offlce or is n Canryaign VoLunteer. - Any mass media columnist, commentator,
announcer, or reporter who is a candidate for any elective public office, a party-
list nominee, or is a campaign volunteer for or employed or retained in any
capacity by *y candidate or paaty shall be deemed resigned, if so required by
their employer, or shall take a leave of absence from his/her work as such
during the campaign period; Provided, that after he/she has filed his certificate
of candidacy but be{ore the campaign period, it shall be his/her obligation not
to use his media work for premature election campaign or partisan political
activity: Provided, finally, Orat any media practitioner who, while not himself
a candidate, is an official of a political party or a member of the campaign sta{f
of a candidate or party shall not use his/her time or space to favor any
candidate or party.

SECTIoN 39. De.putization - The COMELEC hereby deputizes the Pl'rilippine

Information Agency (PIA) and enlists the assistance of Kapisanan ng mga
Brodkasters ng Pilipinas (KBP), to assist the Commissiory in coordination with
the EID, in the dissemination o{ these Rules.

The COMELEC hereby deputizes iocal government units (LGUs), the

Department of the Interior and Local Govemment (DILG), DEN& DPIA/H, and
MMDA to assist the Commission in lemoving and taking down of unlawful
election propaganda materials without any partiality and to provide facilities
and/or equipment necessary in takedown of illegal propaganda materials and
perform such other duties and functions as the Comrnission may prescribe
from fime to time.

SECTIoN 40. Ekction Offense. - As stated in Section 13 of the RA 9006 or the Fair
Election Act, violalion of the said law and these implementing Rules and
Regulations shall constitute an election offense pur-rishable urder Section 264 of
the Omnibus Election Code and other pertinent laws., rules and regulations,
whenever applicable.

Any aggrieved party may file a verified complaint for violation of these Rules
with the COMELEC Law Department, or the Office o{ the Regional Election
Director (ORED), Office of the Provincial Election Supervisor (OPES), or the
Office of the Election Officer (OEO) where the alleged violation took place.

Sncrrorrt 41. Effectioity. - This Resolution shall take effect on the seventh (7th)
day after its publication in two (2) daily newspapers of general circulation in
the Philippines. This Resolution supersedes all previous resolutions
inc onsis tent herewith.
( rI Resolution No. 1L086 Page 3L of 31
2025 NLBPE IRR of the Fa:ir Electiott Act (RA 9006)

SrcnoN 42. Publicstion and Disseninatian. - The Education and Information

Department shall cause the publication of this Resolution in at least two (2)
daily newspapers of general circulation in the Philippines, post the resolution
in the COMELEC website, and furnish copies thereof to all field offices of the
COMELEC. This Resolution shall likewise be disseminated to government
agencies deputized by the Commission to assist in the implementation of the
Fair Election Act.

SO ORDERED.

GEORGE ERWIN M. GARCIA

Cluirman

SOCORRO B. INTING MARLON S. CASQUEJO

Commissioner Contmissioner

AIMEE P. FEROLINO REY E. BULAY

Corumissioner Commissioner

ERNESTO FERDINAND P. MACEDA,IR. NELSON J. CELrS

Commissioner Commissioner

CERTIFICATION
APPROVED for publication on December 9,2024.

S B. DIOLA
Director lV
Offio of tlrc COMELEC Secretary

This Resolution can be verified at this number (02) 5527-2987 and email address at
comsec@c omelec. gov. ph.
, ; Rcgo Iution No. 11086

fNotice to Reno)e Campaign Materials templqte to be giuen tcn cc.ndidates and/or parties whose campaign materials
are found outside the authorized comnTon poster oreas ot t?ithin the prohibited public areal

Annex "A"

Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
Office of the [RED/PES/CEOA{EO]
[City/Municipality/ Province/ Region]

NOTICE TO REMOVE CAMPAIGN MATERIALS

Date: ldate carnDaig! Ea!9!i4L!p!1!Q!L]

[Name ofCandidate or Party Treasurer]

Candidate for [Elective Position Sought]/ Name of Party
[Candidate/party's Headquarters Address]

Dear Sir/Madam

This pertains to the campaign rnaterials promoting your candidacy/party which contains the following images/
names/ messages:

Materialsize : [ex. 2/eel, pffttait orie tdlion l

Description : [ex. Full-color print on posler pqpetlatpqtlin l
Images of : [ex. Juan de la Cruz, ,]ohn Doe, JatP Doe l
Message : [ex. "Vote Juan dela Cmz Jor Mayor!" l
[if the image was photogt aphed, lhe photograph nay he inserted or placed here]

Said materiai/s was/ were folund on of Maip

ver rc I lst t, eet This location where the campaign materials were found is: [place a "'/ " i lhe box t,hichever is
applicablel

tr Not a COMELEC-designated common poster area.

tr A public place where the posting ofcampaign materials is prohibited

Yorr are hereby ordered to remove the srid campaign materi&ls, regardless of whoever was responsible for posting
the sam€, within three (3) days from receipt of this notice, Failure to do so will give rise to the presumption that you/
your party were responsible for posting the said materials. In addition to the filing ofelection offense charges, the cost of
the said materials will be assessed according to the prevailing market rate and will be included in your list of expenditures.

Issued this _ day of- 2025"

ISignature]
[Name ofEO/PES/RED]
[Position]
IJurisdiction]

[Place note the date when this notice was receil)ed dnd wlto received it.]