PARTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR

REAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

PROMOTER: KEBEDE GEMECHU

LOCATION: OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, SHEGER CITY GELAN

GUDA SUB-CITY DALETI WOREDA

SUBMITED TO; GELAN GUDA SUB-CITY ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION AUTHORITY
DECEMBER 2024

GELAN GUDA, SHEGER

PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

Contents
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... vi

List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... vi

List of Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... vii

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 2

1.1. General background of the promoter and the project ................................................... 3

1.2 Objective of the Study..................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 5
Phase-II ................................................................................................................................... 5

Phase-III .................................................................................................................................. 6

1.5 Field observation .......................................................................................................... 6

1.6 Consultation with the public and relevant organizations ........................................... 6
1.7. Impact identification ................................................................................................... 7
1.9. Description of the characteristics of impacts .............................................................. 7
2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING ....................................................................................... 8
3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK..................................... 10

3.1. Policy and Legislative Framework ..................................................................................10

3.1.1. National Policy& strategy ..........................................................................................10
3.2. Proclamation and Regulations .........................................................................................12
3.2.1 The Investment Proclamation No. 769/2012 ...............................................................12
3.2.2. Building proclamation (proclamation No 624/2009) ..................................................12
3.2.3. Public health-proclamation (proc. No 200/2000) ........................................................13
3.2.4. Labor Proclamation in Ethiopia No. 1156-2019 .......................................................13
3.2.5. Proclamation No 197/2000, Ethiopian Water Resources Management .......................14
3.2.6. Environmental Proclamation Laws and Regulations ...................................................14
3.2.7. Regulations Pertaining to the Standards .....................................................................16
PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

3.2.8. Relevant International Conventions ...........................................................................18

3.3. Institutional and Administrative Framework ...................................................................19
3.3.1. Environment, Forest and Climate change commission (EFCCC) ................................19
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 20

4.1.1 Project Goal.................................................................................................................21

4.1.2 Location .......................................................................................................................21
4.1.3 Project Objectives and Justification ...........................................................................22
4.1.3.1 Project Objectives ..................................................................................................22
Project Specific objectives .................................................................................................... 22

4.1.3.2 Project Justification .................................................................................................22

A.Product Mix ....................................................................................................................... 24

B.Production program .......................................................................................................... 25

Use phase environmental impacts ........................................................................................ 26

4.2.4. Equipment’s and Machineries.................................................................................29

4.2.5.Utilities ......................................................................................................................29
5. BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................. 30

5.1. Physical Environment .....................................................................................................30

5.1.1 Geology and Soil .......................................................................................................30
5.1.2 Topography and climatic condition .........................................................................30
5.2 Biological Environment .................................................................................................31
5.3 Socio economic characteristics of the town ...................................................................31
5.3.1 Urban Infrastructure ................................................................................................31
5.3.2 Unemployment and Social Vulnerability .................................................................32
5.3.4 Education Condition of the town .............................................................................33
5.3.5 Transportation and Environment ............................................................................33
6. IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS ................................ 34

6.1 Basis of Identification of Impacts .....................................................................................34

6.1.1 Physical Environment (Biophysical Impacts) ..............................................................34
6.1.2 Natural Environment ..................................................................................................34
6.1.3 Social welfare, Economic and Cultural Environment ..................................................34
PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

6.2 Description of the Existing and Anticipated Impacts ........................................................35

6.2.1 Existing impacts .........................................................................................................35
6.2.2 Anticipated impacts ....................................................................................................35
6.3 Positive Impacts ...............................................................................................................37
7. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES ........................................................................................................................... 38

7.1. Beneficial Impacts of the Project .....................................................................................38

7.1.1. Employment opportunities .........................................................................................38
7.1.2. Contribution to the national economic growth ............................................................39
7.1.3. Socio- Economic Benefits ..........................................................................................39
7.1.4. Improved Aesthetics and Optimal Use of Land ..........................................................40
7.2. Potential Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures ........................................40
7.2.1. Pre-construction phase adverse impacts and mitigation measures ...............................40
7.2.2. Construction Phase Adverse Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures .............................41
7.2.3Operational Phase Adverse Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures .................................49
7.2.4. Decommissioning Phase Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures ...................................53
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT &MONITORING PLAN ...................................... 56

8.1. Environmental Management Plan ....................................................................................56

8.1.2. Air Quality management plan ....................................................................................56
8.1.3. Noise & Vibration management plan .........................................................................57
8.1.4. Waste and management plan ......................................................................................57
8.1.5. Vegetation restoration plan ........................................................................................59
8.1.6. Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan ....................................................59
8.1.7. Emergency Preparedness, Response management and contingency Plan ....................59
8.1.8. Labor and Working Conditions management plan ......................................................60
8.1.9. Community Engagement Plan ....................................................................................61
8.1.10. Capacity Building /Training .....................................................................................62
8.1.11. Environmental unit Plan...........................................................................................63
8.1.12. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) ......................................................................63
8.1.13. Revision of Environmental Management Plan ..........................................................64
8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan .......................................................................................71
PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

8.2.1Institutional Framework for Monitoring, Reporting and Supervision ............................80

9. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................... 81

9.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................81

10.2 Recommendations ..........................................................................................................81
References .............................................................................................................................. 82
PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

List of Tables
Table 1: Limit Values for Discharges to Water sources ------------------------------------- 16
Table 2: Limit Values for Emissions to Air ---------------------------------------------------- 17
Table 3: Limit Values for Noise level ---------------------------------------------------------- 17
Table 4: Assessment Criteria for Significant Impacts ---------------------------------------- 29
Table 5: Potential Environmental and Socio Impacts ---------------------------------------- 30
Table 6; Positive Impacts of the Proposed Development and Justification ----------------- 31
Table 7: Specific responsibilities for air quality management ------------------------------- 51
Table 8: Specific responsibilities for Solid Waste Management ---------------------------- 52
Table 9: Environmental and Social Management Plan --------------------------------------- 59
Table 10: Environmental Monitoring plan ----------------------------------------------------- 67
List of Figures

Figure 1: Generalized EIA flow chart----------------------------------------------------------------5

Figure2. Location -Map of the project area ------------------------------------------------------20

PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

List of Acronyms
AAWSA Addis Ababa water and sewerage authority
CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
EFCCC Environment, Forest and Climate change commission
EHS Environmental, Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPA’s Environmental Impact Assessment
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
ETB Ethiopian Birr, the National Currency
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Ha Hectare
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
CSA Central Statistical Authority
IEC Information Education and Communication
STI Sexually Transmitted Infections
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
MER Main Ethiopian Rift
DGs Diesel Generators
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

NOMENCLATURE OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CO Carbon Monoxide
PM Particulate Matter
SO2 Sulfur Dioxide
TSP Total Suspended Particles
O3 Ozone
Executive Summary
This Partial environmental and social impact assessment (PESIA) study of proposed “Real Estate
Construction“ has been conducted by Bright star management and Environment Consultancy PLC.
The Project is being proposed by Kebede Gemechu
The proposed construction project is supposed to build standardized and high-quality Real Estate
Cons.at an affordable price for Bed rooms, training hall with rooms, Cafeteria, Restaurant, parking,
Shops and etc. In South west Gelan Guda sub city Daleti Woreda on 4325.19m2 land with an investment
capital of ETB 3.5 million Et. Birr. The project supposed to create job opportunities for about 27
peoples will be employed permanently in the project.
The project is expected to commence as soon as all the approval requirements are meet and done
through the various relevant line organizations and institutions which include the ESIA approval
process by Gelan Guda sub city Environmental protection authority.
This PESIA assessment has been made in conformity with the requirements of Ethiopian Environmental
Protection Act No.299/2002and as well as Oromia Regional State Environmental Impact Assessment
Proclamation No 176/2012 guidelines are not available. Laws, Policies and institutions pertain to the
project under the study have been considered for the purpose of identifying potential project
constraints, and establishing background for realistic and sensitive recommendations.

The fundamental objective of the assessment is to ensure that, the proposed project is environmentally
sound and contributes to the development of environmental assets. It is also expected to provide a
means whereby the overall environmental performance of the project can be enhanced. Accordingly,
the study team collected and review published national and regional policies, legislatives, regulations
and guidelines as well as international conventions and protocols ratified by the Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), Central Statistical Authority (CSA) Census Reports and documents.
Secondary data on biophysical and socioeconomic environments collected from different sources.
Impacts identified using checklist and illustrated in matrix form.

The ESIA discusses major environmental and social issues and constraints that can arise from the
project implementation. The following are some of the findings identified by the team.

The major positive impacts of the proposed project are mainly: employment opportunities with special
emphasis on women and youth, contribution to the national economic growth, local income generation
and livelihood improvement, improved aesthetics and optimal use of land.

The major adverse impacts are: the significant potential adverse impacts of the proposed project
identified are: noise and vibrations, air pollution, health and safety risks, deep trenching/ excavation
PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

risks, soil erosion and water logging, waste generation, increased traffic, increased water and energy
demand.

The above mentioned impacts will be effectively managed and where possible eliminated through:
minimization of erosion from cleared areas, efficient sourcing and use of raw materials, minimization
of surface and groundwater contamination, minimization of risks of accidents and injuries to workers,
minimization of noise and vibrations, air pollution, minimization of health and safety risks,
minimization of excavation risks, solid waste management, wastewater management and landscape
management.

The study has also proposed an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) to address
the management of the identified environmental issues associated with the project. To this effect, a
budget of ETB100,000.00 has been proposed to implement EMP and monitoring in consent with the
project proponent as well the project proponent required to allocate at least 2% of the total area of land
for green area development. Indeed, there is a need that, the project proponent undertakes the overall
responsibility for compliance with the environmental management plan (EMP).

Based on the findings of the environmental assessment, it is reasonable to conclude that the
environmental impacts of establishment of Real Estate Cons.in the proposed area will be minor, of low
magnitude, low intensity and low sensitivity; they would be duly mitigated by incorporating the
suggested measures. Implementing the environmental management plan (EMP), which forms an
integral part of the ESIA process, will ensure the environmental compliance of the project under the
study.

1. INTRODUCTION

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1.1. General background of the promoter and the project

The current fast and dynamic economic growth of Oromia region especially in Gelan Guda sub city
necessitates equivalent growth of building and construction sector. The sector should expand rapidly to
support the overall economic development sustainable. In the building sector of the economy, the multi-
purpose in the one be coming rapidly expanding in Gelan Guda sub city since dynamic economic
development of urban economy requires the construction of these buildings in the Sub city to support the
growing of business service sectors like supermarkets, Beauty salon, shops, offices cinemas, Computer
Center, Cafeterias, restaurant, assembly hall, apartments and other activities. In this regard, mixed used
building expands in the all parts of the Sub city.

Investment and property development play an important role in any emerging markets or economies.
Property generally comprises residential houses and commercial real estate property (mainly mixed us
building) developed for rental business and sale. The property investment market in Ethiopia remained under
developed for several years. As a consequence, the supply of residential houses and non-residential real
estate that can be used for residence, office space, shopping malls and catering services in the urban centers
of the country is disproportionately low to cope with the growing demand in the country spinning from the
average growth in GDP of 5.5% over the last ten years and population increase. The relatively good
performance of the macro-economy (real growth in GDP, low inflation rate and growth in investment and
export sector has stimulated unprecedented investment growth in property sector over the last five years.
The growth of investment in the property market over the last five years inconsistent with the global
experience suggesting the investment in the residential and
commercial property is greatly influenced by the performance of the macroeconomic condition leads to ec
onomic and business growth and develops investors’ confidence. These certainly spur large demand in the
property market for office space, shopping malls, catering services, apartment and residential houses.
Following growing demand trends, and with the expectation of high return on their investment capital, large
number of land developers pooled their financial resources and invested in the properly market.

In relation to any project implementation, growing consciousness of environmental problems during recent
years has led to increased demand to analysis the environmental impacts of a newly established project
specially the potential risks and problems to the health of the society as well as to the environment. Besides,
assessing environmental issues also become a critical success factor for business.

The purpose of this report is, therefore, to carry out Partial Environmental Impact Assessment (PEIA) on
this proposed project particularly concerning environmental pollution. As the initial environmental

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examination indicates that at the screening stage: There is a sufficient ground for the requirement of detailed
environmental impact assessment for this project. The fact that the operational stage of the project
characterized by resource consumption with a subsequent generation of unwanted materials, Environmental
impact Assessment is necessary to indicate what measure should be taken at the different stages of the
project, particularly in relation to pollution control strategies. This report concerns Partial Environmental
Impact Assessment (PEIA) of Real Estate Cons.in Daleti woreda Gelan Guda sub city.

This study document incorporates the introduction part, approach followed in conducting the study,
assumptions/gaps in knowledge, legal and policy implications, baseline information about the project and
the environment, environmental impacts and proposed mitigating measures, management plan, conclusion
and recommendation.
1.2 Objective of the Study
The objectives of this study are to identify and ensure the impacts of Multipurpose construction project are
adequately and properly considered and, to design a mitigation based on PESIA principles and guidelines.
Consequently, this process serves to bring about administrative transparency and accountability, community
participation and sustainable development.
Specific objectives
 Assess the baseline environmental & social condition of the proposed project area.
 Predicting and evaluating impacts associated with the production process of Real Estate Cons.
 Reviewing the measures set by the project and formulation of plans and recommendations
regarding measures to be taken to minimize adverse impacts and encourage beneficial impacts.
 Identify and assess all potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed project.
 Identify all potential significant adverse environmental and social impacts of the project and
recommend measures for mitigation.
 Verify compliance with the environmental regulations and relevant standards.
 Identify non-conformity and recommend measures to improve the environmental management
system throughout the environmental audit.
 Generate baseline data that will be used to monitor and evaluate the mitigation measures
implemented during the environmental audit.
 Recommend cost effective measures to be used to mitigate against the anticipated negative
environmental & social impacts.

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 Prepare a Partial Environmental and Social Impact Assessment /PESIA/ Study Report in
compliance to the Environmental Management and Coordination and the Environmental Impact
Assessment and Regulations
 Provide guidelines to stakeholders participating in the mitigation of adverse social impacts of the
project
1.3 Methodology
To facilitate the permitting process, proponents are required to provide adequate information on their
proposal to serve as a basis for decision-making. It is in fulfillment of this requirement that this Report has
been prepared by the consultancy, for the design, construction, testing and commissioning of Multipurpose
Construction project establishment. To facilitate this, site inspections, consultations, visual assessments and
evaluation procedures were undertaken.
The study team visited the project site and subsequently carried out in depth assessment of the likely
environmental implications of the proposed Multipurpose Modern development project. The team also
interacted and discussed possible environmental and socio-economic impacts of the proposed project with
a number of stakeholders in order to:
• Identify key environmental concerns relating to the proposed project; and

• Highlight the concerns of the relevant stakeholders in the preparation of the Report.

The environmental impact of the project is prepared based three phases.

Phase-I
The first phase started by acquiring existing project documents (feasibility study report, preoperational and
operational activities, etc.), location and topographic maps, soil & water test reports, hydro- metrological
data and hydro-geological data of the project area. This was followed by an intensive desktop review of
available documents. The procedural EIA guidelines (2003), EIA review guidelines (2003) and
Environmental Policy and Law of Ethiopia, EIA guidelines for such sector investment have been reviewed.
Guideline for socially and environmentally responsible production of Real Estate Cons.project was
thoroughly studied in order to design the structure of the report. Checklists to collect data and design of
successive phases of studies were designed based on the information obtained from the desktop review and
others.
Phase-II
Any available information and data that describe the most relevant features of the project and the area where
the project is to be implemented were collected using the prepared checklist during the second phase of this
study. These include important features of the project that would have direct impact on the environment i.e.

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information on Real Estate Cons. project and similar activities will be investigated. In addition, visual and
scientific information was gathered on the biophysical and socioeconomic conditions of the project area
from proponent and credible government institutions.
Phase-III
The last phase of the study has been allocated to synthesis and analysis the collected information based on
the available standards, legal requirement, etc. This enabled to predict the possible environmental impacts
that could result during the construction and throughout the operation life of the project.

Possible mitigation measures were also identified to prevent, reduce or minimize the predicted
environmental impacts. Furthermore, environmental impact assessment findings and the mitigation
measures that are recommended to address the impacts were also included. In addition, monitoring and/or
auditing mechanisms are designed to those impacts that need an ongoing monitoring in the life span of the
project and to address the unforeseen environmental impacts in the study.
1.4 Limitations
Even though some progress is made regarding PEIA, management and monitoring on Real Estate Cons.
project activities and services, there are a lot of things to be done to realize objectives of the proclamation
in developing countries like Ethiopia. Some of the challenges in undertaking the study are:
 Getting scientific and sufficient and reliable primary data particularly for the specific location Daleti
Woreda was difficult, because of this the socio economic and biological information based on Gelan
Guda data’s, which is relatively wide.
 Lack of systemic networking among concerned government organizations so as to accomplish the
study as per the guideline of EIA,
 Having complete knowledge and perfect skill on scientific analysis of environmental impact.
1.5 Field observation

The site visit was made to assess the baseline environmental & social conditions of the proposed project, to
identify environmental components that are likely to be significantly affected by the proposed project.
During the field investigation, information on physical and biological resources, socio-economic as well as
socio-cultural profile data has been collected.

1.6 Consultation with the public and relevant organizations

Despite, the environmental and social Impact Assessment proclamation No. 299/170 2, article 15, sub article
1 and 2, of Ethiopia addresses public participation. As part of the environmental and social Impact
Assessment for the proposed development project, to know background information significant to impact

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assessment and environment management and to identify any areas of specific concern which need to be
addressed by the project owners. Consultations made aimed at providing relevant information about the
company; discussion on the possible adverse and beneficial effects of the project to the community and to
collect recommendation on ways of the perceived adverse effects and maximizing the benefits of the project
activities.

1.7. Impact identification

The checklists, matrices, have been used to identify and analyze the main impacts as well rating and
evaluating the significance of the impacts.

1.9. Description of the characteristics of impacts

Description of the characteristics of impacts in terms of: nature, magnitude, extent, location timing, duration,
livelihood and significance.

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2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING
With the aim of deciding upon the limits of the study area and the list of activities and impacts to be studied
during the assessment, an initial environmental examination and scoping have been carried out. The scoping
exercise has been carried out with the following main objectives:

 To define the limits of the study area,

 To define list of valued ecosystem components within the study area,
 To define list of activities, type and magnitude of the proposed project, and
 To define list of impacts to be studied.
In order to carry out the above tasks a tool and technique relevant to the project was employed. For
example,Environmental scoping checklist with followed by site and literature review have been applied.

This PESIA document covers the activities that will take place in the Real Estate Cons. project which
includes: - Impacts during operation of the project implementation, Real Estate Construction project such
as: -
 Waste water generation during operation of the project
 Solid waste generation during construction and operation of the project
 Noise pollution
 Odor and air pollution during project implementation from VOCs emissions
 Health and safety impact during for the staff workers during construction and operation of the
project
2.1 Valued Ecosystem Components within the Study Area
The primary function of scoping also referred to as setting the Terms of Reference of a PESIA, is to establish
the environmental priorities and set the boundaries for the study. The objective of is to avoid creating a
voluminous report and make the assessment process concise and focused. Impacts of the Real Estate Cons.
Project will totally cover around 4325.19m2 found in around Gelan Guda sub city. Primarily water and air
are the natural ecosystem to be impacted by the project as result of the dust generated during construction
and transportation, loading and unloading activities. Landscape changes because construction affects the
flora and faunas reduce water quality and quantity of the area. Physical injuries and human health affected
from the dust emission during construction, processing, loading and unloading. Noise pollution is also
another effect raised from the machines used to full fill the purposes of the project.

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2.2 Defining list of Activities, type and Magnitude of the Production Project
To investigate the activities such as base line environmental condition (such as the status of flora and fauna)
diversity and distribution, water resources quality and quantity situation, soil type and geology of the area
were investigated with objectives of predicting the future with the project and without the project. The type
and magnitude of the impact due to the project is part of the environmental scoping. The PESIA team of
expertise identified the impact type such as:
Effects on endangered species
 Change in natural landscapes
 Impacts on the human health
 Effects on the present use of available natural resources
 Abandonment of either use of future production of natural resources
 Air quality deterioration
 Water quality reduction
 Soil pollution
 Instability of lands

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3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

This section presents the national policy and regulations applicable to the project under the assessment.
3.1. Policy and Legislative Framework
The ESIA study for Real Estate Construction is carried out within the framework of the local and national
environmental regulation and guidelines. Ethiopia adopted its Constitution in 1995, which provides the basic
and comprehensive principles and guidelines for environmental protection, and management in the country.
The FDRE consists of the Federal State and Regional States. Proclamations 33/ 1992, 41/1993 and 4/ 1995
defined the duties and responsibilities of the Regional States which include planning, directing and
developing social and economic development programs as well as protection of natural resources.
Accordingly, the legislative frameworks applicable to the proposed project are relevant proclamations,
national environmental guidelines and regulations issued by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
(FDRE) and that of Oromia regional state are outlined below.
3.1.1. National Policy& strategy
3.1.1.1. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE, 1997)
This policy provides a number of guiding principles that indicate and require a strong adherence to
sustainable development, and a high commitment to, among other things, the need:
 To ensure that environmental and social impact assessments consider not only physical and
biological impacts but also address social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions;
 To ensure that public and private sector development programs and projects recognize any
environmental impacts early and incorporate their containment into the development design process;
 To recognize that public consultation is an integral part of ESIA and ensure that ESIA procedures
make provision for both an independent review and public comment before consideration by
decision makers; and
 To ensure that an environmental impact statement always includes mitigation plan for environmental
management problems and contingency plans in case of accidents.
This policy sets the scene for developments and projects within Ethiopia, particularly those of national
significance. The policy underpins the regulatory requirements for ESIA and pollution control and requires
developers to aspire to the highest international standards of environmental and social management for
project development.

3.1.1.2. Public Health Policy

Ethiopia in general, has a low level of health, even in comparison with other Sub-Saharan countries. This is
largely related to low levels of income and widespread poverty, low levels of education, nutritional

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deficiencies, poor environmental conditions, and inadequate access to health services. The government has
therefore assigned a very high priority to significantly improving health care and, in 1998, issued a health
policy based on the following main principles:

 Democratization and decentralization of the health care system.

 Promotion of disease preventive components.
 Ensuring accessibility to health care for the whole population.
 Development of appropriate capacity based on needs assessment.
 Promotion of private sector and NGO participation in the provision of health care.
 Promotion and strengthening of inter-sectorial activities through a national self-reliance program.

The priority areas of the policy are in the field of Information Education and Communication (IEC) of health
to create awareness and behavioral change of the society towards health issues, emphasis on the control of
communicable disease, epidemics, and on diseases that are related to malnutrition and poor living condition,
promotion of occupational health and safety, the development of environmental health, rehabilitation of
health infrastructures, appropriate health service management system, attention to traditional medicines,
carrying out applied health research, provision of essential medicines, and expansion of frontline and middle
level health professionals.
3.1.1.3. Policy on HIV/AIDS of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Government Institution, Non-Government Organizations, religious organizations bilateral and multilateral
agencies, and private sectors, community-based Institutions and the community at large shall be mobilized
to support people living with HIV/AIDS and affected family members. Special attention shall be given to
people who are abandoned and helpless. The right of HIV/AIDS individuals for confidentially in HIV
serologic testing and diagnosis shall be respected. Furthermore, access to employment, education, public
facilities and the right to live wherever they want shall be respected.
3.1.1.4. Conservation strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)

The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE) was launched in 1989. Its aim was, as its name suggests, to
study the natural resources, environmental imperatives and development demands in the country and to
harmonize them. The harmonization process was to be activated through the formulation of an appropriate
environmental policy, which was it to be translated into action through the development of laws and the
setting of standards on the one hand, and through the development of action plans and their implementation
on the other, as well as through environmental education and awareness-raising. The Environmental Policy,
which impinges on all sectors of development and all sections of society, was approved in 1997, the laws
are being drafted and the standards are being set.

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All this was started when the country was at the height of a long civil war, and the project faced many
challenges and has had to adapt its workings to the rapidly-changing political and administrative conditions.
It also faced a serious threat of being derailed by well-meaning but inappropriate external intervention in
the form of aggressive "aid". All these pressures, far from being destructive, helped to formulate an
appropriate Environmental Policy.

3.2. Proclamation and Regulations

3.2.1 The Investment Proclamation No. 769/2012

This proclamation encourages and expansion of investment, especially in the manufacturing sector has
become necessary so as to strengthen the domestic production capacity and there by accelerate the economic
development of the country and improve the living standards of its peoples;, it has become necessary to
enhance and promote the equitable distribution of investments among regions and benefit the society by
ensuring competitiveness among investments made by investors; it has become essential to put in place a
system of supervision to ensure that permits and incentives granted to investors are used for the intended
purposes; the system of investment needs to be transparent and efficient:, it has been considered that the
establishment of industrial development zones helps by creating enabling and competitive condition, to
interrelate manufacturing sectors based on value interrelate manufacturing sectors based on value creation
as well as to attract and expand investment; to these ends, it has become necessary to revise the existing law
on investment; ,in accordance with Article 55(1)of the constitution of the federal Democratic republic of
Ethiopia, has issued proclamation on :
 Investment objectives and areas of investment
 Forms of investment and capital requirements for foreign investors
 Investment permit
 Registration of technology transfer and collaboration agreements with domestic investors
 Investment incentives, guarantee and protection
 Industrial development zones: Establishment of industrials development zones, of industrial
development zones, regulations Related to industrial development zones
 Loans and utilization of foreign currency
 Employment of Expatriates

3.2.2. Building proclamation (proclamation No 624/2009)

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The federal building proclamation sates that before erecting any building a construction permit from relevant
government body is mandatory. Therefore, one cannot simply start the construction of building plan without
securing construction permit.

In addition, the proclamation states that, in cases where danger or serious inconvenience to the public may
ensue from the erection or demolition of a building on any site, theowner shall do all the necessary
preventive works as precautionary measure during construction. Furthermore, where construction materials
or residues thereof are accumulated around a construction site, the owner of the construction site should
remove within the specified time as instructed by urban official.

Regarding dry waste, the proclamation states that any building in which refuse is generated has to provide
with an adequate storage area for refuse collection. The proclamation clearly showed that failure to abide
by the rules and regulation during construction process could bring civil liability to the bleacher.

3.2.3. Public health-proclamation (proc. No 200/2000)

In addition to the occupational health and safety measures and precautions indicated in the labor laws, this
public health proclamation underscores the need for avoiding machineries or instruments that can generate
excessive noise or minimizing the effects by the use of noise reducing apparatus or instrument. In addition,
the proclamation prohibits:

 The discharge of untreated liquid waste generated from septic tanks, seepage pits and industries into
water bodies, or water convergences.
 The disposal of solid, liquid or any waste in a manner, which contaminates the environmental or
affects the health of the society.
3.2.4. Labor Proclamation in Ethiopia No. 1156-2019

The Labor Proclamation (which was revised in 2019) provides ‘the basic principles which govern labor
conditions taking into account the political, economic and social policies of the Government, and in
conformity with the international conventions and other legal commitments to which Ethiopia is a party
with a view to translating into practice the objectives referred to above’. In Part Seven, Chapter One, Article
92 of this proclamation (Occupational Safety, Health and Working Environment, Prevention Measures and
Obligations of the Employers), the requirements in terms of the protection of workforce health and safety
is clearly stipulated. The proclamation requires an employer to take the necessary measures to adequately
safeguard the health and safety of the workers. Workforce health and safety is an important aspect
considered for identifying the potential environmental, health and safety issues that can arise from the
project.

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3.2.5. Proclamation No 197/2000, Ethiopian Water Resources Management

Article 11 of this proclamation states that without prejudice to the exceptions specified under Article 16 of
this Proclamation, no person shall perform the following activities without having obtained a permit from
the Supervising body (Ministry of water and Energy or delegated bodies): construct waterworks; supply
water, whether for his own use or for others; transfer water which he/she abstracted from a water resource
or received from another supplier; and release or discharge waste into water resources unless otherwise
provided for in the regulations to be issued for the implementation of this Proclamation. Any person shall
be required to discuss his/her proposal with the supervising body prior to applying\ for a permit for the
purposes specified in Sub-Article (I) of this Article. Article 16 states any person shall utilize water resources
for the following purposes without holding a permit issued by the Supervising body: dig water wells by
hand or use water from hand-dug wells; use water for traditional irrigation, artisanal and for traditional
animal rearing, as well as for water mills.

3.2.6. Environmental Proclamation Laws and Regulations

The proclamation establishes a system that enables coordinated but differentiated responsibilities among
environmental protection agencies at Federal and Regional levels. The proclamation stipulates the need for
the establishment of Sectorial and Regional Environmental Units and Agencies. The principal organization
responsible for environmental protection is the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), which operates
at both Federal and Regional levels.

3.2.6.1 Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (Proclamation No. 295/2002)

This law clarifies the institutional mandate and responsibilities of the Environmental Protection Authority
(EPA) and aims to integrate environmental considerations into the policies and decision-making of sectorial
agencies through such means as the establishment of environmental units in these agencies at the federal
level and the creation of independent environmental agencies at the regional level. This law also re-
established the Environmental Protection Council, a cross-sectional co-coordinating body that advises the
federal EPA and supervises its activities. The mandate of the Council includes: (i) reviewing environmental
policies, strategies and laws proposed by the EPA and issuing recommendations to government; (ii)
providing appropriate advice on the implementation of the Environmental Protection Policy of Ethiopia;
and (iii) reviewing and approving directives, guidelines, and environmental standards prepared by the EPA.

3.2.6.2. Environmental and social impact assessment (Proclamation No. 299/2002)

This Proclamation aims primarily at making the ESIA mandatory for categories of projects specified under
a directive issued by the EPA. The law specifies projects and activities that will require an environmental

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and social impact assessment (ESIA). The proponent of the project must prepare the ESIA following the
format specified in the legislation. The EPA will then review the ESIA and either approve the project (with
or without conditions) or reject it. Under this legislation, the EPA has to prepare procedures, regulations,
environmental guidelines and standards for the ESIA. Environmental guidelines are among the tools for
facilitating the consideration of environmental issues and principles of sustainable development and their
inclusion in development proposals. This Proclamation requires, among other things: Specified categories
of projects to be subjected to an ESIA and receive an authorization from the EPA or the relevant regional
environmental agency prior to commencing implementation of the project; Licensing agencies to ensure
that the requisite authorization has been duly received prior to issuing an investment permit, a trade or
operating license or a work permit to a business organization;

The EPA or the relevant regional environmental agencies may issue an exemption from carrying out an
ESIA in projects with an insignificant environmental impact; A licensing agency may suspend or cancel a
licence that has already been issued where the EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency suspends
or cancels environmental authorization; Procedures that need to be followed in the process of conducting
an environmental and social impact assessment are described in the Proclamation. Thus, a project developer
is expected to act as follows: Undertake a timely environmental and social impact assessment, identifying
the likely adverse impacts, incorporating the means of their prevention, and submitting the environmental
impact study report accompanied by the necessary documents to the EPA or the relevant regional
environmental agency. Ensure that an environmental and social impact assessment is conducted and an
environmental impact study report is prepared by an expert who meets the requirements set forth by the
directive issued by the EPA. Submit an environmental impact study report to the EPA or the relevant
regional environmental agency for review.
3.2.6.3 Oromia National Regional State Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation
No.176/2012
The Oromia regional state has adopted the Federal Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment after
it customized it to the regional realities. The Oromia region version of the proclamations is called ‘Oromia
National Regional State Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 176/2012’. In addition to the
proclamations, the Land Administration and Environmental Protection Bureau (LAEPB) of Oromia are
preparing detailed regulations on EIA. The Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 176/2012
of the region clearly stipulates the requirement for environmental assessment by stating that “no person shall
commence implementation of a project that requires environmental impact assessment without the
authorization from the Bureau”. The enforcement of this requirement for environmental assessment is

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spearheaded by LEPB and its branch offices at Zonal, City and Woreda levels. According to the regional
proclamation, the environmental impact study report is required to contain sufficient and accurate
information that would enable the bureau to give its decision. This implies that the EIA report is expected
to contain all necessary information that is relevant to the project site, nature and characteristics of the
proposed project, technology and its application process, direct and indirect impacts, cumulative impacts
and etc. The regional proclamation also stipulates that LEPB “shall ensure the inclusion of the opinion of
the public, particularly of the affected community in environmental impact assessment study and their
participation while review of the EIA is made”. The LEPB is required by the law to review the EIA study
report submitted to it within ten days and issue the authorization letter if satisfied with the report within the
stated time limit.

3.2.6.4. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No. 300/2002

This Proclamation state "No Person or establishment shall pollute or cause any other person to pollute the
environment by violating the relevant environmental standards.” Environmental standards specified in the
proclamation include: Standards for the discharge of effluents into water bodies and sewage systems; Air
quality standards that specify the ambient air quality and give the allowable amounts of emission for both
stationary and mobile air pollution sources; Standards for the types and amounts of substances that can be
applied to the soil or be disposed of on or in it; Standards for noise providing for the maximum allowable
noise level taking into account the settlement patterns and the availability of scientific and technological
capacity in the county; and Waste management standards specifying the levels allowed and the methods to
be used in the generation, handling, storage, treatment, transport and disposal of the various types of waste.
3.2.6.5. Solid Waste Management Proclamation No. 513/2007
The solid waste management proclamation stipulates, among others, that each region or unit shall set its
own schedule, and based on that, prepare its solid waste management plan and report implementation. It
further spells out that each unit shall ensure that measures are taken to prevent pollution from mishandling
of solid wastes. Similarly, existing institutional arrangements overseeing the environmental performance of
the industry were summarized. A waste management plan will be prepared during the detailed design stage
of the project to mitigate the impacts through reduction in the use of consumable items, recycling of
materials, and disposal of hazardous wastes at certified locations.
3.2.7. Regulations Pertaining to the Standards
3.2.7.1 Effluent Standards
Ethiopia has no national standard on effluent, but the provisional standard which is prepared by Ethiopia
EPA in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) issued in 2003

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used for benchmarking purposes These draft guidelines require the facility to meet certain basic water
quality standards for trade effluent including sewage as shown in below table.
Table 1: Limit Values for Discharges to Water sources
Parameter Limit Value
PH 6–9
Temperature 40°C
BOD5 at 200C 80 mg/l
COD 250 mg/l
Total phosphorus (as P) 10 mg/l
Suspended solids 100 mg/l
Total dissolved solids (TDS) 3000 mg/l
Total ammonia (as N) 30 mg/l
Ammonia (as free ammonia) 5 mg/l
Nitrate (as N) 20 mg/l
Dissolved phosphorus (as P) 5 mg/l
Total phosphate (as P) 10 mg/l
Fats, oils and grease 20 mg/l
During the detailed design stage of the project, facility requirements will be finalized and will require use
of sewage systems that conform to international standards and criteria for the protection of potable water
sources downstream.
3.2.7.2 Noise Standards
Ethiopia has no national standard on noise, but the provisional standard which is prepared by Ethiopia EPA
in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) issued in 2003 used
for benchmarking purposes. The guideline for daytime perimeter noise is 55 decibels (DBA).
Table 3 provides noise standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia.

Table 2: Limit Values for Noise level

Limits in DBA
Area Code Category of area
Day time1 Night time2
A Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial area 65 55
C Residential area 55 45

1. Day time reckoned to be between 6.00 am to 9.00 pm

2. Night time reckoned to be between 9.00 pm to 6.00 am

3.2.7.3 Ambient Air Quality Standards
Although Ethiopia has no national legislation for air quality so far, the provisional standard which is
prepared by Ethiopia EPA in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization

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(UNIDO) issued in 2003 used for benchmarking purposes along with the draft National air quality Standards
that are in preparation by the EPA.

Table 3: Limit Values for Emissions to Air

Pollutant Units Guideline values
Ethiopian standard WB standard
3
Particulate Matter PM2.5 µg/Nm None 30a
3
Particulate Matter10 µg/Nm 150 100
Sulfur dioxide (as SO2) µg/Nm3 1000 400
3
Nitrous oxide (as NO2) µg/Nm 2000 600

3.2.8. Relevant International Conventions

International Environmental Conventions & Protocols Ratified by Ethiopia

Ethiopia has ratified the following international conventions on natural resources and environmental
management:

 The Convention on Biological Diversity;

 The Basel Convention on the Control of Trans boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their
Disposal and Basel Ban Amendment;
 The Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Trans boundary
Movement and Management of Hazardous.
 Wastes within Africa;
 The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture;
 The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora;
 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol;
 The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious
Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa;
 The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity;
 The Convention on Migratory Species and the African-Eurasian Water Bird Agreement;
 The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the (03) Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer;
 The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous
Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade; and
 The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

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At the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, world leaders agreed on a comprehensive strategy for"
sustainable development": meeting our needs while ensuring that we leave healthy and viable world for
future generations. In ratifying the Convention, the Parties have committed themselves to under taking
national and international measures aimed at its achieving three objectives: the conservation of biological
diversity; the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of
the utilization of genetic resources. Ethiopia has signed the convention on 10 June 1992 and ratified on 5
April 1994 by ratification (Proclamation No. 98/1986). Since the adoption of the Convention, the country
has taken steps to translate.

3.3. Institutional and Administrative Framework

3.3.1. Environment, Forest and Climate change commission (EFCCC)
In order to sustainably manage the resources of the country, the EFCCC directly accountable to the council
of ministers, was established by proclamation 916/2015. It is the key national level environmental ministry,
with a mandate to address environmental forest and climate change issues.
The EFCCC is involved with the development of environmental policy and legislation, setting standards for
environmental media, monitoring pollution, establishing ESIA for certain types of companies,
environmental information systems (EIS), and undertaking capacity development in relevant agencies to
ensure the integration of environmental management in policy development and decision-making.
It has a broad mandate covering environmental matters at federal level. Some of the powers and duties are;
 Coordinate measures to ensure that environmental objectives provided under the constitution and
the principles set out in environmental policy are realized’
 Establish a system for environmental and social impact assessment of public and private companies,
as well as social and economic development policies, strategies, laws and regulation.
 Establish a system to evaluate environmental and social impact assessmentsubmitted by their
respective proponent, by the concerned licensing organ, or the concerned regional organ prior to
granting permission for implementation in accordance with environmental and social impact
assessmentproclamation.
3.3.2 Regional, Woreda and city administration Environmental Protection Bureau
The Regional Environmental Protection Bureau has the responsibility to ensure all development projects or
programs are executed in a manner set forth in the EIA requirements.

3.3.3. The federal and regional investment agencies

Both the Federal and Regional Investment Agencies have the responsibility to provide the investment
licences provided that the EIA is taken into account.

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3.3.4. Keble Administrations

Administrative structure of the respective Keble is similar all over the country. The Keble administration is
a major decision-making government organ. The Keble administration has the following duties and
responsibilities, among others:
 Implementation of the policies, laws and directives of the state,
 Maintenance of peace and security in the Keble, directing the police and security forces,
 Planning and implementation of projects,
 Supervision of development programs within the Keble

4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.1 Background to the Project

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Long-term goal of the project is become the best choice in Gelan Guda sub city and its surrounding areas
by creating a differentiated experience capitalizing on Real Estate Construction. The proposed project will
have a total area of 1248 m2 land, designed to supply trade centre and delivering pension, which will in turn
plays significant role towards solving shortage of social service in Gelan Guda sub city town.
The planned types of services and facilities are Golf cart field, Mini golf, children play ground, Sport field,
Fish Farm and Aquarium, Sun Deck (View), Swimming Pool, Bed rooms, Dining Hall, Open air Cafeteria,
Open air Restaurant, Fitness, Shopping areas, restaurant, tea room, Meeting room, parking, Entrance area,
Handicaps Access to Gathering halls, Garbage gate, Septic tanks. The establishment of construction
material manufacturing plant is for the internal and external consumption. The project has support from the
government and community being it is in line with the country’s development objectives.
4.1.1 Project Goal
 Increase real estate transactions by a certain percentage
 Increase GCI by a certain percentage
 Increase business from referrals by a certain percentage
 Create floor layouts
 Prepare electrical, flooring, and plumbing layouts
The envisioned project with the overall goal of taking advantage of opportunities existing in establishment
of multipurpose Real Estate complex that comprises Market centres, Recreation area, Game zone, Office
places, medical suites, shopping centre, super market, parking facilities, hotel components, and come out as
the most successful provider of superior quality and affordable activities and services to earn maximum
benefits from local markets and foreign market.
The ultimate goal of the project is to make profit by construction Market center, Recreation area, Game
zone, Office places, medical suites, shopping centres, super market, parking facilities, café, hotel
components to build as well as for other potential customers in Sebeta town and surrounding.
In addition, the project will realize the derived benefits that include creation of employment and contribute
to the government treasury in the form of taxations.

4.1.2 Location
The envisioned project is located in Gelan Guda sub city 20kmfar from Addis Ababa.

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4.1.3 Project Objectives and Justification

4.1.3.1 Project Objectives

The main objective of establishing this investment is to provide, cost effective, customer oriented, one stop
shopping centre and quality services provision of multipurpose construction that product use for building
Market centre, Recreation area, Game zone, Office places, medical suites, shopping centre, super market,
parking facilities, hotel components and etc. for local market and international costumers (in the future).
Project Specific objectives
Specific objectives of the project are:
 To get private benefit from the construction material manufacturing by using different machines
from inside and outside.
 Creating conducive living environment with ecological and social diversity as a development
approach for Ethiopia Country.
 Provide a friendly pedestrian environment with quality, safe public environment for those working
and entertaining in the area and surroundings, and offer a nested security for the residents.
 To construction Market centre, Recreation area, Game zone, Office places, medical suites, shopping
centre, super market, parking facilities, café, hotel components to the market.
 To generate employment opportunity for 27 job seekers in the area.
 To engage in playing its role in promoting local development by generating revenue and paying
taxes for local government
 To engage in playing its role in promoting local development by generating revenue and paying
taxes for local government.
4.1.3.2 Project Justification
Ethiopia has a great economic potential in Africa. The current dynamic economic growth in all sectors
supports the idea to become a great nation. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy. High improvement
in terms of productivity and efficiency of this sector will strongly support the development of other sectors
(in backward and forward linkages).
In line with the above facts, the government of Ethiopia has implemented the five years Growth and
Transformation Plan (2010/11-2012/15) that aimed to achieve wider development spectrum in all sectors
with a special emphasis to agricultural development that will realize the formation of industrialized and
middle income earned. In this plan, crop production and productivity, irrigation and improved water use,
technology multiplication, food security and supply and distribution are among the main strategy for
agriculture and rural development strategies.

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Regarding infrastructure development, construction, education, private sector role in the economy and
environment the plan has good strategies to achieve the goal of industrialization.
To all the above facts the parallel growth in complementary (supportive) sectors of the economy is vital to
sustain it. In relation to this, the owner of the envisioned factory interested to engage in the sector that has
government development focus apart from huge market potentials.
Therefore, the establishment of multipurpose construction that compromises Market centre, Recreation
area, Game zone, Office places, medical suites, shopping center, super market, parking facilities, cafeteria,
hotel components etc. are taken as a promising business by the owner.
In the building sector of the economy, the multi- purpose in the one becoming rapidly expanding in urban
areas of the nation since dynamic economic development of urban economy requires the construction of
these buildings in towns to support the growing of business service sectors like supermarkets, Beauty salon,
shops, offices cinemas, Computer Center, Cafeterias, restaurant, assembly hall, guest house and other
activities. In this regard, mixed used building expands in the all parts of the country.
1.1. Project Rationale
Internationally the economic growth this country is experiencing, the good governance created and even if
the town is in its nascent stage of development these projects are the first in kind in the town are feasible
and would be a model development in promoting and attracting different urban investments. In order to
respond to the created environment, the town is in need of major, basic and feasible urban projects to be
developed.
The existing promising investment opportunities, the demands of service need along with relatively sound
investment support made by the government in such kinds of feasible projects, compelled the project
promoter to initiate the multipurpose oriented business project to be established. Despite the promising
business opportunities of the town, the trend on such kinds of investment found too minimal. Since there is
no such kind of modern tourist facilities and business station in the town to accommodate the existing
demand of these services in the town and the surrounding areas. The mismatch between the demand for and
supply of such kind of services in easily observed in the town.
Therefore, the existing shortage or absence in the supply of these services, along with its commercial and
administrative access, better location and infrastructure access, escalating trend of urbanization and business
activities, thus it is with such reason that this project is identified and proposed and assumed to be more
profitable.
In general, the country’s decentralized state-based economy, privatized and free market economy; good
governance creates a favourable environment for the development of investment for private investors.
1.2. The significance of the project

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The envisaged project deemed to add to the economic development of the nation in general and zone and
town in specific with following ways:
A. Source of Revenue
As public policy of any nation, the government collects different forms of taxes from different business
organizations and individuals. Among the different forms of taxes, business income taxes, payroll income
tax and VAT are collected from undertaking business activities. Therefore, the building will serve as sources
of revenue for the town as well as for the region.
B. Employment opportunity
One of the problems that our country faced is unemployment. Therefore, the current objective of the
government is working on tackling the problem of unemployment and fostering the development process
either through creating self-employment or employment in other organization. Hence, this project will hire
20 individuals and more than eighty individuals during construction.
C. Sources of social service
In addition to serving as a source of employment and income for the region, the project renders social
services for different group of people. Hence, it Is also providing the following services;
 Serve as a source of mental satisfaction for the different users,
 Since, the center encompasses different recreational areas; it will divert the attention of the users
from different evil deeds.
 It deemed to minimize the demand for shops and other bundles of services in the area. Furthermore,
it serves as the pilot experience and ground for other investor to enter in to such kinds of urban
development. It also contributes on the efforts made on as a character given building for physical
development pattern of the townscape.
A.Product Mix
This project is aimed for the establishment of multipurpose Mixed Building complex that comprises Market
center, Recreation area, Game zone, Office places, medical suites, shopping center, super market, parking
facilities, café and hotel components, etc.
The historical nature of the town as business unique location in one of the most attractive parts of the
occurrence of the town along the along the Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes laid a fertile ground for future
promising growth of the town. The owner plans the project to render banking and insurance, shopping
facility, bank and cafeteria services to create high quality class to satisfy the interest of customers in the
town. Based on environmental and other considerations, the entrepreneur has determined the type and size
of the building which is already determined by the site; conceptual planning and preliminary analysis have
been carried out by analysts.

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In order to attract its clients to the service, the project will develop high standard shop & banking rooms and
office of best choices and will also save best quality restaurant and café, national and international dish and
various types of soft drinks.
1.3 description of the project
Service/ Product mix the envisioned mixed purpose building will provide different rental services to the
different customer groups for different purpose. The building will have basement, ground and eight floors.
The purpose of the building explained as follows;
 the ground floor, first floor and second floor designed for different business centers like banks,
supermarket, beauty salon (man and women), Computer center, pharmacy, internet café, boutiques,
different shops and other business activities,
 The third floor designed for bed room services.
 Besides, the buildings will have enough parking facility for its customers and green area in its
compound.
B.Production program
Considering the gradual growth of demand and the time required to develop the required skill the rate of
capacity utilization during the first, second, third and fourth year of production will be 50%, 75%, 90% and
100% respectively. Full capacity utilization will be reached during the fourth year of operation.
In order to provide mixed use business center building services of a high standard, it has been planned to
construct and develop the infrastructure and facilities that would viable to meet the requirements of an
international standard business center. Accordingly, various buildings and facilities will be constructed
phase by phase starting with the most needed ones that are essential to commence the operation of its
business activities. With the completion of construction, the building will provide a combined service such
as shops, bedroom, restaurant and café service as well as modern business centre that primarily serve its
guests and major clients.
Since the project will be engaged in mixed building the main sources of its annual revenue would be from
the rental of building spaces such as shops, offices, and banking, café & restaurant bedrooms. Therefore,
the sources of revenue have been classified in to one category namely the rental of banking & supermarket,
offices, shops, bedrooms restaurant and café based on these classifications. Based on the market price of
similar Real Estate Cons. in the area, the envisioned buildings set the following fair price (Before VAT) for
its service, hence when the building construction fully get operational it is assumed to generate a yearly
income of ETB 50,000,000.
4.2. Raw Materials, Production Process, Equipment’s, Machineries, Land and Civil Work
4.2.1 Raw Materials

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Construction materials and the environmental impacts of built facilities

The primary application of LCA in the built environment professions is to inform design decisions, in
particular, provide quantitative data to guide the selection of construction material, construction component
and building system combinations which will reduce the life cycle environmental impacts of a built facility.
While the decisions made throughout the building life cycle will influence the impact it can have on the
environment, materials choices made in the pre-use phase commit the major environment impacts which
occur in the use phase.
Environmental concerns, for instance potential contributions to Climate Change must therefore be addressed
side by side with more traditional concerns such as thermal comfort, health, safety, cost and maintenance
from the planning and design stages. Studies have shown that the opportunities to reduce the environmental
impacts of a built facility decrease substantially after the pre-use phase (Lloyd et al, 2005). A barrier to
incorporation of environmental concerns is however the time required for exploring various options to
capitalize on the environmental benefits; and the initial cost of the building is typically higher (Janssen,
1999).
Use phase environmental impacts

The use phase may account for 70-90% (Keoleian et al, 2001; Adalberth et al, 2001) of the total life cycle
environmental impacts of a built facility. The environmental impacts of the use phase are primarily due to
energy consumption for purposes of heating, cooling, lighting and operating domestic or commercial
appliances; and materials use for purposes of facilities maintenance/upkeep. In the area of building and
construction LCAs there is consensus that use phase impacts are dominated by energy consumption, Climate
Change and Acidifying emissions.
There is a strong correlation between materials used for the building envelope and intensity of impacts. A
study compared three homes of equal floor area designed primarily in wood, steel and concrete over the first
20 years of their lifespan. Relative to the wood design, the steel and concrete designs (Wood Promotion
Council, 2006):
Release 24% and 47% more air pollutants
Emit 34% and 81% more greenhouse gases
Consume 26% and 57% more energy.
The contribution of a material to use phase impacts is directly related to the quantities used during
construction and maintenance. Due to the very large quantities used the three categories of construction
materials which contributed the most to environmental impacts measured during the use phase of 25
commercial buildings located in Hong Kong were concrete, steel reinforcement and the combination of

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plaster, render and screed (Chau et al, 2006). The contributions of these top three to total environmental
impacts varied between 46-65%.
4.2.2. Production Process

To place construction on a truly sustainable path the green building movement needs a method which goes
beyond subjective checklists of green features. Such a method must provide objective guidelines for a
comprehensive assessment of the environmental impacts of a product (or service). The Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) concept previously known as Life Cycle Analysis has emerged as one of the most
appropriate tools for assessing product related environmental impacts and for supporting an effective
integration of environmental aspects in industry, business and the economy. LCA is distinguished from Life
Cycle Costing (LCC) in that whereas the former involves environmental accounting the latter is concerned
with economic value. LCA describes the entire industrial system involved in the making of a product (or
delivery of a service). This approach provides a systematic opportunity to anticipate problems and their
solutions all along the life cycle from “cradle-to grave”, namely, from the acquisition of raw materials,
manufacture of the product, distribution, use and maintenance to disposal of the used product (Figure 1).
Identified problems are also traced through all environmental media, namely, air, water and soil.
The systems perspective of LCA avoids problem shifting from one life cycle stage to another, from one type
of problem to another and from one location to another (UNEP, 1996). The LCA procedure investigates a
wide range of environmental impacts associated with industrial products, for instance, Climate Change,
Acidification, Ozone depletion and Human toxicity. Although the main driver for LCA is sustainable
development, the methodology does not yet incorporate criteria for measuring the social and economic
dimensions. All aspects of the environment, namely, human health, ecological health and natural resources
are however considered in a comprehensive manner. Potential environmental trade-offs can thus be
identified and assessed. The LCA procedure is standardized under the ISO 14040 subseries
4.2.3. Land, Building and Civil works
As indicated in part 1 the total land requirement for the project is estimated to be 1248M2.The land are
planned to accommodate production houses, warehouse office building, loading and unloading, waste
accumulation, % 2 green area and parking. The land use plan for the project is indicated in the table below:
Construction work and Technology Construction schedule
The construction project is proposed to be started on august 2020, and is expected to be finished on January
2022. as seen in the abbreviated construction schedule above, a majority of the schedule’s time is made up
of five major activities; Concrete, building Enclosure, masonry, mechanical &HVAC and Electrical install.

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Concrete activities include processes such as placing foundations and slab on deck. The Building Enclosure
Phase includes erecting the scaffolding that will allow for exterior sheathing installation and bricklaying.
Mechanical and Electrical install coincide with each other due to the need for coordination between the two
divisions. There are several periods of construction during the schedule in which there are multiple
construction activities occurring at the same time. The construction site must be organized accordingly as
these processes take place. As with any construction project, the goal of the schedule was to complete all
construction activities before the required Date of completion.
This date of completion is practical based on the time of year in which the building will be completed. The
team allowed a two-week contingency for any setbacks. Typically, winter construction tends to cause
unforeseen delays that negatively impact a construction project. These conditions can and will almost
undoubtedly impact the project schedule by causing unforeseen delays and project inefficiency.
Architectural Design & Layout
Although functional spaces for the project were laid out in significant detail, the rest of the building had
designated spaces but n set layouts. It was at the discretion of the project promoter to devise typical layouts
for the non-detailed commercial and office spaces. To make sure that the building’s layouts were practical,
the project owner researched typical architectural layouts for laboratory and executive office spaces.
The walls and partitions throughout the floor were congruent with the structural frame and column locations.
Structural design
One of principle deliverables of our project is the structural design of the building. The structural bays were
coordinated with the layout of the building adjustments were made to the bays if specific layouts are
necessary. The frame was made up of a grid with repeating standard structural bays. Included in the
structural system are bay sizes, shape and size of structural members, floor compositions and curtain walls.
These elements were established to resist gravity ad lateral loads as appropriate.
The gravity load design was completed for two frames; one of structural steel and one of reinforced concrete.
The structural steel frame was chosen for further design based on cost per square foot, local availability of
material and constructability considerations, such as erection and fabrication. The steel system was then
designed for lateral loading with necessary adjustment being made to framing.
Reinforced concrete
The project group prepared hand structural design calculations for a typical bay of a reinforced concrete
frame. In all reinforced concrete bay designs, a superimposed dead load of 7.5 pounds per square foot was
assumed for mechanical equipment, floor coverings and ceilings.

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Similarly, the design of the typical bay accounted for the use of different commercial space, in which a live
load of 125 pounds per square was assumed. Loads were calculated based on the requirements of the
minimum Design loads for Buildings and other Structures.
Foundation Design
The design of a superstructure may be accurate, have considered all possibilities and still fail because the
substructure is incapable of distributing the applied loads to the supporting soil.
Foundation design takes more into consideration than merely the loading from the columns. While the main
part of the project focused on the structural frame and its alternate designs, a preliminary foundation plan
was designed based upon maximum load carried from the superstructure through the columns. The
foundation design conducted by the project team consisted of the selection of foundation type, determination
of the bearing capacity and the design for typical interior and exterior spread footings.
Premises Required and Use Plan
Land Use Plan
The total land required for the envisioned project is estimated to be 766 m2. the total area for the construction
of the building will be 3500m2, estimated as revealed below. Table3: land utilization Plan
4.2.4. Equipment’s and Machineries
Construction Phase: Loader, Grader, Generator, Dam Track etc. is required while during Serves Provision
Phase Computer, adding machine, Stove, Ferriage, cares for services, like mini bus, pick up, motorcycle
etc. is required.
4.2.5.Utilities
A number of utilities would be put in place in order to ensure smooth functioning of the project. These
utilities include:
A. Water Supply,
B. Telephone line
C. Supplementary Electricity supply,
D. Paved Road Transportation,
E. Drainage
F. Fuel
G. Oil and Lubricants

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5. BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT

5.1. Physical Environment
5.1.1 Geology and Soil
Geology
The geological setting of the study area is generally classified in to two major groups; namely, Tertiary
Volcanic and Quaternary units. The classification is based on age of eruptions, special distribution, and
mode of occurrence. Tertiary Plateau Basalts are part of the Trap-Series volcanic products consisting huge
accumulation of basaltic rocks with minor silica intercalations, whereas the Quaternary Rift Volcanic and
sediments comprise variety of rock units (both acidic and basic) associated to the formation of the Main Rift
System during the Quaternary Period.
Soil
The soils of the project area, as reported in OUPI (2008), are basically derived from Mesozoic sedimentary
and Cenozoic volcanic rocks; the major soil types are Chromic and PellicVertisols (76.1%) and Chromic
and Orthic Luvisols (23.9%).
5.1.2 Topography and climatic condition
Gelan Guda sub city has favorable and highly moderated climatic condition. It has an altitudinal range of
2060 to 2667 meters above mean sea level. The Northern part of the town is characterized by 26 mountain
ranges land form having an altitude lying between 2060 to 2667 meters above mean sea level. However, the
southern part of the town lies between 2060 to 2120 meters above mean sea level, showing that it is the
lowest elevated part. As a result of this, vast area of Furi Sub City is considered as flat and intermediate

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plateau that are highly recommended for expansion. Climatically, the town is classified within temperate
(locally named Baddadaree/ Weynadega) zone that has the same general climatologically characteristics as
that of Addis Ababa. The majority of rainfall in the area is obtained during the Ethiopian Summer time i.e.
June, July, August and September which covers 76.4% of the total annual rain fall. The minimum rain fall
records are in the months of December, January, and February with other short rain during March and April.
The average annual rain fall varies between 783.6 to 1422.7 mm. The temperatures of Furi area lays in the
temperate (Baddadaree/ Weynadega) climatic zone with a temperature range of 12.67c to 24.40c.
5.2 Biological Environment
The town is posited within the range of the Afromontane Forest and the tepid-humid mid highland agro-
ecological zone. Elements of the natural vegetation are merely noticeable from the limited remnant trees of
Ficus spp. and Oleaeuropaea ssp. cuspidata left for shade, on fences and in some secluded places. Eucalyptus
trees/plantations are observed on hilly areas, in open spaces and in homestead compounds. Sparsely
scattered naturally growing vegetation consisting of shrubs, bushes, woody riverine species are found along
with planted trees and protected government and community forests in the Gelan Guda sub city town. No
significant large animals are observed in the area for many years. As it depends on trees, the recent wood
manufacturing development has effect on the plants and animals directly or indirectly.
5.3 Socio economic characteristics of the town
Gelan Guda sub city is a home for almost all Nations and Nationalities in the country, and the Oromo ethnic
groups are the majority as a whole. Most of the residents of the town engaged in different trade activities
and others were employed in different governmental organizations and factories. Agriculture is also another
economic activity in the per-urban area of the town.
5.3.1 Urban Infrastructure
As part of the government’s ambitious plan to achieve ‘middle-income country’ status by 2025, Gelan Guda
sub cityhas been benefited from huge investments over the past decade. Massive urban renewal and
redevelopment projects are underway across the town to improve its competitiveness as a business location,
to tackle the huge backlog in affordable housing and basic service delivery through accelerated investment
in infrastructure and public housing programs. As a result of these state interventions, Gelan Guda sub city
Townhas experienced tremendous economic dynamism, attracting both domestic and foreign investments
that generate job creation and other economic opportunities. Despite the actual and symbolic significance
of the ongoing urbanization that is significantly changing both the spatial and economic landscapes of Gelan
Guda sub city, reliable empirical data is lacking. Consequently, it is not always possible to understand and

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quantify the drivers of recent growth and transformation of the town and their socio-economic,
environmental and social impacts.
5.3.2 Unemployment and Social Vulnerability
There are high levels of poverty, unemployment, and social vulnerability in Gelan Guda sub city. Some of
the population of the town is living below the poverty line and some of households in Gelan Guda sub city
to wharves an unemployed adult (higher than the national urban average of 15%). Moreover, current
programs that provide support to poor and vulnerable households are not effectively targeted, have low
coverage, are fragmented, and largely focus on categories of vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and
disabled (many of which are disabled due to occupational hazard). In addition to the daily stress that this
presents for individuals, the cumulative impact among segments of society could reverse gains made on the
inclusive growth agenda and result in social unrest.
5.3.3 Health Condition of the town
The intimate linkage between health and education has been firmly established in a number of studies, which
taken collectively, offer some ideas about how education and health could potentially reinforce each other
towards the rapid socio-economic development of the country. Epidemiological and health service research
in Ethiopia has shown that illiteracy is usually associated with high health risks and low health seeking
behavior. Ethiopia is addressing major challenges in the health sector, including lack of human resources
for health (HRH) and low utilization of health services, through its innovative Health Extension
Programmed (HEP), accelerated midwifery training, Integrated Emergency Surgery and Obstetrics (IESO)
task shifting, and scaling up family planning (FP). The HEP trains health extension workers (HEWs) to
deliver a basic package of preventive and a few curative health services, including maternal and child health
services, in urban, rural and pastoral areas. The HEP has trained and deployed over 50 health workers and
approximately 60 health posts and 1 health centers have been constructed to increase access to essential
services in Ethiopia.
Despite major strides to improve the health of the population in the last one and half decades, Ethiopia’s
population still face a high rate of morbidity and mortality and the health status remains relatively poor.
The major health problems of the country are largely preventable communicable diseases and nutritional
disorders. More than 90% of child deaths are due to pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, neonatal problems,
malnutrition and HIV/AIDS, and often as a combination of these conditions. The major supply side
constraints affecting maternal health are shortages of skilled midwives, weak referral system at health center
levels. On the demand side, cultural and societal norms, distances to functioning health centers and financial
barriers were the major constraints.

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However, as Gelan Guda sub city is very close to the capital city of the country, the health coverage/ health
facility as well as health professionals are far better than other towns of the country. There are great number
of private health centers including higher hospitals, higher clinics in the town.

5.3.4 Education Condition of the town

Education is a tool to eradicate poverty and bring technological advancement for the nation. When we come
to the educational situation of the town, Gelan Guda sub city is better in education coverage as well as the
quality as it is found in the center of the country comparing with other areas of the countries. There are
investments on education by private companies’ and individuals. At the same time children can get access
to school at the shortest distance that makes the educational status of the town to be in a better condition.

5.3.5 Transportation and Environment

As Gelan Guda sub city Townlacks adequate transportation and since the town’s has yet to offer affordable
mass transportation, the use of private cars in general and gasoline-based public transportation in particular
affects the town’s ecosystems. According to Benjamin son et al., (2012) the average age of 17 years of
vehicles on the town’s streets explains the high number of inefficiently functioning motor vehicle engines
that are major contributors to Gelan Guda sub city air pollution. What makes the air pollution situation even
worse is Gelan Guda sub city topography: a valley surrounded by mountain peaks that trap the air and
aggravates the problem.
The pollution problem in Gelan Guda sub city is exacerbated by a lack of adequate and environment friendly
mass mobility services. Although the Addis Ababa city has introduced its first electrified light rail transit
system, it is not extended to Gelan Guda sub city and it is not known whether further extension of this
system to Gelan Guda sub city is financially feasible. The gap left by the inadequate public transport system
is met by private minibus operators. These minibus taxis are often overcrowded and unsafe, and contribute
to the growing traffic congestion in the town. However, the Gelan Guda sub city administration is
undertaking measures to mitigate the emission of CO2 under the umbrella of its CRGE strategy. The
initiative is primarily aimed at tackling transport-related emissions.

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6. IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS

6.1 Basis of Identification of Impacts
In order to accurately identify the environmental impacts, the following environmental issues were
considered pertinent and important as per the Terms of Reference.
6.1.1 Physical Environment (Biophysical Impacts)

 Soil conditions, soil contamination and landscape alterations/degradation (based on aesthetic

aspects) associated with the proposed project
 Water quality aspects for both surface water sources like piped water, storm water, and other
related aspects
 Drainage patterns especially in relation to wastewater effluents
 Air quality aspects especially atmospheric emissions and related discharges from machinery like
diesel run equipment etc.
 Noise and vibrations where applicable
6.1.2 Natural Environment

 Flora and fauna from the adjacent ecosystem (i.e. effects to natural plants and animals where
applicable).
 River pollution indicators, impacts on water flow patterns and quality aspects, user interference and
contamination.
 Topography: effects on soil and landscape.

6.1.3 Social welfare, Economic and Cultural Environment

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 Determination of implications to the human society the local society applicable.

 Notable changes in land use systems and the general land utilization types
 Aesthetic, landscape alterations and changes to infrastructural facilities, among others.
 Effects associated with the construction and operation activities and related handling and disposal
of wastes generated during the operations.
 Effects associated with income generation opportunities created by the project due to the upcoming
operations.

6.2 Description of the Existing and Anticipated Impacts

6.2.1 Existing impacts

During field study, it has been observed that there have no existing impacts on the project area which it is
aroused from anthropogenic or natural phenomenon. Regarding, the Baseline Environmental condition
pertaining to the project, it has both bio-physical and socio-cultural aspects. The socio-economic baseline
survey revealed that, there is no human settlement and significant natural resources to be affected as a result
of the project.

6.2.2 Anticipated impacts

The anticipated impacts of the proposed project on the environmental elements are both positive and
negative. The magnitude of each impact is described in terms of being significant, minor or permanent,
short-term or long term, specific (localized) or widespread, reversible or irreversible. The table below shows
the assessment criteria for the significant impacts.
Table4: Assessment Criteria for Significant Impacts
Key Type of impact Key Type of impact
++ Major positive impact. + Minor negative impact
-- Major negative impact - Minor negative impact
0 Negligible/Zero impact NC No change
Sp Specific/Localized impact W Widespread impacts
R Reversible impacts IR Irreversible impacts
Sh Short term impacts L Long term impacts
T Temporary impacts P Permanent impacts

On the basis of information gathered during the desktop and field study, the potential environmental impacts
of the proposed project are tabulated below:

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Table5: Potential Environmental and Socio Impacts

Impacts on Constru Occup Remarks
Or due to ction ation
Noise - 0  During construction, hooting of construction vehicles
Pollution and communication by workers may generate relative noise
and vibration that may have some negative effect to the
neighborhood. This will however be very minimal as light tools
and equipment will be used for construction activities.
There shall be no noise pollution during operation stage as
residential related activities do not cause significant noise.
Oil waste - -  Petroleum oils and grease used in vehicles and
pollution construction machinery may spill or leak on/into the ground
hence into the soil or water system within the neighborhood.
 During occupation, oil waste mainly from the kitchens
may find their way into the sewerage network. Sound and up
to date pollution control measures will be put in place to
mitigate this impact.
Air/Dust - 0  During construction, dust and exhaust emission from
Pollution the construction activities, may pollute the ambient air. This
will be minimal as the site will be dampened to reduce dust
generation.
 Operation phase of the project is not associated with
dust/air pollution.
Soil erosion - 0  Earthworks during project construction usually
influence soil erosion. By Incorporating appropriate soil
conservation measures and proper drainage facilities both
during construction and operation phase of the project, soil
erosion Problem will completely be minimized.
Pressure on - 0  During construction, the proponent will source
Water reasonable amounts of water for the construction activities
Resources from water vendors in the neighborhood.
 Waste water from Construction activities will be
recycled and used to wet the site.
 A borehole will be drilled to serve the residents after
the proponent has acquired a water abstraction permit from the
authority during the operational phase.
Vegetation - 0  There will be minimal clearance of vegetation during
and flora excavation and demolition activities. The Proponent will
landscape with vegetation within the compound once
construction activities are completed.
Water - 0  The removal of vegetation will increase the runoff and
Quality therefore sedimentation will increase in these areas as well.
Public Health - 0  During the construction process, health threats will
only be limited to the workers on site.
HIV/AIDS - 0  Immigration is expected during the construction phase
as the youth will be looking for casual jobs. This may lead to

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increased incidences of sexually transmitted diseases which

may exacerbate HIV/AIDS.
6.3 Positive Impacts

There are a number of positive benefits associated with the proposed development. The following are some
of the positive benefits anticipated:

Table6; Positive Impacts of the Proposed Development and Justification

No Positive Impacts Justification

1. Generation of direct and indirect employment and Besides the direct employment by the proposed
income
Development, other forms of employment are likely to result
from the spillover effects, through indirect services during
the construction and operation phases.

The employment opportunities will generate income and

improve the living standards of the local population and its
environs.

2. Contribution to Government Revenue Through payment of relevant taxes, rates and fees to the
national and county governments, the project will contribute
towards the national and local revenue earnings.

3. Improved Security. Security will be ensured around the proposed development

through distribution of suitable security lights and presence
of 24 hour security guards. This will lead to improvement in
the general security in the surrounding area.

4. Creation of market for local goods and services. The proposed project will create demand for local services
and this will greatly benefit various business sectors within
the project area.

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7. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

7.1. Beneficial Impacts of the Project

Several potential positive impacts will arise during construction, operational and demolishing phases of the
project which are primarily socioeconomic in nature and it is summarized as follows:

7.1.1. Employment opportunities

Impact origin and characteristics: the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the
proposed project are supposed to provide direct and indirect employment to a number of workers. Although,
the exact number cannot be predetermined at this stage, according to the project proposal the project
supposed to create job opportunities for about 120 employees permanently.

Benefit Enhancement Measures. Hiring the local professionals and service providers at all levels where
possible enhances the national benefit. There is also a need to recruit local available labor for positions that
do not demand special skills. This enhances the benefits of local communities. This measure not only
maximizes the distribution of the benefit but also promotes the projects social acceptability. In addition to
the above proposed measures that can enhance the direct employment benefits, procuring supplier and
services from local sources to the maximum extent possible benefits at each stage of the project and
enhances the indirect employment opportunity.

7.1.1.1. Employment opportunities for women and youth

Employment opportunities for women and youth

Impact origin and characteristics: It is evident that, women are efficient in carrying out and handling the
assignment given to them properly and seriously. As a result of such commitment, they are usually preferred
by many companies. This gender specific behavior creates equal, even better employment opportunity for
local woman and youths.

Benefit enhancement measures: The company plan supposed to create job opportunities for about create
job opportunities for about 80 female employees permanently of the project. Consideration to be given for
keeping the above beneficial opportunities the project creates to women and actions to avoid work area
problems women can face. The actions include: Strict rule on work area sexual harassments, Job security,
appropriate payment (equal payment standard with men engaged in equivalent work load).

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7.1.2. Contribution to the national economic growth

Impact origin and characteristics: the use of locally available materials during the construction phase of
the project including cement, concrete and ceramic tiles, timber, sand, ballast electrical cables etc…, will
contribute towards growth of the economy by contributing to the gross domestic product. The consumption
of these materials including fuel oil and others will attract taxes including VAT which will be payable to
the government, which increases government revenue while the cost of these raw materials will be payable
directly to the producers.

Benefit Enhancement Measures: There is a need to comply with public and private requirements of
operating at low costs, so that benefits from the investment will be maximized. This requires the effort of
external institution and governmental bodies to facilitate the investment process and credit facilities, to get
the required benefits.

7.1.3. Socio- Economic Benefits

7.1.3.1. Increased access of the community to quality housing

Impact origin and characteristics: Provision of training for the employees and work on capacity building
of the staff.

7.1.3.2. Local Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement

Impact origin and characteristics: the employment opportunity to be created by the project will have
social benefit beside the expected economic benefit. The employment income from the project will have a
substantial role for social livelihood improvement in the project area. This local income generation related
social benefit will have long term as well as cumulative benefits such as:

Poverty reduction: as a result of creation of jobs for the local communities, the project will have a
meaningful impact on poverty reduction as the project area is inhabited by largely unemployed and marginal
communities. The employment priorities should focus on the households subsisting below the poverty line.

Education opportunity: the increased income from the employment in the project will substantially
improves the living standard of the community in the project impact area. As a result, families can afford to
send their children to Real Estate Construction s and supply them with Real Estate Construction materials
adequately, where youth girls are the frontline beneficiaries.

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Benefit Enhancement Measures: Utilization of the available labor force in the project area enhances the
benefits at local level. Outsourcing commercial activities, like cafeteria services from local competitive
service providers will maximizes the social benefit of the project.

7.1.4. Improved Aesthetics and Optimal Use of Land

Change in land use from idle land to land on which a modern building blocks stand will optimize land use.
There is no doubt once the project is completed will change the outlook of the area. It will have an indirect
boost of construction activities around it.

7.2. Potential Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures

The proposed project comprises different components to be executed at different phases of the project life
time, construction, operation and decommissioning phases that can generate adverse impacts.

7.2.1. Pre-construction phase adverse impacts and mitigation measures

Impact origin and characteristics

Prior to the construction and installation of facilities of the project, environmental management needs to
consider the following five principles:

 Ensuring that all government and concerned agency requirements and procedures related to ESIA
are completed,
 Implementation of land acquisition procedures required by the relevant government bodies.
 Selection of technologies that minimizes adverse impacts and enhances beneficial impacts,
 Preparation of detail designs of the project layout, which incorporate specific features aimed at
minimizing adverse impacts and enhancing beneficial impacts.
 Preparation of contract document which contains appropriate clause to allow control of impacts
arising from the implementation processes.
Proposed Mitigation Measures
 The project promote should be responsible to handle the above issues before the commencement of
the construction,
 The company should hire appropriate persons, environmentalist and site engineer that facilitate
planned project implementation and environmental management during construction and operation
 The concerned authorities at all level should be responsible to ensure that environmental
requirements are fully met and included in the ESIA statement report.

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7.2.2. Construction Phase Adverse Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures

The construction phase of the project involves the clearing, land leveling, transportation of construction
materials and storage can have adverse impacts on: terrestrial flora and fauna, air quality, nuisance noise,
workforce and water quality.
7.2.2.1. Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat
Impact origin and characteristics
The construction of proposed building will essentially entail the removal and loss of some existing
vegetation at the project site, when cleared to erect permanent block and steel concrete structures associated
with the project’s new infrastructure. This would constitute a loss of alternative land use, an irreversible
commitment of land resources, and thus a direct long-term impact.
The site is not extensively or heavily vegetated prior to construction and did not support any significant
ecological habitats or fauna. Therefore, the impacts from erecting the new buildings have marginal impacts
in terms of habitat loss.
Proposed mitigation measures
Landscaping of the site, after building completion, will see the introduction of plants and trees that should
offset any negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing vegetation at the project site.
The numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced around the premises during the landscaping exercise
are expected to be greater and more diverse than presently obtains and these are expected to play a greater
role in adding ecological value and attracting birds and other terrestrial fauna of the project, apart from being
more pleasing aesthetically.
7.2.2.2. Erosion of cleared areas
Impact origin and characteristics
Vegetation clearance and excavation works related to construction of the proposed project will expose soils
to erosion by surface run-off and create the threat of water turbidity and sediment deposition in drains. The
flat topography of the site and the pervious nature of the soils would help to reduce erosive. Surface flows
and the potential situation should exist only for the duration of the construction works before landscaping
and drainage. Apparently, there are no significant surface features such as gullies, streams or rivers in close
proximity to the site, which could be affected by soil erosion.
Proposed Mitigation measures
 Where possible, phase the site clearance exercise so as to reduce the amount of exposed soil at any
given time.
 Deliberately re-cover exposed soils with grass and other appropriate species as soon as possible.

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 Temporarily bund exposed soil and redirect flows from heavy runoff areas that threaten to erode or
result in substantial surface runoff to adjacent area.
 Monitor areas of exposed soil during periods of heavy rainfall throughout the construction phase of
the project.

7.2.2.3. Extraction and Use of Building Materials

Impact origin and characteristics

Building materials such as hard core, ballast, cement, rough stone and sand required for the construction of
the proposed project will be obtained from quarries, sand harvesters etc. Since substantial quantities of these
materials will be required for construction of the proposed project, the availability and sustainability of such
resources at the extraction sites will be negatively affected-as they are not renewable in the short term. In
addition, the sites from which the materials will be extracted may be significantly affected in several ways
including landscape changes, displacement of animals and vegetation, poor visual quality and opening of
depressions on the surface leading to several human and animal health impacts.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Efficient sourcing and use of raw materials: To reduce the negative impacts on availability and
sustainability of the materials, the Proponent should only order for what will be required through accurate
budgeting and estimation of actual construction requirements. This will ensure that materials are not
extracted or purchased in excessive quantities. Moreover, the Proponent has to ensure that wastage, damage
or loss (through run-off, wind, etc) of materials at the construction site is kept minimal through proper
material management , as these would lead to additional demand for and extraction or purchase of materials.
In addition to the above measures, the Proponent shall consider reuse of building materials and use of
recycled building materials where applicable. This will lead to reduction in the amount of raw materials
extracted from natural resources as well as reducing impacts at the extraction sites.

7.2.2.4. Noise Pollution and Vibration

Impact origin and characteristics

Significant increases in noise and vibration levels may be expected during construction of the proposed
project. Such noise and vibrations may be generated from excavators, movement; loaders; concrete mixer
trucks; concrete pumps; concrete vibrators; dump trucks; hammering; vibrators; compactors, diesel
generators (DGs); water pumps and even construction workers. The impact of noise and vibrations on the
surrounding community depends upon:

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 Characteristics of the noise and vibrations source (instantaneous, intermittent, or continuous in

nature);
 Time of day at which noise and vibrations occur; and
 Location of noise and vibrations source with respect to sensitive receptor.

Though the level of discomfort caused by noise and vibrations is subjective, the most commonly reported
impacts of increased noise levels are interference in oral communication, hearing loss, anxiety and
disturbance of sleep. Vibration impacts may include the cracking of nearby existing structures such as
foundations, walls and swimming pools.

Noise and vibrations may also have an impact on the workers in the proposed project. Nonetheless, all the
noise and vibrations generating activities shall be undertaken during day hours and appropriate measures
shall be instituted to counter the said pollution.

Proposed Mitigation measures

Minimization of noise and vibration: the contractor of the proposed project shall put in place several
measures that will mitigate noise and vibration pollution arising during the construction phase. The
proponent shall ensure that complies with all relevant requirements of the countries as well as international
standards.

 Prescribe noise reduction measures if appropriate e.g. restricted working hours and transport hours
and noise buffering;
 Install portable barriers to shield compressors and other small stationary equipment where necessary
and locate stationary noise sources as far from existing sensitive receptors as possible;
 Use quiet equipment (i.e. equipment designed with noise control elements such as mufflers);
 Co-ordinate with relevant agencies regarding all construction activities in the project site;
 Limit trucks and other small equipment to minimize idling time and observe a common-sense
approach to vehicle use such as shutting up idle engines whenever possible; and
 Ensure use of well serviced and maintained vehicles and equipment.

7.2.2.5. Impact on Air Quality

Impact origin and characteristics

Potential impacts on the air quality during the construction stage will be due to the fugitive dust and the
exhaust gases generated in and around the construction site. Fugitive dust (depending on the timing of
construction) and vehicular emissions are the major components of air pollution. The following construction
related activities are generally associated with these emissions:

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 Site clearance, excavation and use of heavy vehicles and Machinery/equipment at construction site;
 Transportation of construction materials such as sand, cement, steel, masonry stone to the
construction site; and
 Operation of construction machinery and equipment

During the period of maximum construction activity, the fuel consumption is expected to rise significantly
and the background concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM), reparable particulate matter
(RPM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and both carbon monoxide (CO) and lead (Pb) . These
emissions if not appropriately mitigated can have significant respiratory and cardio-pulmonary effects on
the local population, the health effects may range from subtle biochemical and physiological changes to
difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing and aggravation of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions.
The impacts of such emissions can be greater in areas where the materials are sourced and at the construction
site as a result of frequent gunning of vehicle engines, activities associated with site clearance, excavations,
spreading of the topsoil during construction, frequent and fast vehicle movement in the loading and
offloading areas. Because large quantities of building materials are required, some of which are sourced
outside far from the project site, such emissions can be enormous and may affect a wider geographical area.

Proposed Mitigation measures

Minimization of dust generation and emission: Controlling dust during construction is useful in
minimizing nuisance conditions and consequently health (respiratory and eye) complications. It is
recommended that a standard set of feasible dust control measures be implemented for all construction
activities. Emissions of other contaminants (Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, Sulfur oxides, and diesel
related Particulate Matter PM10) that would occur in the exhaust from heavy equipment are also included.
The Proponent shall be committed to implement measures that shall reduce air quality impacts associated
with construction. Dust emissions will be controlled by the following measures: -
 Provision of 2.4-meter-high hoarding along site boundary
 Provide effective dust screen, sheeting or netting where a scaffolding is erected around the perimeter
of a building under construction from the ground floor level of the building, or if a canopy is provided
at the first-floor level, from the first-floor level, up to the highest level of the scaffolding;
 Any skip hoist for material transport shall be totally enclosed by impervious sheeting;
 Watering all active construction areas when necessary;
 Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials or require all trucks to maintain at least
two feet of freeboard;

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 Pave, apply water when necessary, or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers on all unpaved access roads,
parking areas and staging areas at construction site;
 All personnel working on the proposed project will be trained prior to starting construction on
methods for minimizing air quality impacts during construction.
7.2.2.6. Disposal of solid waste
Impact origin and characteristics
Solid waste generated during site preparation and construction work would include vegetation clearance
and typical construction waste (e.g. wasted concrete, steel, wooden scaffolding and forms, bags, waste earth
materials, etc.). This waste would negatively impact the site and surrounding environment if not properly
managed and ultimately disposed of at an approved dumpsite. Cleared vegetation, if burnt onsite, would
generate smoke, negatively impacting ambient air quality (with reciprocal negative impacts upon human
health). Vegetation and solid waste, if allowed to accumulate in sensitive areas, may cause localized pending
and flooding. Furthermore, the pending of water would create conditions conducive to the breeding of
nuisance and health-threatening pests such as mosquitoes.
Proposed Mitigation measures

 A site waste management plan should be prepared prior to project commencement. This should
include designation of appropriate waste storage areas, collection and removal schedule,
identification of approved disposal site, and system for supervision and monitoring.
 Preparation and implementation of the plan must be made, and it is the responsibility of the building
manager with the system being monitored independently.
 Special attention should be given to minimize and reduce the quantities of solid waste produced
during site preparation and construction.
 To reduce organic waste, softer vegetation may be composted onsite and used for soil amendment
during landscaping.
 Vegetation and combustible waste must not be burned on the site.
 Reusable inorganic waste (e.g. excavated sand) should be stockpiled away from drainage features
and used for in-filling where necessary.
 Unusable construction wastes such as damaged pipes, formwork and other construction material
must be disposed of at an approved dumpsite
7.2.2.7. Soil Erosion and Water Logging
Impact origin and characteristics

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Soil erosion is likely to occur during construction at the site once exposed by excavation works especially
during rainy and windy seasons. Considering the land clearing, excavation and other construction processes,
soil will be exposed to erosion agents leading to soil/land degradation, hence impacting negatively on the
environment. Water logging of the proposed site may also occur in the event of heavy rainfall after
excavation.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Controlling soil erosion, water logging: The Proponent has to put some measures in place aimed at
minimizing soil erosion and associated water logging from the proposed project site during construction.
These measures will include: -

 Terracing, leveling and ripping off compacted areas of the project site to reduce run-off velocity and
increase infiltration of storm water into the soil
 Proper planning of site excavation works in such a way that, a section is completed and rehabilitated
before another section begins
 Ensuring that construction vehicles are restricted to existing graded roads to avoid soil compaction
within the project site
 Surface runoff and roof water shall be harvested and stored in underground reservoir for reuse
7.2.2.8. Impact on Landscape Integration and Protection of Natural Resources
Impact origin and characteristics
The growth of building and its aesthetic requirements have direct impacts on soil, landscape and on the
surrounding ecosystems. Intensive construction practices are harmful to the environment, especially when
the building materials used are not in harmony with traditional architecture. Such construction not only robs
the landscape of its natural characteristics but also detracts from its identity.
Proposed Mitigation measures
 Lay out green areasand gardens to make the site more pleasant (preferably using indigenous plants).
To rationalize the aforementioned recommendations, the project needs to be allotted 2% of the total
area of land to plant various indigenous and exotic plants.
 Promote landscape integration and environmental protection
 Give attention to environmental recommendations in laying out the building
 Aim for visual continuity with the architectural style of the surroundings
 Whenever possible, use sustainable materials produced locally
 Place the parking lot in an inconspicuous area of the building
7.2.2.9IncreasedWater Demand
Impact origin and characteristics

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During the construction phase, water will mostly be used in the creation of concrete and for wetting surfaces
or cleaning completed structures. It will also be used by the construction workers for washing and drinking.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Minimization of water use: A combination of water saving appliances and water management measures
needs to be planned in the proposed project. Rain water harvesting can serve as a solution to the water
problem by capturing the run off. Rainwater harvesting will help in utilizing the primary source of water
and prevent the runoff from going into sewer or storm drains.
7.2.2.10. Energy consumption
Impact origin and characteristics
The proposed project will consume fossil fuels for construction machines (mainly Concrete mixers, heavy
and light trucks; concrete pumps; concrete vibrators; dump trucks; compactors, diesel generators; water
pumps) to run. Fossil energy is non-renewable and its excessive use may have serious environmental
implications on its availability, price and sustainability. The proposed project will also use electricity
supplied by Ethiopian electric Authority. Electricity in Ethiopia is generated mainly through natural
resources, namely, water and geothermal resources. In this regard, there will be need to use electricity
sparingly since high consumption of electricity negatively impacts on these natural resources and their
sustainability.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Minimization of energy consumption: The Proponent shall ensure responsible electricity use at the
construction site through sensitization of staff to conserve electricity by switching off electrical equipment
or appliances when they are not being used. In addition, proper planning of transportation of materials will
ensure that fossil fuels (diesel, petrol) are not consumed in excessive amounts. Complementary to these
measures, the Proponent shall monitor energy use during construction and set targets for reduction of energy
use.
7.2.2.11. Increased Insecurity
Impact origin and characteristics
The proposed project may cause an increase in insecurity during the construction phase due to the increased
number of transient workers and suppliers within and around the project site. Construction sites are known
to attract large numbers of semi-skilled and un-skilled labor searching for job openings and may also use
the opportunity to scout for potential robbery or terror targets.
Proposed Mitigation measures
The Proponent shall be committed to implementing measures that shall reduce security threats by the
following measures: -

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 The proposed project plot has to be accessed through a designated entry/exit point during the
transportation of all raw materials in and out the construction phase of the project.
 Security shall be enhanced by ensuring security guards are always posted within and around the
project site and strategic placement of security lights around the site.
 A roster of all construction workers shall be kept while measures shall be put in place to ensure that
loitering by itinerant workers is discouraged.
 Unattended public access to the construction site shall be restricted and only one entry/exit point
shall be used.
7.2.2.12. Increased Traffic
Impact origin and characteristics
Obstruction by construction transport vehicles and construction activities adjacent to the nearby roads
during the construction phase may lead to the increase in traffic along the road. This may be exacerbated if
these activities time/schedule coincide with peak traffic hours.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Minimization of construction related traffic: The following measures shall be put in place so as to manage
traffic along surrounding roads during construction: -
 Ensure that the Entry/Exit to the project site is located where it will cause minimal traffic along the
main Road
 Ensure all construction vehicles to and from the construction site use the designated Entry/Exit to
the project site.
 All transportation of construction raw materials and excavated materials are to be conducted at traffic
off peak hours only
 Sensitize truck drivers to avoid unnecessary road obstruction
 Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials to avoid spillage and dust emissions that
may interfere with smooth motoring
 Access to driveways has to be maintained at all times unless other arrangements are made.
7.2.2.13.Worker’s accidents and public safety
Impact origin and characteristics
In any civil works, public as well as construction staff safety risks can arise from various construction
activities such as:-
 Deep excavations;
 Operation and movement of heavy equipment and vehicles;
 Injuries from falling objects; and

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 Injuries from hand tools.

Because of the duration and complexity of the construction phase of the proposed project, such activities
need to be controlled and consequently the associated risks will be reduced. Proper supervision, high
workmanship performance, and provision of adequate safety measures will suppress the likelihood of such
impacts on the public and ensure enhanced occupational safety.

Proposed Mitigation measures

To reduce the construction workers accidents and hazards during the construction phase of the proposed
project, the Proponent shall be committed to adherence to the occupational health and safety rules and
regulations stipulated in The Labor law Proclamation 377/2003. In this regard, the Proponent shall be
committed to provision of appropriate personal protective equipment, as well as ensuring a safe and healthy
environment for construction workers as outlined in the EMP.

More over the project need to have first aid kit and emergency response plan (Alarm System/Procedures,
Evacuation Routes/Procedures, Emergency Medical Treatment Procedures, fire or Explosion) (Unconfined)
and materials, like Proper PPE, granular absorbent/sand Fire Blankets.

7.2.3Operational Phase Adverse Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures

The negative impacts associated with the proposed project during operation phase are discussed below:

7.2.3.1 Air emission

Impact origin and characteristics

Emissions of air pollutants from the project’s operation phase are mainly associated with the loading and
unloading of yields, vehicle exhaust gas.
Potential mitigation measures
In order to reduce the dust and guesses pollutant emitted from the project air pollution management has to
be adopted.
 Install ventilator
 Paved the compound and access roads
 Plant trees to serve as buffer zone
 Effects of exhausts, has to be controlled through planned maintenance of vehicles.
 Minimizing the movement of vehicles particularly outside the premise of the project site
7.2.3.2 Soil Erosion
Impact origin and characteristics

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The building roofs and pavements will lead to increased volume and velocity of storm water or run off
flowing across the area covered by the buildings. This will lead to increased amounts of storm water entering
the drainage systems, resulting in overflow and damage to such systems in addition to increased erosion or
water logging in the neighboring areas.
Potential mitigation measures
 Landscaping should be done on the land during the operation phase and decommissioning phase to
ensure that the same is returned to its original state. The contractor should also provide adequate soil
conservation structures to ensure that areas prone to soil erosion are protected from runoff.
7.2.3.3. Solid Waste
Impact origin and characteristics
The project is expected to generate enormous amounts of solid waste during its operation phase. Solid waste
will be generated from the working and the associated facilities. The accumulation of solid waste can cause
the proliferation of domestic pests such as rats (Rattusnorvegicusand Rattusrattus). These vermin are very
destructive and can rapidly multiply especially where garbage collection is infrequent and therefore food is
abundant. This phase may also encourage stray animals such as dogs which can be nuisance species because
they may bring with them ecto-parasites such as fleas (Ctenocephalidescanis) and ticks (Ixodes sp.) which
can create health problems for domestic pets. The bulk of the solid waste generated during the operation of
the project will consist of paper, plastic, glass, metal, textile and organic wastes. Such wastes can be
injurious to the environment through blockage of drainage systems, choking of water bodies and negative
impacts on animal health. Some of these waste materials especially the plastic/polythene is not
biodegradable may cause long term injurious effects to the environment. Even the bio degradable ones such
as organic wastes may be injurious to the environment because as they decompose, they produce methane
gas, a powerful greenhouse gas known to contribute to global warming.
Potential mitigation measures for solid waste
 Bins/ receptacles shall be placed at strategic locations within the site as collection centers to facilitate
separation and sorting of the various types of wastes.
 Use of an integrated solid waste management system through a hierarchy option i.e. source
reduction, recycling, composting and reuse shall be encouraged. This will facilitate proper handling
of solid waste during operation stage.
7.2.3.4. Waste Water Generation and its associated pollutant
Impact origin and characteristics

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This project will utilize amount of water for domestic uses: workers washing, cooking, bathing and toilets.
This waste water is considered as domestic waste. The discharge of untreated domestic waste water will
pollute the soil and ground water
The above-mentioned source of effluents contains biodegradable matter, nutrients suspended solids,
Bacteriological load, etc. Discharges of these untreated effluents will pollute the water environment.
Proposed Mitigating Measures
Sewage generated from the building different units will be connecting to the septic tank as well, which
transported and treated at the municipality wastewater treatment plant.
7.2.3.5. Increased Water Demand
Impact origin and characteristics
The operation phase of the proposed project might place a strain on the water availability in the area. The
current supply will have a cumulative major negative impact on already limited supply. This phase of the
development will therefore have a major negative long-term impact on the water availability in the area.
Potential mitigation measures
 Provision of notices and information signs within the project site to notify on means and needs to
conserve water resource.
 Installation of water conserving taps
 Practice rain water harvesting to supplement the municipal water supply.
7.2.3.6. Increased Energy Demand
The operation phases of the development will impact slightly on the electricity supplying the area as well
as demand will increase.
Proposed mitigation measures
 All electrical appliances should be switched off when not in use during construction and operation
phases.
 Use of energy conserving electric lamps for general lighting during operational phase.
 Workers should utilize natural light when inside the office to avoid using electricity for lighting
during the day.
 The contractor should ensure that all buildings have access to natural light during the day.

7.2.3.7. Increased traffic

Impact origin and characteristics

It is expected that, a number of vehicles around the project site increase from time to time, hence leading to
increase in traffic conjunction. This will be dependent on the location of the building’s car park entry/exit,

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traffic control measures in place, number of tenants/visitors to the building, the nature of businesses within
the building amongst other factors.

Proposed mitigation measures

 Train or aware the drivers and workers about traffic rules and regulation
 Put in different traffic signage on the appropriate place
 Set Plan and Schedule time for entrance and exit vehicles, trucks and workers
 Participating in local road maintenance and supervision

7.2.3.8. Increased Risks of HIV/AIDS

The influx of workers, typically young generations seeking jobs will be associated with a series of social
challenges such as crime, alcoholism/illicit drug abuse and prostitution. These are often related to the spread
of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Vices such as drug abuse and prostitution would affect
social coherence and security in project communities tarnishing the image and intent of another wise good
project.

Proposed mitigation measures

 HIV/AIDS sensitization programmer shall be conducted at the camp as per methodology and
schedule devised by the HIV/AIDS Sensitization and Control service providers
 A site clinic should be set up with a medical practitioner and medical facilities including condoms
for HIV/AIDS control.
 Through posters, flyers or weekly sensitization sessions continually provide HIV/AIDS
awareness to workers.
7.2.3.9. Workplace Accidents
Impact origin and characteristics
During operation period, accidents may include physical hazard during loading, unloading, exposure to
exposed electrical parts. The operations that lead to fire outbreaks include poor handling of electricity
systems, faulty electrical equipment, carelessness etc. The exposure of workers to dusts and noise has been
known to cause damage to the ear drums as well as hearing loss. Noise has also been known to cause fatigue,
anxiety and a lack of productivity.
Potential mitigation measures
 Aware / trainer employees in safe working practice
 Install ventilator

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 Control noise as much as possible, if it is beyond the maximum limit standard, equip employees with
PPE
 Ensuring all electrical equipment and machinery are properly grounded
 Naked wires should always be sealed
 Installation of an automatic fire alarm system for the building
 Provision of firefighting equipment and hydrant points
 Display fire excavation procedures and emergency at the buildings
 Provision of sufficient fire exit points and fire assembly points

 Adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) should be provided for employees
 The employer should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Appropriately
equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work.

7.2.4. Decommissioning Phase Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures

The negative impacts and mitigation measures discussed below are associated with the proposed project
during decommissioning phase.

Impacts mitigation measures: The negative impacts mitigation measures discussed below are associated
with the proposed project during decommissioning phase.

7.2.4.1. Noise and Vibration

Impact origin and characteristics: The demolition works will lead to significant deterioration of the
acoustic environment within the proposed project site and the surrounding areas. This will be as a result of
the noise and vibrations that will be experienced during demolition.

Proposed mitigation measures: The noise and vibrations that will be experienced during demolition works
will be minimized as described under operational phases.

7.2.4.2. Air Pollution

Impact origin and characteristics: Dust will be generated during demolition works of the proposed project
from the demolition activities. This will mainly affect demolition workers. In addition, soil will be used in
rehabilitation and re-instatement to pre-project status, this will add to the amount of dust that will be
generated during rehabilitation. However, it will be minimal. Exhaust emission will also be experienced
during decommissioning from the trucks that will be transporting the demolished objects to the disposal
sites and storage areas. Large quantities of dust will be generated during demolition works, which affects
both demolition staff as well as the neighboring establishments.

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Proposed mitigation measures: High levels of dust concentration resulting from demolition or dismantling
works will be minimized as described under operational phases.
7.2.4.3 Solid waste generation
Impact origin and characteristics: Demolition of the proposed project will result in large quantities of
solid waste. Although demolition waste is generally considered as less harmful to the environment since
they are composed of inert materials, there is growing evidence that large quantities of such waste may lead
to release of certain hazardous chemicals into the environment. In addition, the non-toxic chemicals such as
chloride, sodium, sulfate and ammonia which may be released as a result of leaching of demolition wastes
are known to lead to degradation of groundwater quality.
Proposed mitigation measures: Solid waste resulting from demolition or dismantling works will be
managed as described under operational phases.

7.2.4.4. Health and safety

Impact origin and characteristics: Risk of accidents and ill health as a result of the demolition activities
is likely to be experienced. This could be as a result of accidents involving from construction equipment.
Proposed mitigation measures
 Risk of accidents and ill health as a result of the demolition activities is likely to be experienced.
This could be as a result of accidents involving from construction equipment.
 Risk of accidents and ill health as a result of demolition activities shall be mitigated by ensuring that
appropriate health and safety measures are applied in all activities; fencing all unsafe and dangerous
areas; and continuous monitoring of environmental health (air quality, water quality, vegetation,
noise) at all main receptor points around the site until site handover.
7.2.4.5. Cumulative of impacts on environment
The proposed under taking may have direct or indirect impacts on the physical environment namely on soil,
hydrology, geology, flora, fauna, air quality, water quality, noise and landscape. Socio economic impacts of
the proposed undertaking should also be considered in terms of demography, the local community, transport
and traffic, and employment. The different environmental impacts may be categorized as relating to the
following:
Air pollution
Noise pollution
Flora & Fauna
Sewage treatment and disposal
Storm water management

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Solid waste collection and disposal

Production of effluents produced on site
Machinery used will generate hydrocarbons as by-products.
Socio economic impacts
Traffic and transportation implications

The proposed Mixed Usebuilding to be located in Daleti woreda, Gelan Guda sub city. The cumulative
impacts of establishment of the project also will have a positive contribution to sustainable development
and up graduation of the quality of the area, microenvironment and macro environment as well as
improvement in the quality of the socioeconomic environment.

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8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT &MONITORING PLAN

8.1. Environmental Management Plan
The Mixed-Usebuilding is organized into two divisions Administrative and Academic wings in which the
General Manager will be the head of the Mixed-Usebuilding and the organizational structure of the project
is designed incorporating all the necessary personnel under the right division. At the top of the organizational
structure, there will be a General Manager/Head of Mixed-Usebuilding and underneath the general manager
the administrative director and Academic Director will take a position leading the Mixed-Usebuilding
program. There exists also parent committee directly contact with the Mixed-Usebuilding manager. The
Administrative director will lead the admin. Staffs like, The Accountant, Human Resource, Purchasing and
Supplies units and the Academic wing will remain leading all Academic posts like Real Estate Construction
Headmaster, Supervisors, The project has to incorporate environmental management system in its daily
operations and, its EMP is implemented, maintained and updated in a manner that is consistent with a
nationally recognized standard. The Environmental management issues outlined in this EMP will be used
to manage all environmental aspects of the operations activities over which the project has to control or
which its activities can reasonably influence.

8.1.2. Air Quality management plan

The nature of carbonated soft drink production has air emissions, thus air quality impacts from boiler,
vehicles & incinerator. The following guiding principles will help to manage air quality.

Table 7: Specific responsibilities for air quality management

S.N Strategic Proposed Suggested In Suggested

objective implementation charge Priority

 Monthly  HSE  On-going

To monitor stack submission of monitoring Officer  On-going
emissions report to the Manager  HSE
1 concisely HSE. Manager
 Check compliance
 Identify any
2 To identify accidental release of air  HSE  High
effects of air emissions within the Manager  High
emissions premises and especially in  HSE  High
the work zone. Officer

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 If any release  HSE

identify, conduct on-spot Officer
monitoring.
 Routinely arrange
3 Assure work maintenance and servicing  HSE  On-going
zone air quality is of process machinery. Manager  High
complying  Discuss any issues  HSE
occupational concerning to Officer
guidelines. occupational health with
general staff and identify
if it is related to
environmental
deterioration.

8.1.3. Noise & Vibration management plan

Due to the operation of the proposed Company, noise generation is less likely as a result of the operations
of the Plant and it is with permissible level. The company will make all practical efforts to abate noise
pollution and it will:
 Restrict, where possible, noise making activities to normal working hours and standard level,
 When working near residences and places of worship avoid sensitive times for example during
religious services
 Inform and consult with affected residents.

8.1.4. Waste and management plan

In the table given below provides some of the guiding principles are provided for the effective management
of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste. Mostly the solid waste may generate within the premises of
manufacture include: Clinic wastes, used car battery , decomposable wastes, Recyclable or Reuse wastes –
e.g., Cartoons, empty containers, empty glass, crown cork, plastics.

Table 8: Specific responsibilities for Solid Waste Management

S.No Strategic Proposed implementation Suggested In Suggested

objective charge Priority

 Outline waste  HSE

1 To go for solid reduction methods and their Manager  High
waste reduction probability of  HSE  High
where possible. implementation. Officer  High
 Locate all  HSE  On-going
hazardous/nonhazardous Manager

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waste generation sources  HSE

(process and general). Officer
 Seek methodologies
for solid waste management at
source (end-of-pipe
treatment), quantity of
recycled materials should be
monitored.
 Monitor and manage  HSE
2 To work towards waste cleaning within the Officer  High
effective and premises of manufacture.  HSE  On-going
regular clean-up  Organize waste Manager  On-going
of solid waste cleaning and management  HSE
within premises. staff and formulate a schedule. Officer
 Emphasis on day time
cleaning as more staff work
during day.
 Allocate areas for  HSE
3 To dispose-off general solid waste such as Officer  High
waste in plastic, paper, aluminum cans,  HSE  On-going
environment etc Training  On-going
friendly manner  Educate staff in Coordinator  High
training to dispose of solid  HSE
waste properly in the allocated Officer
areas such as dust bins.  HSE
 Dust bins should be Officer
provided at a shorter distance.
 While handling and
managing decomposable
waste, make sure it is covered.
 Train staff and  HSE
4 To reduce specially those involve in Training  High
occupational risk hazardous material handling, Coordinator  High
due to unsafe with the safety issues.  HSE  On-going
handling of  Strict implementation Manager
hazardous solid should be employed on  HSE
waste. contingency plan. Manager
 Monitoring on safety
must be followed such as
accidents and a bi-annual
report should be distributed to
HSE department and top
management.

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8.1.5. Vegetation restoration plan

The company needs to use the following best management Practice to make the compound environment
green and pleasant:
 plant different species of indigenous and native trees in company compound, across the road and
development of green belt
 Adhere to the requirements and precautions of Ethiopian biodiversity plan and regulations,
 Ensure that all site personnel made aware of the importance of any trees of significant value
 Allocate at least 2% of land from the total area for green area development.
8.1.6. Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan
The manufacturing work provides safety wears, safety equipment and health services with full health care
and occupational safety for handling raw materials, supplies and products depending on the characteristics
of the manufacturing processes. To attain work place safety, for example, some machines shall have
protections, warning stickers, automatic stopping or safety switch. In addition, installation of accident
prevention materials such as ventilation at proper sites; in manufacturing floors, chemical stores, general
stores and in other essential rooms and fire extinguishers will be sited at proper places in the compound.
Depending on the working places and the type of machineries; workers shall be provided with safety wears
and working manuals, provision of Different light lifting machines for work simplicity, Workers training
on how to use safety materials and keep safe working place and use of safety instructions in the
manufacturing processes; Accidents control, investigations, analysis and reporting in the company
manufacturing activities, and Regular workers health check-up or examination in every production years,
Maintaining safe workplaces, plant and work systems; Providing information, instruction and training
enabling employees to work without hazards; consulting with employee-elected health and safety
representatives and/ or other employees about occupational health, safety and welfare and Ensuring all work
procedures are undertaken without exposing workers to hazards.
8.1.7. Emergency Preparedness, Response management and contingency Plan
It is the environmental compliance policy of the company to comply with all applicable laws, regulations,
permits and orders.
Scope and Applicability of the Emergency Action
This procedure covers following types of emergency situations which might happen
 Fire
 Security problem / peace unrest
 Heavy rainfall leading to inundation
 Medical emergencies

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Applicability extends to all companies as well as contractor’s employees and visitors. This plan will provide
specific emergency procedures as well as address emergency protocols.

The following steps will be executed as applicable for all the above mentioned emergencies.

 Initiating Emergency Alarm/Bell/Signal/Response/Alert

 Intimation of Emergency Response Team
 Communication top Government agencies i.e. Civil Defense, Fire Department… etc.
 Removing trapped people
 Providing first aid
 Safe guarding equipment and machinery …etc.
 Communication to head office

Visitors: In the event that a visitor/contractor does not adhere to the provisions of this plan, he/she will be
requested leave the work area.

8.1.8. Labor and Working Conditions management plan

The company needs to follow internationally-recognized best practices (consistent with ILO Performance
Standards on Labor and Working Conditions for labor and working conditions at the company). The
company should provide a grievance mechanism for workers (and their organizations, where they exist) to
raise workplace concerns. The company should inform the workers of the grievance mechanism upon being
hired, and should ensure that it is easily accessible to all. The mechanism should involve an appropriate
level of management and address concerns promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that
provides feedback to those concerned, without any retribution. The mechanism should not impede access to
other judicial or administrative remedies that might be available under law or through existing arbitration
procedures, or substitute for grievance mechanisms provided through collective agreements. With respect
to contractors or other intermediaries procuring non companies employee workers and the company should:

 Ascertain that these contractors or intermediaries are reputable and legitimate enterprises; and
 Require that these contractors or intermediaries duly apply the requirements of the labor law.

The following actions should be taken to ensure good working and living conditions for the workers:

o Hiring of reputed contractors, preferably those who directly hire their workforce without
intermediaries or recruitment agencies;

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o Ensure regular and timely payment of salaries/wages;

o Enforce a health and safety plan, including personal protection equipment;
o Require worker participation in weekly EHS meetings for safe working practices, finding solutions
and solving problems (as the need arises). Employees who voice their concerns and suggestions will be
rewarded.

8.1.9. Community Engagement Plan

Good relations with the community should be promoted by implementing an action plan that aims to provide
timely response to any enquiries, concerns or complaints about operation of the company. The company
should have a role in the consultation and disclosure process during operation particularly regarding
disclosure of information related to effluents, public health and safety; and reporting results of
environmental monitoring. The company should continue to remain in contact with company stakeholders
during the period of operation, for as long as it is an effective two-way channel for communication. In time,
as a long-term presence in the region, the company has to develop additional formal contacts. With time,
the company promoter may develop other local relationships and channels of communication that could
benefit the local area. Ongoing stakeholder consultation will allow the company to receive and respond to
community concerns on an ongoing basis. The Community Engagement Plan (CEP) should be designed on
the following principles:

 A Community Liaison Officer needs to be appointed.

 The Community Liaison Officer should initiate the CEP through consultation with key stakeholders
identified during community consultation;
 A formal CEP needs to be produced and documented in consultation with all key stakeholders and
the support of a specialized socio-economic consultant;
 The development of a communication strategy for the CEP with the support of a public relations
firm or the support of a specialized socio-economic consultant;
 The CEP has to be monitored and evaluated by independent consultants alongside specified
milestones;
 Professional monitoring and evaluation will contribute to maintaining the CEP as a dynamic and
community-based engagement plan, and will ensure it is reviewed and amended as the company
evolves through its cycle.

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 Through the Community Liaison Officer, the company has to implement a community grievance
mechanism allowing community members to raise their concerns about any environmental or social
concerns that they may have with regard to the company.
 It is likely that, the company promoter should take responsibility for the implementation of the
ongoing CEP.

8.1.10. Capacity Building /Training

Environmental training and awareness for all staffs of the institution is important, since virtually all aspects
of the company operations can have environmental implications. To help ensure continual improvement in
environmental performance, it also recommended that all staffs play a role, not just those staff specifically
responsible for environmental aspects of operation. Site-specific procedures should be developed and
implemented to identify environmental training needs and ensure that all personnel receive environmental
training. It should incorporate

 General awareness training for employees and service providers, where the training includes but is
not limited to:
 The organization's environmental program, including the environmental policy and relevant
environmental practices;
 Regulatory obligations; and
 Environmental emergencies procedures, including spill prevention, reporting, response and
evacuation procedures;
 Benefits associated with environmental training and awareness programs, includes:
 Ownership of and commitment to environmental management at all levels of the workforce;
 a sustained, measurable improvement in environmental performance in both the individual and
business unit level;
 An improved capacity to manage future environmental issues and to minimize environmental risk;
 improved understanding on the part of management and employees of how specific activities affect
the environment;
 The development of management and employee skills resulting in cost-effective environmental
solutions;
 Management attention that is focused on the areas of greatest environmental impact and risk, and
action on those areas;
 A responsible image presented to employees and the community; and

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 A reduced potential of an environmental incident.

8.1.11. Environmental unit Plan

Although the company has shown is keen interest in environmental management practices and have certain
plans to adopt preventive measures from the environmental point of view, it can be said that any weakness
in organizational structure, management, communication, leak in information and coordination may lead to
environment risk. Therefore, to tackle those probable challenges /problems, following are some of the
guiding principles:

 Ensure that management authorities have access to high quality, up-to-date and relevant data for
decision making.
 Ensure that staff associated with the company its environmental unit must have access to the relevant
data for the implementation of EMP.
 Promote involvement of all associated groups, management authorities and associated staff in the
management plan process.
 Ensure highest level possible of liaison and co-ordination between the company and stake holders
 Ensure all the monitoring details should be received by the relevant regulatory authority accordingly
for their review and feedback.

8.1.12. Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

The goal of the CSR is to build “good neighbor” strategy of being good corporate citizens, protecting the
environment, and enhancing the quality of life in their host. The company need to be performed in such a
way that: appoint a community liaison officer, who initiates the CSR through consultation with key
stakeholders identified during community consultation; a formal CSR plan including time frame and budget
allocation need to be produced and documented in consultation with all key stakeholders and the support of
a specialized socio-economic consultant. The company needs to keep in contact with stakeholders, as it
useful for effective two-way channel communication for the creation of collaborative environment. The
company needs to actively engage in CSR environment & social related activities. The company needs to
conduct formal & regular consultation and discussion with employees, local community and all concerned
stakeholders.

The company needs to consider the corporate social responsibility packages as per the request of the
employees and communities in consideration with the profit company will get.

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8.1.13. Revision of Environmental Management Plan

The company representative and environmental coordinator will review this EMP to ensure it is appropriate
and is being implemented effectively. Changes may arise from a change of scope, the institution internal
audits, and comments or from opportunities for improvement. the plan will then to be updated to reflect any
changes which have occurred. The revised document and the input which led to the revisions to be reviewed
by the company representative, approved by him/her and then forwarded to the company headquarter for
record. Controlled copies of this plan should be updated. The planned target dates (or frequencies) at which
the EMP will be subject to formal review and the personnel who will participate in the review have to be
documented and maintained maintain as a record.

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Table 9. Environmental and Social Management Plan

Construction phase Environmental and Social Management Plan
Project Activity Potential Environmental Proposed mitigation measures Institutional ResponsiblyImplementation Cost / ETB
Impacts schedule (time
Vegetation clearance and Impact on soil erosion Soil Stabilization, carefulmovement Project Manager &Contractor frame)
Construction 100,000.00
excavation works o f materials, equipment and vehicles, phase
refurbishment works using the soils
displaced during the digging of foundations
trenches , confining vehicular movements to
specific areas & green area development
(Tree planting)

Sourcing of construction High demand for raw Source building materials from local Project Manager &Contractor Construction 100,000.00
material. materials suppliers, ordering/utilizing actual phase
construction material only and minimizing
damage through proper storage.
.
Movement of Vehicles and Noise pollution and vibration proper management of construction vehicles Project Manager &Contractor Construction 20,000.00
construction Machines and machinery to switch off engines of phase
Construction works vehicles or machinery not being used, the
Construction workers actions Use quiet equipment ,trees plantation to
create buffer zone against noise propagation
and Promotion of noise reduction measures

Site clearance, excavation Impacts on air quality provision of effective dust screen, sheeting or Project Manager &Contractor Construction 50,000.00
Use of heavy vehicles and netting , Pave, apply water when necessary, phase
Machinery/equipment at or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers on all
construction site; unpaved access roads, parking areas and
Transportation of construction staging areas at construction site, Post signs
materials (such as sand, to limit vehicle speeds, proper management
cement, steel, masonry stone to and maintenance of construction equipment
the construction site; and) and machineries and sensitization of truck
Operation of construction drivers and machine operators to avoid
machinery and equipment unnecessary racing of engines.

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Disposal of Solid Waste Use of an integrated solid waste management Project Manager &Contractor Construction 30,000.00
Land clearing
system i.e. Source reduction, Recycling, phase
Excavating
Reuse, Combustion and Sanitary land filling.
Filling
Construction
Welding, drilling, etc
Construction workers activities

Land clearing Increased storm water, Surface runoff and roof water shall be Project Manager &Contractor Construction 20,000.00
Excavating runoff harvested and stored for reuse. Leveling of phase
the project site to reduce run-off velocity and
increase infiltration of storm water into the
soil, interconnection of all open drains.

Concrete work High water demand Harvest rainwater for construction activities Project Manager & Contractor Throughout 50,000.00
Wetting surfaces usage, installation of water conserving taps Construction
Cleaning completed structures and discharge meter to monitor total water phase
Construction workers activities usage One-off

Operation of Construction Energy resource utilization Installing energy saving fluorescent tubes at Building management One-off 30,000.00
machineries and vehicles all lighting points within the building and Continuous
(mainly concrete mixers, heavy monitor energy use and set targets for
and light trucks; concrete efficient energy use
pumps; concrete vibrators;
dump trucks; compactors,
diesel generators; water
pumps)
Welding, drilling
Transient workers and Safety and security Ensure the general safety and security at all Project Manager &Contractor Continuous 20,000.00
suppliers within and around the times by providing day and night security
project site guards and adequate lighting within and
around the construction site.

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Movement of construction Increased traffic, Ensure all construction vehicles to and from Project Manager and Site Throughout 10,000.00
transport vehicles obstruction the construction site use the designated Foreman /contractor construction
Unloading construction Entry/Exit to the project site , Cover all period
material outside the premises of trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose
project compound materials to avoid spillage and dust
emissions that may interfere with smooth
motoring and access to driveways will be
maintained at all times.
Occupational Health And  project Manager, Continuous 40,000.00
Deep excavations;
Safety Risks dherence to safety procedures, safety Developer &
Operation and movement of
education and training. deliver and storeContractor
heavy equipment and vehicles;
materials at appropriate locations, provision
falling objects; and
of mobile toilets, medical examination of all
construction materials
construction workers machinery, equipment,
operating of hand tools.
personal protective equipment, appliances
and hand tools used in construction do
comply with the prescribed safety and health
standards and be appropriately installed
maintained and safeguarded

ll machines and other moving parts of
equipment must be enclosed or guarded to
protect all workers from injury, proper
maintenance of the building,

rovide measures to deal with emergencies and
accidents including adequate first aid
arrangements and provide certified person in
first aid, Firefighting equipment such as fire
extinguishers should be provided at strategic
locations such as stores and construction
areas

rovision adequate natural ventilation through
circulation of fresh air artificial and natural
lighting in all parts the super structure in
which persons are working or passing and all
electrical equipment must be earthed,

onstruction workers are provided with an
adequate supply of wholesome drinking
water which should be maintained at suitable

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and accessible points, clean, orderly,

adequate and suitable washing facilities are
provided and maintained within the site
Operational phase Environmental Management Plan

Project Activity Potential Environmental Proposed mitigation measures Institutional Responsibly Implementation Cost
Impacts schedule (time
frame)
Loading unloading, house Dust generation/ impact on  Install ventilator Project manager operation phases 50,000.00
cleaning the existing air quality  Paved the compound and access
roads
 Plant trees to serve as buffer zone
 Effects of exhausts, has to be
controlled through planned maintenance of
vehicles.
 Minimizing the movement of
vehicles particularly outside the premise of
General Workers activities Generation of Solid Wastes the projectmanagement
Efficient site of wastes generated at Project manager operation phases 100,000.00
the facility through recycling, reuse and
proper disposal procedures.
Workers defecating, Increased water use Rain water harvesting and development of its Project management operation phases 100,000.00
housekeeping and cooking own water sources, avoidance of water
leakage in the distribution network and by
employees.
workers washing, cooking, Waste Water Generation
bathing and toilets Use of septic tanks; that involves theProject manager One-off 150,000.00
construction of underground concrete-made
tanks to store the sludge with soak pits.

Then transported and treated at the “Kalitti”

wastewater treatment plant.

Lighting, refrigerator, Tv Increased energy consumption

Usage of renewable energy, solar based Project management operation phases 20,000.00
power and setting
the “Kalitti” up treatment
wastewater of an underground
plant.
electrical network to minimize risks of
electrical power losses and cuts during
as well, storms.
tropical which transported and treated at the 150,000
“Kalitti” wastewater treatment plant.

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Traffic Increased Traffic

Traffic management, maintenance of access Building Management Daily 20,000.00
to driveways and coordination with the andTraffic/Parking attendant
relevant authorities

Increase population Increased HIV/AIDS Conduct awareness campaigns on Project manager, NGOs and operation phases 10,000.00
Incidence HIV/AIDS among the workers, residents government agencies
and the locals, availing condoms

Loading unloading, driving , Impact on occupational health  Aware / trainer employees in safe Project manager operation phases 100,000.00
overall operational activity and safety working practice
 Install ventilator
 Control noise as much as possible,
if it is beyond the maximum limit standard,
equip employees with PPE
 Ensuring all electrical equipment
and machinery are properly grounded
 Naked wires should always be
sealed
 Installation of an automatic fire
alarm system for the building
 Provision of firefighting equipment
and hydrant points
 Display fire excavation procedures
and emergency at the buildings
 Provision of sufficient fire exit
points and fire assembly points
 Adequate lavatory facilities (toilets
and washing areas) should be provided for
employees
 The employer should ensure that
qualified first-aid can be provided at all
times. Appropriately equipped first-aid
stations should be easily accessible
throughout the place of work
Decommissioning phase Environmental and Social Management Plan
Project Activity Potential Environmental Proposed mitigation measures Institutional Responsibly Implementation Cost
Impacts schedule (time
frame)

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Demolition work Increased Noise and  Carrying out the decommissioning

vibration works only during the specified time from Project Manager During 20,000.00
,machineries maintenance to reduce noise Decommission
resulting from friction phases
 provision of workers with Personal
Protective Equipment and shielding the area
to reduce noise propagation

Air qualitypollution  Using efficient equipment and Project Manager During 20,000.00
machines Decommission
 Using clean fuels and dust screens phases
and removing components with potential of
emitting hazardous gases or particulates
separately and under caution to prevent
emissions.
 watering demolition site
Solid waste generation  .Employing a waste management Project Manager During 50,000.00
plan: reducing, reusing ,recycling Decommission
recovering, rethinking and renovation & phases
removing material from the building before
demolition to minimize the amount of waste
 allocating responsibilities for waste
management and identifying all sources of
wastes, and ensuring wastes are handled

Health and safety  Adequate training of workers on theProject Manager &HSO During 30,000.00
use of the equipment Decommission
 provision of workers with adequate phases
PPEs
 Placing visible and readable signs
around where there are risks and undertaking
the riskier
 Demolition activities first and in
isolation, ensuring there is security in and
around the site to control the movement of
people.
Total estimated cost 1,140,000.00

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8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

The major elements of the proposed environmental impact monitoring program that should be monitored
during the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the project are set out below:

 Compliance of construction works with site management and landscape plans.

 Inspection of quarry licenses to ensure earth materials are obtained only from licensed operators.
 Proper transportation and storage of construction material.
 The location of hard standings should be monitored bi-monthly to ensure that they are placed away
from drainage features on the site and do not end up in the marine environment.
 Earth materials transport to ensure that trucks are properly covered to prevent spillage and the
generation of dust.
 The proponent must immediately and completely clean up spills of materials in public areas.
 Solid waste disposal practices to ensure appropriate on-site management and final disposal at
approved dump.
 The labor camp ensures installation of toilets and the proper disposal of sewage and labor camp solid
waste.

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Table10. Environmental Monitoring plan

Construction phase Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan
Mitigation measures Parameters to be monitored Location Measurements Frequency Responsibilities Cost

Soil Stabilization, careful movement Soil eroded& Vegetation cleared At the site and Reports and field During the 10,000.00
o f materials, equipment and vehicles, Surrounding visits course of the Project
refurbishment works using the soils construction management,
displaced during the digging of foundations work contractor, site
trenches,confining vehicular movements to
manager
specific areas &green area development
(Tree planting). Regulatory
Authority
Source building materials from local Excavated materials management At the site and No of local suppliers During the 10,000.00
suppliers, ordering/utilizing actual Surrounding sourced course of the Project
construction material only and minimizing planned utilization construction management,
damage through proper storage. contractor, site
and Minimal damagework
.
of raw materials manager
Regulatory
Authority
Proper management of construction vehicles Noise At the site and Reports and field During the 10,000.00
and machinery to switch off engines of Surrounding inspection course of the Project
vehicles or machinery not being used, the construction management,
Use quiet equipment ,trees plantation to work contractor, site
create buffer zone against noise propagation
manager
and Promotion of noise reduction measures.
Regulatory
Authority

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provision of effective dust screen, sheeting or Air quality / Amount of particulate  Regular air During the 10,000.00
netting , Pave, apply water when necessary, emission per day: pm in air per day At the site and Quality monitoring course of the Project
or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers on all  No of construction management,
unpaved access roads, parking areas and Surrounding material spillage on work contractor, site
staging areas at construction site, Post signs road
manager
to limit vehicle speeds, proper management  No of
and maintenance of construction equipment workers & Regulatory
and machineries and sensitization of truck community Authority
drivers and machine operators to avoid compliant
unnecessary racing of engines.

Use of an integrated solid waste management Solid waste management facilities At the site and Reports and field All through the 10,000.00
system i.e. Source reduction, Recycling, Surrounding visits construction Project
Reuse, Combustion and Sanitary land filling. work management,
contractor, site
manager
Regulatory
Surface runoff and roof water shall be Surface and roof setup Project Manager Report/inspection All through the Authority 50,000.00
harvested and stored for reuse. Leveling of & Contractor construction Project
the project site to reduce run-off velocity and work management,
increase infiltration of storm water into the contractor, site
soil, interconnection of all open drains.
manager
Regulatory
Authority
Harvest rainwater for construction activities Water utility At the site  Water Monthly 5,000.00
usage, installation of water conserving taps meter reading Project
and discharge meter to monitor total water management,
usage. contractor, site
manager
Regulatory
Authority

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Installing energy saving fluorescent tubes at Energy utility At the site Practice of energy Monthly Project 5,000.00
all lighting points within the building and saving techniques management,
monitor energy use and set targets for contractor, site
efficient energy use. manager
Regulatory
Ensure the general safety and security at all Site security At the site and Field visit and Throughout Project
Authority 2,000.00
times by providing day and night security surrounding compliant record construction management,
guards and adequate lighting within and period contractor, site
around the construction site.
manager
Regulatory
Ensure all construction vehicles to and from Traffic At the site and No of traffic Throughout Authority
Project 10,000.00
the construction site use the designated surrounding accident / report construction management,
Entry/Exit to the project site, cover all trucks period contractor, site
hauling soil, sand and other loose materials
manager
to avoid spillage and dust emissions that may
interfere with smooth motoring and access to Regulatory
driveways will be maintained at all times. Authority

 Occupational health & Safety At the site  OSH Throughout

A Project
dherence to safety procedures, safety training records construction management, 20,000.00
education and training. deliver and store  Safety and period contractor, site
materials at appropriate locations, provision healthy procedures manager
of mobile toilets, medical examination of all  Provision Regulatory
construction workers machinery, equipment, of 1st aid boxes and Authority
personal protective equipment, appliances fie frightening
and hand tools used in construction do equipment’s
comply with the prescribed safety and health Provision of PPE
standards and be appropriately installed
maintained and safeguarded
 A
ll machines and other moving parts of
equipment must be enclosed or guarded to
protect all workers from injury, proper
maintenance of the building,
 P

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rovide measures to deal with emergencies and

accidents including adequate first aid
arrangements and provide certified person in
first aid, Firefighting equipment such as fire
extinguishers should be provided at strategic
locations such as stores and construction areas
 P
rovision adequate natural ventilation through
circulation of fresh air artificial and natural
lighting in all parts the super structure in
which persons are working or passing and all
electrical equipment must be earthed,
 C
onstruction workers are provided with an
adequate supply of wholesome drinking water
which should be maintained at suitable and
accessible points, clean, orderly, adequate
and suitable washing facilities are provided
and maintained within the site
Operational phase Environmental and Social Management Plan
Mitigation measures Parameters to be monitored Location Measurement Frequency Responsibilities Cost

 Install ventilator Dust/ particulate matter Indoor and Air quality Annually Project 10,000.00
 Paved the compound and access outdoor monitoring management and
roads & Regulatory
 Plant trees to serve as buffer zone authority
 Effects of exhausts, has to be
controlled through planned maintenance of
vehicles.
 Minimizing the movement of
vehicles particularly outside the premise of
the project site

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Efficient management of wastes generated at Solid waste management practice Within the Observation and Project 5,000.00
the facility through recycling, reuse and project report review on management and
proper disposal procedures. compound available waste Throughout & Regulatory
management operational phase authority
facilities, No of
complains
Rain water harvesting and development of its Water utility At the site  Water Monthly Project
own water sources, avoidance of water meter reading management and 5,000.00
leakage in the distribution network and by & Regulatory
employees.
authority
Use of septic tanks; that involves the At the site  Observation Annually
construction of underground concrete-made Liquid waste management facilities Project 5,000.00
tanks to store the sludge with soak pits. management and
& Regulatory
Then transported and treated at the “Kalitti”
authority
wastewater treatment plant.

Usage of renewable energy, solar based Energy utility At the site Practice of energy Monthly
power and setting up of an underground saving techniques Project 5,000.00
the “Kalitti”
electrical wastewater
network treatment
to minimize risksplant.
of management and
electrical power losses and cuts during & Regulatory
tropical storms.transported and treated at the
as well, which authority
“Kalitti” wastewater treatment plant.
Traffic management, maintenance of Traffic At the site and No of traffic Throughout 5,000.00
access to driveways and coordination with surrounding accident / report operational Project
the relevant authorities period management and
& Regulatory
authority
Conduct awareness campaigns on Awareness level on HIV At the site and Interviewing, report Annually 2,000.00
HIV/AIDS among the workers, residents surrounding inspection Project
and the locals management and
& Regulatory
authority

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 PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

 Aware / trainer employees in safe Occupational health & Safety At the site  OSH Throughout Project 20,000.00
working practice training records construction management,
 Install ventilator  Safety and period contractor, site
 Control noise as much as possible, healthy procedures manager
if it is beyond the maximum limit standard,  Provision Regulatory
equip employees with PPE of 1st aid boxes and Authority
 Ensuring all electrical equipment fie frightening
and machinery are properly grounded equipment’s
 Naked wires should always be Provision of PPE
sealed
 Installation of an automatic fire
alarm system for the building
 Provision of firefighting equipment
and hydrant points
 Display fire excavation procedures
and emergency at the buildings
 Provision of sufficient fire exit
points and fire assembly points
 Adequate lavatory facilities (toilets
and washing areas) should be provided for
employees
The employer should ensure that qualified
first-aid can be provided at all times.
Appropriately equipped first-aid stations
should be easily accessible throughout the
Decommissioning
place of work phase Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan
Mitigation measures Parameters to be monitored Location Measurement Frequency Responsibilities Cost

 Carrying out the decommissioning Noise and vibration At the site and Noise monitoring Throughout Project 10,000.00
works only during the specified time from surrounding demolishing management,
,machineries maintenance to reduce noise work contractor, site
resulting from friction manager
 provision of workers with Personal Regulatory
Protective Equipment and shielding the area Authority
to reduce noise propagation

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 PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

 Using efficient equipment and Air quality At the site and Air quality/ dust / PM Throughout Project 10,000.00
machines surrounding measurement demolishing management,
 Using clean fuels and dust screens work contractor, site
and removing components with potential of manager
emitting hazardous gases or particulates Regulatory
separately and under caution to prevent Authority
emissions.
 watering demolition site

 .Employing a waste management Solid waste generation Observation, report Throughout Project
plan: reducing, reusing ,recycling At the site and inspection demolishing management, 10,000.00
recovering, rethinking and renovation & surrounding work contractor, site
removing material from the building before manager
demolition to minimize the amount of waste Regulatory
 allocating responsibilities for waste Authority
management and identifying all sources of
wastes, and ensuring wastes are handled

 Adequate training of workers on the use Health and safety Interview, inspection Throughout Project
of the equipment At the site and demolishing management, 10,000.00
 provision of workers with adequate surrounding work contractor, site
PPEs manager
 Placing visible and readable signs Regulatory
around where there are risks and Authority
undertaking the riskier
 demolition activities first and in
isolation ,ensuring there is security in
and around the site to control the
movement of people.

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 PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION

Compliance audit including 100,000.00

environmental monitoring cost Regulatory
Authority
External Auditor
Environmental and social monitoring plan 339,000.00

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8.2.1Institutional Framework for Monitoring, Reporting and Supervision

In order to ensure that the identified environmental issues are addressed throughout the lifecycle of the
project, there is a need for all key stakeholders to collaborate. The main objective of this collaborating
network is to ensure that mitigation measures outlined in t he contracts are being properly implemented by
the project owner. The main responsibilities of the collaborating network will be:-

 Complementthe efforts for continuous monitoring and assessment of the implementation of the
environmental management plan.
 Liaise with respective local authorities on environmental issues which may arise during the operation
of the project.

Monitoring arrangements: To avoid deliberate creation of gaps between what actually gets implemented
on the ground, the contracts must spell out the sanctions for non-compliance with mitigation measures. The
developer/ project proponent is to compile an activity environmental report from the field visits that will
form the basis for assessment of environmental performance.

During operational phase: The local authority should be responsible form on it or in and management of
all indirect impacts occurring in the project area. The following table illustrates the different stakeholders
and their monitoring responsibilities and reporting.
PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTIO

9. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

9.1 Conclusion

The proposed project will provide a new and conducive workplace to promote an effective and efficient
work environment for Real Estate Construction and will therefore address the current demand for
unemployment in Gelan Guda sub city during construction and operational phase. The activities for which
the proposed development is intended are compatible with the neighborhood. The project has been planned
in full cognizance and in conformity to the requirements of the government. The project is an
environmentally low risk project and thus poses no significant threat to the environmental aspects of the
area. The negative and positive environmental impacts from the implementation of the proposed project
have been identified. Appropriate mitigation measures, management and monitoring plan have been
designed to address the identified negative impacts during construction, operation and decommissioning
phases.

10.2 Recommendations

The proponent and contractor are advised to implement the Environmental and Social Management and
monitoring Plan, so as to reduce adverse impacts and boost good Environmental practices. Guidelines on
environment, health and safety must also be followed in order to reduce incidences of accidents, health
problems and compromise to environmental wellbeing. Recommendations for the prevention and mitigation
of adverse impacts are as follows: -

 Needs to give attention to green belt development.

 Ensure that worker’s occupational health and safety standards are maintained through capacity
building, proper training, and providing protective clothing.
 The proponent/contractor should ensure that the proposed management plan is fully implemented.
 Heavy construction activities should be limited (or avoided) during the rainy season to minimize the
chances of soil degradation (soil erosion). Maintenance activities must be carried out in service bay to reduce
chances of oils or grease or other maintenance materials, from coming into contact with environment (water
or soil).
 Construction activities must be undertaken only during the day i.e. between 08:00 hours to
17:00hours. This will minimize disturbance to the general public within the proximity of the project site.

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 All solid waste materials and debris resulting from construction activities must be disposed offsite
to approve dumpsites. There should be proper waste segregation to allow for recycling. Some excavation
waste such as stone materials should be used for backfilling.
 There is need for workers’ awareness creation on the environmental management issues.
 Once the buildings are completed and fully occupied, the proponent should engage services of waste
management companies registered by the regulatory authority in compliance with Environment
Management and Coordination (Solid Waste) Proclamation No. 513/2007.
 A complete firefighting system must be provided after completion of the project. This must be
installed or provided at strategic points.
 During decommissioning phase of the project, the contractor should adopt the method of selective
demolition as far as practicable. This will enable the demolition and removal of wastes of the same category
on eat a time thus facilitates recycling of wastes for beneficial reuse, and minimizing the burden on
dumpsites.

References

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PATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR ERAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTIO

1. Promoter; Kebede GemechuPlc Tadese, the owner of IjooIlternational Hotel, Senaf Hotel and Nursery
to high Real Estate Construction , former lecturer at Addis Ababa University.
2. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 1/1995.Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
3. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1996), Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
4. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1997), Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
5. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (2000), Guideline Document: Environmental Assessment
and Management; EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
6. Ethiopian Central Statistics Authority, 2007
7. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2002), Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation.
Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
8. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation.
Proclamation No. 299/2002. Addis Ababa.
9. FDRE EPA, 2003. Guideline for reviewing environmental impact study reports (final drafts), Addis
Ababa.
10. National Meteorology Agency, the climate information for the Project Area (2017)
11. MEDAC/EPA (1997). The conservation strategies of Ethiopia, Vlume1. The resource base, its
utilization and planning for sustainability, Addis Ababa.
12. Provisional standard for industrial pollution control in Ethiopia.
13. RGO, 2002b. Regulation for the establishment of Addis Ababa city Environmental Protection Authority.
14. Zemene Muche, investigation on engineering properties of soil in Akaki-kality sub city, Addiss Ababa,
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, February, 2019.)

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