INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY ADVANCED RESEARCH TRENDS
ISSN : 2349-7408
VOLUME IV, ISSUE 1(1) JANUARY, 2017
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE
PATCH ANTENNA AT 2.4Ghz FREQUENCY
M. KISHORE KUMAR
Associate Professor Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College
JNT University Kakinada Andhra Pradesh, India
P. PRASANTH SAI
Student of Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College
JNT University Kakinada Andhra Pradesh, India
JYOTHI PUSHPA
Student of Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College
JNT University Kakinada Andhra pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
In this paper, design of single, slitted and array square shaped patch
antenna at 2.4GHz for wireless applications are presented. This paper demonstrate
the analysis of various shapes of micro strip square patch antennas for wireless and
mobile applications. The proposed design is well utilized in future mini and small
satellites also.The advantage of Square patch is that it can be easily fabricated and
simplicity in modeling as well as impedance matching. These antennas are designed
and simulated by using HFSS simulation software.In this design consider RT Duroid
(ℇr=2.2) as a substrate. Finally compare the antenna parameters such as Return
losses, Gain, Radiation Pattern, VSWR.
Keywords – Square patch antenna, Slitted antenna, square patch antenna array, RT
Duroid, operating frequency is 2.4GHz
I. INTRODUCTION
Micro strip patch antenna is very popular in wireless application and satellites
because of ease in fabrication, planar design, mechanical reliability and mass
production. The advantages of micro strip antennas are that they are low-cost,
conformable, lightweight and low profile, while both linear and circular polarization
can be achieved. The low profile, light weight and printed antennas are most suitable
for satellite[1] and mobile applications. The conducting patch can take any shape, but
rectangular configuration is the most commonly used configurations.
Limitations for micro strip antenna suffer from a number of disadvantages as
compared to conventional antennas. They are low bandwidth, low efficiency and low-
gain antennas with low power handling capacity. In this paper, design a square shaped
patch antenna arrays is presented. Specifically, four element micro strip patch antenna
array shape is designed. Moreover, this design is simulated using HFSS (High
Frequency Structure Simulation) software. Based on simulation results, comparison
for different shapes of patch antenna parameters are achieved.
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ISSN : 2349-7408
VOLUME IV, ISSUE 1(1) JANUARY, 2017
II. INDENTATIONS AND EQUATIONS
The Mobile Communication Systems uses the frequency range from 2100-5600
MHz Hence the antenna designed must be able to operate in this frequency range. The
operating frequency selected for my design is 2.4 GHz. The dielectric material selected for
our design is RT Duroid which has a dielectric constant of 2.2. A substrate with a low
dielectric constant has been selected since it increases the gain parameter. The height of
the dielectric substrate is selected as 1.5 mm. The operating frequency of micro-strip
antenna and the size of the radiation patch can be similar to the following formulas. The
proposed design is very much useful in small, and mini satellites
Calculation of the Width (W):
𝑪
W=
ℇ𝐫+ 𝟏
𝟐𝒇𝐨√
𝟐
Where, c is the free space velocity of light
Calculation of Effective dielectric constant (reff):
ℇ𝒓 +𝟏 ℇ𝒓 −𝟏 𝒉 𝟏
reff = 𝟐
+ 𝟐
[𝟏 + 𝟏𝟐 𝒘]𝟐
Where
ℇreff = Effective dielectric constant
ℇr = Dielectric constant substrate
H = Height of dielectric substrate
W = width of the patch
Calculation of actual length of patch (L):
L = Leff - 2L
ΔL is the extended length.
Calculation of the ground plane dimensions (Lg and Wg):
Lg = 6h+ L
Wg = 6h+ W
III. Figures and tables
3.1 Square patch antenna design
The antenna is designed for the resonance frequency of 2.4GHz. There are 4
micro strip patch antennas connected with coaxial probe feed in the form of array.
Fig 3.1shows the geometry of conventional rectangular micro strip antenna. The
designed antenna mainly contains Substrate ,Micro Strip Patch antenna, Ground
Plane, Air Box and Virtual Radiation Box. The coordinate axis is taken at the center
of the patch or substrate.
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ISSN : 2349-7408
VOLUME IV, ISSUE 1(1) JANUARY, 2017
Fig3.1: The geometry of the proposed square shaped micro strip patch antenna
The simulation results of square patch antenna design are shown in below figures
3.1.1 3D Gain Total
The following fig 3.1.1 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array in 3D for Rogers
RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.3931dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.1.1 3D Gain Total for Rogers RT/duriod 5880
3.1.2 Gain Total:
The following fig 3.3 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array in 2D for Rogers
RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.3931dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.1.2:Gain Total for Rogers RT/duriod 5880
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3.1.3 VSWR:
The followoing Fig 3.1.3 shows the VSWR of an square antenna for Rogers
RT/duriod Material and the value of VSWR is given by 2.43dB.
Fig 3.1.3: VSWR in dB for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.1 4. Directivity
The following fig 3.1 4 shows the directivity of the square antenna of
RogersRT/duriod material is given by 7.5252dB.
Fig 3.1 4: Directivty for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.1. 5 Radiation Pattern
Fig 3.1. 5 shows the radiation pattern for gain for Rogers RT/duriod substrate for
Phi=00 and Phi=900 is 7.3931 dB.
Fig3.1. 5: Radiation pattern for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.1.6 Return loss
Fig 3.7 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency. Plot Rogers RT/duriod
resonates at 2.4GHz which achieves a return loss -17.119dB.
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Fig 3.1.6: Return loss for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.2 Slitted Square Patch Antenna:
The equal slits at the edge of the square patch antenna is designed for the resonance
frequency of 2.4GHz with probe feeding technique. the Fig 3.2.shows the geometry of
equal slitted square micro strip antenna.The designed antenna mainly contains
Substrate,MicroStrip Patch antenna, Ground Plane, Air Box and Virtual Radiation Box.
The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate.
Fig 3.2: Shows the geometry of the proposed equal slitted square shape micro strip
patch antenna
The equally edge slitted square patch antenna simulation results are as follows
3.2.1: 3D Gain Total
The following fig 3.2.1 Shows the Total Gain of slittted antenna in 3D for
Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.42dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.2.1: 3D Gain Total for Rogers RT/Duriod 5880
3.2.2 Gain Total:
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The following fig 3.2.2 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array in 2D for Rogers
RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.42dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.2.2: Gain total for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.2.3 VSWR in dB:
The followoing Fig 3.2.3 shows the VSWR of an slitted square antenna for
Rogers RT/duriod Material and the value of VSWR is given by4.30dB.
Fig 3.2.3: VSWR in dB for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.2.4 Directivity
The following fig 3.2.4 shows the directivity of RogersRT/Duriod material for
Phi=00 and Phi=900 is given by 7.5548dB.
Fig 3.2.4 : Directivty for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.2.5 Radiation Pattern
Fig 3.2.5 shows the gain of Rogers RT/Duriod substrate Phi=00 and Phi=900 is
7.42dB.
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Fig 3.2.5: Radiation pattern for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.2.6 Return loss
Fig 3.2. 6 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency. Plot Rogers
RT/duriod resonates at 2.4GHz which achieves a return loss -12.296dB.
Fig 3.2. 6 : Return loss for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.3 Four element square patch array antenna design
The antenna is designed for the resonance frequency of 2.4GHz.There are 4 square
micro strip patch antennas connected with coaxial probe feed in the form of array .Fig
3.3 shows the geometry of conventional rectangular micro strip antenna. The designed
antenna mainly contains Substrate, Micro strip patch antenna,Ground Plane and
Radiation Box. The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate.
Fig 3.3: Shows the geometry of the proposed four element square micro strip
antenna in HFSS
Four element square patch array antenna design simulations results are as follows
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VOLUME IV, ISSUE 1(1) JANUARY, 2017
3.3.1 Gain Total
The following fig 3.3.1 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array for Rogers RT/Duriod
Material and the value is given by 9.22dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.3.1 : 2D Gain Total for Rogers RT/duriod 5880.
3.3.2: 3D Gain :
The following fig3.3.2 Shows the Total Gain of slittted antenna in 3D for Rogers
RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 9.22dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900
Fig 3.3.2:3D Gain for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.3.3 VSWR in dB
The followoing Fig 3.3.3 shows the VSWR of an Antenna array for Rogers
RT/duriod Material and the value of VSWR is given by21.677dB.
Fig3.3.3: VSWR in db for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.3.4 Directivity
The following fig3.3.4 Shows the directivity of the antenna array of Rogers
RT/duriod material Phi=00 and Phi=900 is given by 9.884dB.
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Fig 3.3.4 : Directivty for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880
3.3.5 Radiation Pattern
The following Fig 3.3.5 Shows the Radiation Pattern of Antenna for RT Duroid
material and the value of Gain is given by 9.22dB.
Fig3.3.5: Radiation pattern for RT Duroid
3.3.6 Return loss
Fig 3.3.6 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency. Plot Rogers RT/duriod
resonates at 2.25GHz which achieves a return loss -1.4361dB.
Fig3.3.6: Return losses for RT Duroid
All the above figures represents the simulation results of various designs and
these simulation results are given in below table
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Table: 3.1 Comparison of square patch, equal slitted patch and 4-Element square
patch Antenna Array results
The gain of slitted square patch antenna is slightly larger than the single square patch but
more gain in four element array design similarly the directivity also. The disadvantage is
in return loss These types of antennas especially used in small satellite applications[1].
IV. Conclusion
Thus, a square micro strip patch antenna array using Rogers RT Duroid has been
designed, simulated, optimized and analyzed using HFSS (High Frequency Structure
Simulator) software version 13. The results showing that the antenna can be operated
at 2.4 GHz frequency for Rogers RT Duroid substrate. The result of square array has
an improvement when compared to the square and slitted micro strip patch antennas
and radiation pattern is also being improved to a large extent using patch antenna
characteristics. This array especially used for linear polarization, all S-band
application, military and other communication applications.
V. Future Scope
1. The square micro strip patch antenna array was successfully implemented.
There are little advancement that can be made as per current requirements and
further implementation is also possible by using different dielectric constants
and different shapes.
2. The antenna design was completed by using probe feed method. This can be
further improved by using other methods of feeding also.
3. With this improvement micro strip patch antennas can be used in various other
applications. This will be very useful in other areas of communication like
global position services. Since micro strip patch antennas can provide dual and
circular polarizations, dual-frequency operation, frequency agility, broad band-
width, feed line flexibility, beam scanning Omni directional patterning.
4. The proposed design can be further developed in order to enable tracking
system and other advanced application.
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