Introduction PLUMBING IS the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures & other apparatuses in buildings & for bringing the supply, liquids, substances _ &/or ingredients & removing them; | from the Latin p/umbum for lead as pipes Were Once made from lead. refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution of potable water and the removal of LS waterborne wastes. (lrg (00) 0)Introduction - history TICE OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES "City Ordinance 2411 known as “The Plumbing Code for the Y) Gity of Manila’ was enacted with the consultation of 'NAMPAP "In 1954, the 3 Congress of the Republic of the Philippines ‘approved after the third reading House Bill No. 962. This “became Republic Act No. 1378. Gf June 28, 1955, R.A. 1378 known as the “Plumbing Code of ‘the Philippines was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay. ) in December 21, 1999 pursuant t Section 4 of R.A. 1378, _ Joseph Ejercito Estrada approved the Revised Plumbing “Code of 1999. (yg 00) ee sag)Introduction - history TICE OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES " Birth of plumbing profession traced back to the 17% century ‘as Spaniards established Walled City known as Intramuros ‘as a model community. In 1902, the PLUMBING TRADE was duly recognized by the eer r Plumber John F. Hass became the 1* Chief of Division '6f Plumbing Construction and Construction. A plumbing code "based on the Plumbing Code of the US was incorporated into ‘the Building Code for the City of Manila. 5) In 1935 the National Master Plumbers Association of the "Philippines (NAMPAP) was organized and registered with the SEC. Q2Z—-OZEr VvPlumbing System - Fundamentals 1BING SYSTEM ‘System includes all potable water supply and distribution ‘pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary and ‘storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders ‘and downspouts; and all building drains and sewers, including their respective joints and connections; “devices, receptacles, and appurtenances within the /property; water lines in the premises; potable, tap, hot “and chilled water piping; potable water treating or using ‘equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for same. p00) agPlumbing System - Fundamentals MBING CYLE DISTRIBUTION “Pressure, Piping Networks © Water Mains, Storage Tanks TREATMENT || DISPOSAL Sanitary and Storm Sewers Sewage Plants, Natural Purification @) 74 = to) x (E IP 40) Plumbing Fixtures COLLEC Gravity, I Piping Networks Ire WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION = SYSTEM _ Smr~@ V5” (yWater Supply and Distribution System INITION ir S water from the water source, street main or a ip to the building and to various points in the ding at which water is used. ™y COLD WATER SUPPLY 1) HOT WATER SUPPLY ) plays an important part in the plumbing system ) “Universal Solvent” QO2Z—-OZ Er VvWater Supply and Distribution System ‘Collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and Stored in cisterns or ponds. ADVANTAGE © Water is soft & pure and is suitable for the hot water supply system DISADVANTAGE © Only a source during the wet season © Storage becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes © Roofs may not be clean QO2Z—-OZ Er VUQO2Z2—-OS Er v Water Supply and Distribution System 3 MAJOR STAGES: The natural water cycle EVAPORATION Cee, 6S CONDENSATION PRECIPITATIONWater Supply and Distribution System ‘Collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and Stored in cisterns or ponds. ADVANTAGE © Water is soft & pure and is suitable for the hot water supply system DISADVANTAGE © Only a source during the wet season © Storage becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes © Roofs may not be clean QO2Z—-OZ Er VUWater Supply and Distribution System ES OF WATER D WATER portion of the rainwater which has percolated into the earth to underground deposits called aquifers (water- bearing soil ation). Springs and wells and is the principal source of water for nsstic use in most rural areas. ADVANTAGE © Usually has an abundant supply; © requires less treatment because of natural filtering. DISADVANTAGE © May have organic matter & chemical elements usually treatment is suggested. Q2Z—-OSZ Er VvWater Supply and Distribution System CES OF WATER SURFACE WATER | Amixture of surface run-off and ground water. Surface sources includes rivers, lakes, ponds and impounding reservoirs. ADVANTAGE © Usually easy to acquire and in large quantities. © Used for irrigation, industrial purposes and, when treated, for community water supply. DISADVANTAGE © Contains a large amounts of bacteria, organic, & inorganic substances; Purification & treatment is necessary. Q2Z2Z—-O5 Er VvWater Supply and Distribution =S OF WATER IAL USES TATIONAL USES "ORNAMENTAL ELEMENT QO2Z—-OSZ Er v "PROTECTIVE USESWater Supply and Distribution System STORAGE FOR DOMESTIC USE IEAD TANK/ GRAVITY SUPPLY TANK “Does not have any pressure concerns “but relies on gravity to supply water to fixtures below. Use in overhead feed system =) fl. U M B | N ic)Water Supply and Distribution System Usually built of reinforced concrete ‘underground and connected with a pump. ‘TIC WATER TANK “Used in the air pressure system and often used with a pump. ‘Make use of pressure relieve valve to ifelease excess pressure if necessary =) fl. U M B | N ic)Water Supply and Distribution System HOT WATER TANK | Range Boiler _ Small hot water tank (30-60 cm diameter; 180cm max length) __ Made of galvanized steel sheet, ‘copper or stainless steel |) Standard working pressure limit is 85 to 150 psi | Storage Boiler Large hot water tank (60-130 cm __ indiameter; 5m max length) — Made of heavy duty material Sheets applied with rust proof paint _ Standard working pressure limit is 65 to 100 psi. Q2Z—-OS Er vWater Supply and Distribution System TER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Water service pipe, water distribution pipes, and the necessary “connecting pipes, fittings, control valves and all appurtenances in or acent to the structure or premises. ‘OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ICE PIPE "The pipe from the water main or other source of potable water supply | to the water distribution system of the building served. R METER Device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that ‘Passes through the water service. RIBUTION PIPE/ SUPPLY PIPE ‘Apipe within the structure or on the premises which conveys water from the water service pipe or meter to the point of utilization 2 (lg (00) 0Water Supply and Distribution System A water supply pipe that extends one full story or more to convey " Water to branches or to a group of fixtures. "The water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe & the water _ distributing pipe. QO2Z2—-OSZ Er vvWater Supply and Distribution System ) WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM =S OF WATER DISTRIBUTION _ DIRECT (UPFEED) INDIRECT - Down feed or Gravity System - Hydro pneumatic System ( Air Pressure System) (UPFEED) Water is provided by the city water companies using normal ire from public water main Q2Z2—-O5 Er vWater Supply and Distribution System |) OF THE HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS tion of water r rises on its own & need any pump for economical circulating of unused hot water =) fl. U M B | N GWater Supply and Distribution System S OF THE HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS ad and Gravity Return System pipe system) distribution is =) IL. 1) 1) B | N G Of the buildingWater Supply and Distribution System |) OF THE HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS =) fb. U M B | N GBuilding Services DRAINAGE SYSTEMTHE DRAINAGE SYSTEM DRAINAGE- A drainage system in urban and industrial areas is a facility to dispose off the liquid waste.WHY DO WE NEED A DRAINAGE SYSTEM..?? IT CONTAINS HARMFUL BACTERIA: These can cause diseases and it hence becomes a health hazard. IT CONTAINS SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND CHEMICALS: These affect the environment. IT STINKS: If we release waste water directly into the environment, things get smelly very fast.DRAINAGE PROCESS Drainage process consist of collection of waste water then processing it and then disposal of this processed water. Waste water is collected from wash basin, kitchen sink, bathroom and W.C whenever you take a bath or wash your hands or utensils from there the drainage part starts as how it travels from your home to the treatment system and finally to the sea . Waste water from wash basin, kitchen sink and bathroom is drained through a pipe from your home to gully chamber.TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 1. COMBINED SYSTEMS 2. SEPARATE SYSTEMS1. COMBINED SYSTEM This uses a single drain to convey both foul water from sanitary appliances and rainwater from roofs and other surfaces to a shared sewer. The system is economical to install, but the processing costs at the sewage treatment plant are high. Ce RCE2. SEPARATE SYSTEM *This has foul water from the sanitary appliances conveyed in a foul water drain to a foul water sewer. +The rainwater from roofs and other surfaces is conveyed in a surface water drain into a surface water sewer. This system is relatively expensive to install. eee eSCONVENTIONAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS 1. SEPTIC TANKS 2. CESPOOLS 3. LAGOONS 4. SOAK PITS 5S. AQUA PRIVY1. SEPTIC TANK Drain fielet Gravel or Vent pipekie) fer _ crushedINTRODUCTION * The septic tank is a key component of the septic system, a small treatment system. * itis a watertight chamber made of:WORKING AND PRINCIPLE Ground Level Septic Tank Outlet Pipe to Leaching AreaWORKING OF A SEPTIC TANK Wastewater flows from the home to the septic tank through the sewer pipe. The septic tank treats the wastewater naturally by holding it in the tank long enough for solids and liquids to separate. Anaerobic decomposition of settled sludge occurs in the closed tank. Three processes are involved: Oisedimentation ODigestion tank Ostorage of digested sludgeEON Pree nirciy - Can be built and repaired with locally = Low reduction in pathogens, solids and organics. - Long service life. - Effluent and sludge require secondary treatment and/or appropriate discharge. - No real problems with flies or odours if used - Requires constant source of water. correctly - Low capital costs, moderate operating costs depending on water and emptying. - Small land area required. - No electrical energy required.MAINTENANCE OF A SEPTIC TANK Septic Tanks should be watertight The levels of the scum and sludge should be monitored The sludge should be removed annually using a vacuum truck Not to discharge harsh chemicals into the Septic TankDIAGRAM SHOWING A 2-SECTION SEPTIC TANK Inlet Sani Inlet from. Outlet to Leach Field House f — C— —> Liquid Effluent Sent Sass