SS 1

SUBJECT: PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

SCHEME OF WORK
Week 1: Philosophy of education: (a) Principles and philosophies of founding fathers
(b) Changes in concept of physical Education.
Week 2: Concept of the whole man: (a) Unitary nature of man (b) Education of the
physical and Education through the physical.
Week 3: Physical Education Ideologies: (a) Nationalism and Patriotism in Physical
Education and sport.(b) National ideologies.
Week 4: Recreation: ( a) Definitions (b) Benefits of recreation (c) Differences among
recreation, rest and leisure.
Week 5: Intramural and Extramural activities: (a) Definitions (b) Intramural activities
(c) Extramural activities (d) Types of tournament (e) Rules and
regulations/officiating in sports.
Week 6: Traditional Physical Education and sports in Nigeria: a) origin of traditional
sports in Nigeria (b) Types of Traditional sports (c) Values of Traditional sports.
Week 7: National Sports Championships: (a) National championship: organization
and administration (b) Types of national championships: (i) National championship
organized by different sports associations.
Week 8: National sports championship Continued: (ii) National championships
organized by corporate organizations (iii) National Championships organized by
Nigeria School Sports Federation (NSSF) (c) The National Sports Festival.
Week 9: Institution Sports: (a) The Nigeria Universities Games (NUGA) (b) The
Nigeria Polytechnic Games (NIPOGA) (c) Nigeria Advance Teachers Colleges of
Education Games(NATCEGA) .
Week 10: Revision.
Examination.

WEEK: 1
DATE:
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL EDUCATION
TOPIC: PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Definitions:
Philosophy of Physical Education: There is the search for knowledge and ideas that
formulate aim and objectives of any endeavour.
Principles: these are the guiding forces toward achieving goals. People who develop
and follow these principles are called philosophers. The first to formulate such ideas
are called founding fathers.
The followings are the founding fathers of physical education all over . Examples
are;
 a. Johann Bernhard Basedow: He founded an institute called
philantropinum to perpetuate the study of physical education with a
curriculum made up of dancing, wrestling, jumping, swimming and
matching.
b. Johann Christian Guts Muths: He wrote two books ‘Gymnastics for the
young’ and ‘ games’. He introduce apparatus to the teaching and
learning of physical education.
c. Fredrick Ludwing Jahn: He founded ‘Tunverine’ movement, he improved on
the ideas of Gut Muth and Formulated the idea of improvement.
d. Adolph Spieces: He felt that physical education was necessary for
everybody and therefore made it compulsory in schools to be handled
for one hour.
e. Per HenrickLing: He designed strengthening exercises, simple apparatus
walk, Fencing and Vault.
f. Fredrick Ling: He was the inventor of medical gymnastics and
gymnastics specially designed for girls. He fought for the introduction of
physical education at all level of education in Sweden.
g. John Dewey: He postulated that physical is by doing .This means that
physical Education is by participating in practical’s to achieve the
expected aims and goals.
h. Harding James Ekperigin: He is the father of physical education in
Nigeria he dedicated himself to practical sports and scholarly study he is
the first professionally trained Nigeria in physical and Health Education.
i. Professor M.O Ajisafe: He successfully canvassed for the adaption of a
syllabus that will have a bearing with the Nigerian background to replace the
British government 1933 syllabus. He is the first Nigerian curricular except in
physical education who claimed the committee that drafted the West African
Examination Council Syllabus.

Changing Concept of Physical Education

A. Physical Education in Ancient Greece:

Origin: Traced back to prehistoric times; aimed to improve bodily health, strength,
and discipline the mind.

Education in Greece:

Gymnastics were practiced in the palaestra from the age

of 7. Ancient Greek civilization dates back to the 7th

century BC (700 BC).

City-States:
Greece consisted of several independent and often hostile City-States like Sparta,
Athens, Thebes, and Corinth.

Beliefs and Objectives:

i. Physical education aimed to develop the "Man of Action" (physically and
intellectually).

ii. Activities were designed to produce qualities needed in soldiers at

war (e.g., strength, endurance, agility, bravery, courage).

iii.Physical education and music were regarded as essential:

iv. Physical education (or "Gymnastics") for the body.

v.Music as nourishment for the soul.

vi. Gymnastics was believed to promote courage and a good body shape.

B. Modern Concept of Physical Education:

Terminology: Today, physical education is referred to as:

i. Human Kinetics

ii. Physical Training

iii.Human Body and Exercise

Modern Objectives:

i. Preservation of cultural heritage

ii.Body fitness and health

iii.Economic stability

iv. Earning a living

v.Promoting peace and harmony

vi. National recognition