Essay questions

1. Routes of drug administration - their merits and demerits with suitable examples
2. Factors modifying drug action.
3. Classify drugs acting on cholinergic receptors. Discuss the pharmacological
actions, uses and toxicity of atropine.
4. Classify sympathomimetics. Write the pharmacological action and adverse
effects of epinephrine.
5. Classify sympathomimetic amines. Add a note on mechanism of action of
dopamine and its role in the therapy.
6. Classify symptoms imtics. Write the pharmacological action of Epinephrine on
cardiovascular system. Mention the uses of epinephrine.
7. Discuss briefly the pharmacology of B - adrenigic blockers. Enumerates any, 3 B
- blockers and write their uses adverse effects and precautions during use.
8. Classify muscarinic receptor antagonists write in brief the pharmacological
action and therapeutics uses of atropine.
9. Classify drugs used in the treatment of hypertension. Write the pharmacological
actions, uses and adverse effects of ACE inhibitors (Antigotensin Converting
Enzymes inhibitors)
10. Classify skeletal muscle relaxants. Discuss the pharmacological actions and
uses of d - Tubocurarine.
11. Classify skeletal muscle relaxants. Write the mechanism of action, uses and
adverse effects of Succinyl choline.
12. Classify general aesthetics. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of ether
anesthesia. Compare ether with nitrous oxide.
13. Define bio - availability. Discuss the various factors which
affect bio-availability
of an administered drug.
14. Classify hypnotics. Explain pharmacological actions, uses and adverse effects of
phenobarbitone.
15. Classify antiepiliptic drugs. Discuss mechanism of action toxicity and uses of
diphenyl hydantoin
16. Classify antiepileptic drugs. Discuss mechanism of action and adverse effects of
any two drugs used in grandmal epilepsy.
17. Classify antipsychotic drugs/classify drugs used in treatment
of psychiatric disorders. Describe pharmacological actions,
uses and adverse effects of chlorpromazine.
18. Classify opium alkaloids. Discuss mechanism of action and adverse effects of
morphine.
19. Enumerate the drugs used as NSAIDs. Discuss in detail the pharmacological
actions, therapeutics uses and adverse effects of any three of them.
20. Classify drugs used in treatment of congestive cardiac failure
discuss the pharmacology of any one major group.
21. What are the drugs causing arrhythmics & discuss the drug treatment in cardiac
arrhythmics.
22. Classify drugs used in treatment of angina pectoris ? Write mechanism of action
and adverse effects of Nitrates.
23. Classify drugs used in treatment of hypertension. Write the mechanism of action
and adverse effects of methyldopa.
24. Classify antihypertensive drugs giving suitable examples. Write the mechanism
of action, adverse effects and uses of Ramipril.
25. Classify diuretics. Describe pharmacological action, uses, and toxicities of
thiazide diuretics.
26. Classify antithyroid drugs. Explain, the mode of action &
advantages and disadvantages of each
27. Mention various preparations of insulin. Describe merits and demerits.
28. Classify oral hypoglycemic drugs. Write their mechanism of
action, therapeutic uses & adverse effects.
29. Mention oral hypoglycemic drugs. Write their mechanism
of action. Therapeutic indications of tolbutamide.
30. Enlist Hypoglycemic agents. Write the mechanism of action,
pharmacological actions and adverse effects of any one oral hypoglycemic agent.
31. Define bioavailability. Discuss the various factors which affect bio-availability of
an administered drug.
32. What are oral contraceptives. Describe their mode of action,
limitations of their clinical use
33. Enumerate types of female oral contraceptive pills. Mention the adverse effects
of combined pills.
34. Mention the different ergot alkaloids. Describe their function and uses
35. Enumerate floroquinolones. Write their mechanism of action, antimicrobial
spectrum their uses and adverse effects.
36. Classify flouroquinolones. Write the mechanism of action
therapeutics uses and adverse effects of ciprofloxacian.
37. Classify pencillins. Explain advantages of ampicillin over pencillinG. Write
adverse effects of pencillinG and its management
38. Enumerate all the pencillin preparations including the semisynthetic one.
Mention the line of treatment in a pencillin reaction
39. Classify penicillin preparations. Write the mechanism of action, uses and
adverse effects of Ampicillin
40. Classify Beta - lactum antibiotics. Explain the mechanism of action adverse
effects of Benzyl Penicillin.
41. Why tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under 5 yrs.
42. Classify broad spectrum antibiotics. Add a note on oxycycline
43. Tetracyclines - Therapeutic indications & side effects.
44. Tetracyclines are contraindicated in pediatric age group.
45. Mechanism of action of cbmiphene cirate
46. Explain why in pneumococcal infection pencillin& tetracycline shall not be
combine in therapy
47. Adverse effects of tetracyclines.
48. Enumerate aminoglycoside antibiotics. Discuss their general pharmacological
properties & antimicrobial spectrum. Write therapeutic uses and adverse effects
of Gentamicin.
49. Classify and enumerate the drugs used in treatment of gram negative infections
50. Enumerate the macrolide group of antibiotics. Write the mechanism of action,
antibacterial spectrum and uses of anyone of them. Add a note on the newer
macrolides.
51. Classify drug used in UTI. Discuss their merits & demerits
52. Classify the antitubercular drugs and explain the mechanism of action, toxic
effects of main drugs.
53. Classify drugs used in the treatment of malaria. Write briefly on the suppressive
agents used in malaria.
54. Enumerate the antimalarial drugs giving suitable examples.Write the
mechanism of action and adverse effects ofChloroquine. Add a note on the newer
approaches to treat malaria.
55. Classify the drugs used in treatment of amebiasis.Discuss their
pharmacological action, adverse effects and therapeuticuses
56. Classify antihelmintic drugs and write treatment of roundworm and hookworm
infections.
57. Classify antimetabilites. Write mechanism of action of anyone
antimetabilite. Explain the therapeutic cases and adverse effects
of anyone antimetabolite
58. Classify Drugs used in management of Bronchial Asthma, based on mechanisms
of Action. List the indications for use, routes of administration and unwanted
effects of Salbutamol. Mention the special devices available for inhalation of
drugs in Asthma.
59. Classify the drugs used in peptic ulcer. Explain the mechanism of action of each
one of them, indicating their therapeutic utility
60. Classify purgatives. Explain mechanism of action of each one of them giving
their therapeutic uses.
Shorts & Very Short questions
1. Definition of pharmacology.
2. Write the factors modifying drugaction
3. Definition of pharmacodynamics.
4. Definition of pharmacokinetics.
5. Various routes of drug administration.
6. Transdermal drugs.
7. Inhalation - merits, demerits.
8. Parental route - definition, two examples.
9. Intravenous route - advantage, disadvantages.
10. New drug delivery system.
11. Advantages and disadvantages of intravenous route of drug administration
12. Mechanism by which drugs are absorbed through membrane and factors
affecting it.
13. Bioavailability definition.
14. Volume of distribution of drug.
15. Clinical implication of plasma protein binding of drugs - give
suitable example.
16. Biotransformation with examples.
17. Types of chemical changes in biotransformation of drug and give two examples.
18. Prodrug - definition and examples.
19. Microsomal enzyme induction.
21. Various sources of excretion of drug and suitable examples.
22. Plasma half life - its clinical significance.
23. Methods of prolongation of drug action. Clinical relevance of microsomal enzyme
induction.
24. Pharmakokinetic drug interation
25. Therpaeutic index.
26. Drug receptors.
27. Combined Effects of Drugs :Synergism
28. Define drug 'synergis'. Give two useful types of synergism with suitable examples.
29. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions
30. Antagonism - types, examples.
31. Define drug synergism and drug antagonism.
32. Factors modifying drug action.
33. Methods to calculate dose in children.
34. Pharmacogenetics
35. Drug tolerance.
36. Tachyphylaxis
37. Selective toxicity.
38. Adrenaline in anaphylaxis.
39. Pharmacopied
40. Sources of drugs.
41. Vegetable sources of drugs.
42. What is up regulation & down regulation of receptor's give example.
43. Essential drug concept.
44. Pharmaconigilance
45. Pharmacological basis of carbachol, acetazolamide.
46. Physostigmine - mode of action, uses.
47. Physostigmine is preferred to Neostigmine in the treatment
of acute atrophine poisoning. Give reasons.
48. Neostigimine -mechanism of action and indications.
49. Neostigmine (Reversible anticholinesterases) uses and adverse effects.
50. Enumerate few points to differentiate physostigmine and neostigimine.
51. Miotics.
52. Mention the reason for combination of atropine with neostigmine in treatment of
myastheniagravis.
53. Therapy of Myasthenic Crisis.
54. What are organ phosphorus compounds - describe treatment of poisoning.
55.Combination of atropine and oxime in organo phosphorus poisoning.
55. Oximes.
56. Pralidoxime - indications and basis for use.
57. Pyridostigmine.
58. Mechanis of action and therapeutic uses of neostigmine.
59. Atropine sulphate - mode of action and uses.
60. Synthetic atropine substitutes.
61. Mydriatic with cydoplegic action.
62. Two contraindications for the use of Atropine. Explain the rationale
63. Mention four synthetic atropine substitute used in parkinson
64. Describe Dale's vasomotor reversal. Classify sympathomimetic drugs according to
their mechanism of action.
65. State reasons - Dopamine is preferred to Noradrenaline in circulatory
66. Dopamine, Dopamine given by slow IV drip.bez pt inactivated by
67. Ephedrine - mode of action, uses
68. Phenylephrine- indications. M1- agonist Salbutamol / Terbutaline (By stimulants).
70. Uses of By agonist / B agonist.
›Pharmacological basis of administering lignocaine with
adrenaline.
71. Adrenaline in anaphylaxis.
72. Enumerate the nasal decongestants. Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of
any one of them.
73. Write the pharmacological basis of using dopamine in cardiogenic shock.
74. Four therapeutic uses of adrenatine.
75. a Adrenergic blocking agents.
76. Prazosin - Mechanism of action, uses and unwanted effects.
77. Prazosin - Two cases and precaution to be taken during its use
78. Indication of prazosin and its adverse effects.
79. Uses of phenoxybenzamine and proponolol in preoperative preparation of patient
with pheochromocutoma,
80. Uses of a -adrenergic blockers
81. Therapeutics uses and adverse effects of both blacker&- blockers - adverse
effects/propronol is contraindicated in child with bronchial asthma
82. B -blockers - classification uses/propronol used as antihypertensive.
83. Advantages of atenolon over Propranolol.
84. Drugs used in glaucoma.
85. d- Tubocurarine - pharmacological action, side effect Succinylcholine - Indications,
mode of action.
86. Mechanism of action succinyl choline.Compared d - TC with succinylcholine.
87. Pancuronium.
88. Difference between Pancuronium and succinylcholine.
89. What is dontrolene sodium ? Mention its uses. Mechanism of action and
therapeutic uses of dentrolene.
90. Classification of local anaesthetics, add a note
91. Name four surface anaesthetics.
92. Procaine.
93. Lidocaine (lignocaine)
94. Pharmacological basis of administration of lignociane with adrenaline.
95. Mepyramine maleate.
96. Astemizole in allergic rhinitis.
97. Therapeutic uses of antihistamines.
98. Difference between loratidine and promethazine. Basis for their use in therapy.
99. Mechanism of action of sumatriptan
100. Enumerate seratonin antagonists, write their therapeutic uses Respecidine,
cyproheptide, Ondaretion a con apiario,letanseine
101. Cyproheptadine.
102. Difference between loratidine and promethazine. Basis for their use in therapy
103. Two advantages of loratidine over Diphenhydramine adverse effects.
104. Pharmacological basis of using ACE inhibitors in hypertension ,What is losartan ?
Mention the theraptutics
105. Properties of an ideal anesthetic. Write any 2 which satisfy
106. most of them propopol
Nitrous oxide.
107. Ether - merits, demerits.
108. Advantages and disadvantages of nitrous oxide as general andesthetic.
109. Halothane.
110. Intravenous general aesthetics.
111. Thiopentone sodium - merits
112. Advantages and disadvantages of intravenous route of drug administration
113. Ketamine.
114. Pregnesthetic medication.
115. Diazepam and atropine in preanesthetic medication.
116. Reason for combination of atropine and morphine in preanesthetic
medication.
117. What is propofol ? Mention its clinical
118. Disulfiram used in alcohol therapy explain.
119. Methyl alcohol poisoning.
120. Role of ethyl alcohol in methyl alcohol poisoning.
120. Role of ethyl alcohol in methyl alcohol poisoning.
121. Explain why ethyl alcohol cannot be used as general anesthesia though a CNS
depressant.
122. Rationale of using ethyl alcohol in methyl alcohol poisoning.
123. Acute barbiturate
124. Benzodiazepines.
125. Advantages of bendodiaz over barbiturant
126. Five points of differences between Diazepam.
127. Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of diazepam.Indications of diazepam.
128. Uses of diazepam and treatment of overdose.
129. Adverse effects of Clonazepam.
130. Phenytoin.
131. Carbamazepine - indications for use, precautions and unwanted effects.
132. Mechanism of action and two uses of Diphenyl hydantoin.
133. Carbamazepine - mechanism of action and two uses.
134. Valproic acid (Sodium valproate). Mechanism of action.
135. Pharmacological basis of therapeutic use of valproic acid in absence seizures.
136. Mention four drugs used in absence seizure (petit mal epilepsy)
137. Clonazepam - uses, adverse effects.
138. Newer antiepileptic drugs. Mechanism of action of diethy| carbamazine
139. Drug treatment of status epileptics. Write two uses and two side effects
140. Enumerate two classes of drugs used in Parkinsonism Levodopa is not useful in
Drug induced Parkinsonism.
141. White two drugs including parkinsonism and two drugs used
Thiazides
142. What do you mean on-off phenomenon during Levodopa therapy in
Parkinsonism ? Add a note on drug induced Parkinsonism.
143. Mention four newer drugs used in treatment of Parkinsonism.
144. Mention four synthetic atropine substitute used in parkinsonism.
145. Pharmacological basis for the combination of L-Dopa and carbidopa.
146. Write selegline? Mention its therapeutic uses Phenothiazines.
147. Toxic effects of chlorpromazine/chlorpromazine induced parkinsonism-management
148. Antidepressants.
149. Newer antidepressants.
150. Precautions in long run use of Lithium carbonate.
151. Write factors modifying drug action.
152. Selective seratonion Treatment of Morphine poisoning.
153. Two uses and two adverse effects of of morphine.Contraindications of morphine/
morphine contraindicated in head injuries/bronchial asthma. Compare and contrast
morphine and pethidine.
154. Morphine use in myocardial infarction.
155. Naloxone.
156. Uses of prostaglandins
157. Asprin (salicylates) - action, therapeutic uses, contraindications.
158. Rationale of using asprin in myocardial infarction.
159. Cyclooxygenase - Il inhibitor.
160. Diclofenac - mechanism of action and uses.
161. Mechanism of action of suma Triptan.
162. How does valdecoxib differ from Ibuprofen ? Basis for their uses
163, Therapeutics uses and adverse effects of aspirin.
164. Glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis
165. Pharmacotherapy of gout.
166. Allopurinol.
167. Allopurinol - Write one harmful drug interaction
168. Nikethamide.
169. Pharmacological basis for combining the caffeine and
ergotamine in migraine
170. Enlist drugs used for migraine. Mechanism of action of two drugs acting by
different mechanism
171. Drug used in congestive cardiac failure and methi.
172. Name two cardiac glycosides in clinical use. What is there mechanism of action.
173. Pharmacological actions of cardiac glycosides.
174. Pharmacokinetics of digoxin (digitoxin, ouabain).
175. Uses of digoxin.
176. Digitalization - Definition.
177. Rationale of using of digoxin in atrial fibrillation
178. Adverse effects of digitoxin.
179. Angiostension antagonists.
180. Losartan
181. Therapeutics
182. Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs.
183. Mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic drugs.
184. Lignocaine as antiarrhythmic agent.
185. Nicorandle
186. Compare digitoxin, quinidine as antiarrhythmic drug.
187. Rationale of using of digoxin in atrial fibrillation.
188. Name four potassium channel openers. Amiodarone.
189. Write the pharmacological basis & using verapmilin supraventricular tachycardia.
190. Verapamil.
191. Glyceryl trinitrate (Nitroglycerine) / Explain pharmacological basis for using
nitrates in angina pectoris.
192. Calcium channel blockers.
193. Pharmacological basis of using verapamil in supraventricular
tachycardia.
194. Nifedipine - Mechanism of action with two indications for use.
195. Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of amlodipine.Drug therapy in
myocardial infarction - role of each drug.
196. Write two uses of nitrates with rational.
197. Role of Nitrates in Cyanide poisoning.
198. Classify antihypertensive drugs.
199. Furosemide -----site, mechanism of action and adverse effects
200. Rationale of using enalapril as antihypertensive.
201. Amlodipine.
202. Propronalol-antihypertensive actions and adverse effect.
203. Clonidine.
204. Methyldopa.
205. Hydralazine - mechanism faction, side effects.
206. Common drug interactions of guanethidine.
207. Give reason for rise of blood pressure when clonidine is abruptly stopped.
208. Write the advantages of atenolol over propranol.
209. Classify diuretics.
210. High ceiling/loop diuretics or Furosemide
211. Bumetanide.
212. Hudrochlorthiazide or Thiazide.
213. Two uses & two adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide.
214. Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Furosemide,
215. Acetazolamide.
216 Mechanism of action therapeutics uses of acetazolamide
217 Pharmacological basis of using acetazolamide in glaucoma
218 Potassium sparing diuretics
219 Potassium sparing diuretics.
220 Triamterene.
221 Mannitol - Two indications for use with Basis for use
222 Reasons for using furosemide with spironolactone
223 Mention four therapeutics uses of thiazide and related diuretics
224 The mechanism of action of mannitol as a diuretic. What are
225 Other therapeutic uses of mannitol.
226. Therapeutics uses and adverse effect of chorthiazide.
227 Mention two therapeutic uses of mannitol with routeof administration
228 Desmopressin.
229 Pharmacological action and clinics uses of aminodrane.
230 State a drug of choice and explain its rationale of therapy of
231 shock in peripheral circulatory failure.
232 Write the pharmacological basis & using dopamine in cariogenic shock
233 What is plasma expander ? Give two examples.
234 Advantages & disadvantages of Intravenous route
235 Treatment of phenobarbitone poisoning.
236 Name four selective serotonine reuptake inhabitor
237 What is zero order kinetics ? Give one examples.
238 Microsomal enzyme induction.
239 Redistribution of Drugs.
240 Mention any two examples of Teratogenic Drugs and their effects.
241 What do you mean by latrogenic disease? Given an example.
242 Name four drugs used in hypertensive emergency.
243 Bromocriptine
244 Mode of action of antithyroid drugs.
245 Classify antithyroid drugs. Add a note on radioactive iodine.
246 Carbimazole
247 Lugol's lodine is given 1 - 2 weeks prior to subtotal
248 thyroidectomy
249 Role of iodides in thyroid disorders
250 Radioactive iodine 2 4 6
251 Mention two advantages and disadvantages of radio active
iodine
252 Mechanism of action of insulin, name two preparations.
253 Lente Insulin
254 Drug treatment of ketoacidotic diabetic coma.
255 Newer Insulins.
256 Define the term "Human insulins"- Why are they called so?
257 Mention two advantages over other insulins.
258 Drugs used in diabetes mellitus.
259 Sulfonvlurea
260 Enlist oral antidiabetic drugs. Mechanism of action and adverse effects of any one
of them.
261 Mechanism of action and adverse effect of salfonylureas Glibenclamide,
262 Insulin resistance.
263 Indications of oral antidiabetic drugs.
264 Enumerate the newer insulin preparations. Advantages over conventional insulin
preparation.
265 List newer insulins.
266 Draw cyclopentano phanethrene ring. Name four drug which contain this drugs.
267 Enumerate natural & synthetic glucorticoids. Add a note on their therapeutic uses.
268 Uses of dexamethasone.
269 Glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis.
270 Four uses of prednisolone
271 Adverse effects and limitations of glucocorticoids.
272 Adrenocortico steroid therapy is stopped only after tapering dose
273 "Steroid Card" Which patients are issued this card? Why?
274 List all the information it contains.
275 Non - endocrine uses of Prednisolone.
276 Name therapeutic uses and adverse effects of
277 Glucocorticoids - therapeutic uses and adverse effects.
278 Uses of androgens
279 Anabolic steroids.
280 Danazol
281 Antiestrogens
282 Estrogen antagonists and mechanism of action and adverse effects of any one of
them
283 Why clomifen citrate is used in female infertility.
284 Tamoxifen used in breast cancer.
285 Mifepristone - uses and mechanism of action.
286 Oral contraceptive.
287 Estrogen and progestin combined as oral contraceptives
288 Write the rationale of using estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptive pill.
289 Enlist the adverse effects of ostrogens.
290. Adverse effects of oral contraceptives.
291 Mis pristone
292 Mechanism of action of clomiphene citrate.
293 What is tarnoxifen ? Mention one use
294 What is mifepristone? Mention two uses
295 Rationale of using Estrogens in carcinoma of prostate
296 Name two estrogen preperations and their two uses
297 Selective estrogen receptor modulator.
298 Sildenofil
299 Mention two uterine stimulants with routes of administration.
300 Two drugs used in induction of labour - side effects.
301 Mention two uterine stimulants and two therapeutic uses of them.
302 Action of oxytocin on uterus and breast/oxytocin is used for induction of labour.
303 Mechanism of action & one use of Methyl ergometrine
304 Oxytocin is used for induction of labours.
305 Ergometrine - actions, indications, & route of administration
306 Ergotamine used in postpartum hemorrhage.
307 Uterine relaxants (Tocolytics)/Uses of By agonists
308 Tocolytic drugs.
309 Mention two tocolytic drugs and two therapeutic uses of them.
310 Calcitonin
311 Vitamin D
312 Drug therapy of rickets
313 Radioactive phosphorous.
314 Drug therapy of Addisons anemia.
315 Bacterial resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
316 SULFONAMIDES, COTRIMOXAZOLE
317 Sulfonamides are not effective in presence of pus.
319 Contrimoxazole - Mechanism of action and adverse effects.
320 Rationale of combination of two drugs in cotrimoxazole, write one use.
321 Give reason for combination of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim.
322 Why Clomiphene is used in anovulatory infertility.
323 Quinolones
324 PencillinG (Benzyl pencillin)
325 Different preparations of pencillin - their advantages.
326 Repository pencillins
327 Jerisch - Herxheimer reaction.
328 Enumerate semisynthetic pencillins.
329 Ampicillin.
330 Amoxicillin.
331 Carbenicillin
333 Cephalosporins
334. List four differences between Cephalexin and Ceftriaxone.
335 Name third generation cephalosporins.
336 Why tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under 5 yrs
337 Classify broad spectrum antibiotics. Add a note on oxycycline
338 Tetracyclines - Therapeutic indications & side effects.
339 Tetracyclines are contraindicated in pediatric age group.
340 Mechanism of action of cbmiphene cirate
341 Explain why in pneumococcal infection pencillin& tetracycline shall not be
combine in therapy
342 Adverse effects of tetracyclines.
343 CHLORAMPHERICOL
344 Adverse effects of chloramphenicol
345. Occurrence of gray baby syndrome with chloramphenicol
346 Drug treatment of typhoid.
347 Toxicity of aminoglycosides
348 streptomycin - advantages & disadvantages.
349 Gentamicin - Therapeutic indications & adverse effects
350 Neomycin - antibacterial
351 General pharmacological properties of aminolycoside antibiotics
352 Erythromycin
353 Clarithromycine
354 Mention the drugs used in UTI.
355 Discuss chemotherapy of tuberculosis.
356 Mention two Uterine Stimulants and two Bronchial asthma
357 Rationale of using pyridoxine with INH.
358 Basis for isoniazid preferred in treatment of Tb meningitis
359 Rifampicin - mechanism of action, therapeutic uses.
360 Mention two adverse effects and two uses of Rifampicin.
361 Why streptomycin not used alone in treatment of
pulmonary Tb.
362 Streptomycin - advantages, disadvantages.
363 Short term chemotherapy of Tuberculosis - agents used, duration and advantages
over standard regiments. Give details of one short term regimen.
364 Write briefly about primary & secondary chemoprophylaxis against tuberculosis &
add a note on BCG vaccine.
365 Dapsone
366 Clofazamine/Clofazamine used in lepra reaction.
367 Multidrug therapy of leprosy
368 Mechanism of action and adverse effect of dupsone
369 List four topical antifungal drugs.
370 Antifungal antibiotics (polyene antibiotics)
371 Amphotericin B
372 Griseofuloin
373 Clotrimazole
374 Fluconazole
375 Intraconazole - spectrum of action and uses
376 Mechanism of action of and adverse effects of zidovudine."
377 Idoxuridine
378, Interferons
379 Acuclovir
380 Protease inhibitor
381 Name four drugs used in HIV infection.
382 Classify clinically & chemically antimalarial drugs.
383. Treatment of acute malaria due to plasmodium vivax
384 Treatment of chloroquin resistant malaria.
385 Drugs used for resistant falciparum malaria.
386 Chloroquin therapeutic uses.
387 Explain pharmacological basis for chloroquin and
primaquin used in acute vivax malaria.
388 Pyrimethamine/
389 Rationale of combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine in malaria
390 Sulfadiazine is combined with pyrimethamine
(Pharmacological basis of using primaquine in malaria.
391 Drugs used for resistant falciparum malaria.
392 Classify drugs used in amoebiasis.
393 Metronidazole.
394 Metronidazole - spectrum of action and uses
395 Explain chloroquine is used only in hepatic and not in intestinal amoebiasis.
396 Explain pharrnacological basis for Diloxanide furoate used in chronic intestinal
amoebiasis.
397 Treatment of acute amoebic dysentery.
398 Treatment of roundworm infestation.
399 Treatment of ancylostomiasis with anemia.
400 Treatment of pinworm infestation in adult.
401 Treatment of filariasis.
402 Treatment of tapeworm infestation - drug of choice and dosage schedule
403 Albenadazole
404 Diethyl carbamazine - mechanism of action, uses
405 Niclosamide
406 Alkylating agent.
407 Important precautions during long-term use of cyclophosphamide in Hodgkin's
disease?
408 Mesa administered with cyclophosphamide
409 Methotrexate
410 Explain occurrence of megaloblastic anemia with methotrexate
411 Methotrexate used in ALL
412 Mercaptopurine/Antipurine
413 Fluorouracil (5 -FU)
414 Alkaloids used in treatment of malignancy/Vincristine
415 L-asparaginase
416 Hormones used as anticancer drugs.
417 Drugs used in pheochromocytoma
418 Name two purine antagonists) Mention two uses.
419 Therapeutics use and adverse effect of methatrexate.
420 Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of methotrexate
421 Anticancer antibiotics
422 Neto ny 2in dame fouranibipics used im cancer.
423 Expectorants / cough suppressant
424 Antitussive
425 - Cough suppressant.
426 Bronchodilator/ B -agonist
427 Terbutaline in asthma.
428 Pharmacological basis of combining salbutamol with theophylline in bronchial
asthma.
429 Rationale of using cromolyn sodium in therapeutic.
430 Mechanism of action & uses of Disodium crom
431 Mention two mast cells stabilizers used in therapy and two uses of them.
432 Drug therapy during acute attack of asthma
433 Treatment of status asthmaticus.
434 Role of corticosteroides in the R bronchial asthma
435 Mucolvtics
436 Mention four inhalation steroids used in Bronchial asthma.
437 Beclametharme, ciclosonide,
438 fluticasino
439 Theophylline
440 Montelukast.
441 Absorption, distribution, excretion of oral iron preparations
442 Iron preparations - adverse effects.
443 Indications for parental use of iron
444 Mention two parenteral iron preparation and two therapeutic uses of them.
445 Hemopoietic growth factor
446 Treatment of iron poisoning.
447 Folic acid.
448 Heparin - mechanism of action and adverse effects, and treatment of overdose.
449 Coumarin derivatives why diocoumaral has a delayed onset a very long duration
of action.
450 Compare heparin and dicumarol
451 Pharmacological basis for therapeutic uses of warfarin in coronary thrombosis.
452 Mechanism of action and treatment of overdose of warfarin
453 Difference between heparin and warfarin.
454 Streptokinase
455 Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of streptokinase.
456 Streptokinase mechanism of action and toxicities/
457 Fibrinolytic agents -Ex., mechanisms and uses.
458 Mention the drugs used as thrombolytics. Write the indications
459 Name two antiplatelet drugs. Mechanism of action
460 Fibrinolytic agents - Examples, mechanisms & uses
461 Name four antiplatelet
462 Mechanism of action of oval anticoagulants.
463 Mention two antifibrinolytic drugs and two uses of them.
464 Fibric acid derivatives in atherosclerosis
465 Clofibrate
466 Plasma expanders
467 What is plasma expander ? Give two examples.
468 Mechanism of action and pattern of lipid lowering effect of important
hypolipidemic drugs.
469 Anti secretory drugs in acid peptic disease
470 Enumerate drugs used in peptic ulcer add a note on Cimetidine.
471 (H2-Antihistamines)
472 Ranitidine in peptic ulcer, write dose, route of administration
473 Proton pump inhibitors
474 Name the proton pump inhibitors. Mechanism of action and adverse effects of
any one of them
475 Omeprazole is used in peptic ulcer.
476 Pantoprazole
477 Pirenzepine in peptic ulcer
478 Nonsystemic antacids.
479 , Compare aluminum hydroxide with sodium bicarbonate
480 Magnesium trisilicate
481 Carbenoxolone sodium
482 Uses and mechanism of action of Lansoprazole
483 Two drugs useful in acid peptic disease. Give reasons for their use.
484 Advantages of ranitidine over cimetide.
485 Advantages of preferring ranitidine over cimetidine in peptic ulcer
486 Antiemetics unconsions patients
487 Write the mechanism of action for two antiemetic drugs each acting by different
mechanism
488 State reasons - Chlorpromazine is an anti-emetic, but it is not useful in motion
sickness.
489 Prokinetics & Prokinetic agents.
490 Metoclopromide/pro kentic agents
491 Domperidone and advantage over metaclopramideidia
492 What is domperidone ? Mention two uses.name on Opioid antagonist. Mention its
two uses
493 Protese inhibitors
494 Classification of laxatives
495 Liquid paraffin
496 Compare castor oil with liquid paraffin
497 Irritant purgatives
498 Saline purgatives
499 Osmotic purgatives
500 Magnesium sulfate
501 Immunosuppressants
502 Glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis
503 Mechanism of action of uses of cyclosporine.
504 Potassium permanganate
505 Define a chelating agent and uses of two different chelating agents
506 Name two chelating agents. Write their uses.
507 Deferiprone - Mechanism of action and one use.
508 Dimercaprol
509 Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA)
510 Penicillamine
511 selecodeema
512 cheonie lad direne
513 Wilson discase
514 Desferrioxamine
515 Quadraple
516 Night blindness
517 Triple Thiaminetherapy
518 Domeprazole
519 Riboflavin
520 Niacin
521 hancoprarole
522 clarkthromyein
523 Amoricuin
524 Treatment of H. Pylori infection.
528 vaccine - definition, sera hyperimmunisers inhibilors
529 BCG vaccine
530 Poliomyelitis vaccine
531 taclamase
532 Immunisation schedule of child
533 carbapenemes
534 Amibiotis in anoerobicimfections, PenicilUna
535 Name four complications of spinal anaesthesia.
536 Vitamin C
557 Two uses of pencillamine with rationale