PAPER: 17GEO23CL1

A SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY SARAHAN, KULLU

HIMACHAL PRADESH
FIELD WORK
M.A. GEOGRAPHY [FINAL III rd SEM.]
SESSION 2024-25

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

GOVT.COLLEGE SAMPLA, ROHTAK

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mrs. Nidhi / Mr. Anil NAME- SAHIL

{Dept. of Geography } Roll no: 2232667010

GROUP PHOTO
 CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENT
LIST OF TABLE
LIST OF FIGURES

SR.NO CHAPTER TITLE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE SYUDY AREA

3. AGRICULTURE AND CULTURAL

ACTIVITIES

4. ANAYLISIS & DISCUSSION

5. FINDING THE STUDY AREA

 TABLE
 LITERACY AND PERCENTAGE (%) AMONG SURVEYED
HOUSEHOLDS

 AGE AND SEX WISE PYRAMID OF SURVEYED

HOUSEHOLDS IN SARAHAN

 CHILD SEX RATIO OF SARAHAN

 COMMON PROBLEMS OF SARAHAN VILLAGE

FIGURES

 LITERACY AND PERCENTAGE (%) AMONG SURVEYED

HOUSEHOLDS

 AGE AND SEX WISE PYRAMID OF SURVEYED

HOUSEHOLDS IN SARAHAN

 CHILD SEX RATIO OF SARAHAN

 COMMON PROBLEMS OF SARAHAN VILLAGE

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work educated A Socio

Economic Survey of VILLAGE SARAHAN,
DISTRICT KULLU, HIMACHAL PRADESH is a
piece of work completed under my supervision
during the academic session 2024-25. This work
is suitable for submission

Mrs.NIDHI Mam / Mr. ANIL Sir

(Assistant Professor)
Department of Geography
Govt. College Sampla, Rohtak
 CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Socio –Economic status is commonly conceptualized as the Social
standing or class of an individual or group. It is often measured as a
combination of education, income and occupation. Socio –Economic,
also known as social economics , is the social science that studies
how economics activity affects and is shaped by social progress
,stagnate, or regress because of their local or regional economy or
the global economy .
This Socio –Economic status is an economic and sociological
combined total measure of a person’s work experience and of an
individual’s family economic and social position in relation to other
,based on income, education and occupation. Socio- Economic status
is typically broken into three categories i.e .high socio –economic
status and lower economic status in order to describe an individual
Family, Society or Village. Any one or all of the three variables
(income, Education and Occupation ) can be assessed while placing
and family or individuals into one of these categories.

Concept and Definition:

Society is a group involved in persistent social interaction on a social
large social grouping , sharing the same geographical and society
territory with common prevailing culture and also subject to the
political authority
 CHAPTER II
THE STUDY AREA
Sarahan village located in the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh
state India . The Geographical coordinates Latitude approximatey
31.7159 ⃘ North and Longitude approximately 77.2528 ⃘ East . This
village is famous for its natural beauty and tranquil environment

LOCATION MAP
 SARAHAN VILLAGE
SURVEY AREA

TEMPERATURE:
1. Summer (April to June):
Temperature Range: 10°C to 25°C
The weather is pleasant, making it an ideal time for tourism. Cool
breezes prevail, and the natural beauty is at its peak.
2. Monsoon (July to September):
Temperature Range: 12°C to 20°C
Moderate to heavy rainfall occurs, making the region lush and green.
Landslides may affect road connectivity during this period
3. Autumn (October to November):
Temperature Range: 8°C to 18°C
Clear skies and mild weather dominate. This is a great time for
trekking and enjoying the scenic beauty.
4. Winter (December to March):
Temperature Range: -5°C to 10°C
Sarahan experiences cold winters with occasional snowfall,
especially in January and February. The area becomes a snowy
retreat during this time.
These conditions may vary slightly each year, so checking the local
forecast before visiting is recommended.

RAINFALL
Rainfall Overview:
Annual Rainfall: Approximately 1000 mm to 1500 mm (varies
yearly).
- *Peak Rainy Season:* July and August.
- The monsoon brings lush greenery to the region, but heavy rains
can sometimes lead to landslides, affecting connectivity.
Impact of Rainfall: The area becomes exceptionally scenic, with
vibrant flora and cascading waterfalls. Tourists are advised to be
cautious of road conditions and plan trips accordingly during the
monsoon. For accurate and real-time data, local weather updates
should be consulted.
RELIEF & NATURAL VEGETATION

Relief of Sarahan Village

Sarahan village, located in Himachal Pradesh, is situated in the
Himalayan foothills at an altitude of approximately 2,313 meters
(7,589 feet) above sea level. It is known for its:
1. Mountainous Terrain:
- The village is surrounded by rugged mountains with steep slopes,
providing breathtaking views of the Himalayan range.The Sutlej
River flows nearby, carving deep valleys and contributing to the
diverse topography.
2. Climate Influence: The elevation influences a temperate climate,
with cold winters and mild summers
3. Fertile Soil:
The soil in the valleys supports agriculture and vegetation, while
the higher slopes are rocky.

Natural Vegetation of Sarahan

Sarahan's vegetation reflects its Himalayan location and altitude,
characterized by:

1. Forest Cover:
Dense forests of *pine, deodar (cedar), oak, fir, and spruce*
dominate the region. These coniferous forests are crucial for
maintaining the ecological balance.
2. Alpine Vegetation:
- At higher altitudes, you can find alpine meadows with hardy
grasses and shrubs.
3. Orchards and Agricultural Crop
- The area is known for apple orchards, along with crops like
barley, wheat, and vegetables in the fertile valleys.
4. Flora and Fauna:
- The region boasts a rich diversity of wildflowers during spring
and summer, along with wildlife such as Himalayan monals,
pheasants, and occasional sightings of leopards and black bears.
The natural beauty and biodiversity make Sarahan a vital ecological
zone and a popular destination for nature lovers.
 CHAPTER III
AGRICULTURE AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

AGRICULTURE HOUSE

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY COSTUME ( PATTU DRESS)

AGRICULTURE
1. Main crops: Cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and maize are
grown in Sarahan. Apart from this, horticulture is also of great
importance, in which apple, pear and peach are the major crops.
2. Terrace farming: Terraced farms are built on the slopes of hilly
areas. This method helps in preventing soil erosion and conserving
water.
3. Organic farming: The farmers of the village depend on
traditional and organic farming. They use natural manure and
traditional techniques, thereby maintaining soil fertility.
4. Gardening: Sarahan’s cool climate is ideal for gardening. Apple
orchards are the main source of income for the farmers here.
5.Animal Husbandry: Along with agriculture, animal husbandry is
also important. Cows, sheep and goats are reared here, which are
useful for milk, organic fertilizers and farming.
CULTURE
Religious and Spiritual Practices:

Raghunath Temple (Kullu): The Raghunath Temple is one of the

most important religious sites in Kullu. It is dedicated to Lord
Raghunath and is a center of devotion for locals and pilgrims alike.
Festivals: Kullu celebrates major festivals like Dussehra, Diwali,
Baisakhi, and Lohri. The Kullu Dussehra is famous for its
grandeur, where a large procession of deities from various villages
marches through the town.

 Kullu Dussehra Fair: The most iconic cultural event in Kullu, the
Kullu Dussehra is celebrated with great enthusiasm, with people
 from all over the region coming together. It includes a massive
procession of deities, folk dances, and performances of local
rituals.
 Traditional Music and Dance:
 Folk Music and Instruments: Traditional Kullu folk music
includes instruments such as the nagma, dhol, flute, and shehnai.
These instruments are essential during festivals, rituals, and
weddings.
 Folk Songs: Storytelling through folk songs remains a key feature
of Kullu culture, with songs celebrating local legends, nature, and
village life.

Handicrafts and Weaving:

 Kullu Shawls: One of Kullu’s famous exports is its handwoven

Kullu shawls, known for their colorful patterns and quality. The
region’s weaving tradition is a key cultural activity passed down
through generations.
 Wood Carving and Metalwork: The Kullu region is also known
for its wood carving, which is reflected in the architecture of
temples and homes, as well as in decorative and functional items
like wooden boxes, utensils, and furniture.

Cultural Events and Fairs:

 Kullu Dussehra Fair: The Kullu Dussehra is one of the biggest
cultural events in Himachal Pradesh. Held for over a week, it
involves the procession of idols from different temples, along with
performances of folk dances and musical events.
 Phulaich Fair: Celebrated in the neighboring villages, this fair is
marked by a gathering of people from Kullu and surrounding
areas, where they celebrate the harvest season with music, dancing,
and sharing food.
 CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

Socio-Economics status is a sociological and economic combined

total measure of a person Experience, occupational dignity and of an
individual.Families, Society’s or village economic and social position
in relation to others ,based on income, education and occupation
.When analyzing a family socio-economic status the households
income,earners education and occupation are examined while status
of a village generally based on three factors which are
1.Education
2.Occupation
3.Agriculture
Land Holiding Here this chapter attempts to socio economic status
of place Sarahan ,Kullu by analyzing the competency of village on
above three factors. Education plays an important role in acquiring
money as it increase with each level of education .Education plays a
major role in acquiring jobs as well as specific qualities. Generally
highest degrees i.e. Professional,technical and doctorals degrees
make the highest weekly. As per Respondents total 8 problems were
found common by villagers out of them three were found significant
as consists combined 50% share of total problems are
1. Landslides and natural disasters
- Due to the hilly terrain of the area and heavy rains, landslides often
occur.
It disrupts roads and transportation, causing hardships to villagers
2. Road and transport problems

- The roads to reach the village are narrow and in poor condition. Road
blockage is a common problem during the rainy season.

3. Lack of health facilities

- There are no facilities like primary health center or hospital in the

village. In case of any emergency, villagers have to go to distant towns.

4. Education related problems

Due to lack of facilities for higher education, children have to go to

other places. Lack of modern resources and teachers is seen in schools.
 LITERACY AND PERCENTAGE (%) AMONG SURVEYED
HOUSEHOLDS

LITERACY OVERALL MALE LITERACY FEMALE

LITERACY RATE RATE LITERACY RATE
Literate 108 56 52
Illiterate 22 7 15

100%
22 7
90% 15
80%
70%
60%
50%
108 56
40% 52
30%
20%
10%
0%
OVERALL MALE FEMALE
LITERACY LITERACY LITERACY
RATE RATE RATE

LITERATE ILLITERATE
 AGE AND SEX WISE PYRAMID OF SURVEYED
HOUSEHOLDS IN SARAHAN

AGE GROUP MALE FEMALE

0-18 17 22
19-59 27 39
60 ABOVE 7 3

45

40

35

30

25
MALE
20
FEMALE
15

10

0
0-18 19-59 60 Above
 CHILD SEX RATIO OF SARAHAN

AGE GROUP BOYS GIRLS

0-6 6 7

7.2

6.8

6.6

6.4

6.2

5.8

5.6

5.4
BOYS GIRLS
COMMON PROBLEMS OF SARAHAN VILLAGE

Problems of the Place and Percentage (%) of

Respondents

NATURAL
AGRICULTURE DISASTER
13% 9%

TRANSPORT
NETWORK 18%
16%

ELECTRICITY EDUCATION
7% 11%

WATER
5%

HOSPITAL
21%
 CHAPTER V
FINDING THE STUDY AREA

In the present study, it can be said that A Socio Economic

Survey has been conducted by the final year students of
Geography in Government College Sampla, Rohtak in village
Sarahan, Kullu district. We found that the village Sarahan is
different in many ways from the villages of Haryana state in
which the temperature here is found from 10 degree Celsius to
25 degree and the annual rainfall is found from 1000 mm to
1500 mm and the main festival of the people here is Dussehra
with great pomp is celebrated And this is the traditional dress of
local women called Pattu. Himalayan Views A wonderful view
of the snow covered peaks of the Himalayas can be seen from
here.Local Culture People here follow traditional Himachali
costumes and customs. The best time to visit Sarahan is between
March to June and September to November, when the
weather is pleasant
At the end: A beautiful village, which reflects the natural
beauty and cultural heritage of Himachal Pradesh. This village is
known for its lush green valleys, snow clad mountains and
peaceful environment. This village is an ideal place for nature
lovers, trekking enthusiasts and tourists seeking cultural
experience.
TEAM GROUP PHOTO
NAME – SAHIL , BADAL, PANKAJ, YOGESH,KAJAL