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भारतीय मानक IS 16270 : 2023

Indian Standard

सौर फोटोवोल्टीय अनुप्रयोग हेतु सैकेंडरी

सैल एवं बैटररय ाँ –– स म न्य अपेक्ष एं और
परीक्षण पद्धतत
( पहला पनु रीक्षण )

Secondary Cells and Batteries for

Solar Photovoltaic Application —
General Requirements and Methods
of Test
( First Revision )

ICS 27.160; 29.220.20

 BIS 2023

भारतीय मानक ब्यरू ो

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मार्ग, नई ददल्ली - 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI - 110002
www.bis.gov.in www.standardsbis.in

December 2023 Price Group 7

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Secondary Cells and Batteries Sectional Committee, ETD 11

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Secondary Cells and Batteries Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division
Council.
This standard gives general information relating to the requirements of secondary cells and batteries used in
photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) and to the typical methods of test used for the verification of the cell and
battery performances. This standard does not include specific information relating to battery sizing, method of
charge or PVES design.
This standard is applicable to all types of secondary cells and batteries presently being used in solar photovoltaic
application.
This standard was first published in the year 2014. This revision has been taken up to incorporate new battery
chemistries now being used in solar photovoltaic application as well as to incorporate experience gained during
implementation of the previous version. The major changes from previous version are as below:
a) Maximum charge current: I10 (A) in 4.3.3 a);
b) Inclusion of lithium battery type and other electro chemistries in Table 1 and Table 2;
c) Inclusion of standards for lithium cells and batteries in 7.2;
d) Inclusion of long duration capacity C120 in 8.1; and
e) Inclusion of capacity requirement of the rated capacity in 8.1.1.

Technical assistance has been taken from IEC 61427-1 : 2013 in the preparation of this standard.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shallbe rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 2022 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (second revision)’. The number of significant places retained
in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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IS 16270 : 2023

Indian Standard
SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES FOR SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION — GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS AND METHODS OF TEST
( First Revision )

1 SCOPE
photovoltaic energy systems are of the following
This standard specifies the requirements and tests types:
for secondary cells and batteries for use in a) vented (flooded);
photovoltaic energy systems (PVES).
b) valve-regulated, including those with
partial gas recombination; and
This standard does not include specific information
relating to battery sizing, method of charge or PVES c) gastight sealed.
design.
The cells and batteries are normally delivered in the
This standard is applicable to all types of secondary following state of charge:
cells and batteries used in solar photovoltaic a) discharged and drained (vented nickel-
applications. cadmium batteries only);
b) charged and filled;
2 REFERENCES
c) dry charged and unfilled (vented lead-acid
The standards listed in Annex A contain provisions batteries only); and
which, through reference in this text, constitute d) discharged and filled (nickel-cadmium
provisions of this standard. At the time of batteries only).
publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
standards are subject to revision, and parties to For optimum service life, the battery manufacturer’s
agreements based on this standard are encouraged to instructions for initial charge of the battery shall be
investigate the possibility of applying the most followed.
recent editions of these standards.
Other secondary cells and batteries such as based on
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS sodium or vanadium electrochemical systems can be
potentially used for such an application. Due to the
For the purpose of this standard, the terms and fact that they are in a phase of adaptation for a
definitions given in IS 1885 (Part 15) concerning possible use in PV systems, it is recommended that
secondary cells and batteries, and those given in their respective supplier be contacted for the
IS 12834 concerning photovoltaic generator necessary planning, test and operation details.
systems apply.
4.2.1 Material and Construction
4 CONDITIONS OF USE All the materials used in the manufacture of
secondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic
This clause specifies the particular operating system shall conform to the relevant Indian
conditions experienced by secondary cells and standard, if any.
batteries in photovoltaic applications during their use.
4.3 General Operating Conditions
4.1 Photovoltaic Energy System
Batteries in a typical PV system operating under
The photovoltaic energy system with secondary average site weather conditions may be subjected to
batteries referred to in this standard can supply a the following conditions:
constant, variable or intermittent energy to the
connected equipment (pumps, refrigerators, lighting 4.3.1 Autonomy Time
systems, communication systems etc).
The battery is designed to supply energy under
4.2 Secondary Cells and Batteries specified conditions for a period of time, typically
from 3 days to 15 days, with or without solar
Secondary cells and batteries mainly used in radiation.

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IS 16270 : 2023

When calculating the required battery capacity, the 20 percent of the rated capacity or less; and
following items should be considered, for example: b) Periods with high solar irradiation, for
a) Required daily/seasonal cycle (there may example in summer, which will bring the
be restrictions on the maximum depth of battery up to the fully charged condition,
discharge, DOD shall be limited to with the possibility that the battery could be
80 percent at the end of autonomy); overcharged.
b) Time required to access the site;
4.3.5 Period of High State of Charge
c) Aging;
d) Operating temperature; and During summer for example, the battery will be
e) Future expansion of the load. operated at a high state of charge (SOC), typically
between 80 percent and 100 percent of rated
4.3.2 Typical Charge and Discharge Currents capacity.

The typical charge and discharge currents are the A voltage regulator system normally limits the
following: maximum battery voltage during the recharge
period. When generation voltage exceeds beyond
a) maximum charge current: I10 (A); the limits, the controller should trip-off and
b) average charge current: I50 (A); and reconnect back as soon as the generation voltage
comes to normal range to avoid any delay in charge
c) average discharge current as determined by cycle. Charge and controller should be sized
the load: I120 (A).
accordingly to keep the battery and load always safe
and getting charged.
Depending on the system design, the charge and the
discharge current may vary in a wider range. NOTE — In a "self-regulated" PV system, the battery
voltage is not limited by a charge controller but by the
characteristics of the PV generator.
In some systems the load current must be supplied
at the same time as the battery charging current.
The system designer normally chooses the
NOTE — The following abbreviations are used: maximum charge voltage of the battery as a
compromise allowing to recover to a maximum state
a) Crt is the rated capacity declared by the manufacturer in of charge (SOC) as early as possible in the summer
ampere-hours (Ah);
season but without substantially overcharging the
b) t is the time base in hours (h) for which the rated capacity
is declared;
battery.
c) Irt = Crt/t; and
The overcharge increases the gas production
d) for nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium
resulting in water consumption in vented cells. In
battery systems Irt = Crt/ 1 h in this document corresponds
to It = C5/1 h.
valve-regulated lead-acid cells, the overcharge will
cause less water consumption and gas emission but
4.3.3 Daily Cycle more heat generation.

The battery is normally exposed to a daily cycle as Typically, the maximum charge voltage is 2.4 V per
follows: cell for lead-acid batteries and 1.55 V per cell for
vented nickel-cadmium batteries at the reference
a) Charging during daylight hours; and temperature specified by the manufacturer. Some
b) Discharging during night-time hours. regulators allow the battery voltage to exceed these
values for a short period as an equalizing or boost
A typical daily usage results in a discharge between charge. For the other batteries, the battery
2 percent and 20 percent of the battery capacity. manufacturers shall give the most adapted charge
voltage values. Charge voltage compensation shall
4.3.4 Seasonal Cycle be used according to the battery manufacturer
instructions if the battery operating temperature
The battery may be exposed to a seasonal cycle of deviates significantly from the reference
state of charge. This arises from varying average- temperature.
charging conditions as follows:
The expected lifetime of a battery in a PV system,
a) Periods with low solar irradiation, for even kept regularly at a high state of charge, may be
instance during rainy season/monsoon considerably less than the published life of the
season/winter causing low energy battery used under continuous float charge
production. The state of charge of the conditions.
battery (available capacity) can go down to

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IS 16270 : 2023

4.3.6 Period of Sustained Low State of Charge 4.3.8 Storage

During periods of low solar radiation, the energy Manufacturer’s recommendations for storage shall
produced by the photovoltaic array may not be be observed. In the absence of such information, the
sufficient to fully recharge the battery. The state of storage period may be estimated according to the
charge will then decrease and cycling will take place climatic conditions as shown in the Table 1.
at a low state of charge. The low solar irradiation on The exact limits of storage conditions are to be
the PV array may be a result of the geographical verified with the manufacturer.
location combined with the monsoon, snow periods,
heavy clouds, rains or accumulation of dust on Lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries with
photovoltaic array. electrolyte shall be stored starting from a state at full
charge.
4.3.7 Electrolyte Stratification
A loss of capacity may result from exposure of a
Electrolyte stratification may occur in lead-acid battery to high temperature and humidity during
batteries. In vented lead acid batteries, electrolyte storage.
stratification can be avoided by electrolyte agitation/
The temperature of a battery stored in a shipping
recirculation or periodic overcharge whilst in
container in direct sunlight, can rise to + 60 °C or
service. In valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA)
more in daytime. Choice of a shaded location or
batteries, electrolyte stratification can be avoided by
cooling should avoid this risk.
design or by operating them according to the
manufacturer’s instructions. 4.3.9 Operating Temperature

4.3.7.1 Specific gravity The temperature range during operation experienced

by the battery at the site is an important factor for
The specific gravity of electrolyte for flooded lead- the battery selection and the expected lifetime.
acid battery shall be 1.240 ± 0.005. This is specific
Manufacturers’ recommendations for operating
requirement for cells/batteries for SPV application
temperatures and humidity shall be observed. In the
and shall override all other requirements specified in
absence of such information, operating temperatures
any other standard.
and humidity may be those shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Limit Values for Storage Conditions of Batteries for Photovoltaic Applications
(Clause 4.3.8)
Sl No. Battery Type Temperature Range Humidity Storage Period for Batteries
°C Percent
With Electrolyte Without Electrolyte
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
i) Lead-acid − 20 to + 50 < 95 Up to 12 months 1 year to 2 years (dry
(depending of the charged)
design)
ii) Nickel- cadmiuma) − 20 to + 50 (standard electrolyte) < 95 Up to 6 months 1 year to 3 years (fully
b) − 40 to + 50 (high density electrolyte) discharged, drained
and sealed)
iii) Nickel-metal hydride − 40 to + 50 < 95 Up to 6 months N/A
iv) Lithium-ion − 20 to + 50 < 95 Up to 12 months N/A

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IS 16270 : 2023

Table 2 Limit Values for Operating Conditions of Batteries for Photovoltaic Applications
(Clause 4.3.9)

Sl No. Battery Type Temperature Range Humidity Percent

°C
(1) (2) (3) (4)

i) Lead-acid − 15 to + 50 < 95
ii) Nickel-cadmium (standard electrolyte) − 20 to + 50 < 95
iii) Nickel-cadmium (high density electrolyte) − 40 to + 50 < 95
iv) Nickel-metal hydride − 20 to + 50 < 95
v) Lithium-ion and other electro chemistries To be verified with the To be verified with the
battery manufacturer battery manufacturer
NOTES
1 1 The manufacturer should be consulted for operation at temperatures outside this range. Typically, the life expectancy of batteries
will decrease with increasing operating temperature.
2 2 Low temperature will reduce the discharge performance and the capacity of the batteries. For details, the manufacturer should
be consulted.

4.3.10 Charge Control 4.3.11 Physical Protection

Excessive overcharge does not increase the energy Physical protection shall be provided against
stored in the battery. Instead, overcharge affects the consequences of adverse site conditions, for
water consumption in vented batteries and example, against the effects of:
consequently the service interval. In addition, valve-
regulated lead-acid batteries may dry out resulting a) uneven distribution and extremes of
in a loss of capacity and/or overheating. temperature;
b) exposure to direct sunlight (UV radiation);
Overcharge can be controlled by the use of proper c) air-borne dust or sand;
charge controllers. Most non-aqueous systems, such
as lithium-ion batteries and similar, will not accept d) explosive atmospheres;
any overcharge without damage or safety problems. e) flooding, water vapour condensation and
Such batteries are normally supplied with a BMS sea water spray;
(battery management system) that prevents,
f) earthquakes; and
independently from its charge controller that such
overcharge happens. g) shock and vibration (particularly during
transportation).
The parameters of the regulator shall take into
account the effects of the PV generator design, the 5 GENERALREQUIREMENTS
load, the temperature and the limiting values for the
battery as recommended by the manufacturer. 5.1 Mechanical Endurance

Vented lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries Batteries for photovoltaic application shall be

including those with partial gas recombination shall designed to withstand mechanical stresses during
have sufficient electrolyte to cover at least the period normal transportation and handling taking in
between planned service visits. Overcharge in valve- account that PVES installations may be accessed via
regulated lead-acid batteries shall be carefully unpaved roads and installed by less qualified
controlled to be able to reach the expected service life. personnel. Additional packing or protection shall be
used for off-road conditions.
The water consumption is measured during the cycle
test and can be used together with the system’s Particular care shall be taken while handling
design information to estimate the electrolyte unpacked batteries and manufacturer’s instructions
service intervals. shall be observed.

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IS 16270 : 2023

In case of specific requirements regarding 5.4.3 The cells and batteries conforming to the
mechanical stresses, such as earthquakes, shock and requirements of this standard may be certified as per
vibration, these shall be individually specified or the conformity assessment schemes under the
referred to in a relevant standard. provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act,
2016 and the Rules and Regulations framed
5.2 Charge Efficiency thereunder, and the cells and batteries may be
marked with the Standard Mark.
The charge efficiency is the ratio between the
quantity of electricity delivered during the discharge 5.5 Safety
of a cell or battery and the quantity of electricity
necessary to restore the initial state of charge under Applicable local regulations and the manufacturer’s
specified conditions. instructions for procedure to be observed during
installation, commissioning, operation, taking out of
Where no data is available from the battery service, and disposal shall be followed.
manufacturer, the following efficiencies as given in
Table 3 may be assumed. 5.6 Documentation
NOTE — The quantity of electricity is expressed in
Ampere- hour (Ah). The manufacturer shall provide documentation for
transport, installation, commissioning, operation,
5.3 Deep Discharge Protection maintenance, decommissioning and disposal of such
cells and batteries for photovoltaic applications.
Lead-acid batteries shall be protected against deep
discharge so to avoid capacity loss due to The manufacturer shall advise if there are special
irreversible sulphation or passivation effect. This considerations to be observed for the initial charging
could be achieved by using a system that monitors of batteries when only the photovoltaic array is
the battery voltage and automatically disconnects available as the power source.
the battery before it reaches its maximum depth of
discharge (see manufacturer’s recommendations). 6 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Vented and partial gas recombination nickel- The following parameters need to be tested for
cadmium batteries do not normally require this type qualification of a cell/battery according to this
of protection. standard:
a) Rated capacity (see 8.1);
For the other types of batteries, the manufacturer’s
recommendations shall be followed. b) Endurance (see 8.2);
c) Charge retention (see 8.3);
5.4 Marking
d) Cycling endurance in photovoltaic
5.4.1 Cells or monobloc batteries shall follow the application (extreme conditions) (see 8.4);
instructions of the applicable standards defined in 7.2. e) Recovery from sulphation test (see 8.5);
and
5.4.2 For clear identification of secondary cells and
batteries as per their chemistry (electrochemical f) Water loss on float charge (see 8.6).
storage technology), marking of symbols shall be in
accordance with IEC 62902.

Table 3 Battery Ah Efficiency at Different State of Charge at the Reference Temperature and a Daily
Depth of Discharge of less than 20 Percent of the Rated Capacity
(Clause 5.2)
Sl No. State of Charge Efficiency Lead- Efficiency Nickel-Cadmium Efficiency Li-Ion Cells
(SOC) Acid Cells and Ni-MH Cells

Percent Percent Percent Percent

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
i) 90 > 85 > 80 >> 95 %
ii) 75 > 90 > 90 >> 95 %
iii) < 50 > 95 > 95 >> 95 %

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IS 16270 : 2023

7 GENERAL TESTCONDITIONS 1.00 V/cell (for Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries). In case
of long duration capacity test, the discharge duration
7.1 Accuracy of Measuring Instruments shall not be less than 120 h. For other batteries the
test shall be performed considering the
The accuracy of the measuring instruments shall be recommendation of manufacturer for C120 rated
in compliance with the relevant requirements of the capacity and the corresponding end voltage.
applicable standards listed in 7.2.
8.1.1 Requirement
The parameters and accuracy values shall be in
accordance with relevant clauses of the applicable For batteries and cells, the capacity (excluding long
standards listed in 7.2. duration capacity) shall not exceed 120 percent of
the rated capacity.
7.2 Standards to be Referred for Testing
8.2 Endurance Test
The test batteries shall be prepared according to the
The test samples shall be tested according to the
procedures defined in the following standards or, in
clauses, if any, of the applicable standards listed in 7.2.
their absence, according to the manufacturer’s
instructions: 8.2.1 As per the standards mentioned in 7.2.
a) IS 1651 and IS 13369 for stationary lead-
acid batteries (vented types); 8.3 Charge Retention Test
b) IS 15549 for stationary lead-acid batteries The test samples shall be tested according to the
(valve-regulated types); clauses, if any, of the applicable standards listed in 7.2.
c) IS 16220 (Part 1) for portable lead-acid
batteries (valve-regulated types); 8.3.1 As per the standards mentioned in 7.2.
d) IS 16049 sealed nickel-cadmium batteries;
8.4 Cycle Endurance in Photovoltaic
e) IS 10893 and IS 10918 for vented nickel- Application (Extreme Conditions)
cadmium batteries;
f) IS 15767 for nickel-cadmium prismatic 8.4.1 General
rechargeable single cells with partial gas
recombination; In photovoltaic applications the battery will be
exposed to a large number of shallow cycles but at
g) IS16048 (Part 1) for portable nickel-
different states of charge. The test below is designed
cadmium batteries;
to simulate such service under extreme conditions
h) IS 16048 (Part 2) for portable nickel-metal by submitting the batteries at + 40 °C, to several
hydride batteries; aggregates of discharge/charge cycles each
j) IS 16822 for lithium cells and batteries for comprising 50 cycles at low state of charge
use in industrial applications; and (phase A) and 100 cycles at high state of charge
k) IS 16047 (Part 3) for portable lithium (phase B).
batteries NOTE — One set of 150 aggregate cycles is approximately
equivalent to 1 year service in a PV energy storage
application.
8 TEST METHOD

8.1 Capacity Test The cells or batteries shall therefore comply with the
requirements of the test below, which is a simulation
Test batteries shall be selected, prepared, installed of the photovoltaic energy system operation:
and tested according to the applicable standards a) the test battery shall be selected, prepared
listed in 7.2. and installed according to the applicable
standards listed in 7.2;
The verification of the rated capacity shall be
b) the test shall be carried out with a battery
performed by using a current of I10 (A) for lead-
composed of such a number of cells that its
acid batteries, It /5 (A) for nickel-cadmium, Ni-MH
open circuit voltage is ≥ 12 V;
and lithium batteries and I10 (A) for other batteries
according relevant clauses in the Indian standards c) the test battery shall meet or exceed the rated
listed in 7.2. capacity value when tested for capacity
according to 8.1;
The verification of long duration capacity shall be d) the test shall be started with the battery fully
performed by using a current of I120 (A) up to an charged;
end voltage of 1.85 V/cell (for lead acid batteries) or e) the test battery shall be brought to a

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IS 16270 : 2023

temperature of + 40 °C ± 3 °C and stabilized 8.4.3 Phase B: Shallow Cycling at High State of

at this temperature for 16 h; and Charge (see Table 5)
f) the test battery shall be maintained at
+ 40 °C ± 3 °C throughout the test phase A) 8.4.3.1 Lead-acid batteries and other batteries
and phase B). a) Discharge the battery for 2 h with a current
1.25 I10; and
8.4.2 Phase A: Shallow Cycling at low state of
Charge (see Table 4) b) Recharge for 6 h with a current I10 A until
for lead-acid batteries a voltage of 2.40
8.4.2.1 Lead-Acid batteries and other batteries: V/cell is reached, unless otherwise specified
by the manufacturer, and then continue
a) Discharge the battery for 9 h with a current charging at 2.40 V/cell until a total charging
I10 (A); time of 6 h is reached. For other batteries,
b) Recharge for 3 h with a current 1.03 I10 the charge voltage shall be limited to a safe
(A); and level as specified by the manufacturer.
c) Discharge for 3 h with a current I10 (A). 8.4.3.2 Nickel-Cadmium, Ni-MH and Lithium Batteries
8.4.2.2 Nickel-Cadmium, NI-MH and lithium a) Discharge the battery for 2 h with a current
batteries 0.125 It A; and
a) Discharge the battery for 9 h with a current b) Recharge for 6 h with a current 0.1 It A
0.1 It (A); until, for vented Ni-Cd batteries, a voltage
of 1.55 V/cell is reached unless otherwise
b) Recharge for 3 h with a current 0.103 It (A); specified by the manufacturer, then continue
and charging at 1.55 V/cell until a total charging
c) Discharge for 3 h with a current 0.1 It (A). time of 6 h is reached.
The steps b) and c) shall be repeated 49 times
For Ni-MH and lithium batteries the charge voltage
th
At the termination of the 49 execution of step c) the shall be limited to a safe level as specified by the
test batteries, still at + 40 °C ± 3 °C, shall be fully manufacturer.
charged according to the manufacturers The steps i) and ii) shall be repeated 99 times.
recommendations and then cycling as specified for
phase B shall be continued. At the termination of the 99th execution of step ii)
the test battery shall be submitted to a capacity test
according to 8.4.4.

Table 4 Phase A Shallow Cycling at Low State of Charge

(Clause 8.4.2)

Sl No. Discharge Charge Lead-Acid and other Nickel-Cadmium, Ni-MH and

Duration Duration Batteries Lithium Batteries

h h Current A Current A
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
i) a
9 — I10 0.1 It
)
ii) b
— 3 1.03 I10 0.103 It
)
iii) c
3 — I10 0.1 It
)
Repeat ii) to iii) 49 times and continue to phase B

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Table 5 Phase B Shallow Cycling at High State of Charge

(Clause 8.4.3)

Sl No. Discharging Charging Lead-Acid and Other Batteries Nickel-Cadmium, Ni-MH and Lithium
Time Time Current Batteries

h h A Current A
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
i) 2 — 1.25 I10 0.125 It
ii) — 6 I10 0.1 It
(For lead-acid batteries charge (For vented nickel-cadmium batteries
voltage limited to 2.40 V/cell unless charge voltage limited to 1.55 V/cell
otherwise specified by the unless otherwise specified by the
manufacturer) manufacturer)
Repeat i) to ii) 99 times

8.4.4 Residual Capacity Determination b) When during the residual capacity

determination according to 8.4.4, the
a) At the conclusion of phase B, the battery
determined capacity was found lower than
shall be cooled down, under continued
80 percent of the rated capacity; and
charge, to the temperature defined for a
capacity test in the applicable standards as c) The cycling endurance in photovoltaic
listed in 7.2, and then stabilized at this applications shall be expressed in terms of
temperature for 16 h; completed aggregate phase A + B cycles
b) The residual capacity test for lead acid and before a limit, as specified in a) or b) above,
other batteries shall be carried out with the was encountered together with the value of
I10 current to 1.80 V × n cells for lead acid C120 capacity, expressed in per cent of the
batteries and at the 0.2 It current to 1.00 V rated one, as determined at the conclusion
× n cellsfor nickel-cadmium, and Ni-MH of the test.
batteries. For lithium batteries and other
batteries, the end voltages are defined by 8.4.6 Water Consumption of Flooded Battery Types
the battery manufacturer; and Cells with Partial Gas Recombination
c) At the completion of the residual capacity
test, and if no condition for test termination During the cycle endurance test, vented type
is encountered (see below), the batteries batteries may be topped up with water to the level
shall be recharged according to the indicated and with a quality specified by the
manufacturer's specifications and a new set manufacturer. The amount of water added shall be
of phase A) cycles initiated; and measured and reported.
d) When the residual capacity is found in b)
8.4.7 Requirements
below 80 percent, then the fully recharged
batteries shall be submitted also to a
The minimum number of completed A + B phase
determination of the C120 capacity
cycle sequences (150 cycles each) shall be not less
according to 8.1. than 3.
8.4.5 Test termination
8.5 Sulphation Test (Applicable for Lead Acid
The cycling endurance test in photovoltaic Batteries only)
applications shall be considered terminated when
oneof the conditions below is fulfilled: The test is to be carried out on one fully charged cell/
battery. The test shall be carried out as described in
a) When during the discharge c) of phase A, 8.5.1:
a battery with n cells showed a voltage of
n ×1.5 V/cell for lead acid batteries, n × 0.8 8.5.1 Test Method
V/cell for nickel-cadmium or Ni-MH a) Discharge at a rate of 0.013 5 × C10 for a
batteries or n × XYZ V/cell that is the
period of 24 h;
manufacturer's recommended minimum
safe cell voltage for lithium and other b) Leave the battery for 120 h;
batteries;

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IS 16270 : 2023

c) Recharge at 0.056 × C10 for 4 h followed c) Endurance test (8.2);

by 0.013 5 × C10 for 12 h; and d) Charge retention test (8.3);
d) Discharged at 120 h rate (that is 0.012 5 × e) Cycling endurance test in photovoltaic
C10 to an end voltage of 1.9 V/cell). application (extreme condition) (8.4);
f) Sulphation test (applicable for lead acid
8.5.1.1 Requirement
batteries only) (8.5); and
The battery discharge duration shall be at least 108 h. g) Water loss test (valid for flooded lead acid
cells/batteries only) (8.6).
8.6 Water Loss Test (Valid for Flooded Lead
Acid Batteries only) The minimum number of samples shall be eight and
The water loss test shall be done as per the latest sequence of tests shall be as given in Table 6.
version of the relevant specification with all its
amendments mentioned in 7.2 of this specification. 9.2 Acceptance Test

8.6.1 Requirement 9.2.1 Factory Test

As per the standards mentioned in 7.2. The acceptance test shall be agreed between the
customer and the supplier. Compliance to marking,
9 TESTS labeling rated capacity may be verified.
9.1 Type Tests 9.2.2 Commissioning Test
The following shall constitute the type tests: A commissioning test is recommended to prove the
a) Verification of marking and dimensions integrity of the installed battery system bymeans of a
(5.4 and 7.2); capacity test at 10 hour rate for lead-acid batteries or
b) Rated capacity test (8.1); 5 hour rate for Ni-Cd/Ni-MH and Li-ion batteries.

Table 6 Sampling and Sequence of Tests

(Clause 9.1)

Sl No. Type Test Battery

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
i) Physical verification
(verification of marking and        
dimensions) (5.4 and 7.2) 

ii) Capacity test (8.1)        


iii) Endurance test (8.2)        

iv) Charge retention test (8.3)        

v) Cyclic endurance in
photovoltaic application (8.4)        

vi) Sulphation test (8.5) (only for

lead-acid batteries)        

vii) Water loss test (8.6) (only for

flooded types lead-acid        
batteries)

9
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IS 16270 : 2023

ANNEX A
(Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED STANDARDS

IS No./Other Title IS No./Other Title

Publication Publication

IS 1651 : 2013 Stationary cells and batteries, lead- Prismatic and cylindrical lithium
acid type [with tubular positive secondary cells, and batteries made
plates] from them.
IS 1885 (Part 15) : Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part IS 16048 Secondary cells and batteries
2008/IEC-482 : 15 Primary and secondary cells and containing alkaline or other non-
2004 batteries (second revision) acid electrolytes — Portable sealed
rechargeable single cells
IS 10893 : 1984 Specification for sealed nickel-
cadmium button type rechargeable (Part 1) : 2021/ Nickel-cadmium (first revision)
single cells IEC 61951-1 :
2017
IS 10918 : 1984 Vented types nickel-cadmium
batteries (Part 2) : 2021/ Nickel-metal hydride (first
IEC 61951-2 : revision)
IS 12834 : 2013/ Solar photovoltaic energy systems
2017
IEC/TS 61836 : — Terms, definitions and symbols
206 (second revision) IS 16049 : 2013/ IEC Secondary cells and batteries
60622 : 2022 containing alkaline or other non-
IS 13369 : 1992 Stationary lead-acid batteries [with
acid electrolytes-sealed nickel-
tubular positive plates] in
cadmium prismatic rechargeable
monobloc containers
single cells
IS 15549 : 2005 Stationary valve regulated lead-
IS 16220 (Part 1) : General purpose lead-acid batteries
acid batteries — Specification
2015/IEC 61056- (Valve — Regulated Types): Part 1
IS 15767 : 2008/IEC Secondary cells and batteries 1 : 2012 General requirements, functional
62259 : 2003 containing alkaline or other non- characteristics — Methods of test
acid electrolytes — Nickel-
IS 16822 : 2019/ IEC Secondary cells and batteries
cadmium prismatic secondary
62620 : 2014 containing alkaline or other non-
single cells with partial gas
acid electrolytes — Secondary
recombination
lithium cells and batteries for use in
IS 16047 (Part 3) : Secondary cells and batteries industrial applications
2018/IEC 61960 - containing alkaline or other
IEC 62902 Secondary cells and batteries —
3 : 2017 non-acid electrolytes- secondary
Marking symbols for identification
lithium cells and batteries for
of their chemistry
portable applications: Part 3

10
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Bikash Mohapatra -
Bhubaneswar(bikashmohapatra8@gmail.com) 49.37.117.129.
 Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Bikash Mohapatra -
Bhubaneswar(bikashmohapatra8@gmail.com) 49.37.117.129.

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Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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