Class 10 - Social Science

Sample Paper - 04 (2024-25)

Maximum Marks: 80
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. The question paper comprises Six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions in the Question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
2. Section A – From questions 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
3. Section B – Questions no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. The answer to each
question should not exceed 40 words.
4. Section C contains Q. 25 to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. The answer to each question
should not exceed 60 words
5. Section D – Questions no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. The answer to each question
should not exceed 120 words.
6. Section-E - Questions no from 34 to 36 are case-based questions with three sub-questions and are of 4 marks each. The
answer to each question should not exceed 100 words.
7. Section F – Question no. 37 is map-based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from
Geography (3 marks).
8. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in a few questions. Only one
of the choices in such questions has to be attempted.
9. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.

Section A
1. Why did the Simon Commission come to India? Identify the correct reason from the following options.
a) To suggest changes in the functioning of the constitutional system in India
b) To look into the functioning of the British
c) To control the campaign against the British in cities
d) To initiate salt law in India
2. Water scarcity in most cases is caused by:
a) high population
b) low population
c) over- exploitation
d) low rainfall

3. SOME DATA REGARDING INDIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS FOR 2019

Gross National Income (GNI per capita)
Country Life Expectancy at Birth HDI Rank in the World (2018)
(2011 PPP )
Sri Lanka 12,707 77 73
India 6,681 69.7 130
Myanmar 4,961 67.1 148
Pakistan 5,005 67.3 154

1 / 15
 Nepal 3,457 70.8 143
Bangladesh 4,976 72.6 134
As per the data given above which two neighbouring countries of India have low per capita income than that of India, yet
they are better than India in life expectancy?
a) Nepal and Bangladesh
b) Myanmar and Sri Lanka
c) Nepal and Pakistan
d) Bangladesh and Pakistan
4. Which of the following options represents the possible reality of the production of sugarcane, tea, or rubber in India?
i. They are grown in large areas and cover large tracts of land.
ii. Their production generally has an interface of agriculture and industry.
iii. Cultivation is done with the help of capital-intensive inputs and migrant labourers.
iv. It is practised in areas of high population pressure on land.
a) Statement i, ii, & iii are correct.
b) Statement i and ii are correct.
c) Statement ii, iii & iv are correct.
d) Statement ii is correct.
5. The Municipal Corporation officers are called:
a) Sarpanchs
b) Mayors
c) Premiers (Pradhan)
d) MLAs
6. Following are the features of the Belgium model. Identify the incorrect one.
a) The number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government
b) Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions
c) There will be third kind of government called ‘community government’
d) No power-sharing among centre-state will done
7. Assertion (A): In a non-democratic setup, the unacceptability of mistreatment towards women would not have a legal
basis.
Reason (R): Individual freedom and dignity, which are foundational principles in democracies, may not have the same
legal and moral force in such systems.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
8. Shyamal tells us that every season he needs loans for cultivation on his 1.5 acres of land. Till a few years back, he would
borrow money from the village moneylender at an interest rate of five percent per month (60% per annum). For the last
few years, Shyamal has been borrowing from an agricultural trader in the village at an interest rate of three percent per
month. At the beginning of the cropping season, the trader supplies the farm inputs on credit, which is to be repaid when
the crops are ready for harvest. Besides the interest charge on the loan, the trader also makes the farmers promise to sell
the crop to him. This way the trader can ensure that the money is repaid promptly. Also, since the crop prices are low
after the harvest, the trader is able to make a profit from buying the crop at a low price from the farmers and then selling
it later when the price has risen.How does the trader benefit from this arrangement?
a) The trader offers loans to farmers without any interest.
b) The trader provides free farm inputs to the farmers.
c) The trader charges a low-interest rate compared to the village moneylender.

2 / 15
 d) The trader earns a profit by buying the crop at a low price and selling it later at a higher price.
9. Power shared by two or more political parties is which kind of government?
a) Central Government
b) Coalition Government
c) Community Government
d) Federal government
10. Study the picture and answer the question that follows:

Who is shown in the above picture?

a) Louis XVIII
b) Guiseepee Mazzini
c) Napoleon
d) Louis Philippe
11. MNCs have been looking for locations around the world that would be cheap for their production. Evaluate the cost-
effective methods adopted by the MNCs by identifying the appropriate statements among the following options:
i. Opting for a cheap manufacturing location.
ii. Setting up a production unit in the proximity of markets.
iii. Hiring highly skilled engineers at cheap rates from developing countries.
iv. Buy up local companies and expand production.
a) All the statements are appropriate.
b) Only statement iv is appropriate.
c) Statements i, ii and iii are appropriate.
d) Statements i and ii are appropriate.
12. Which one of the following is the most popular form of government in the contemporary world?
a) Military Government
b) Dictatorial Government
c) Constitutional Monarchy
d) Democratic Government
13. Regarding the idea of Satyagraha, Arrange the following sentences in the correct order:
i. Mahatma Gandhi successfully organised satyagraha movements in various places.
ii. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915.
iii. The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
iv. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence could unite all Indians.
a) i, iii, iv, ii
b) i, ii, iv, iii
c) ii, iii, iv, i
d) iv, i, ii, iii

3 / 15
14. Ramanlal is a farmer who sells wheat to a flour mill for Rs 8 per kg. The mill grinds the wheat and sells the flour to a
biscuit company for Rs 10 per kg. The biscuit company uses flour and things such as sugar and oil to make four packets
of biscuits. It sells biscuits in the market to the consumers for Rs 60 (Rs 15 per packet).
With the help of above information, in which category will you classify Biscuits that reach the consumers?
a) Consumer reach goods
b) Final goods
c) Intermediate goods
d) Capital goods
15. Consider the statements given below and choose the correct answer
Statement I: In France, penny chapbooks were carried by petty pedlars known as Chapmen, and sold for a penny, so that
even the poor could buy them.
Statement II: In England, were the Biliotheque Bleue, which were low-priced small books printed on poor quality
paper, and bound in cheap blue covers.
a) Both (i) & (ii) are incorrect
b) Statement (i) is correct and (ii) is incorrect
c) Statement (i) is incorrect and (ii) is correct
d) Both (i) & (ii) are correct
16. X provided his friend with clues regarding the right kind of soil for growing cashew nut. Which of the following clues
from X would be most helpful in determining the ideal type of soil?
Clues:
i. It is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain.
ii. It is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.
iii. It turns yellow when it is hydrated.
iv. It is rich in kankur and bhangar nodules.
a) Clue ii and iii
b) Clue i
c) Clue iii and iv
d) Clue ii
17. Which of the following statements will be considered by a political party while shaping public opinion?
Statement i: Raise and highlight issues popular issues.
Statement ii: Launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people.
Statement iii: Provide access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by the government.
Statement iv: Voice different views and criticize the government for its failures or wrong policies.
a) Statement i, ii and iii are right.
b) Statement i and ii are right.
c) Statement iii is right.
d) Only statement iv is right.
18. Which one of the following matters do NOT deal with the Family Laws?
a) Marriage
b) Inheritance
c) Adoption
d) Finance
19. Which of the following is false with respect to the Multi-Party System?
a) In this system, the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
b) It is a system where there is a chance of coming to power either on their own or by alliance
c) The United States of America has a multi-party system
d) All of these

4 / 15
20. In a bustling marketplace, Sarah, a shoe manufacturer, sought to acquire wheat for her family. With the convenience of
money, she effortlessly sold her shoes and exchanged the money for the desired wheat, avoiding the complexities of a
direct barter system. The use of money eliminated the need for a double coincidence of wants, streamlining transactions.
Why is the use of money preferred in transactions?
a) Money ensures a unjust distribution of resources
b) Money simplifies the process of buying and selling different commodities.
c) Money helps in storing wealth
d) Money eliminates the need for negotiation and bargaining
Section B
21. Study the map thoroughly and mention the languages that are dominantly spoken in Belgium.

22. Explain any three reasons for the nationalist upsurge in the 19th century Europe.

OR

Explain the role of languages in developing the national sentiments in Europe.

23. Categorise the following as Kharif crops and Zaid crops:
i. Paddy (Rice)
ii. Cucumber
iii. Bajra
iv. Cotton
v. Fodder crops
vi. Muskmelon
24. Name any two subjects that are included in Concurrent List. How are laws made on these subjects? Explain.
Section C
25. Highlight any four innovations which have improved the printing technology from the 19th century onwards.
26. Examine the impact of liberalisation on the automobile industry of India.

OR

"The iron and steel industry is the basic as well as heavy industry." Support the statement with three points.
27. Suggest any five ways to provide more employment opportunities in rural areas.
28. Differentiate between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat.
29. How is tertiary sector different from the other two sectors of economic activities? Explain.
Section D
30. Differentiate between metallic and non-metallic minerals with examples.

OR

How is the per capita consumption of electricity considered as an index of development? Explain with examples.

5 / 15
31. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European states after 1815. Explain with examples.

OR

In Britain, the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution. Validate the statement
with relevant arguments?
32. Define multi-party system. Explain its merits and demerits.

OR

Why do we need political parties? Highlight any five reasons.

33. Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development. Justify the statement.

OR

How are deposits with the bank beneficial for individual as well as for the nation? Explain with examples.
Section E
34. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
In the countryside, rich peasant communities were active in the movement. Being producers of commercial crops, they
were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible
to pay the government’s revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to
widespread resentment. These rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Movement, organising their
communities, and at times forcing reluctant members, to participate in the boycott programmes. For them, the fight for
swaraj was a struggle against high revenues. But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in
1931 without the revenue rates being revised. So when the movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to
participate. The poorer peasantry was not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand. Many of them were
small tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords. As the Depression continued and cash incomes dwindled,
the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted. They
joined a variety of radical movements, often led by Socialists and Communists. Congress was unwilling to support ‘no
rent’ campaigns in most places. So the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remained uncertain.
i. Name the peasant communities that were active in the movement. (1)
ii. Why was Congress unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most places? (It might upset the rich peasants and
landlords.(1)
iii. What did Swaraj meant for the rich peasants? (2)
35. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or
impoundment. "Dam" refers to the reservoir rather than the structure. Most dams have a section called a spillway or weir
over which or through which it is intended that water will flow either intermittently or continuously. Dams are classified
according to structure, intended purpose or height. Based on structure and the materials used, dams are classified as
timber dams, embankment dams or masonry dams, with several subtypes. According to the height, dams can be
categorised as large dams and major dams or alternatively as low dams, medium height dams and high dams.
i. What does the word 'Dam' actually refer to? (1)
ii. Mention any one benefit of a Multi-purpose River Valley Project. (1)
iii. How have multi-purpose river valley projects a cause of social movements? Explain. (2)
36. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Besides seeking more income, one way or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and
respect of others. They resent discrimination. All these are important goals. In fact, in some cases, these may be more
important than more income or more consumption because material goods are not all that you need to live.
Similarly, there are many things that are not easily measured but they mean a lot to our lives. These are often ignored.
However, it will be wrong to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important. For development, people look

6 / 15
 at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases.
However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater
acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of
jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about
other important things in life.
i. Explain how people look at a mix of goals for development with an example. (1)
ii. That which cannot be measured is not important for development. State a reason either in favour or against the
statement. (1)
iii. Mention any two important developmental goals besides seeking more income. (2)
Section F
37. (a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them and write their correct names
on the lines drawn near them.
A. The place where Indian National Congress session was held in September, 1920.
B. The place associated with Jallianwala Bagh Incident.

(b) On the same outline map of India locate and label any four of the following with suitable Symbols. (any three)
i. Kochi - Major Sea Port
ii. Pune - Software Technology Park
iii. Durg– Iron Ore Mines
iv. Naraura - Nuclear Power Plant
v. Chhatrapati Shivaji - International Airport

7 / 15
8 / 15
 Class 10 - Social Science
Sample Paper - 04 (2024-25)

Solution

Section A
1. (a) To suggest changes in the functioning of the constitutional system in India
Explanation: The commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest
changes.
2. (c) over- exploitation
Explanation: water scarcity in most cases is caused by over-exploitation, excessive use, and unequal access to water
among different social groups.
3. (a) Nepal and Bangladesh
Explanation: Though Nepal and Bangladesh have low per capita income than India, they are better than India in life
expectancy.
4. (a) Statement i, ii, & iii are correct.
Explanation: In India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc., are important plantation crops. Plantation is also a
type of commercial farming. In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an
interface of agriculture and industry. Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help of
migrant labourers. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries. While, Intensive Subsistence Farming
is practised in areas of high population pressure on land.
5. (b) Mayors
Explanation: Mayors
6. (d) No power-sharing among centre-state will done
Explanation: Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model. The number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers
shall be equal in the central government. Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments
of the two regions. There will be a third kind of government called ‘community government’.
7. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: In a non-democratic setup, the unacceptability of mistreatment towards women would not have a legal
basis because individual freedom and dignity, which are foundational principles in democracies, may not have the same
legal and moral force in such systems.
8. (d) The trader earns a profit by buying the crop at a low price and selling it later at a higher price.
Explanation: In the given scenario, it is mentioned that besides charging an interest rate on the loan, the agricultural
trader also ensures that the farmers promise to sell the crop to him. By doing so, the trader can guarantee prompt
repayment and also take advantage of the low crop prices after the harvest. The trader buys the crop from the farmers at a
low price and then sells it later when the price has risen, thus making a profit from the price difference.
9. (b) Coalition Government
Explanation: A coalition government is one which is formed by the coming together of at least two political parties.
10. (c) Napoleon
Explanation: Napoleon here is represented as a postman on his way back to France after he lost the battle of Leipzig in
1813. Each letter dropping out of his bag bears the names of the territories he lost.
11. (c) Statements i, ii and iii are appropriate.
Explanation: Generally, MNCs buy up local companies as investments and then expand production.

9 / 15
12. (d) Democratic Government
Explanation: Democracy is a better form of government when compared with dictatorship or any other alternative.
13. (c) ii, iii, iv, i
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915. The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth
and the need to search for truth. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence could unite all Indians. After
arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organised satyagraha movements in various places.
14. (b) Final goods
Explanation: Final goods are used for final consumption. These are sold in the market for consumption.
15. (a) Both (i) & (ii) are incorrect
Explanation: In France, were the “Biliotheque Bleue”, which were low-priced small books printed on poor quality
paper, and bound in cheap blue covers. In England, penny chapbooks were carried by petty pedlars known as Chapmen,
and sold for a penny, so that even the poor could buy them.
16. (b) Clue i
Explanation: Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for crops like cashew nut.
This soil is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain.
17. (b) Statement i and ii are right.
Explanation: Parties shape public opinion. They raise and highlight issues. Parties have lakhs of members and activists
spread all over the country. Many of the pressure groups are extensions of political parties among different sections of
society. Parties sometimes also launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people. Often opinions in
society crystallise on the lines parties take.
18. (d) Finance
Explanation: Family laws are those laws that deal with family related matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption,
inheritance, etc. In our country, different family laws apply to followers of different religions.
19. (c) The United States of America has a multi-party system
Explanation: The United States of America is an example of the two-party system.
20. (b) Money simplifies the process of buying and selling different commodities.
Explanation: A person holding money can easily exchange it for any commodity or service that he or she might want.
Thus everyone prefers to receive payments in money and then exchange the money for things that they want.
Section B
21. The languages that are dominantly spoken in Belgium are Dutch and French.
22. Reasons for the Nationalist upsurge in the 19th century Europe are as follows:
i. The absolute rulers oppressed the people.
ii. The well-known philosophers and leaders spread liberal ideas and visions.
iii. The French Revolution provided the inspiration to the people to fight for freedom.
iv. The slogan 'Liberty, Equality and Fraternity' became the clarion call for the common people of Europe.
v. The French army and its soldiers began to carry the ideas of nationalism abroad with the outbreak of revolutionary
wars.

OR

Languages played a vital role in the development of nationalist sentiments.

i. The Polish language was banned after Russia occupied Poland. It was replaced by the Russian language.
ii. The language started to be used by many members of the clergy in Poland as a weapon of national resistance.
iii. The use of Polish came to be identified as a symbol of the struggle against Russian dominance.
Crops
23. 23. Cropping Season
Paddy(Rice) Kharif

10 / 15
 Cucumber Zaid
Bajra Kharif
Cotton Kharif
Fodder crop Zaid

Muskmelon Zaid
24. Concurrent List includes subjects of common interest to both the Union and State government. These subjects are
education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption, and succession etc.
Both the union as well as the state government can make laws on the subjects mentioned in this list if their laws conflict
with each other the law made by the union government will prevail.
Section C
25. An invention which improved the printing technology after the nineteenth century are listed below:
i. Richard M. Hoe of New York had perfected the power-driven cylindrical press by the nineteenth century. This was
capable of printing 8,000 sheets per hour. This press was particularly useful for printing newspapers.
ii. The offset press was developed which could print up to six colors at the same time in the late nineteenth century.
iii. From the turn of the twentieth century, electrically operated presses accelerated printing operations. A series of many
other developments followed. Methods of feeding paper improved, the quality of plates became better, automatic
paper reels and photoelectric control of the color register were introduced.
iv. The dust cover or book jackets were introduced.
26. Impact of liberalisation on automobile industry are:
i. Multi-utility vehicles have been introduced.
ii. The coming of new and contemporary models.
iii. FDI in new technology.
iv. Healthy growth of the market.
v. Liberalisation aligned the industry with global development so industry has experienced a quantum jump.

OR

Iron and steel industry is the basic industry as :

i. All the other industries depend on it for their machinery.
ii. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods.
iii. It provides variety of consumer goods.
iv. Construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipments, etc., are the gift of iron and steel industry.
27. The following measures can be taken to increase employment in rural areas:
i. Improving irrigation facilities so that farmers harvest two or three crops in a year. Thus, more people can be
employed. This will also help in enhancing productivity.
ii. More dams should be built on rivers so that more water can be provided to small farmers to increase the number of
crops grown annually.
iii. Provide better roads and improve transportation and storage which will benefit small farmers and many people will
be employed in these sectors.
iv. Alternative employment such as honey collection centres and vegetable and fruit processing units should be set-up.
v. More cottage industries and services should be promoted in rural areas with soft loans and marketing support.
vi. By providing basic inputs. The government can increase productivity by providing modern inputs like HYV seeds,
harvester etc.
vii. By providing cheap credit-starting cooperatives or opening banks should be done. They will provide money to the
farmers for the initial production cost.

11 / 15
28. Gram Panchayat is a council formed in each village or a group of villages. It consists of several ward members often
called Panch. The president is called Sarpanch. They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or
village. It is the decision making body for the village.
The Panchayat works under the overall supervision of the gram sabha. All the voters in the village are its members. It has
to meet at least twice or thrice a year to approve the annual budget of the panchayat and review its performance.
29. The tertiary sector is different from the other two sectors because:
a. It does not provide or produce goods.
b. It provides services such as transport, I.T, communications, etc, which other two sectors do not provide.
c. More the primary and secondary sectors develop, there increases the requirement of services.
d. It is the backbone of all the sectors of the economy.
Section D
30. Differences between metallic and non-metallic minerals are as follows:
Metallic minerals non-metallic minerals
Minerals that do not contain metals are called non-
Minerals containing metals are called metallic minerals.
metallic minerals.

Non-metallic minerals are non-malleable and non-

These minerals are malleable and ductile.
ductile.

These minerals are generally associated with igneous and

These minerals are associated with sedimentary rocks.
metamorphic rocks.

Metallic minerals show luster. Non-metallic minerals do not show luster.

Metallic minerals do not break down into pieces when These minerals usually break down into pieces when
constantly hammered. hammered.

These are good conductors of heat and electricity. These are good insulators of heat and electricity.
Iron-one, manganese, copper, tin, etc are its examples. Gypsum, potash, salt, etc are examples.

OR

i. Electricity is required in all sectors of the economy.

ii. In agriculture use of electricity for the running the pump of water to irrigate the field helps to increase the output.
iii. Electricity is needed in food processing industry.
iv. Cottage and small scale industries cannot be developed without the use of electricity.
v. Higher consumption of electricity in households indicates the higher standard of living.
vi. Development and increase in the demand for electricity go hand in hand.
vii. Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.
31. Revolutionaries spread the idea in Europe after 1815 in the following ways:
i. The autocratic rule after 1815 had caused fear of repression so the liberal-nationalists started to work underground.
ii. They established many secret societies to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.
iii. They opposed monarchical forms of governments that were established after the Vienna Congress.

12 / 15
 iv. They fought for liberty and freedom and thought the creation of nation-state as a necessary part of their struggle for
freedom.
v. Being a revolutionary was a commitment to struggle for liberty and freedom and they considered nation states
necessary for it to happen.
vi. They formed secret societies to spread ideas and train revolutionaries. For eg, Giuseppe Mazzini founded secret
societies like Young Italy and Young Europe for the unification of fragmented Italy.
vii. Following Mazzini’s model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland.
viii. Liberalism and nationalism brought revolution in many regions of Europe like the provinces of the Ottoman Empire,
Ireland, Poland besides Italy and Germany.

OR

The story of nationalism in Britain is different from other nations in Europe because it was not a result of sudden
upheaval or revolution but a long process of struggle.
i. Prior to 18th Century, there was no British nation as such rather there were primary ethnic identities such as English,
Welsh, Scot or Irish. All of these ethnic groups had their own cultural and political traditions.
ii. Steady growth of the English nation steadily in case of wealth, importance and power, it was able to extend its
influence over the other nations of the islands.
iii. The Act of Union 1707-between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the 'United Kingdom of Great
Britain'. It meant that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland.
iv. The symbol of new Britain: The British Flag ( Union Jack, The National Anthem ( God save our Noble King), the
English Language were actively promoted and the older nations survived as subordinate partners in this union.
v. The English parliament, which had seized power from the monarchy in 1688 at the end of a protracted conflict, was
the instrument through which a nation-state with England at its centre, came to be forged.
vi. The growth of the British identity meant that Scotland's distinctive culture and political institutions were
systematically suppressed.
vii. The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress and large
numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland.
32. Definition of multi-party system -
If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on
their own strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multiparty system.
Merit:
i. This system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.
ii. More choice with the voters
iii. Any other relevant point.

Demerit:
i. The multiparty system often appears very messy
ii. Sometimes it leads to political instability.
iii. Any other relevant point.

(Any two points to be explained from each section)

OR

i. We need political parties because they perform different functions.

13 / 15
 ii. Every candidate will be independent without a political party and will not be able to make any promise to the people
about any major policy and programme.
iii. Government may be formed without political party but its utility will remain ever uncertain.
iv. Independent candidate will be accountable to their constituency only but, no one will be responsible for how the
country will run.
v. The role of opposition party in a democracy necessitates the existence of political parties.
vi. As societies became large and complex, they also need some agency to gather different views on various issues and
to present these to the government.
33. Cheap and affordable credit would lead to higher income. If the credit is affordable then many people could borrow for a
variety of needs. People could grow crops, do business, set up small-scale industries, etc. People could set up new
industries or trade in goods. Credit availability enables individuals to invest in housing and infrastructure projects,
improving living conditions and urban development. Access to credit can help marginalized populations generate
income, breaking the cycle of poverty and promoting inclusive growth.
The higher cost of borrowing means a larger part of the earnings of the borrowers is used to repay the loan. Hence
borrowers have less income for themselves. Therefore, Banks and Cooperatives should increase their lending,
particularly in rural areas, so that the dependence on informal sources of credit is reduced. It is also necessary that
everyone receives these loans. It is important that the formal credit is distributed more equally so that the poor can
benefit from the cheaper loans.

OR

The deposits with banks are beneficial for individual as well as for the nation:
i. People can deposit money with banks after opening a bank account. This ensures the safety of the money and they
also earn interest from the bank.
ii. Demand deposits can be withdrawn whenever the person wants. It also allows payments to be made through cheque.
iii. Through cheques, the money gets directly transferred between banks. So no direct payment of cash needs to be made
as the deposit itself is money in the modern economy.
iv. It is easy for individuals to get credit who have savings and current account in the banks.
v. Poor people who are engaged in production need credit.
vi. Credit provided by the banks for government projects helps in the development of the nation.
vii. Banks provide loans for the promotion of International trade.
viii. Development of infrastructure is undertaken with the loans provided by the banks.
Section E
34. i. The rich peasant communities - like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh - was active in the
movement.
ii. Congress was unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaigns because they thought that it might upset the rich peasants and
landlords.
iii. For the rich peasants ‘swaraj’ meant struggle against high revenues.
35. i. "Dam" refers to the reservoir rather than the structure or a dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs
or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.
ii. a. Dams are used for electricity generation.
b. Dams are used for irrigation purpose.
c. Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be mentioned.
iii. a. Large scale displacement of local communities.
b. Local people had to give up their land and livelihood.
c. Local people lost control over their meagre resources for the greater good of the nation.

14 / 15
 d. Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be mentioned.
36. i. People look at a mix of goals for development because they make their choices based on various preferences. Income
is one of those preferences which may not be the prime criterion for everyone. Some may prefer job security to high
income. Some may consider other facilities like a safe and secure environment. For example
Women, who are engaged in paid jobs are an example of persons who fulfill a mix of goals.
Before accepting a job in a far-off place, people would try to consider many factors, apart from income, such
as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn.
A job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security. Another
job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce
your sense of security and freedom.
(any ONE)
ii. It will be wrong to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important. For example, the role of your friends in
our life, sense of security, proper/timely leaves, and holidays.
iii. People resent discrimination therefore they may value some other developmental goals even more than more income
or more consumption. The goals that people seek (other than money) for development are equal treatment, freedom,
security, and respect for others.
Section F
37. 37. a.
A. Calcutta
B. Amritsar
b.

15 / 15