79分班写作Writing

Essay Writing
注意事项

• 题型个数为1-2个 • 左下角有字数提示

• 单独计时：20min • 不显示语法，拼写错误

• 时间分配 • 常考题型种类：
– 2-3分钟构思 Ø 观点

– 15分钟完成文章 Ø 讨论（利弊）
Ø 报告（解决方案）
– 2-3分钟检查（拼写，语法，结构）
题目类型
• 观点题
– What’s your opinion?

– Do you agree or disagree?

– To what extend do you agree or disagree?

– Do you think…?

• 讨论题（利弊）
– Discuss both advantages and disadvantages ?

– What are the advantages and disadvantages ?

• 报告（解决方法）
– What has caused the problems? Solutions ?
评分标准
大作文能力考查
能力考查1：Content

Address all aspects of the topic:

Provide details, examples and explanations to support your point of view
If you do not address the topic, you will be scored 0
能力考查2: Formal Requirement

注意⚠
如果没有大写开头
和句号结尾，那么
form就是0

0 (no further 50% 100% 50% 0 (no further

scoring) scoring)
120 200 300 380
能力考查3：Development, Structure and
Coherence --- 结构逻辑

段落结构逻辑 (段落间连接，呼应）
Organization of response 段落内结构逻辑 (Topic sentence  Developing
 good development of idea sentence  For example Brief summary)
& logic structure
句子结构逻辑 （linking words 表示不同的逻辑关系)
能力考查4：Grammar

• 语法：
– 语法使用的准确度高（正确的语法）
– 对语法深度无要求
https://trinitysem.edu/how-to-write-correct-sentences/

http://faculty.washington.edu/ezent/imsc.htm
 能力考查4：Grammar
• 语法使用的准确度高（正确的语法）
– 是否经常犯小错误：
• 主谓不一致； �动词不定式，动词-ing 形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数�
– Raising standards of literacy is/are the government’s priority.
– Raising standards of literacy can/could/may be the government’s priority.
– The relationship between Ashley and Suzan remain/remains tense
• 缺少句子成分
– Mary, who is a pretty girl from England, reading a novel with friends.

• 时态不一致: 一般来说一般现在时就可以了
– 是否正确使用从句/复杂句
• He told me a news just now, and the news is true
•  The news that he told me just now is true
能力考查4：Grammar

• 是否正确使用从句/复杂句
– Many schools are eager to hire experienced employees. Employees
should possess the organizational skills and organizational skills can
complete duties and those duties can be found in teaching.
能力考查4：Grammar
• 是否正确使用从句/复杂句
– Many schools are eager to hire experienced employees. Employees
should possess the organizational skills and organizational skills can
complete duties and those duties can be found in teaching.

– Many schools are eager to hire employees who possess the

organisational skills needed to complete the duties when it
comes to teaching.

• 是否具有检查自己语法的能力 ----- 多练，多熟悉语法

能力考查5：General Linguistic Range

Formulate thoughts precisely 准确规划/表达你的想法 能清晰表

Differentiate and eliminate ambiguity 区分和避免歧义（例子：手机） 达观点

Give emphasis  强调重点 （尤其针对你想表达的观点）

根据自身情况来决定是否使用‘强调句’不需要，直接用给的模版
能力考查6：Vocabulary Range

Broad lexical repertoire 广泛的词汇运用

Idiomatic expressions 符合语言习惯的表达 --- 固定搭配的正确使用
Colloquialisms  适当情况下，可以使用俗语 （every coin has 2 sides）
不需要，直接用给的模版
能力考查7：Spelling

Incorrect Spelling  Different words  Content

 Non-English  Spelling
重要性
 1：Content 2: Form Requirement

6：Vocabulary Range

总分 7：Spelling
影响力
4：Grammar

3: Development, Structure and

Coherence
WD
5：General Linguistic Range
大作文话题分类

科技发明 媒体传播

教育 社会文化

个人生活 自然环境
 写作范文

Effective learning requires time, comfort and peace so it is

impossible to combine study and employment. Study and
employment distract one from another. To what extent do you
think the statements are realistic? Support your opinion with
examples
写作点评---一个同学写的body 1

It has to be admitted that persons only have limited energy and time. If
they decide to put more commitments into their job tasks to obtain a
higher salary and appreciation from their boss, the time spent on studying
would reduce inevitably. In addition, people often feel tired and their
energy are exhausted when they come back to home in the evening. The
only thing they are interested is having a break such as watching TV series,
playing computer games, or going to sleep. Therefore, it is difficult for them
to concentrate on studying and absorbing knowledge from learning
materials at this time.
• 70分上下，介于65-79之间

• 没有自己的立场 （立场 回答问题）

• 文章逻辑比较散乱中式跳跃思维：
– 从观点直接跳到了结果，中间需要有观点的原因解释，例子，一层一层铺垫到
结果；

• 中文的逻辑思维是直接看到结果的
– 特朗普和金正恩在新加坡举行了历史的会晤，美朝关系得到了极大的缓和

• 英文的逻辑思维是一层一层铺垫后才能到结果
– ‘由浅到深’

– ‘层层递进’
• 论点没有逻辑性：
– 学习后要娱乐 工作后要娱乐 所以不能共存？

– 要写的是两个互相影响而导致不能共存。 而不是第三者出现

– 那不能共存应该怎么写？：因为工作之后的疲惫，导致学习的时
候注意力不集中，所以学习的时候需要更多精力时间，导致休息
不足，影响之后工作效率。所以他们不能共存

• 写的是concentration，讲的是energetic
• Body Paragraph----Triple E
• Triple E is the short term for Explanation, Evaluation and
Elaboration/Example. This means you must at least include three
separate sentence in each body paragraph between topic sentence
and concluding sentence.
• Explanation: Further unpack the scope point.
• Evaluation: State logically how the point you explained is linked to
the question.
• Elaboration: Provide further relative information of this point.
• Example: Provide supporting examples.
• Usually, tripe Es are connected with cohesive devices such as
Furthermore, Moreover in between to create sense of logic flow.
Idea 4步推导
立场

观点 有层次感

由浅到深
解释 层层递进

结果
 举例1：科技发明话题
Medical technology is responsible for human’s life expectancy, to
what extend do you agree or disagree?

e.g. agree; B1
4 结果
1 立场
An individual can
Medical technology is responsible for have longer life
human’s life expectancy
expectancy ; enjoy
An individual’s life expectancy could be
daily life
prolonged by medical technology

观点 3 解释
Cure and treat
Newly invented machines provide
more
2 untreatable/incurable patients with accurate diagnoses
and effective treatments
diseases
 科技发明话题‘犯贱’考题

• #3588 Medical technology can increase life expectancy. Is it blessing or

curse?

• #3556 The importance of cars and airplane in modern life. Give

examples.
 举例2：教育话题
Please discuss the significance of formal written assessments in
today‘s world to evaluate children’s performance. Do you agree that
education system that assesses the student‘s learning by written exam
is correct?

e.g. disagree; B1
4 结果
1 立场
Students may not
written exam is not fully develop in every
appropriate in assessing aspect and tend to be
student’s performance spoon-fed and exam-
解释 oriented
观点
Overvalue academic
Not a comprehensive performance rather than practical
way to reflect one’s activities
2 true ability Encourages pre-examinations
3 cramming instead of analysis and
logical deduction
 教育话题‘犯贱’考题

• #3605 Put the examination at the end of the semester or separated small tests
throughout the entire semester, which one is better?

• #3575 Effective learning requires time, comfort and peace so it is impossible

to combine study and employment. Study and employment distract one from
another. To what extent do you think the statements are realistic? Support
your opinion with examples.

• #3555 Whether studying films at school is as important as studying literature?

Do you think school should have curriculum asking students to play old drama
and work for theater centuries ago?

• #3484 Some universities deduct marks from students' works if given in late,
what are your views and what action will you recommend to take?
 举例3：社会文化话题
Should government build more roads to allow more vehicles owner or
improve the network of public transport?

e.g. public transport ; B1

4 结果
1 立场
an effective measure
government should improve the network
to protect
of public transport
environment and
mitigate global
Infrastructures especially public transport
warming
should be regarded as priority

观点 解释
Reduce the number of private
Environmentally friendly;
cars on the road through the
lower carbon emission;
advanced public transport
save natural resources
Fewer cars means less pollution
3
2
 社会文化话题‘犯贱’考题

• #3599 Which should require more financial support from the government:
health or education. to what extend do you agree or not. use your experience.
• #2163 Most high-level jobs are done by men. Should governments encourage
that a certain percentage of these jobs be reserved for women? What is your
opinion?
• #2162 Xenophobia has accelerated rapidly in the western countries. According
to you what solutions can be proposed by government and individuals?
• Hydrophobia
 举例4：个人生活话题
People in rural areas are moving to urban areas for job and study
opportunities. Do you think this development is positive or negative?

e.g. positive; B1
4 结果
Urbanization not only
1 立场 helps individuals to achieve
life goals but also delivers
The advantages of this trend
the improved life quality
outweigh its disadvantages

观点 解释
Diversified industries;
Improve personal career More opportunities;
development; Higher average income

2 3
 个人生活话题‘犯贱’考题

• #3674 Teenagers should receive lessons on principles of personal

finance, such as investing and debt. To what extent do you agree with
this statement?

• # 3610 The belching and unauthorized behavior is unacceptable in

modern offices. How far you support this view? Give your response with
justification.
 举例5：自然环境话题

Whether design of buildings will have a positive or negative

impact on people’s life and work ?

e.g. positive ; B1
4 结果
1 立场
Save time for
Have positive effects on recreational activities
humans so that a person can
enjoy his daily life
观点 解释
More comfortable,
Boost an individual’s
working
working efficiency
environment

2 3
 自然环境‘犯贱’考题

• #2075 We have entered a throw-away society and fill the environment

with rubbish. What are the causes and what are your solutions
 举例6：媒体传播话题
The information evolution brought by the mass communication has
positive and negative consequences for both individuals and society.
Do you agree or disagree? Discuss and give examples and own
experience

e.g. positive ; B1

1 立场 4 结果
Positive effects outweigh the Broaden one’s
negative effects horizon Being open-
minded
观点 解释
it vastly increases the knowledge
overcome geographical barrier;
at our fingertips；
stay connected with friends and
expanding our understanding of
maintain important acquaintances;
2 the world；
Instant update of news;
It is an efficient way for us to gain
Wide choice and large variety;
information ;
to keep updated to latest news
Easy access to information 3
 媒体传播话题‘犯贱’考题

• #3713 Online contents such as music, videos, consumer-generated

contents or blogs are accessible to all users at no cost in technically
advanced society today. To what extent do you agree people should pay
for online content or not

• #2169 What are the pros and cons of staying connected on social media
for 24 hours a day

• #1746 positive and negative impacts on the change of means of

communicating in society in the past 10 years
 文章结构与框架

• 20-30 words
Introduction • 3 mins

• 80-120 words
Body 1 • 5 mins
传统四段式：
PTE官方也提到: • 80-120 words
Body 2 • 5 mins
最推荐四段式

• 20-30 words
Conclusion • 2 mins

Total 200 – 300 words /15 mins

观点题

讨论题
With the increase of digital media available online, the role of the
library has become obsolete. Universities should only procure digital
materials rather than constantly textbooks. Discuss both the
advantages and disadvantages of this position and give your own
point of view
 文章结构与框架 -- Introduction

Background 背景介绍

Introduction Topic 引出主题

The Introduction should be designed

to
Ø Attract the reader's (computer’s )
attention Opinion 自我立场
Ø Give an idea of the essay's focus.
 Introduction

Background

1.Begin with a background (大方向上的一个背景介绍)

Ø In contemporary society, the controversial topic with respect

to …主题词. … can never be ignored/neglected by the public.
（背景）
Ø ❌ In our contemporary world, our standard of ___(living/education) has improved as a result of the
advance in ___(technology/economy.) ❌
 Introduction

Background 2. Give an attention grabber.

（引出主题）

Topic

There has been an ongoing/a heated debate/argument on

whether ___改写/照抄题目__
With the increase of digital media available online, the role of the
library has become obsolete. Universities should only procure
digital materials rather than constantly textbooks. Discuss both the
advantages and disadvantages of this position and give your own
point of view

– In contemporary society, the controversial topic with respect to the

development of digital media can never be ignored by the public.
– There has been an ongoing debate on whether universities should only
procure digital materials rather than constantly textbooks.
 Introduction

Background
3. Give an idea of the essay’s
Argument focus
Ø 表明你的立场
Opinion
Ø 不用具体解释说明，主题段会解释

Ø From my perspective, I tend to be the advocate/opponent

regarding this issue

Ø ❌ As far as I am concerned, I firmly believe that ________, and I will explain my perspectives in
A and B ❌
� Introduction = Background ➕ Topic ➕ Opinion �

• In contemporary society, the controversial topic with respect to the

development of digital media can never be ignored by the public.
• There has been an ongoing debate on whether universities should
only procure digital materials rather than constantly textbooks.
• From my perspective

• I tend to be the advocate regarding this issue.

• 表达观点‘我认为’
– As far as I am concerned

– From my perspective

– In my opinion

• To what extent do you agree or disagree? ‘多认同’

– I strongly agree/disagree…

– I agree with the idea that (statement) to a large extent 这些话不用

说
• Discuss advantages and disadvantages….
直接用模版
– Xxx has both advantages and disadvantages 里的句子
– There are both advantages and disadvantages of xxx
 文章结构与框架 – Body 1
立场➕观点
Topic Sentence 1 Sentence

解释
Developing
Sentence 1~2 Sentences
Body 1
例子
Example 1~2 Sentences

结果
Brief Summary 1 Sentence
 Body 1 Ø 表明你的立场
Ø 亮出你的观点
Topic Sentence ➕ 强调句

Ø It is generally acknowledged/ recognized that ____( 立场 )

due to the fact that ____( 正方观点1 )

Ø It is obvious that A aspect is the most prior reason why I believe that____.

Ø In the beginning, It is important to discuss ____ from A aspect.

• body段的Topic Sentence，直接再次亮出你的立场和观点

– 立场：Digital media替代传统的textbook的优点更多, 但是避免和intro段的

重复，我们要做出改变，但是不改变意思
• The replacement of textbooks by digital media could be inevitable and more
beneficial

• Only choosing digital materials over textbooks could have more advantages
than disadvantages

• The advantages of only procuring digital materials greatly outweigh the

drawbacks

• More advantages could be brought /delivered by the extensive/widespread

use of digital media
• It is generally acknowledged/recognized that the replacement of
textbooks by digital media could be inevitable and more
beneficial
• 用观点去支持你之前的立场

• 立场： Digital media替代传统的textbook的优点更多

• 观点1: 克服了地域性（可以随身携带），使用起来很方便
» Overcome geographical barriers ; easy to use;
convenient

» It is easy and convenient to use digital materials

instead of traditional textbooks and an individual can
overcome geographical barriers with the
help/assistance of digital materials

» Easy可以用什么更好的词替换？
• Easy effortless; straightforward;

• 衔接上句话： Due to the fact that…

– It is generally acknowledged/recognized that the replacement
of textbooks by digital media could be inevitable and more
beneficial due to the fact that it is effortless to use digital
materials instead of traditional textbooks and an individual can
overcome geographical barriers with the assistance of digital
media.
– It is obvious that the great convenience is the most prior reason why I believe that only
choosing digital materials over textbooks could have more advantages than disadvantages.
（不推荐）
 Body 1

T/S

Developing Sentence 对你的观点做一下

解释说明

The reason is that _______ （解释）

This is because _______

This is because of ____，which means ____

This means that _____

 解释说明
• 大写作要求‘层次’，‘由浅到深’的结构

• 解释: 为什么你会有‘方便’‘克服地域性’这种观点
– easy access anywhere
– Easier to carry around;  portable
– 手机可以变成一个移动图书馆

– The reason is that the easy access to contents anywhere and

anytime with digital media is something that textbooks cannot
even come close to, and with Internet connectivity, a mobile
device can become a portable library.
 Body 1

T/S

D/S

Example 例子支持

For example/ For instance, ___________

To illustrate this point of view, _______ can be a valid /

reasonable/cogent/convincing example.
 例子支持

• For example, instead of spending countless time locating

the exact page on an exact book or periodical in the library,
searching for references for your research has become such
a straightforward task with just a few presses and clicks.
 Body 1

T/S

D/S

F/E

在你的观点1中，
Brief Summary
会有怎么样的结果

As a result, ____________________.

Thus/ Therefore/Hence, ________________. (结果)

 结果

• 结果：

• 写的是‘观点带给你的结果’

• 字数允许的话，在点题的写一个结果
– improved learning experience 观点结果

– digital material的普及会是未来的趋势  点题结果

– As a result, personal learning experience and efficiency will be

improved and the extensive use of digital media will become

a future trend.
 答案解析 –Body 1
It is generally acknowledged that the replacement of textbooks by digital media could be
inevitable and more beneficial due to the fact that it is effortless to use digital materials
instead of traditional textbooks and an individual can overcome geographical barriers
with the assistance of digital media.

The reason is that an easy access to contents anywhere and anytime with digital media is
something that textbooks cannot even come close to, and with Internet connectivity, a
mobile device can become a portable library.

For example, instead of spending countless time locating the exact page on an exact
book or periodical in the library, searching for references for your research has become
such a straightforward task with just a few presses and clicks.

As a result, personal learning experience and efficiency will be improved and the
extensive use of digital materials will become a future trend.
 文章结构与框架 – Body 2
让步句+反驳
Concession 2 Sentences
sentences

正方观点2
1 Sentence
Body 2 Topic Sentence

解释+（结果）
Developing 1~2 Sentences
Sentence
 Ø 文章更加全面，思维更加
严谨
Concession sentences Ø 不会一味一边倒，片面的
认为一个事件只有优点/
缺点
• 相反的：引出反方观点 Ø 写相反的观点，但是立刻
反驳
• 称它为‘反方观点’

• On the contrary加逗号

• While 不加逗号

• On the contrary, there is no denying that…

• 立刻反驳：
• 转折连接词（能放到句首）

» However， Nevertheless，Nonetheless

• This argument is not reasonable/acceptable

• 相反观点：
• digital media替代textbook后带来的坏处更多直接写不好的地方
• 并且多写几句 针对discussion的文章

• 坏处有哪些？
• 可能会有硬件/软件问题经常性的维修保养
• 伤眼睛
• Certain software or hardware failure may affect the use of
electronic materials, which can lead to frequent maintenance
• In addition, screen glare and eyestrain are serious concerns for
many users of digital technology since the display resolution of
computer screens or electronic devices is considerably less than
the print quality produced by a printing press.
• On the contrary, there is no denying that Certain software or
hardware failure may affect the use of electronic materials, which
can lead to frequent maintenance. In addition, screen glare and
eyestrain are serious concerns for any users of digital technology
since the display resolution of computer screens or electronic
devices is considerably less than the print quality produced by a
printing press.

• Nevertheless, these arguments are not reasonable/acceptable

 Body 2

Con/S

Topic Sentence 观点2来支持你的

立场

Ø It should be pointed out that ____ 正方观点2

 观点2

• 用观点2支持你之前的立场

• 立场： Digital media替代传统的textbook的优点更多

• 观点2:
• 环保 environmentally friendly

• It should be pointed out that there is a ubiquitous agreement

that digital media, as a way of information storage, is much
more environmentally friendly compared to books.
• Body 2 迄今为止写了：

» On the contrary, there is no denying that Certain software or hardware failure

may affect the use of electronic materials, which can lead to frequent
maintenance. In addition, screen glare and eyestrain are serious concerns for
any users of digital technology since the display resolution of computer screens
or electronic devices is considerably less than the print quality produced by a
printing press.

» Nevertheless, these arguments is not reasonable/acceptable

» It should be pointed out that there is a ubiquitous agreement that digital media,
as a way of information storage, is much more environmentally friendly
compared to books.
 Body 2

Con/S

T/S

Developing
Sentence 解释你的观点2

n 解释观点2

n 解释: As a matter of fact,…

n 树不会被砍了，保护大森林缓解global warming
• As a matter of fact, all the trees that were cut down to make paper for
books could have been saved if digital media had replaced the
textbooks. Hence, choosing digital media over traditional textbooks will
not cause significant harm to the environment, which might help
mitigate deforestation and global warming.
 答案解析 –Body 2
On the contrary, there is no denying that certain software or hardware failure may affect
the use of electronic materials, which can lead to frequent maintenance. In addition,
screen glare and eyestrain are serious concerns for any users of digital technology since
the display resolution of computer screens or electronic devices is considerably less than
the print quality produced by a printing press.

Nevertheless, these arguments are not reasonable

It should be pointed out that there is a ubiquitous agreement that digital media, as a way
of information storage, is much more environmentally friendly compared to books.

As a matter of fact, all the trees that were cut down to make paper for books could have
been saved if digital media had replaced the textbooks. Hence, choosing digital media
over traditional textbooks will not cause significant harm to the environment, which
might help mitigate deforestation and global warming.
 文章结构与框架 – Conclusion

1 Sentence
Topic Sentences
再次表明立场

1 Sentence
Conclusion 反方观点总结

1~2 Sentences
正方观点总结
 Conclusion Answer the question

§ 首尾呼应，再次明确自己立场，结构上更加完整缜密
§ 表示‘结论’的指示词：
§ In conclusion
§ To draw a conclusion
§ In a nutshell
In a nutshell, having considered all the arguments above, we may safely
reach the conclusion that ________.
§ In a nutshell, having considered all the arguments above, we may
safely reach the conclusion that it is necessary for universities to
procure digital materials rather than traditional textbooks
 反方观点 ➕ 正方观点

Ø 让步状语从句：‘尽管…’‘即使…’
Ø 注意：although/ though 和 but 不可以连用， 但可以与
still 和 yet 连用
Ø 句型：

正方观点
反方观点 _____________.
Although ___________,

反方观点
While/ Even though ___________, 正方观点
___________.

Despite the fact that ___________, _____________.

反方观点 正方观点
 Conclusion
In a nutshell, having considered all the arguments above, we
may safely reach the conclusion that it is necessary for
universities to procure digital materials rather than
traditional textbooks

Even though there are some technical and health issues

associated with digital materials, great convenience and the
protection of the environment can bring more benefits.
 真题总结
With the increase of digital media available online, the role of the
library has become obsolete. Universities should only procure digital
materials rather than constantly textbooks. Discuss both the
advantages and disadvantages of this position and give your own
point of view
Outline:
B1:

The replacement of textbooks

Overcome geographical barriers ; easy to use; convenient
by digital media could be
It is easy and convenient to use digital materials
inevitable and more
beneficial ；
More advantages could be
brought by the widespread
use of digital media
 答案解析 –Body 1
It is generally acknowledged that the replacement of textbooks by digital media could be
inevitable and more beneficial due to the fact that it is effortless to use digital materials
instead of traditional textbooks and an individual can overcome geographical barriers
with the assistance of digital media.

The reason is that an easy access to contents anywhere and anytime with digital media is
something that textbooks cannot even come close to, and with Internet connectivity, a
mobile device can become a portable library.

For example, instead of spending countless time locating the exact page on an exact
book or periodical in the library, searching for references for your research has become
such a straightforward task with just a few presses and clicks.

As a result, personal learning experience and efficiency will be improved and the
extensive use of digital materials will become a future trend.
 真题总结
With the increase of digital media available online, the role of the
library has become obsolete. Universities should only procure digital
materials rather than constantly textbooks. Discuss both the
advantages and disadvantages of this position and give your own
point of view
Outline:
B2:

树不会被砍了，保护大森林缓解global
Environmentally friendly
warming
 答案解析 –Body 2
On the contrary, there is no denying that certain software or hardware failure may affect
the use of electronic materials, which can lead to frequent maintenance. In addition,
screen glare and eyestrain are serious concerns for any users of digital technology since
the display resolution of computer screens or electronic devices is considerably less than
the print quality produced by a printing press.

Nevertheless, these arguments are not reasonable

It should be pointed out that there is a ubiquitous agreement that digital media, as a way
of information storage, is much more environmentally friendly compared to books.

As a matter of fact, all the trees that were cut down to make paper for books could have
been saved if digital media had replaced the textbooks. Hence, choosing digital media
over traditional textbooks will not cause significant harm to the environment, which
might help mitigate deforestation and global warming.
 Conclusion
In a nutshell, having considered all the arguments above, we
may safely reach the conclusion that it is necessary for
universities to procure digital materials rather than
traditional textbooks

Even though there are some technical and health issues

associated with digital materials, great convenience and the
protection of environment can bring more benefits.
大作文模版
§ In contemporary society, the controversial topic with respect
to…（背景）…can never be ignored by the public. There has
been an ongoing debate on whether…（题目）. From my
perspective, I tend to be the opponent/advocate regarding this
issue.

§ It is generally acknowledged that… （立场）due to the fact

that….（正方观点1）. The reason is that …（解释). For
example,……/ To illustrate this point of view, … （例子） can be a
cogent example. As a result, …（观点结果➕点题结果）
§ On the contrary, there is no denying that…（反方观点）
Nonetheless , this argument is not fair（反驳）. It should be pointed
out that….（正方观点2）. As a matter of fact,… （解释➕小结果）

§ In a nutshell, having considered all the arguments above, we may

safely reach the conclusion that…（立场）. Even though…..（反方观
点），…..（正方观点）
 报告➕解决问题

Governments and international institution are faced with many global

problems. What these problems could be? Solution?

Most
 报告➕解决方案模版
• Intro
• Nowadays, It has become a growing trend to see an upsurge in something (重写题
目）
• There is a wide range of factors that account for why this is happening. In my
opinion, this situation can be remedied, provided that some effective measures are
taken. （表明文章意图）

• Body1
• It is generally acknowledged that the issues are various.
• The first point with respect to this is that … （观点）
• This is due to the fact that .... . To be more specific ... （解释）
• As a matter of fact, ...(support) （补充解释）
• Body2：
• For the reasons given above , the solutions to deal with this issue should
also be numerous.
• Primarily, … has the responsibility and obligation to take some
actions.(solution 1)
• For instance, ... （补充解释）
• In addition, … (solution 2)
• Last but not least, … (solution 3)  根据个人情况来决定需不需要写3

• Conclusion:
• In a nutshell, having considered all the arguments above, we may safely
reach the conclusion that the problem of （topic）can be addressed if the
suggested measures are followed.
• Additionally, I would suggest that it seems highly wise and vital for ...to ....
（呼吁）
Nowadays, it has become a growing trend to see an upsurge in global problems. There is a wide range of
factors that account for why they are happening. In my opinion, this situation can be remedied, provided
that some effective measures are taken.

It is generally acknowledged that the issues are various. The first point with respect to this is that global
warming will probably make life harder instead of easier for most people. This is due to the fact that global
warming could result in the flooding of low lying coastal areas and cities, which is an enormous threat to
human life and properties.

在这个之后原则上需要写模版里的下面两个斜体地方，如果想不到怎么写也没有关系，那么就再说一个problem。

To be more specific ... （解释）. As a matter of fact, ...(support) （补充解释）

接着上面的写：

In addition, littering (乱扔垃圾) has been another major issue around the world. This is because people
consume much more products than before and many of the products have been over-packaged. To be
more specific, fast-paced life has made people pursue convenience more than ever before with the great
favouritism in using disposable bags and tools.
Body2：

For the reasons given above, the solutions to deal with this issue should also be numerous.
Primarily, the government has the responsibility and obligation to take some actions. For
instance, governments could increase the financial investment in the research of finding
alternative energy and the government should also make it mandatory for retailers to charge
for plastic bags.

In addition, the media should start propaganda to raise the environmental awareness of the
citizens and instruct them to follow recycling procedures.

Conclusion:

In a nutshell, having considered all the arguments above, we may safely reach the conclusion
that the global problems can be addressed if the suggested measures are followed.
Additionally, I would suggest that it seems highly wise and vital for individuals to take actions
to build a peaceful and harmonious society
 6579 注意的知识点

• 好的写作在‘大方向’上一定满足高分‘结构’➕‘逻辑’

• 逻辑：需要有‘层次感’，‘由浅到深’，‘层层递进’

• 结构：Intro ➕ Body 1 ➕ Body 2 ➕ Conclusion

• ‘小方向’上：正确语法，学术词汇，词汇丰富 等等

• 65 分要求同学们没有语法错误的写出来就好。但是79分同学需要在
文章logical flow，结构，精简度 （简而精）上下功夫

• 除了做好写作本身之外，其他影响写作的题型有没有做好？
• SST, FIB, WFD，阅读下拉fib
 6579 注意的知识点

• 写作本身方面，根据自己的能力尽可能的使用从句和长句子，尽量少
的使用简单句（前提是你的语法水平过关，不要为了写长句子导致满
篇都是语法错误）

• 多用同义词替换，不要满篇文章一个单词
• 替换单词不要总是局限在‘词换词’，要灵活
 65对比79 – 结构➕逻辑
65 79
• Introduction • Introduction
• Background • Background
• Topic • Topic
• Opinion • Opinion
• Body 1 • Body 1
• 立场/观点 • 立场➕观点1
• 解释
• 结果
• 例子
• 罗列观点 • 结果
• Body 2 • Body 2
• 立场/观点 2 • 让步➕反驳
• 结构 • 观点2
• 再罗列观点 • 解释
• Conclusion • Conclusion
• 一句话总结自己的文章 • 再次表明立场
• 对立观点
• 支持观点
 65对比79 – 词语多样性
65 79
• 内容上词汇丰富，专业
• 你把模版上的词写成我都不认识的
• 写学术词汇
不就好了吗？
• Went to  enrol /
• 所有的词汇累积到topic上面，
attend/participate in
topic上的词是采分点，而不是模
版上的词  内容上带给你高分 • Things  curriculum/ syllabus/

• 口语的方式写文章 course content/outline

• I went to a pte class and the things • Said  taught/

he said are very good advised/demonstrated/ informed
• Very good  informative/ practical
 65对比79 – 句子
65 79

• Many schools are eager to • Many schools are eager to

hire experienced employees. hire employees who
Employees should possess
possess the organisational
the organizational skills and
skills needed to complete
organizational skills can
the duties associated with
complete duties and those
duties can be found in teaching.
teaching. • 简而精
• 一堆简单句拼凑而成 • 正确的复杂句
 3类essay结构模板区别

观点题 （一边倒） 利弊题 P/S/两个问题

Body 1 正方观点1 正方观点1 Problem

Body2 让步句 ➕ 正方 让步句中多写 ➕ Solution

观点2 正方观点2
 检查

• 写作一定要仔细再仔细的检查准确性：
• 拼写

• 词汇

• 表达

• 语法

• 格式
逻辑连词总结
 小贴士

• 课下一定要学会熟练地构思正确的‘结构’和；逻辑思维

• 写作一定要留出时间检查

• 按照模版分段写

• 熟练使用连接词/逻辑词等

• 提高自己打字速度
SWT
Summarize Written Text
• 题目数量：2-3个

• 单独计时：10 min

• 时间规划：
– 2-3 min 看文章➕构思

– 5 min 左右写总结

– 2-3 min 检查�

– 检查三部曲：语法，格式，信息
• 内容：good summary；all relevant aspects

• 格式：一句完整的话，5-75词；首字母大写，最后点句号，
其他的用逗号和连接词连接
• 语法：正确的语法结构，对准确性提出要求

• 词汇：选择正确的词汇，正确的搭配

• 无spelling分数
 ❌易错点❌

• 不是一句话❌

• 格式不正确（没符合字数要求区间）❌

• 用逗号连接两个句子❌

• 最常见：筛选的信息不是重点（不知道如何筛选信息）❌
 解题技巧四步曲

• 选择：哪些信息是summary应该写的，哪些不是

• 拼凑：挑选出正确信息后的拼凑

• 完成：按照规定，完成一个完整的句子

• 检查：语法，格式，信息
 选择
• 表达作者观点的句子
» I think, agree, argue, as far as I am concerned …

» 我认为特朗普和金正恩的见面将大大推动美朝关系迈入新的高度

• 总结性信息：
» To sum up; In brief； Generally speaking; Conclusion; In fact; we can say; basically

» To sum up, 黑科技的教学水平确实更能出成绩

• 对比转折信息：
» Although; however; but; In contrast； instead…

» But 之后的内容

» 我很丑，但是我在北京10套房 （但是：更加凸显你想说的重点）
• 因果关系信息:
• Because; for; as; since;
• therefore; thus; hence…
• Because 之前的内容
• 我迟到了，因为路上堵车 （‘因为’的部分是帮助你理解）
• Therefore之后的内容

• 表示递进：
• In addition, what’s more…
• 进一步的解释说明 一般可以不用放到summary
• 再提出来一个观点 需要放到summary

News Corp owns and operates about 35 TV stations, as well as a portfolio of cable
networks. Its publishing business includes HarperCollins, along with several newspapers
and magazines. In addition, News Corp. also owns almost 40 percent of satellite
broadcasters DIRECTV and British Sky Broadcasting.
 Facebook‘s algorithm takes into account a number of factors
to determine whether a person will see the content, including
how a person reacted to that type of content in the past. In
addition, it also takes into account how a person will react to a
certain person.

• 留心段首段尾句

» 开头‘开门见山’亮出观点

» 结尾总结

• 留心一下疑问句➕自问自答 或者 疑问句

• 强调句/任何有强调语气的句子
 选择（不要哪些信息）
• 细节描述
– 例子
– 细节
– 含有具体人名具体数字具体地点的大多数为例子
• 通过临床试验和数据记录发现，A这种药包含xxx成分，可以有效针对xxx细菌，
治愈了xxx个病人 ，帮助xxx个病人解决了xxx烦恼

• 连接词前后无用信息
– Because后面内容； but 前面内容
– 我很丑，但是我在北京10套房
– 我迟到了，因为路上堵车
 选择（不要哪些信息）

• 同位语
– 指代同一事物的两个结构；对前者进一步的修饰，限定，说明

– 把同位语去掉，对句子任何影响都没有

– Nathan , our new teacher, is very kind to us

• 对某些论点的进一步解释说明
– 会提高理解度，帮助你理解论点，但是不用放到summary里
 选择

• 相同的意思进行取舍

• 不同方面的重要观点，进行列举

• �照抄句子也需要照抄的聪明：别直接把代词写出来,告诉电脑指代
的是什么�
 如何写summary

• 用 ‘while A, B’ 把不同的事放到一个句子里
– While she used to study accounting, she is now a property
consultant

• 用‘定语从句’/‘同位语从句’把不同的事放到一个句子里
– The girl， who used to study accounting，is a property
manager right now

• 用逻辑连接词： and； so ；but ； while

 定语从句和同位语从句区别
• 定语从句是形容词从句，其句法功能相当于一个形容词，与前面的名词是修饰与
被修饰关系，可以翻译成‘xxx的’;

• 同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解
释，即说明它前面名词的内容。
– The news that he told me just now is true.

– The news that I have passed the exam is true.

• 同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系， 可用“主 系 表”结构来表

示，而定语从句则没有这种关系。
– The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的消息是真的。（同位语从句）

– 若用“主 系 表”结构来表示，则是 The news is that he won the first place.

 定语从句和同位语从句区别
• 定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词

• 同位语从句的名词通常只是 news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，
thought，hope，message，suggestion，possibility 等少数几个。

• 引导两种从句的连接词也不完全一样。可以引导定语从句的连接词有 that，
which，who，whom，whose，when，where，why 等。

• 可以引导同位语从句的连接词有 that，whether，when，where，how 等。

– The factory which / that we visited yesterday is a chemical one. 我们昨天参观的那家工

厂是化工厂。（定语从句）

– I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this
afternoon. 我从王先生那里得知一个消息，他今天下午不能来看你了。（同位语）
 定语从句和同位语从句区别
• 定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中
的引导词在从句中起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。
– The idea that he gave surprises many people. 他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 （定语从句，
that 在从句中作 gave 的宾语）

– The fact that they didn’t finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。
（同位语从句， that 在从句中只起连接作用，引导从句解释 fact 的内容，不作任何句子成分）

• 引导定语从句的连接词有时可以省去，而引导同位语从句的连接词则不可省去。
– I’ll keep the promise （that / which） I made two years ago. 我将履行两年前许下的诺言。 （定
语从句）

– I make a promise that I will write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.

我许诺，我一到北京就给你写信。（同位语从句）
 标点符号的使用
• The car cost me $100, I am going to buy it. ❌

• The car cost me $100. I am going to buy it. ✅

• The car cost me $100 and I am going to buy it ✅

• The car cost me $100，which makes me want to buy it ✅

（which的一种特殊用法，引导从句修饰前面的整个主句）

• 注意：不能用逗号去连接两个句子（中国考生常常犯的写作错误）

• 写成两个句子/ 用连接词连接/写成从句

• A,B,C,AND D
Why and to what extent should parents control their children’s TV watching? There is certainly nothing

inherently wrong with TV. The problem is how much television a child watches and what effect it has on

his life. Research has shown that as the amount of time spent watching TV goes up, the amount of time

devoted not only to homework and study but other important aspects of life such as social development

and physical activities decreases.

Television is bound to have it tremendous impact on a child, both in terms of how many hours a week he

watches TV and of what he sees. When a parent is concerned about the effects of television, he should

consider a number of things: what TV offers the child in terms of information and knowledge, how many

hours a week a youngster his age should watch television, the impact of violence and sex, and the

influence of commercials.

What about the family as a whole? Is the TV set a central piece of furniture in your home! Is it flicked on

the moment someone enters the empty house? Is it on during the daytime? Is it part of the background

noise of your family life? Do you demonstrate by your own viewing that television should be watched

selectively?
Why and to what extent should parents control their children’s TV watching? There is certainly nothing
inherently wrong with TV. The problem is how much television a child watches and what effect it has on his life.
Research has shown that as the amount of time spent watching TV goes up, the amount of time devoted not
only to homework and study but other important aspects of life such as social development and physical
activities decreases.

Television is bound to have it tremendous impact on a child, both in terms of how many hours a week he
watches TV and of what he sees. When a parent is concerned about the effects of television, he should consider
a number of things: what TV offers the child in terms of information and knowledge, how many hours a week a
youngster his age should watch television, the impact of violence and sex, and the influence of commercials.

What about the family as a whole? Is the TV set a central piece of furniture in your home! Is it flicked on the
moment someone enters the empty house? Is it on during the daytime? Is it part of the background noise of
your family life? Do you demonstrate by your own viewing that television should be watched selectively?
• Parents should control their children’s TV watching

• How much television a child watches and what effect it has on

his life.

• The amount of time spent watching TV goes up, the amount of

time devoted to other important aspects decreases.

• Television is bound to have it tremendous impact on a child

• Parents should consider TV information and knowledge

• Consider the impact of inappropriate contents

• Consider the influence of commercials.

 拼凑
• 拼凑成一句话
– 开头字母大写

– 中间不要出现句号，可以有逗号

– 句号点在末尾

• 根据不同的句子关系，选择不同的连接词

• 巧妙使用从句
– He told me a news just now, and the news is true

–  The news that he told me just now is true

 完成
• Parents should control their children’s TV watching, especially on how much television
a child watches and what effect it has on his life, and when the amount of time spent
watching TV goes up, the amount of time devoted to other important aspects
decreases, and television is bound to have tremendous impact on children so parents
should consider TV information and knowledge and the impact of inappropriate
contents and commercials.

• TV watching, which can be considered to have profound effects on children, should be

monitored by parents when it comes to information, knowledge and impacts of
inappropriate contents that are associated with television ，and the time of TV
watching is inversely proportional to that of other important aspects such as social
development and physical activities
 检查
• 格式：
• 是不是一句话

• 字数是不是5-75

• 语法：
• 有没有语法成分的缺失（主谓宾/主谓/主系表）

• 动词三单/过去式是否正确

• 连接词是否用的正确

• 信息：
• 有没有信息点遗漏
 小帖士

• 直接从文章中选取关键点，用连接词连接

• 熟悉不同逻辑下的不同连接词

• 增强信息的整合合并能力，取其精华，去其糟粕

• 留出时间检查（按照‘检查三部曲’）