DR.

MARIBEL TUBERA, PHD

ENVIRONMENTAL • Architect
IMPACT ASSESSMENT • Environmental planner
• MS Construction Management
February 6, 2025 • Doctor of Business Administration
6:30-10:30 PM • Post-Doctor in Quality Management
WHAT IS YOUR PROFESSION?
ARCHITECT
CIVIL ENGINEER
OTHERS
Flow of Discussion
n History of EIA
n EIA areas of concern
n EIA Philippines
n EIA process
The history of EIA
n “Silent Spring” written by Rachel Carson was
published in 1962- social awareness to
environmental issues in the US had reached
high proportions and grew as very intense
movements at the latter half of 1960’s.

n 1969, NEPA (National Environment Policy Act)

came into force in USA.

n The concept of strategic environmental

assessment (SEA) is applying EIA consideration in
earlier stage of policy-making, become prevailing
and some practical cases are reported.
Countries with EIA systems after US
n 1969 - US
• 1974 – Australia
• 1975 – Thailand
• 1976 – France
• 1978 – Philippines
• 1981 – Israel
• 1983 – Pakistan
EIA shield against adverse impacts of
development???
The buildings in which we live, work, and play
protect us from nature's extremes.

Buildings and development provide countless

benefits to society, yet they also affect our
health and environment in countless ways.
Depletion of Natural Resources

n The construction industry accounts for almost

75% of total raw material used.

Land Oil Timber

Clay Sand Coal
Lead Silica Limestone
Iron Zinc Tin
Slate Gypsum Natural
Gas
 Before starting the construction of any
development project or housing project, it is
essential to evaluate that project’s
environmental impacts on the
surrounding environment. These impacts
may be beneficial or detrimental.
 Climatic Effects

n Urban Heat Island Effect

is a metropolitan area which is significantly

warmer than its surrounding rural areas

Heat islands can affect communities by

increasing summertime peak energy demand,
air conditioning costs, air pollution and
greenhouse gas emissions, heat-related
illness and mortality, and water quality.
Environmental Connections to Construction Materials
Concerns
Global climate Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from
change energy use, non-fossil fuel emission
materials manufacture, transportation of
materials, landfill gases
Fossil fuel depletion Electricity and direct fossil fuel usage

Stratospheric ozone Emission of CFCs, HCFCs, halons, nitrogen

depletion oxides

Air pollution Fossil fuel combustion, mining, material

processing, manufacturing processes,
Smog transport, construction and demolition

Acidification Sulphur and Nox, emissions from fossil fuel

combustion, smelting, acid leaching, acid
mine drainage and cleaning
Environmental Connections to Construction Materials
Concerns

Eutrophication Manufacturing effluents, nutrients from nonpoint

source runoff, fertilizers, waste disposal

Deforestation, Commercial forest and agriculture, resource

desertification & extraction, mining, dredging
Soil Erosion
Habitat alteration Land appropriated from mining, excavating, and
harvesting materials. Growing of biomaterials,
manufacturing, waste disposal

Loss of biodiversity Resource extraction, water usage, acid deposition,

thermal pollution

Water resource Water usage & effluent discharges of processing &

depletion manufacturing

Ecological toxicity Solid waste and emission from mining and

manufacturing, use, maintenance & disposal of
construction materials
EIA around the World

n United States
Under United States
environmental law an
Environmental Assessment (EA)
is compiled to determine the
need for an Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS), and
originated in the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA),
enacted in 1969.
EIA around the World
n Australia

One of the pioneering states was New South Wales,

whose State Pollution Control Commission issued EIA
guidelines in 1974.
Passing of the Environment Protection (Impact of Proposals)
Act in 1974.
The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation
Act 1999 (EPBC) superseded the Environment Protection
(Impact of Proposals) Act 1974 and is the current central piece
for EIA in Australia on a Commonwealth (Federal) level.
 EIA around the World

Canada
The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act
(CEAA) is the legal basis for the federal
environmental assessment (EA) process. CEAA
came into force in 1995.

Legislative amendments were introduced in 2001

and came into force on October 30, 2003.
EIA around the World

n China

EIAs are governed in China by the

Environmental Impact Assessment Law
(effective September 1, 2003)
China's State Environmental Protection
Administration (SEPA) used the legislation to halt 30
projects in 2004, including three hydro-power plants
under the Three Gorges Project Company.
EIA around the World

n European Union

European Union Directive (85/337/EEC) on Environmental

Impact Assessments (known as the EIA Directive) was first
introduced in 1985 and was amended in 1997.
The directive was amended again in 2003, following EU
signature of the 1998 Aarhus Convention.
In 2001, the issue was enlarged to the assessment of plans and
programmes by the so called Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA) Directive (2001/42/EC), which is now in
force.
Environmental Impact Assessment

“A procedure that ensures that the environmental

implications of decisions are taken into account
before the decisions are made”.
- European Commission
EIA

“Describes a procedure that must be followed for

certain types of project before they can be given
'development consent'.

The procedure is a means of drawing together, in

a systematic way, an assessment of a project's
likely significant environmental effects”.

- Department for Communities and Local Government, UK

 EIA

“Refers to both a decision-making process

and a document that provides a systematic,
reproducible, and interdisciplinary evaluation of
the potential physical, biological, cultural, and
socioeconomic effects of a proposed action and
its practical alternatives”.
- US Environmental Protection Agency
EIA Philippines

“Process that involves predicting and

evaluating the likely impacts of a
project (including cumulative impacts)
on the environment during construction,
commissioning, operation and
abandonment.

- RP’s DENR EMB

EIA Philippines

It also includes designing appropriate

preventive, mitigating and
enhancement measures addressing
these consequences to protect the
environment and the community’s
welfare”.
-
RP’s DENR EMB
“EIA is thus an anticipatory,
participatory design, planning and
environmental management tool.”
- The Royal Town Planning Institute, UK
EIA
n A study to predict the effect of proposed project
on the environment.

n It compares various alternatives and seeks to

identify the one which represents the best
combination of economic and environmental
cost and benefits.
Core Values of EIA

n Integrity – the process should be fair,

objective, unbiased and balanced

n Utility – the process should be balanced,

credible information for decision making

n Sustainability – the process should result in

environmental safeguard
 Objectives of environmental
impact assessment
1. To identify the construction project’s
probable impact on the environment and the
surrounding area.

2. To determine the environmental

compatibility of any housing or building
project.
 Objectives of environmental
impact assessment
3. To evaluate and select the best alternatives
of technology, materials, etc., that create
less impact on the environment.

4. To study the existing bio-geo physical and

socio-economic conditions of the area where
the project will be executed and its impact
on them.
 Objectives of environmental
impact assessment
5. To assess and weigh the environmental
costs and the benefits of the development
project to the community.

6. The EIA will help incorporate the various

environmental management plans and
monitor multiple mechanisms to minimize
the short-term and long-term impacts.
EIA benefits and flaws
BENEFITS FLAWS
Provides systematic method of Time consuming
impact assessment
Estimates the cost/benefit trade-off Costly
of alternative actions
Facilitates public participation Little public participation in actual
implementation
Provides an effective mechanism Unavailability of reliable data
for coordination, environmental (mostly in developing countries)
integration, negotiations and
feedback

Top-level decision making Too focused to scientific analysis

Achieves a balance between the Compliance monitoring after EIA is
impact of development and seldom carried out
environmental concern
 It is essential to evaluate and
determine the impact of the
proposed project on the environment so
that the required measures can be taken and
the changes can be done in the project to
ensure that it will not badly affect
the environment.
 What Types of Environmental
Impacts Are Analyzed to determine
the impact of the proposed project?

Please type your answers in the

chat box
 What Types Of Environmental
Impacts Are Analyzed?
1. Quality of Air
n The air quality present in the environment is
predicted and evaluated.
n Quantity of emission of harmful gases from
the construction project.
n Impact of the emissions on the nearby area
n Meteorological data such as wind speed, the
direction of the wind, and the humidity.
n Standards of the air quality
 What Types Of Environmental
Impacts Are Analyzed?
2. Noise Level
n The levels of noise in the
surroundings due to the project are
predicted.
n Different strategies can be
implemented for the reduction of
noise pollution.
 What Types Of Environmental
Impacts Are Analyzed?
3. Water Quality As Well As Quantity
n Different groundwater resources and surface
water resources in the vicinity.
n Impact of the proposed project on the quality
and the quantity of the water.
n Waste water and its treatment and use for other
purposes.
n Rain-water harvesting
n Disposal of storm water
 What Types Of Environmental
Impacts Are Analyzed?
4. Land Environment
n Study of the soil characteristics,

n Uses of the land, drainage patterns,

and the impact of the project.
n Study of land erosion, land
degradation etc.
n Impact on flora, fauna, wildlife etc.
Environmental Impact
Assessment in the Philippines
 Legal Background
The 1987 Philippine Constitution
“The State shall protect and advance the right of
the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in
accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.”
- Article II, Section 16
PD 1151 (1977):
Philippine Environmental Policy

• Required sponsors of all government and

private projects affecting the quality of the
environment to prepare an assessment of
the project’s environmental impacts
PD 1151 (1977):
Philippine Environmental Policy
• “urgent need to formulate an intensive,
integrated program of environmental
protection that will bring about a concerted
effort towards the protection of the entire
spectrum of the environment through a
requirement of environmental impact
assessments and statements.”
PD 1151-
PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

• Tooknote of the conflicting demands of:

– The individual
– Population growth
– Industrial expansion
– Rapid natural resource utilization
– Increasing technological advances
PD 1151-
PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

the right of the people to

• Recognized

a healthy environment
 PD 1151-
PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
• Requires:
– ALL agencies & instrumentalities of the
national government
– Government-owned & controlled corporations
– Private corporations, firms, and entities

• To prepare, file, & include in EVERY action,

project or undertaking which
SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTS the environment
PD 1152 (1977):
Philippine Environmental Code
n Required all land use management regulating
or enforcing agencies to consider significant
environmental impacts, as well as other
aspects of locating industries.
 PD 1586 (1978):
Philippine EIA System
• Establishing an Environmental
Impact Statement System including
Other Environmental Management
related Measures and for Other
Purposes
 PD 1586 (1978):
Philippine EIA System
• Centralized the EIS System under the
(then) National Environmental Protection
Council (NEPC), and authorized the
President and the NEPC to proclaim
projects and activities subject to the EIS
system;

• Placed the Pollution Adjudication Board

(PAB) (created by PD 984) under NEPC
PD 1586 (1978):
Philippine EIA System

• Established to facilitate the attainment

& maintenance of a rational & orderly
balance between socio-economic
growth & environmental protection
PD 1586 (1978):
Philippine EIA System
• Introduced the concepts of Environmentally
Critical Projects (ECP) and projects within
Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA) as
projects requiring the submission of an
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
PD 1586 (1978): Philippine EIA System
No person, partnership or
corporation shall undertake
or operate any
environmentally critical
project (ECP) or locate a
project within
environmentally critical
areas (ECA) without first
securing an
Environmental
Compliance Certificate.
(1979)IRR-PD 1586
n Defined the parameters for EIS;
n established penalty structures for non-
compliance;
n created the EIA review committee;
n set the procedures for implementing the EIS
system;
n provided for exemptions, &
n established procedures for public hearings related
to an EIS.
(1981) PP 2146 ECAs and ECPs

• Proclaimed certain areas and types of projects

as environmentally critical (ECAs & ECPs) and
within the scope of the EIS system

(1983) NEPC Office Circular No. 3

• Provided a technical definition and scope for
environmentally critical projects and areas
 Environmentally Critical Projects
I. Heavy Industries

a. Non-ferrous metal industries

b. Iron and steel mills
c. Petroleum and petrochemical industries
including oil and gas
d. Smelting plants
 Environmentally Critical Projects
II. Resource Extractive Industries

a. Major mining and quarrying projects

b. Forestry projects
1. Logging
2. Major wood processing projects
3. Introduction of fauna (exotic-animals) in
public/private forests
4. Forest occupancy
5. Extraction of mangrove products
6. Grazing
c. Fishery Projects
1. Dikes for/and fishpond development projects
Environmentally Critical Projects
III. Infrastructure Projects

a. Major dams
b. Major power plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear
fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal)
c. Major reclamation projects
d. Major roads and bridges
 PROC. 2146 (1981)
Environmentally Critical Areas
1. All areas declared by law as national parks,
watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, &
sanctuaries

2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist

spots
 PROC. 2146 (1981)
Environmentally Critical Areas
3. Areas which constitute the habitat for
any endangered or threatened
species of indigenous Philippine
wildlife (flora or fauna)

4. Areas of unique historic,

archeological, or scientific interests
 PROC. 2146 (1981)
Environmentally Critical Areas
5. Areas which are traditionally occupied
by cultural communities or tribes

6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit

by natural calamities, geologic hazards,
floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.
 PROC. 2146 (1981)
Environmentally Critical Areas
7. Areas with critical slopes

8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands

9. Recharged areas of aquifers

10.Water bodies (tapped for domestic

purposes, within protected areas; which
support wildlife and fishery activities)
 PROC. 2146 (1981) PROC. 2146 (1981)

Environmentally Critical Areas

11.Mangrove areas (primary and pristine,
adjoining mouth of major river
systems, natural buffers etc.)

12.Coral reefs (50% and above, spawning

and nursery, act as natural breakwater
of coastlines)
(1984) Revision of IRR-PD 1586

n Limited the EIS to ECPs;

n set the requirements for ECAs;
n established fee structures & compliance
monitoring system;
n called for closure of ECPs operating without
ECC;
n authorized the NEPC to cancel an ECC for
grantees’ violations of conditions or other
standards & rules and regulations
ECAs – Environmentally Critical Areas
ECPs – Environmentally Critical Projects
 (1987) EO 192 DENR Reorganization

• Established the central & regional structure of

DENR, including EMB; abolished the NEPC &
transferred its powers & functions to EMB;
PAB placed under the administrative
jurisdiction of DENR

• EMB – Environmental Management Bureau

THE ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT BUREAU (EMB)

n EMB - merger of two offices

q National Pollution Control Commission
(NPCC)
q National Environmental Protection Council
(NEPC).

q It was created as a staff bureau of the

Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR) in 1987 by virtue of
Executive Order (E.O.) 192.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT BUREAU (EMB)

q The Environmental Quality Division (now

known as Pollution Control Division)
implements the National Pollution Control Law
(Presidential Decree 984) while
the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
System law (Presidential Decree 1586) is
being enforced by EMB, particularly on the
environmentally critical projects (ECP)
classified under environmentally critical areas
(ECAs).
EMB
n Implementation of Republic Act 6969, otherwise
known as Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear
Wastes Control Act.
n Philippine Clean Air Act (R.A. 8749) on June 23, 1999
n Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (R.A. 9003)
n R.A. 9275 or the 2004 Philippine Clean Water Act
n R.A. 9512, or the Environmental Education and
Awareness Act
(1992) DENR DAO 21 Amending IRR-PD1586

n Decentralized certain EIA functions to DENR

regional offices; defined the need for public
hearings; established the concept of multi-
sectoral monitoring team and Environmental
Guarantee Fund.

(1991-92) RA 7160; IRR Local Government Code

Transferred certain environmental functions to LGUs
and provided for the position of ENROs in provinces,
cities and municipalities.

DAO – Department Administrative Order

(1992) DENR DAO 30 Amending IRR-PD1586

n Assigned to LGUs the functions of issuing

ECCs and adjudicating cases involving
environmental complaints against small
projects and businesses.

(1996) DENR DAO 37

• Set the operational details on implementing
the EIS system
• Set the legal basis for DENR’s administrative
and technical actions to respond to issues
emerging from the implementation of DAO
96-37

DENR Environmental Management Bureau

released in 2007 the Revised Procedural
Manual containing more detailed guidelines
and procedures in implementing the
Philippine EIS system.
The Philippine Environmental
Impact Statement System
(PEISS)

Presidential Proclamation (PP) 2146

Legal Framework of the PEISS
n Presidential Decree (PD) 1586 (1978)
n Presidential Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) and
No. 803
n DENR Administrative Order No. 37 (1996)
n Presidential Administrative Order No. 42 (2002)
n DENR Administrative Order No. 30 (2003)
including its REVISED PROCEDURAL MANUAL
 Philippine Policies Governing the
Implementation of the PEISS
•1987 Philippine Constitution
The State shall protect and advance the right
of the people to a balanced and healthful
ecology in accord with the rhythm and
harmony of nature.

nPD 1586 •AO 42

Optimum economic development
To attain and maintain
an orderly balance shall be achieved without delay
and shall be pursued to ensure
between socio-
that the present generation
economic growth and
environmental meets its needs w/o
protection compromising the needs of the
future generations
 Overview of the PEISS
n Environmental Impact Statement System
The entire process of organization,
administration, and procedures
institutionalized for purpose of assessing the
significance of the effects of any project or
undertaking on the quality of the physical,
biological and socio-economic environment, and
designing appropriate preventive, mitigating and
enhancement measures.
 Overview of the PEISS
Key Operating Principles
q Assessment of the direct and indirect impacts
of the project on the biophysical and human
environment
q Addressing project impacts by appropriate
environmental protection and enhancement
measures
q Responsibility of project proponents in
determining and disclosing all relevant information
necessary for a methodical assessment of
environmental impacts of the project
General Criteria in the Review of EIA Reports

q Integration of environmental
considerations into the over-all project
planning
q Assessment is technically sound and
proposed environmental mitigation
measures are effective
q Social acceptability is based on informed
public participation
Environmental Impact Assessment

n The process of
predicting the likely
environmental
consequences of
implementing a project
and designing
appropriate preventive
mitigating and
enhancement measures
Real Purpose of EIA
• To enhance planning and guide decision-
making for the proponent/ applicant and the
EMB
•The real value of the EIA Process is in the
reduction of adverse environmental
impact as a result of incremental
decision making before a proposed action
reaches final decision-making on whether it
should be allowed to proceed or not
EIA Process within the Project Cycle

Detailed assessment,
Findings and Identification of
recommendations of EIA mitigation needs,
considered in various inputs to CBA
permits and licenses
needed Site selection,
- envi screening,
Feasibility Pre-feasibility initial
Detailed design of assessment,
mitigation
scoping
measures
Project Conceptualization/
Detailed Engineering & Improvement
Design

Implementation
of mitigation
measures
Project Construction Operation & Monitoring and
& Development Maintenance Evaluation of
Environmental
Performance
 Overall Environmental Impact
Assessment Process
PROJECT PROPONENT
EMB DENR
SCREENING
Review and Evaluation:

SCOPING
Determi EIARC Review
nes if Public consultation /hearing
EIS is
Complete Site inspection
EIA STUDY:
Baseline Study
Impact Identification
Impact Prediction and Decision Making
Evaluation

MONITORING AND
IMPACT MITIGATION AND POST AUDIT
PREPARATION OF ENV. MGT.
PLAN

EIA DOCUMENTATION
and PRESENTATION OF
RESULT
EIA Stages
Determines if a project is covered or not covered by
the PEISS. If a project is covered, screening further
determines what document type the project should
1. Screening prepare to secure the needed approval, and what the
rest of the requirements are in terms of EMB office of
application, endorsing and decision authorities,
duration of processing.

Identifies the most significant issues/impacts of a

proposed project, and then, delimits the extent of
2. Scoping baseline information to those necessary to evaluate
and mitigate the impacts.

Involves a description of the proposed project and its

alternatives, characterization of the project
3. EIA Study and environment, impact identification and prediction,
Report Preparation evaluation of impact significance, impact mitigation,
formulation of Environmental Management and
Monitoring Plan,
EIA Stages
An EMB procedural screening for compliance to minimum
requirements specified during Scoping, followed by a
4. EIA Report substantive review of either composed third party experts
Review and commissioned by EMB as the EIA Review Committee for
Evaluation PEIS/EIS-based applications, or DENR/EMB internal
specialists, the Technical Committee, for IEE-based
applications.
Involves evaluation of EIA recommendations and the draft
decision document, resulting to the issuance of an ECC,
CNC or Denial Letter. When approved, a covered project is
5. Decision Making issued its certificate of Environmental Compliance
Commitment (ECC) while an application of a non-covered
project is issued a Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC).

Assesses performance of the Proponent against the

ECC and its commitments in the Environmental
6. Monitoring,
Management and Monitoring Plans to ensure actual
Validation and
impacts of the project are adequately prevented or
Evaluation
mitigated.
Public Participation in the EIA Process
(1992 Kuala Lampur Declaration of the ASEAN)

n Participation
- Process through which the stakeholders
influence and share control over priority
setting, policy-making, resource
allocations and access to public goods
and services
Scoping
1. Social Preparation / IEC of LGUs

2. Request for Scoping with EMB

3. Review Team Formation, Scheduling of

Three Level Scoping Activity
4. Conduct of Three Level Scoping Activity
1. Project briefing meeting with review team
2. Public scoping with community
3. Technical scoping with review team
5. Final Approval of Scoping Checklist
IEC – Information, Education and Communication
Public Participation in the EIA Process
- Public participation is a significant concept in the
EIA process. As provided for in several DENR
Administrative Orders implementing the EIS
System, it must be considered at the earliest
possible time during project cycle.

- It is because the environment involves not only

the biophysical but also the socio-economic
dimension of a proposed development. People
are part of the environment and are often the
subject of or directly affected by projects or
undertakings.
- Public participation becomes crucial in
making decisions that affect people’s lives
& their environment.

q People possess intimate knowledge about

their environment;
q Have needs and aspirations for socio-
economic upliftment; &
q Are recipients of benefits &/or
environmental stress arising from these
projects or undertakings.
Public Participation in the EIA Process

n Salient Features of Participation

- Joint Dialogue

- Active process

- People involvement

- People empowerment
n Public participation is the most effective
process to determine social acceptability
of a project or undertaking.

n It is a voluntary process in which people,

including marginal groups, come together
with project authorities to share, negotiate, &
control the decision-making process in
project design & management.
In the Philippines, public participation
has the following features:

-It is a process of joint dialogue because it

allows information exchange between the
proponent & stakeholders resulting to
transparency.

-It is an active process because the parties

involved influence the direction & execution of
project development.
In the Philippines, public participation
has the following features:
-It allows for people involvement in the
decision-making process and project
implementation as well as in monitoring and
evaluation of project.

It involves transferring of power to people

-
enabling them to negotiate with development
delivery systems and deciding and acting on
what is essential to their development.
Public Participation in the EIA Process
n Tools/Techniques of Public Participation
q Social preparation

q Scoping

q Information, Education & Communication (IEC)

Campaigns
q Public Consultation or Public Hearing (for

environmentally critical projects)

q Multi-stakeholder Monitoring Team (MMT)

formation
q Complaint resolution
Public Participation in the EIA Process
n Opportunities in Public Participation
q Improves decision-making
q Provides added sources of expertise
q Reduces level of misinformation and
distrust
q Empowers the citizens to take
responsibility in environmental protection
q Gives the people a voice to air their
concerns and promote their active
involvement in planning
 Project

EIA Required No EIA

EIA Process Flowchart

EIA Study Scoping

P
EIA Study / Report u
b
Change l
Project Plan / Review and i
Evaluation of EIA c
Relocate i
n
Deny Issue ECC v
ECC o
l
v
Secure necessary permits from other Gas and LGUs e
m
e
Expansion / Project Implementation n
Modification t

Monitoring and
Evaluation / Audit
Multi-Stakeholder Monitoring Team (MMT)

n A multi-sectoral team convened for

the primary purpose of monitoring
compliance by the proponent with the
ECC, the Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) and applicable laws, rules
and regulations.

q All projects covered by the PEISS and

issued with ECCs are basically required to
establish MMT.
Multi-Stakeholder Monitoring Team
n Functions of the MMT
- Monitor compliance with the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) and conditions in the ECC
- Prepare the MMT Manual of Operations (MOO), work
& financial plans, etc.
- Receive complaints/request from public-at-large
- Prepares Compliance Monitoring & Verification Report
(CMVR)
- Monitor implementation of IEC plans/programs and
social development program
Multi-Stakeholder Monitoring Team
n Composition of the MMT
- Local Government Units
- Affected Community
- NGO/POs Representatives
- Other Government Agencies
- Academe
- Church Groups
- Sectoral groups representing women, youth,
farmers, fisherfolks and other marginalized groups
- Others as identified in the scoping process
Multi-Stakeholder Monitoring Team
n MMT Non-members
q Project Proponent

n Provides funds for MMT operations

n Regularly inform MMT about project development;

monitoring results
n Respond to complaints

q EMB and DENR

n Initiate, assist and supervise the formation of MMT

and oversee its operations
n Update the MMT on new policies;
Multi-Stakeholder Monitoring Team
• Roles and Responsibilities of Members
•
q Be present or have a representative in all meetings and
deliberation.

q Initiate/attend meetings, community consultation,

briefings and other forms of IEC dissemination to
inform public of project activities and monitoring results

q Suggest most effective means of disclosing information

to the public as well as receive feedback/complaints
from community
Multi-Stakeholder Monitoring Team
n Structure of MMT
• EXECOM: EMB, LGU Official or designated rep.,
Proponent
Functions:
- organize and supervise the activities of MMT
- approve and review work and financial plan
- manage the Environmental Management Fund (EMF)
- resolve issues arising from the monitoring activities
Multi-Stakeholder Monitoring Team
n Structure of MMT
• SECTORAL TEAM: all members
Functions:
- organize and carry out actual field monitoring
- prepare monitoring reports/CMVR
- advise the entire MMT on the need for
additional monitoring activities
Multi-Stakeholder Monitoring Team
n Structure of MMT
• SECRETARIAT: Proponent, LGU representative
& EMB representative
Functions:
- inform MMT members of the schedule of meetings,
monitoring activities
- provide documentation of minutes of MMT meeting
and monitoring results
- ensure safekeeping of MMT documents, materials
and properties
Multi-Stakeholder Monitoring Team
n MMT Fund Administrator
q Any member of the MMT and cannot be the
proponent and the EMB-DENR
q In-charge of the Environmental Monitoring Fund

n MMT Manual of Operations (MOO)

q Serves as bible for MMT operations

n MMT Code of Ethics

q Ensures a common frame by which INTEGRITY
of all members will be maintained
 Stories in Public Participation
n MMT Cluster of SUBRA (Subic Bay Resorts
Association)

n Voluntary dismantling of hundreds of fishcages

operating along Subic Bay by the operators
themselves
n Regular water quality monitoring of the bay by
MMT members
n Capacity-building for fish cage operators on
proper aquaculture operation & protection of
the waterbody
 Stories in Public Participation
n MMT of Intercity Ricemillers’ Association

n Ricemill operators were issued NOV/CDO in cooperation

with the LGU-Balagtas & Bocaue, Bulacan
n TSP level significantly reduced
n Ricemill operators installed air pollution control devices
n LGU committed to temporarily stop issuance of business
permits to ricemill operation in the area
n Ricemill operators were given seminar & lectures on
environmental laws and environmental management &
protection
 Stories in Public Participation
n MMT for piggery operations in Pampanga and
Tarlac
n Rehabilitation of the waterbody used as
discharge area for piggery operations in Tarlac
n Violators were charged before the DENR-
Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB) and
operations were stopped
n Long-term plan of relocation of piggery into an
agro-industrial area (Pampanga)
n Strict monitoring of environmental compliance
of piggery operations
n Improved operations of piggery
Water sampling activity by the MMT Regular cleaning of settling ponds

Consultation meeting among MMT Construction of solid-liquid separator

members
 MMT (2005)

LGU (Chair) OGAs NGO/POs Other concerned parties

MMT non-members Fund

Administrator
EMB
Proponent Environmental Monitoring Fund

Environmental Guarantee Fund

Project Sub-Categories
Group 1 Group 2
A. Golf Course Projects A. Heavy Industries
a.1 Golf Course Projects / Complex a.1 Iron and Steel Mills
B. Heavy Industries a.2 Non Ferrous Metal Industries
b.1 Iron and Steel Mills a.3 Petroleum and Petrochemical
b.2 Non – Ferrous Steel Industries Industries
b.3 Petroleum and Petrochemical a.4 Smelting Plants
Industries B. Resource Extractive
b.4 Smelting Plants b.1 Fishery Projects
C. Resource Extractive b.2 Forestry Projects
Industries b.3 Minor Mining and Quarrying
c.1 Fishery Projects Projects
c.2 Forestry Projects C. Infrastructure Industries
c.3 Major Mining and Quarrying c.1 Minor Dams
Projects c.2 Minor Power plants
D. Infrastructure Projects c.3 Minor Reclamation Projects
d.1 Major Dams c.4 Minor Roads and Bridges
d.2 Major Reclamation Projects c.5 Other Power plants
d.3 Major Road and Bridges (not listed in Proclamation no.
d.4 Major Power Plants 2146)
Group 2 (cont.)
D. Agriculture Industry e.8 Institutional and other Related
d.1 Agricultural Plantation Structures with Laboratory
d.2 Agricultural Processing Facilities Facilities
d.3 Cut-flower industry / Projects e.9 Motels, Hotel and Apartelles
d.4 Livestock Production F. Chemical Industries
E. Building, Storage Facilities and f.1 Manufacturing, processing and/or
other Structures use of substances included in the
e.1 Cemetery Priority Chemical List
e.2 Commercial (mixed use) f.2 Manufacture of explosives,
e.3 Commercial (office space) propellants and industrial gases
e.4 Facilities for Barangay Micro f.3 Manufacture of agri-chemicals
Business Enterprise and
e.5 Family Dwellings other industrial chemicals not in
e.6 Funeral Parlors the PCL
e.7 Institutional and other Related f4. Pharmaceutical industries and
Facilities manufacture of soap and
detergents, health and beauty
products, and other consumer
products.
Group 2 (cont.)
f5. Surface coating industries (paints, i4. Preventive or proactive measures
pigments, varnishes, lacquers, against potential natural hazards
anticapacity fouling coating, printing i5. Reforestation projects
inks) J. Food and Related
G. Cottage Industries Industries
H. Demonstration and Pilot
j1. Animal products processing
Projects
(fish/meat processing, canning,
I. Environmental Enhancement and
slaughterhouses, etc.)
Environmental Mitigation Projects
j2. Coconut processing plants
i1. Artificial Reef
(including production of coconut
i2. Pollution control devices or
based products)
facilities
j3. Distillation and Fermentation
required under the ECC
Plants
condition/s
(e.g. bio-ethanol project)
of the “main” project/s covered
j4. Food preservation (e.g., drying,
under Groups I or II.
freezing) and other methods aside
i3. Pollution control devices or similar
from canning
facilities intended to prevent
j5. Fruit and vegetable processing
emissions and/or discharges
j6. Leather and related industries
beyond allowable limits
Group 2 (cont.)
j7. Other types of food (and other food R. Waste Management Projects
byproducts, additives, etc. r1. Compost/fertilizer making
processing industries r2. Domestic wastewater treatment
j8. Processing of dairy products facility
j9. Sugar Mills r3. Hazardous waste treatment,
O. Tourism Industry recycling, and/or disposal facilities (for
o1. Resorts and other tourism/leisure recycling of lead, see details in Group I
projects – Heavy Industries)
P. Transport Terminal Facilities
p1. Airports Group 3
p2. Land transport terminal (for buses,
jeepneys and other modes of (NECPS in NECAs) EIA not required
transportation)
p3. Sea port, causeways, and harbors
Q. Treasure Hunting Projects in
NIPAS
Project Sub-Categories
Group 4 Group 5

Co-located Projects in either Unclassified Projects

ECA or NECA
These are the projects not listed in
A co-located project is a group of any of the groups, e.g. projects
single projects, under one or more using new processes/technologies
proponents/locators, which are with uncertain impacts. This is an
located in a interim category – unclassified
contiguous area and managed by projects will eventually be classified
one administrator, who is also the into their appropriate groups
ECC applicant. after EMB evaluation.
Categorization of Projects
Category A - projects or undertakings which are classified as
environmentally critical projects (ECPs) under Presidential
Proclamation No. 2146 (1981), Proclamation No. 803 (1996),
and any other projects that may later be declared as such by
the President of the Philippines.

Category B – projects or undertakings which are not classified

as ECP under Category A, but which are likewise deemed to
significantly affect the quality of the environment by virtue of
being located in Environmentally Critical Area (ECA) as declared
under Proclamation 2146 and according to the parameters set
forth in the succeeding sections.
Categorization of Projects
Category C – projects or undertakings not falling under
Category A or B which are intended to directly
enhance the quality of the environment or directly
address existing environmental problems.

Category D – projects or undertakings that are deemed

unlikely to cause significant adverse impact on the
quality of the environment according to the
parameters set forth in the Screening Guidelines.
These projects are not covered by the Philippine EIS
system and are not required to secure an ECC.
 Categorization of Projects

ECP
(Environmentally Critical Project)
CATEGORY A Required to
Secure ECC
NON-ECP IN ECA (Environmental
Compliance Certificate)
(Non-ECP in Environmentally CATEGORY B
Critical Area)

Environmental Not required

CATEGORY C
Enhancement to secure
ECC but may
CATEGORY D secure CNC
Not Covered (Certificate of Non-
Coverage)
Categorization Matrix
Category
Projects or Undertakings
A B D – CNC
1. Buildings and other structures
Regardless of
Family dwellings/apartment type
area
EIS: >= 25,000
square meters
Motels, Hotels, (gross/total floor
area including < 10,000 square
Condominium/Apartelles parking and meters
(residential) other areas) (gross/total floor
area including
IEE: >= 10,000 parking and
Commercial, [business square meters but other areas)
centers with residential < 25,000 square OR
meters (gross/total
units (mixed use), malls, floor area
Kiosk type or
mobile fastfood
supermarkets] including parking
and other areas)

IEE – Initial Environmental Examination

CNC – Certificate of Non - Coverage
 Category
Projects or Undertakings
A B D – CNC
EIS: >= 50,000 square
meters (gross/total floor
Commercial [office spaces area including parking and
only] < 2,000 square
other areas)
meters
IEE: >= 15,000 square (gross/total floor
Institutional and other
meters (gross/total floor area including
related facilities: religious, parking and
area) but < 50,000 square
government, and meters (gross/total floor other areas)
educational areaincluding parking and
other areas)

Institutional and other Regardless of size or area

structures with laboratories
EIS: tertiary hospitals or Clinics (out-
Institutional and other medical facilities patient, health
related facilities: medical IEE: secondary or primary centers, dental
facilities hospitals or medical clinics) including
facilities rural health units
< 10,000.0
Storage facilities, non- >= 10,000.0 square meters square meters
toxic/hazardous materials (gross/total floor area) (gross/total floor
area)
Categorization Matrix
Category
Projects or Undertakings
A B D – CNC
EIS: >= 1,000
Storage facilities, toxic or MT capacity < 100 Kg
hazardous materials IEE: < 1,000 capacity
MT capacity
Subdivision and housing IEE: >= 10
projects, resettlement hectares
projects and other similar
IEE Checklist:
(horizontal ) land
< 10 hectares
development projects
< 5.0 hectares,
OR
Cemetery, crematorium, etc. >= 5.0 hectares funeral parlors,
crematorium,
columbarium
Environmentally Critical / Sensitive Areas
A. Areas declared by law as
A1. national parks
A2. watershed reserves
A3. wildlife preserves
A4. sanctuaries
B. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots
C. Areas which constitute habitat for any endangered or
threatened species of Philippine wildlife (flora and
fauna).
D. Areas of unique historic, archeological, geological, or
scientific
interests
E. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural
communities or tribes
Environmentally Critical / Sensitive Areas
F. Areas frequently visited and or hard-hit by natural
calamities
F1. geologic hazards
F2. floods
F3. typhoons
F4. volcanic activities
G. Areas with critical slope
H. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands
I. Recharged areas of aquifers
J. Water bodies
K. Mangrove Areas
L. Coral Reefs
• Scoping
1.Social Preparation / IEC of LGUs
2. Request for Scoping with EMB
3. Review Team Formation, Scheduling of
Three Level Scoping Activity
4. Conduct of Three Level Scoping Activity
a. Project briefing meeting with review team
b. Public scoping with community
c. Technical scoping with review team
5. Final Approval of Scoping Checklist

IEC – Information, Education and Communication

• EIA Study and Report Preparation
THIS STEP IS WHOLLY WITHIN THE PROPONENT’S CONTROL.
Proponent undertakes the EIA Study, with the assistance of its EIA Preparer
Team.
EIA Report Type and Contents
Types Contents
1. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) 1. Project Description
2. Programmatic EIS (PEIS) 2. Baseline Environmental
3. Initial Environmental Examination Report Description
(IEER) 3. Impact Assessment
4. IEE Checklist (IEEC) 4. Environmental Management Plan
5. Project Description Report (PDR)
6. Environmental Performance Report and
Management Plan (EPRMP)
7. Programmatic EPRMP (PEPRMP)
n EIA Study and Report Preparation
Substantive Report Contents
Baseline
Project Impact Environmental
Environmental
Description Assessment Management Plan
Description
Location, Scale, Land Significant Specifying the impacts
Duration, Water environmental impacts mitigation plan,
Rationale, Air in relation to: Areas of public
Alternatives, People Pre-construction information, education
phases, Construction and communication,
Components, Development Social development
Resource Operation program proposal,
Requirements, Decommissioning Environmental
Manpower monitoring plans and
Complement, Taking into account the corresponding
Estimate of waste cumulative, institutional and
generation, Project unavoidable and financial requirements/
Cost residual impacts; arrangements.
n EIA Report Contents

EIS Contents
PROJECT FACT SHEET
BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S EIA PROCESS
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, IMPACT
ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT (WHEN
APPLICABLE)
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
n EIS Review Criteria / Checklist

A) that environmental considerations are integrated into

the overall project planning,

B) that the assessment is technically sound and

proposed environmental mitigation measures are
deemed effective, and
C) that the EIS system procedures as required in this
revised procedural manual have been satisfactorily
complied with, particularly the requirement that the EIA
process is based on a timely, well informed and
sectorally well represented public participation.
n Public Hearing and Decision Making
Before the Hearing Matters to be Discussed
1. Publication of a notice of public hearing 1. The proponent, especially their
2. The proponent should ensure the responsibilities to the community
attendance of stakeholders 2. The project, including its elements or
3. The DENR shall conduct the public components, its implementation and
hearing with the assistance of the related development
proponent and preparer 3. The elements and features of the
4. The proponent shall provide at least one environment likely to be affected by the
(1) complete copy of the EIA Report to project;
the EMB Office 4. The impact, as identified and
5. The proponent shall also provide at assessed;
least one copy of the EIA Report to 5. The option, as studied and
each of the host municipalities and at evaluated;
least one copy of the Executive 6. Monitoring, follow-up, enhancement,
Summary to each of the host barangays and mitigating measures;
6. The proponent shall further provide 7. Negotiated settlements or
copies compensations
of Project Fact Sheet to the concerned 8. Assurances and guarantees for
EMB compliance to the environmental
and host LGUs management plan
n Environmental Management Plan

Contents of the Environmental Management

Plan

1. Impacts Management Plan

2. Social Development Framework
3. IEC Framework
4. Emergency Response Policy and Generic Guidelines
5. Abandonment /Decommissioning /Rehabilitation
Policies and Generic Guidelines
6. Environmental Monitoring Plan
7. Institutional Plan for EMP Implementation
n Monitoring, Validation and Evaluation

What should be monitored? Who should monitor?

1. Project compliance with the Project Proponent/Company
conditions stipulated in the ECC Multi-partite Monitoring Team
and the EMP;
Environmental Management Bureau
2. Proponent’s conduct of self-
monitoring
3. Complaints, and recommended MVE Schemes
measures to address the complaint
1. Compliance Monitoring
4. Preparation, integration and
dissemination of simplified 2. Field Validation
validation reports to community 3. Effectiveness of Environmental
stakeholders Management Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment and
Environmental Compliance Certificate
3/2/20

Environmental Impact Assessment

The emphasis , compared with many other
mechanisms for environmental management is
on PREVENTION

18 19
3/2/20

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Detailed study to determine the type and level of

effects an existing facility is having, or a proposed
project would have, on the environment.

18 20
 Environmental Impact Assessment

STRESSORS MEDIA
(emission,
PATHWAYS AND
(wind direction, etc.)
effluent, etc.) RECEPTORS

3/2/2018 21
3/2/20

Environmental Impact Identification

ØDIRECT IMPACTS

ØINDIRECT IMPACTS

ØCUMULATIVE IMPACTS

18 22
3/2/20

Significance with respect to

Environmental Effects related to :

• SCALE OF DEVELOPMENT

• SENSITIVITY OF THE LOCATION

• NATURE OF THE ADVERSE EFFECTS

18 23
3/2/20

Impacts to Environment at different

implementation phases
• Site Preparation : large scale and short
term changes occur in the environment,
• Project Operation: continuous and long
term environmental impacts ,
• Project Termination : recovery and
remedial measures for the rehabilitation
of the environment

18 24
 3/2/20

EIA is a planning and

management tool that will help
government, the proponent, the
affected communities and other
decision makers assess whether
the benefits of the project will
outweigh the negative
consequences or risks on the
environment

18 25
A good EIA
• Results to an appropriately
designed Environmental
Management Plan (EMP)
Key Features of Good EMP
• All Significant Aspects & Impacts have
been identified
• Critical parameters have been identified
for monitoring
 Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)

- Application decision document issued to the

proponent after thorough review of the EIA
Report

- It outlines the commitments of the proponent

which are necessary for the project to comply
with existing environmental regulations or to
operate within the best environmental practice
that are not currently covered by existing laws
 Decision on ECC Applications

• Based on striking balance between socio-

economic growth & environmental protection

• Use environmental and socio-economic

criteria

• Primacy of jurisdiction of other gov’t agencies

respected & supported
Contents of the ECC

n Scope of project or undertaking

n Conditions conformed by the proponent to
implement mitigating measures for
potentially negative impacts and
enhancement measures for potentially
positive impacts
n Recommendations to concerned permitting,
deciding and monitoring entities
 Validity of the ECC
• Once project is implemented, ECC remains
valid and active for the lifetime of the
project (unless otherwise specified);

• The continued validity of the ECC sustains

the active commitments of the Proponent to
comply with ECC conditions and with
environmental regulations
 Expiry of the ECC
• Not implemented within 5 years from ECC
issuance

New ECC is necessary if baseline characteristics

have significantly changed to the extent that the
impact assessment w/c was the basis of the EMP
is no longer appropriate
EIA Manual / Guidelines
Procedural Manual of PEISS
Project Covered by PD 1586
• Office Buildings with a gross floor area of more
than 10,000 square meters

• Commercial Establishments with a gross floor

area of more than 10,000 square meters

• New Road Construction and Road

Rehabilitations with a length of more than 2
kilometers

• Cemeteries/Memorial Parks with a gross floor

area of more than 10,000 kilometers
What is an ECC?

n A document issued by the DENR-EMB after a

positive review of an application, certifying
that the proposed project has complied with
all the requirements of the Environmental
Impact Statement System
Go to emb.gov.ph and click the link to ECC Online
Application.

22
What is a Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC)?

n It certifies that, based on the submitted

Project Description Report, the project is not
covered by the EIS System and is not
required to secure an ECC. Further, the CNC
advises the Proponent on coverage to other
requirements by other DENR offices, LGUs
or other government agencies.
Go to emb.gov.ph, then click the link to CNC Online
Application.

25
Verify the coverage of the Project

26
Indicate the location of the project and project
component

27
28
Determine the Project Category
29
30
Answer the four (4) questions

31
Apply for CNC
32
Fill-up the Project Information
33
Download and print the Order of Payment

34
Update the payment
35
Enter the Application Reference Number

36
Upload the receipt and valid ID

37
Track the status
38
 Requirements for CNC application

Please Visit the ff site:-emb.gov.ph

-http://119.92.161.13/projectchecker.aspx

(For CNC application only)

-Project Layout
-Government ID
-Bank Receipt

39
 Requirements of ECC application
1. Proof of Compatibility with the existing Land Use Plan
(zoning)
2. Proof of authority over the Project Site (Title, Lease or
Contract, etc.)
3. Accountability Statement of Proponents (see attached
form) and the preparation (if any, ff. annexes of revised
procedural manual for DAO 2003-30)
4. Photographs of plates/Site Dev't Plan/Vicinity map of the
project site showing
5. impact areas and affected areas and communities.
6. Duly Accomplished Project Environmental Monitoring &
Audit
7. Prioritization Scheme (PEMAPS) Questionnaire (see
Annex 2-7d of revised procedural manual for DAO 2003-
30
 Streamlined Environmental Impact
Assessment Process
- Fast tracked ECC Processing
-40 days - Environmentally Critical Projects (ECP)
-20 days - Non-ECPs
-Seven (7) days CNC online processing
- ECA and Industrial Mapping
- Posting of ECC in the Internet and Online
Project Screening for non-coverage
Thank You!
References:
n www.emb.gov.ph
• Russ, Thomas. Site Planning and Design Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
• Go, Mervin D. (2008). Environmental Impact Assessment: A System Comparison
between the Philippines, India and South Africa.
• Malayang III, Ben S. (2005). The Philippines Environmental Impact Assessment
System: Notes on its History, Current Issues and Prospects.
• Tio, Jacob S. (2008). The Philippine EIS System.
• DENR-EMB MC 2007-002. Revised Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative
Order No. 30, Series of 2003 (DA0 03-30).
q http://www.aboutremediation.com/toolbox
q http://www.solutions.ca/brownfields/
q http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownfield_land
q http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_I_Environmental_Site_Assessment
q http://globalnation.inquirer.net/propertyfocus/Whats-a-brownfield
n Goudie, Andrew (2002) The Human Impact on the Natural Environment,
Blackwell Publishing
n Calkins, Meg (2009) Materials for Sustainable Sites, John Wiley and Sons
Publishing
n http://www.steppingforward.org.uk/calc/
n https://www.roads.maryland.gov/OPPEN/ICE-Introduction.pdf