Automotive Electrical Specs
Automotive Electrical Specs
SPECIFICATION
STARTING SYSTEM
Item Specifications
Type Reduction drive (with planetary gear)
Rated voltage 12V, 2.2KW
No. of pinion teeth 10
Starter
Voltage 11V
No-load charasteristics Amperage 130A, MAX
Speed 4,500rpm, MIN
CHARGING SYSTEM
Item Specifications
Type Battery voltage sensing
Rated voltage 13.5V, 110A
Alternator Voltage regulator I.C regulator built-in type
Regulator setting voltage 14.4 ± 0.3V
Temperrature compensation -10 ± 3mV/°C
Type MF 100 AH
Cold cranking amperage at-18°C (0°F) 850A
Battery
Reserve capacity 182min
Specific gravity at 20°C (77°F) 1.280 ± 0.01
NOTICE
- COLD CRANKING AMPERAGE is the amperage a
battery can deliver for 30 seconds and maintain a
terminal voltage of 7.2V or greater at a specified
temperature.
- REVERSE CAPACITY RATING is amount of time a
battery can deliver 25A and maintain a minimum
terminal voltage of 10.5V at 26.7°C(80°F)
PREHEATING SYSTEM
Item Specifications
Rated voltage DC 12V
Glow plug
Current 250MΩ
Rated voltage DC 12V
Operating voltage range DC 9V ~ DC 16V
Glow plug relay
Operating temperature range -40°C ~ 120°C
Rated load current DC 12V, 70A
TROUBLESHOOTING
CHARGING SYSTEM
Symptom Suspect Area Remedy
Charging warning indicator Fuse blown Check fuses
does not light with ignition s- Light burned out Replace light
witch "ON" and engine off Wiring connection loose Tighten loose connections
Electronic voltage regulator Replace voltage regulator
Charging warning indicator Drive belt loose or worn Adjust tension or replace drive belt
does not go out with engine Battery cables loose, corroded or worn Repair or replace cavles
running (Battery requires fre- Fuse blown Check fuses
quent recharging) Fusible link blown Replace fusible link
Electronic voltage regulator or generator Test generator
Wiring Repair wiring
Engine hesitates/poor accel- Drive belt loose or worn Adjust tension or replace drive belt
eration Wiring connection loose or open circuit Tighten loose connection or repair wiring
Overcharge Replace fusible link
Fusible link blown Repair
Poor grounding Test generator, if faulty, repair or replace
Electronic voltage regulator or generator Replace battery
Worn battery Replace voltage regulator
Electronic voltage regulator Repair wire
Voltage sensing wire
STARTING SYSTEM
Symptom Suspect Area Remedy
Engine will not crank Battery charge low Charge or replace battery
Battery cables loose, corroded or worn out Repair or replace cables
Transaxle range switch (Vehicle with automatic Adjust or replace switch
transaxle only)
Fusible link blown Replace fusible link
Starter motor faulty Repair starter motor
Ignition switch faulty Inspect
Engine cranks slowly Battery charge low Charge or replace battery
Battery cables loose, corroded or worn out Repair or replace cables
Starter motor Repair starter motor
Starter keeps running Starter motor Repair starter motor
Ignition switch Inspect
Starter spins but engine will Short in wiring Repair wiring
not crank Pinion gear teeth broken or starter motor Repair starter motor
Ring gear teeth broken Replace flywheel ring gear or torque co-
nverter
CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM - Check that the horn sounds.
NOTICE - Check the tachometer to see if it works properly.
Before troubleshooting :
- Check the ECM(10A), Horn(10A), ECU #3(10A) and
ECU B+(15A) fuse in the under - hood fuse/relay
box.
Symptom Suspect Area See Page
Cruise control cannot be set Remocon switch See page EE-34
Brake switch See page EE-35
A/T gear position switch See page TR group-automatic tra-
nsaxle
Cruise control unit See page EE-6
Cruise control cannot be set but indicator Dimming circuit in gauge See page EE-6
light does not go on Cruise control unit See page EE-6
Cruise speed is noticeably higher or low- Vehicle speed sensor See page TR group-automatic tra-
er than what was set Cruise control unit and actuator cable d- nsaxle
eflection See page EE-35
Cruise control unit See page EE-6
Excessive overshooting or undershootin- Cruise control unit and actuator cable d- See page EE-35
g when trying to set speed eflection See page TR group-automatic tra-
Vehicle speed sensor nsaxle
Cruise control unit See page EE-6
Speed fluctuation on a flat road with crui- Vehicle speed sensor See page TR group-automatic tra-
se control set Cruise control unit and actuator cable d- nxaxle
eflection See page EE-35
Cruise control unit See page EE-8
Vehicle does not decelerate or accelerat- Remocon switch See page EE-57
e accordingly when SET/RESUME/CAN- Cruise control unit See page EE-6
CEL button is pushed
See page TR group-automatic tra-
Cruise control does not cancel when shi- A/T gear position switch
nxaxle
ft lever is moved to N position (A/T) Cruise control unit
See page EE-6
Set speed is not cancelled when brake Brake switch See page EE-35
pedal is pushed Cruise control unit See page EE-6
Cruise control will not cancel when main Remocon switch See page EE-34
switch is pushed OFF Cruise control unit See page EE-6
Cruise control will not cancel when CAN- Remocon switch See page EE-34
CEL button is pushed Cruise control unit See page EE-6
Set speed will not resume when RESU- Remocon switch See page EE-34
ME button (with main switch on, when s- Cruise control unit See page EE-6
et speed is temporarily cancelled)
The transmission shifts down slower tha- Troubleshooting the cruise control com- See page EE-6
n normal when going up a hill with the cr- munication circuit
uise control on (A/T)
Charging System
DESCRIPTION
The conventional internal voltage detection type
alternator controls the charging voltage regardless of the
battery condition and according to the external load
change so that it sometimes causes battery under or
over charging or causes flickering of meters and lamps
due to ripples of generated voltage resulting from load
fluctuation. The figure below show the internal circuits of
the alternator and voltage regulator.
LBIF019A
SBLEE6005L
CHECK DISCHARGE WARNING LIGHT CIRCUIT
1. Warm up the engine and then turn it off.
ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION
2. Turn off all accessories.
CAUTION
3. Turn the ignition switch "ON". Check that the
• Check that the battery cables are connected to
discharge warning light is it.
the correct terminals.
4. Start the engine. Check that the light goes off.
• Disconnect the battery cables when the battery is
given a quick charge. INSPECT CHARGING SYSTEM
• Do not perform tests with a high voltage VOLTAGE DROP TEST OF ALTERNATOR
insulation resistance tester. OUTPUT WIRE
• Never disconnect the battery while the engine is This test determines whether or not the wiring between
running. the alternator "B" terminal and the battery (+) terminal is
good by the voltage drop method.
CHECK BATTERY TERMINALS, FUSIBLE LINK
AND FUSES PREPARATION
1. Check that the battery terminals are not loose or 1. Turn the ignition switch to "OFF".
corroded. NOTICE
2. Check the fusible link and fuses for continuity. To find abnormal conditions of the connection,
INSPECT DRIVE BELT actions should not be taken on the two terminals and
each connection during the test.
1. Visually check the belt for excessive wear, frayed
cords etc. 2. Connect a digital voltmeter between the alternator "B"
terminal and battery (+) lead wire to the battery (+)
If any defect has been found, replace the drive belt.
terminal. Connect the (+) lead wire of the voltmeter to
NOTICE the "B" terminal and the (-) lead wire to the battery
Cracks on the rib side of a belt are considered (+) terminal.
acceptable. If the belt has chunks missing from the
ribs, it should be replaced.
4. Disconnect the alternator output wire from the
alternator "B" terminal.
5. Connect a DC ammeter (0 to 150A) in series between
the "B" terminal and the disconnected output wire. Be
sure to connect the (-) lead wire of the ammeter to
the disconnected output wire.
NOTICE
Tighten each connection securely, as a heavy
current will flow. Do not rely on clips.
6. Connect a voltmeter (0 to 20V) between the "B"
terminal and ground. Connect the (+) lead wire to the
alternator "B" terminal and (-) lead wire to a good
ground.
LBIF022A 7. Attach an engine tachometer and connect the battery
CONDITIONS FOR THE TEST ground cable.
1. Start the engine. 8. Leave the engine hood open.
2. Switch on the headlamps, blower motor and so on.
And then, read the voltmeter under this condition.
RESULT
1. The voltmeter may indicate the standard value.
0.2V max.
2. If the value of the voltmeter is higher than expected
(above 0.2V max.), poor wiring is suspected. In this
case check the wiring from the alternator "B" terminal
to the fusible link to the battery (+) terminal. Check
for loose connections, color change due to an
overheated harness, etc. Correct them before testing
again.
3. Upon completion of the test, set the engine speed at
LBIF023A
idle. Turn off the head lamps, blower motor and the
ignition switch. TEST
OUTPUT CURRENT TEST 1. Check to see that the voltmeter reads as the same
value as the battery voltage. If the voltmeter reads
This test determines whether or not the alternator gives
0V, and the open circuit in the wire between the
an output current that is equivalent to the nominal output.
alternator "B" terminal and battery (-) terminal, a
PREPARATION blown fusible link or poor grounding is suspected.
1. Prior to the test, check the following items and 2. Start the engine and turn on the headlights.
correct as necessary.
3. Set the headlights to high beam and the heater
Check the battery installed in the vehicle to ensure blower switch to HIGH, quickly increase the engine
that it is in good condition. The battery checking speed to 2,500 rpm and read the maximum output
method is described in "BATTERY". current value indicated by the ammeter.
The battery that is used to test the output current
NOTICE
should be one that has been partially discharged.
After the engine starts up, the charging current
With a fully charged battery, the test may not be
quickly drops. Therefore, the above operation must
conducted correctly due to an insufficient load.
be done quickly to read the maximum current value
Check the tension of the alternator drive belt. correctly.
2. Turn off the ignition switch. RESULT
3. Disconnect the battery ground cable. 1. The ammeter reading must be higher than the limit
value. If it is lower but the alternator output wire is in 6. Connect a DC ammeter (0 to 150A) in series between
good condition, remove the alternator from the the "B" terminal and the disconnected output wire.
vehicle and test it. Connect the (-) lead wire of the ammeter to the
disconnected output wire.
Limit value : 50% of the reated currend.
7. Attach the engine tachometer and connect the
NOTICE battery ground cable.
• The nominal output current value is shown on the
nameplate affixed to the alternator body.
• The output current value changes with the
electrical load and the temperature of the
alternator itself. Therefore, the nominal output
current may not be obtained. If such is the case,
keep the headlights on the cause discharge of
the battery, or use the lights of another vehicle to
increase the electrical load.
The nominal output current may not be obtained
if the temperature of the alternator itself or
ambient temperature is too high.
In such a case, reduce the temperature before
testing again.
LBIF024A
2. Upon completion of the output current test, lower the
engine speed to idle and turn "OFF" the ignition TEST
switch. 1. Turn on the ignition switch and check to see that the
3. Disconnect the battery ground cable. voltmeter indicates the following value.
4. Remove the ammeter and voltmeter and the engine Battery voltage
tachometer.
2. If it reads 0V, there is an open circuit in the wire
5. Connect the alternator output wire to the alternator between the alternator "B" terminal and the battery
"B" terminal. and the battery (-), or the fusible link is blown.
6. Connect the battery ground cable. 3. Start the engine. Keep all lights and accessories off.
REGULATED VOLTAGE TEST 4. Run the engine at a speed of about 2,500 rpm and
The purpose of this test is to check that the electronic read the voltmeter when the alternator output current
voltage regulator controls voltage correctly. drops to 10A or less.
PREPARATION RESULT
1. Prior to the test, check the following items and 1. If the voltmeter reading agrees with the value listed in
correct if necessary. the Regulating Voltage Table below, the voltage
Check that the battery installed on the vehicle is fully regulator is functioning correctly. If the reading is
charged. For battery checking method, see other than the standard value, the voltage regulator
"BATTERY". or the alternator is faulty.
Check the alternator drive belt tension. REGULATING VOLTAGE TABLE
2. Turn ignition switch to "OFF". Voltage regulator ambie -
Regulating voltage (V)
3. Disconnect the battery ground cable. nt temperature °C (°F)
4. Connect a digital voltmeter between the "B" terminal -30 (-22) 14.2 ~ 15.3
of the alternator and ground. Connect the (+) lead of 25 (77) 14.2 ~ 14.8
the voltmeter to the "B" terminal of the alternator. 135 (275) 13.3 ~ 14.8
Connect the (-) lead to good ground or the battery (-)
terminal. 2. Upon completion of the test, reduce the engine speed
to idle, and turn off the ignition switch.
5. Disconnect the alternator output wire from the
alternator "B" terminal. 3. Disconnect the battery ground cable.
4. Remove the voltmeter and ammeter and the engine
tachometer.
5. Connect the alternator output wire to the alternator
"B" terminal.
6. Connect the battery ground cable.
Alternator
COMPONENTS
SBLEE6001L
REPLACEMENT DISASSEMBLY
1. Disconnect the battery negative terminal frist, then 1. Remove the nuts and bolts frist, and cover(A).
the positive terminal.
2. Disconnect the alternator connector(A) and "B"
terminal cable(B) from the alternator.
3. Remove the drive belt.
ACAF019A
ACAF017A
ACAF020A
ACAF018A
ACAF021A
EBKD301D
LBIF054A
ACAF022A
LBIF055A
LBIF059A
INSPECTION
BATTERY DIAGNOSTIC TEST(1)
CHECKING FLOW
SSAEE6003L
LOAD TEST
1. Perform the following steps to complete the load test
procedure for maintenance free batteries.
2. Connect the load tester clamps to the terminals and
proceed with the test as follow :
a. If the battery has been on charge, remove the
surface charge by connect a 300 ampere load for
15 seconds.
b. Connect the voltmeter and apply the specified
load.
c. Read the voltage after the load has been applied
for 15 seconds.
d. Disconnect the load.
LBIF061A
e. Compare the voltage reading with the minimum
and replace the battery if battery test voltage is 4. Inspect the battery carrier for damage caused by the
below that shown in the voltage table. loss of electrolyte. If acid damage is present, it will be
necessary to clean the area with a solution of clean
Voltage Temperature warm water and baking soda. Scrub the area with a
9.6 20°C (70°F) and above stiff brush and wipe off with a cloth moistened with
baking soda and water.
9.5 16 °C (60 °F)
5. Clean the top of the battery with the same solution as
9.4 10 °C (50 °F) described in Step(3).
9.3 4 °C (40 °F) 6. Inspect the battery case and cover for cracks. If
cracks are present, the battery must be replaced.
9.1 -1 °C (30 °F)
7. Clean the battery posts with a suitable battery post
8.9 -7 °C (20 °F) tool.
8.7 -12 °C (10 °F) 8. Clean the inside surface of the terminal clamps with a
8.5 -18 °C (0 °F) suitable battery cleaning tool. Replace damaged or
frayed cables and broken terminal clamps.
NOTICE 9. Install the battery in the vehicle.
- If the voltage is less than shown in the table, the 10.Connect the cable terminals to the battery post,
battery is good. making sure the tops of the terminals are flush with
- If the voltage is greater than shown in the table, the tops of the posts.
replace the battery. 11.Tighten the terminal nuts securely.
BATTERY DIAGNOSTIC TEST 12.Coat all connections with light mineral grease after
1. Make sure the ignition switch and all accessories are tightening.
in the OFF position.
CAUTION
2. Disconnect the battery cables (negative first). When batteries are being charged, an explosive
3. Remove the battery from the vehicle. gas forms beneath the cover of each cell. Do not
smoke near batteries being charged or which
CAUTION
have recently been charged. Do not break live
Care should be taken in the event the battery
circuits at the terminals of batteries being
case is cracked or leaking, to protect your skin
charged. A spark will occur when the circuit is
from the electrolyte. Heavy rubber gloves (not
broken. Keep open flames away from the battery.
the household type) should be worn when
removing the battery.
LBIF059A
Starting System
DESCRIPTION NOTICE
The starting system includes the battery, starter motor, After this test, or any subsequent repair, reset the
solenoid switch, ignition switch, inhibitor switch(A/T), ECM/PCM to clear any codes.
ignition lock switch, connection wires and the battery Check the Starter Engagement :
cable. 1. Remove the ECM(B+) fuse from the fuse/relay box.
When the ignition key is turned to the start position, 2. Turn the ignition switch to START (III) with the shift
current flows and energizes the starter motor's solenoid lever in N or P position (A/T) or with the clutch pedal
coil. depressed (M/T). The starter should crank the
The solenoid plunger and clutch shift lever are activated, engine.
and the clutch pinion engages the ring gear. • If the starter does not crank the engine, go to step
The contacts close and the starter motor cranks. In order 3.
to prevent damage caused by excessive rotation of the • If it cranks the engine erratically or too slowly, go
starter armature when the engine starts, the clutch pinion to "Check for Wear and Damage" on the next
gear overruns. page.
3. Check the battery, battery positive cable, ground,
starter cut relay, and the wire connections for
looseness and corrosion. Test again.
If the starter still does not crank the engine, go to
step 4.
4. Unplug the connector from the starter.
5. Connect a jumper wire from the battery positive (+)
terminal to the solenoid terminal.
The starter should crank the engine.
• If the starter still does not crank the engine,
remove it, and diagnose its internal problem.
• If the starter cranks the engine, go to step 6.
6. Check the ignition switch.
LBIF063A
7. Check the starter relay.
INSPECTION
8. Check the A/T gear position switch (A/T) or the clutch
STARTER TEST
interlock switch (M/T).
NOTICE 9. Check for an open in the wire between the ignition
The air temperature must be between 59 and 100°F (15 switch and starter.
and 38°C) before testing.
STARTER SOLENOID TEST
Recommended procedure :
1. Disconnect the wires from the Sterminal and the M
• Use a starter system tester. terminal.
• Connect and operate the equipment in accordance 2. Connect the battery as shown. If the starter pinion
with the manufacturer's instructions. pops out, it is working properly. To avoid damaging
• Test and troubleshoot as described. the starter, do not leave the battery connected for
Alternate Procedure : more than 10 seconds.
• Use the following equipment :
- Ammeter, 0~400A
- Voltmeter, 0~20V (accurate within 0.1 volt)
- Tachometer, 0~1,200 rpm
• Hook up a voltmeter and ammeter as shown.
LBIF065A LBIF067A
LBIF068A
CLEANING
1. Do not immerse parts in cleaning solvent. Immersing
the yoke assembly and/or armature will damage the
insulation. Wipe these parts with a cloth only.
2. Do not immerse the drive unit in cleaning solvent.
The overrun clutch is pre-lubricated at the factory and
solvent will wash lubrication from the clutch.
3. The drive unit may be cleaned with a brush
moistened with cleaning solvent and wiped dry with a
cloth.
Starter
COMPONENTS
SBLEE6004L
INSPECTION 5. Check for continuity between the segments of the
ARMATURE INSPECTION AND TEST commutator. If an open circuit exists between any
segments, replace the armature.
1. Remove the starter.
2. Disassemble the starter as shown at the beginning of
this procedure.
3. Inspect the armature for wear or damage from
contact with the permanent magnet. If there is wear
or damage, replace the armature.
LBIF095A
LBIF096A
LBIF094A
INSPECT STARTER BRUSH
LBIF099A
LBIF098A
KBSD201A
KBSD201D
KBSD201I
KBSD201J
KBSD201M
Cruise Control System
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
LBCD001V
EBRF023A
TROUBLE SYMPTOM 2
Trouble symptom Probable cause Remedy
Malfunction of the vehicle speed sens- Repair the vehicle speed sensor syste-
The set vehicle speed varies greatly u- or circuit m, or replace the part
pward or downward
"Surging" (repeated alternating accele-
ration and deceleration) occurs after s- Malfunction of ECM Check input and output signals at ECM
etting
TROUBLE SYMPTOM 3
Trouble symptom Probable cause Remedy
Damaged or disconnected wiring of th- Repair the harness or replace the bra-
The CC system is not canceled when t e brake pedal switch ke pedal switch
he brake pedal is depressed
Malfunction of the ECM signals Check input and output signals at ECM
TROUBLE SYMPTOM 4
Trouble symptom Probable cause Remedy
Damaged or disconnected wiring of in-
The CC system is not canceled when t Repair the harness or repair or replace
hibitor switch input circuit
he shift lever is moved to the "N" posit- the inhibitor switch
ion (It is canceled, however, when the Improper adjustment of inhibitor switch
brake pedal is depressed
Malfunction of the ECM signals Check input and output signals at ECM
TROUBLE SYMPTOM 5
Trouble symptom Probable cause Remedy
Temporary damaged or disconnected Repair the harness or replace the SET
Cannot decelerate (coast) by using the wiring of SET switch input circuit switch
SET switch
Malfunction of the ECM signals Check input and output signals at ECM
TROUBLE SYMPTOM 6
Trouble symptom Probable cause Remedy
Damaged or disconnected wiring, or s-
Repair the harness or replace the RE-
Cannot accelerate or resume speed by hort circuit, or RESUME switch input c- SUME switch
using the RESUME switch ircuit
Malfunction of the ECM signals Check input and output signals at ECM
TROUBLE SYMPTOM 7
Trouble symptom Probable cause Remedy
Malfunction of the vehicle-speed sens- Repair the vehicle speed sensor syste-
CC system can be set while driving at or circuit m, or replace the part
a vehicle speed of less than 40km/h (2
5mph), or there is no automatic cance-
llation at that speed Malfunction of the ECM signals Check input and output signals at ECM
TROUBLE SYMPTOM 8
Trouble symptom Probable cause Remedy
Damaged or disconnected bulb of crui-
The cruise main switch indicator lamp se main switch indicator lamp
does not illuminate (But CC system is Repair the harness or replace the part.
normal) Harness damaged or disconnected
Cruise Control Switch
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
SBLEA6004L
MEASURING RESISTANCE MEASURING VOLTAGE
1. Disconnect the cruise control switch connector from 1. Connect the cruise control switch connector to the
the control switch. control switch.
SBLEA6007L SBLEA6007L
2. Measure resistance between terminals on the control 2. Measure voltage between terminals on the harness
switch when each function switch is ON (switch is side connector when each function switch is ON
depressed). (switch is depressed).
Function switch Terminal Resistance Function switch Terminal Voltage
Cruise Main 7-9 3.9kΩ ± 1% Cruise Main 7-9 -
Cancel 8-9 0Ω ± 1% Cancel 8-9 0.0V ± 0.25V
Set/Coast 8-9 220Ω ± 1% Set/Coast 8-9 1.5V ± 0.25V
Resume/Accel 8-9 910Ω ± 1% Resume/Accel 8-9 3.0V ± 0.25V
3. If not within specification, replace switch. 3. If not within specification, replace switch.
REMOVAL
1. Disconnect the battery (-) terminal.
2. Remove the driver side air bag module. (Refer to RT
GR.)
3. Disconnect the cruise control switch connector and
then remove the cruise control switch(A) with two
screws.
SBLEA6006L
SBLEE6003L
INSPECT PREHEATING SYSTEM 3. Check glow plug for damage.
Conditions before inspection :
Battery voltage : 12V
1. Connect voltmeter between glow plug plate and plug
body (ground).
2. Check indicated value on voltmeter with ignition
switch ON.
3. Check that preheat indication lamp lights for about 6
seconds and indicates battery voltage (about 9V or
over) for about 36 seconds immediately
afterignitionswitch is turned on. [At cooling water
temperature 20°C (68°F)]
NOTICE
Continuity time varies depending upon cooling water
LBIF118A
temperature.
4. After checking 3, set ignition switch at START INSPECT GLOW PLUG RELAY
position. 1. Remove the glow plug relay.
5. The system is normal if battery voltage (about 9V or 2. Inspect the relay continuity.
over) is generatedforabout 6 seconds during engine - Using an ohmmeter, check that there is continuity
cranking and after start operation. [at coolingwater between terminals 2 and 4.
temperature 20°C (68°F)] If there is no continuity, replace the relay.
6. When the voltage or continuity time is not normal, - Check that there is no continuity between
check the terminal voltage in glow control unit, and terminals 1 and 5.
single parts.
If there is continuity, replace the relay.
LBIF117A
LBIF119A
INSPECT GLOW PLUS
3. Inspect the relay operation.
1. Check the continuity between the terminal and body
- Apply battery positive voltage across terminals 2
as illustrated. Replaceif discontinuity or with large
and 4.
resistance.
- Using an ohmmeter, check that there is continuity
Standard value : 0.25Ω
between terminals 1 and 5.
CAUTION If there is no continuity, replace the relay.
Remove oil from plug before measuring as glow
plug resistance is verysmall.
2. Check for rust on glow plug plate.
LBIF120A