Experiment No: 01

Experiment Name: Study on Garment Manufacturing Industrial machine of

Bangladesh.

Introduction: Bangladesh is known as a global leader in garment manufacturing,

with its ready-made garment (RMG) industry playing a vital role in the country’s
economy. Millions of people are employed in this sector, and a significant portion
of the nation’s export earnings come from it. But behind every high-quality piece
of clothing produced in these factories, there’s a wide range of industrial machines
working tirelessly to bring designs to life.

From cutting fabrics with precision to stitching them together seamlessly, these
machines are the backbone of garment production. Modern factories rely on
advanced technology to improve efficiency, maintain product quality, and meet the
demands of international buyers. In this study, we take a closer look at the different
types of industrial machines used in Bangladesh’s garment industry—how they
work, their role in production, and how they contribute to the sector’s growth.

By understanding these machines and their impact, we gain insight into how
Bangladesh remains competitive in the global fashion market. This report aims to
explore these technologies, highlight their importance, and discuss how innovation
continues to shape the future of garment manufacturing.

Objective:
1. To explore the different types of machines used in garment manufacturing,
from fabric cutting to stitching and finishing.
2. To understand how these machines work and how they help improve
efficiency, speed and overall productivity in factories.
3. To examine the impact of automation and new technology on garment
production and how it’s changing the industry.
4. To see how these machines contribute to quality control and help factories
meet international standards and buyer expectations.
5. To identify challenges and future improvements in garment manufacturing
technology, including ways to make production more efficient and
sustainable.

Apparatus: Web, book

Methods:
Section: Cutting
Machine-1: Hand Operated Scissor
Features:
1. It is the first and oldest machine for fabric cutting.
2. Very easy to operate.
3. Manual grinding is required.
4. This is used for cutting one or two plies of fabric.
5. Most of the fabrics can be cut by scissor.
6. Most suitable for Tailoring and Household purpose.

Fig- Hand operated scissor

Uses:
It is uses for sharp cutting, fancy production etc.

Machine-2: Straight Knife Cutting Machine

Features:
1. The main parts of this machine are straight knife, electric motor, handle,
grinder, base plate, knife holder, lubricating unit, wheel etc.
2. Could be used to cut higher depth of fabric.
 3. Knife height is 10 cm to 33 cm.
4. Knife stroke is 2.5 cm to 4.5 cm.
5. Motor r.p.m is 3000 to 4000.
6. Auto grinder is used.
7. Machine weight is around 12-15 kg.

Fig- Straight Knife Cutting Machine

Uses: It’s suitable for straight line cutting, curve line cutting and for large part
cutting. It is used for large production. Most commonly used in Garments Industry
of Bangladesh (99%).

Machine-3: Round Knife Cutting Machine

Features:
1. It contains a round but slightly octagonal type knife with sharp edge.
2. The other main parts of this machine are base plate, electric motor, handle
and knife guard.
3. Knife diameter varies from 6-20 cm
4. Manual grinder is used.
5. Motor r.p.m is 800-1600. It depends on machine.
 6. Three types of knife edge can be used for cutting different objects. Such as
waved edge, toothed edge and circular edge.
7. Maximum 40% of the knife diameter can be used for fabric lay.

Fig- Round Knife Cutting Machine

Uses:
It’s useful for gentle curve line cutting, big parts cutting, cutting out fabric block
from lay and small scale cutting. It’s normally use for small production.

Machine-4: Drill Cutting Machine

Features:
1. Drills holes through numerous layers of fabric to indicate buttonholes, darts
or other markings.
2. Perfect for use on loosely knit, bulky or quilted spreads where a mark is
needed but a burn mark unnecessary.
 3. Telescoping drive shaft and powerful AC motor for dependability and
durability.

Fig- Drill Cutting Machine

Uses:
It is used to make hole on the fabric for button attaching and to make reference
mark for attaching different small components on the garments.

Section: Floor
Machine-1: Single Needle Lock Stitch Machine
Features:
1. Two thread need for a machine, one for needle and another one for bobbin

2. Needle thread set in the upper side of fabric and bobbin thread set in the

lower side of the fabric in stitch

3. Stitching type only lock stitch

4. Machine speed is 4000-5000 RPM

5. 1 needle in every machine

6. Edge cutting, automatic bobbin winding

7. Less noise, low vibration, no radiation, and environment-friendly

8. SPI generally 7-9

9. Sewing Shirts, Jackets,

Suits, Over-coats, Bed
covers, Curtains,
Children's

clothes, Bags, Leather,

Wool, Chemical fiber
and Canvas.

Uses: Fig- Single Needle Lock Stitch Machine

A single needle lock stitch machine is primarily used for joining fabric pieces
together by creating a strong, secure stitch, making it ideal for a wide range of
applications in garment construction, including sewing seams, hems, topstitching,
and finishing details on clothing.

Machine-2: Over Lock Sewing Machine

Features:
 1. Maximum Machine
speed 6500 SPM (vary
operation wise)
2. Stitch can be made using
2,3,4,5 or 6 threads, depending
on the no. of needles and looper
3. Stitch length 2 to 4 mm
4. Stitching type- Overlock
stitch
5. The used feed is Deferential feed
6. Oil lubrication system- Automatic
7. Used in Woven, knit; all types of garments

Fig- Over Lock Sewing Machine

Uses:
An overlock (serger) machine is primarily used to finish raw edges of fabric by
simultaneously trimming, stitching, and overcasting seams in one operation

Machine-3: Flat Lock Sewing Machine

Features:
This machine may be of flat bed or cylinder bed type. In our lab 21, 22 nos.
machines are flat bed and 32 no. machine is cylinder bed type. Flat bed is used for
sewing body cloth and cylinder bed is used for sleeve cloth. In this machine 4
needles may also be used and sewing may be done using from 4 to 9 threads.
Sewing with flat lock machine the most quantity thread is needed. For example for
sewing 1 inch cloth up to 32 inches thread is needed. The SPM of this type of
machine is usually 6000 and 8-16 stitches may be done per inch. It is a very
expensive machine and is used for mainly sewing knitted goods but also used for
making woven cloth.
 Fig- Flat Lock Sewing Machine

Uses:
A flat lock machine is primarily used to create flat, clean seams on garments,
particularly on knit fabrics, often seen in swimwear, sportswear, and baby clothes,
by producing a stitch that appears the same on both sides, making it ideal for
exposed seams or decorative finishes.

Machine-4: Cover Stitch Machine

Features:
1. 5, 4, 3 and 2 threads
2. 155 mm working space
3. Automatic release of thread tension
4. Adjustable presser foot pressure
5. Free arm
6. Looper disengages for easy threading
7. Variable stitch length

Fig- Cover Stitch Machine

Uses:
A cover stitch machine is mostly used for professional finishing, to create double
or triple rows of parallel stitching at 3mm or 6mm apart. You can also sew a chain
stitch to stitch knitwear and to create unique decorative finishes.

Section: Pattern
Machine-1: Pattern Plotter Machine
Features:
1. High Precision Printing – Accurately plots garment patterns on paper.
2. Supports Various File Formats – Works with PLT, DXF, HPGL, and other
CAD formats.
3. Fast Printing Speed – Ensures quick output for mass production.
4. Large Printing Width – Can accommodate wide-format printing needs.
5. Inkjet or Pen Plotter Technology – Uses inkjet or traditional pen-based
plotting.
6. Connectivity Options – Supports USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for easy
integration.
7. User-Friendly Software – Compatible with CAD software for seamless
workflow.
8. Low Maintenance – Durable design with minimal operational costs.
9. Customizable Line Thickness – Adjustable for better clarity in patterns.
10.Eco-Friendly Ink Options – Some models offer water-based inks for
sustainability.

Fig- Pattern Plotter Machine

Uses:
A pattern plotter machine is primarily used in the garment industry to precisely
print and cut fabric patterns based on digital designs

Machine-2: Digitizer Machine

Features:
1. True-to-Life Scanning – Digitally replicates fabric properties for accurate
garment representation.
2. Unparalleled Data Accuracy – Captures precise fabric measurements for
seamless software integration.
3. Rapid Analysis – Measures fabric properties like thickness and drape with
high precision.
4. Digital Fabric Creation – Converts fabric data into a digital form for virtual
garment visualization.
5. Open Platform Ecosystem – Supports multiple applications, including
footwear and bags.
6. Fabric Data Compatibility – Shares fabric information across different
software using U3M format.
7. Single Source of Truth – Ensures consistency in fabric data across an
organization.

Fig- Digitizer Machine

Uses:
A fabric digitizer machine converts physical fabric patterns into digital files for
precision cutting, pattern grading, and automation in garment production. It
improves accuracy, reduces material waste, and integrates with CAD/CAM
systems for efficient textile design.

Machine-3: CAD (Computer-Aided Design) System

Features:
1. Plays a significant role in Surface Modeling
2. Helps in Assembling
3. Has a major role in Garment Manufacturinh Technology

Fig- CAD System

Uses:
Computer-aided design (CAD) systems are used in the garment industry
for design, patternmaking, and production. CAD software helps designers create
and modify clothing patterns, and visualize the final product.

Machine-4: Pattern Cutting Machine

Features:
1. High performance integrated circuit controller.
2. Intelligent double print, automatic cutting.
3. Advanced transmission parts with high speed and precision.
4. Patent machine, steady performance, safety & reliability, using in wide
range.
5. Been widely used in apparel, shoe-making and bags and suitcases industries.

Fig- Pattern Cutting Machine

Uses:
Pattern cutting machines are used to cut fabric, paper, and other materials for
patterns and samples. They are used in many industries, including garment
manufacturing, footwear, and upholstery.

Section: Sample
Machine-1: Dummy
Features:
1. Size Variability – Comes in standard sizes (XS, S, M, L, XL) or custom
measurements.
 2. Adjustability – Some dummies allow for changing bust, waist, and hip
measurements.
3. Material Composition – Made of fiberglass, foam, wood, plastic, or metal.
4. Pinnable Surface – Some models have fabric-covered foam for easy pinning.
5. Movable Parts – Certain dummies have adjustable arms, shoulders, or necks
for flexibility.
6. Stable Base – Often comes with a metal or wooden stand for stability.
7. Rotatable & Height Adjustable – Some dummies can rotate 360° and adjust
in height for better usability.
8. Gender & Age Variants – Available in male, female, and children’s sizes.
9. Customizable Forms – Can be made to measure for couture and high-fashion
designs.

Fig- Dummy

Uses:
In the garment industry, dummies, also known as mannequins, are used for pattern
making, visual merchandising, and 3D scanning.

Machine-2: Pressing Iron

Features:
1. Temperature Control – Adjustable settings for different fabrics.
2. Soleplate – Non-stick, ceramic, or stainless steel for smooth gliding.
3. Steam Function – Removes wrinkles with steam bursts.
4. Water Tank – Stores water for steam use.
5. Spray Mist – Dampens fabric for better ironing.
 6. Auto Shut-Off – Safety feature to prevent overheating.
7. Corded/Cordless – Options for flexibility.
8. Anti-Drip & Self-Cleaning – Prevents leaks and removes mineral buildup.
9. Ergonomic Handle – Comfortable grip for ease of use.

Fig- Pressing Iron

Uses:
In the garment industry, pressing irons are used to improve the appearance of
clothing by removing wrinkles, adding creases, and shaping the garment. Pressing
is also used to prepare garments for sewing and to finish them for packing.

Machine-3: Steam Press Machine

Features:
A steam pressing machine consists of a static BUCK and HEAD of complementary
shape, which closes onto it. Thus sandwiching the garment to be pressed. It has a
frame carrying the BUCK which is generally round in shape. Besides this, it has
linkages to close the HEAD, pipe system to supply steam to HEAD and BUCK, a
vacuum system to provide suction through the BUCK, a table around the BUCK to
aid the handling of the garments and foot control for HEAD closure and vacuum.
 Fig- Steam Press Machine

Uses:
In the garment industry, a steam press machine is primarily used to remove
wrinkles and creases from garments, shaping them to their intended form by
applying heat and pressure with steam, which is crucial for achieving a polished
and professional finish on clothing.

Precaution:
1. Train workers properly before handling machines.
2. Wear safety gear like gloves and masks.
3. Maintain machines regularly to avoid breakdowns.
4. Be cautious with sharp cutting tools.
5. Ensure safe electrical connections to prevent shocks.
6. Maintain good posture to avoid strain.
7. Keep emergency stop buttons and first-aid kits nearby.
8. Keep the workspace clean to prevent accidents.

Discussion:
Industrial machines are the backbone of Bangladesh’s garment industry, making
production faster and more precise. From cutting to stitching, each machine has a
crucial role. With automation, factories are becoming more efficient, but
challenges like high maintenance costs and worker safety still exist. Proper training
and better safety measures can reduce accidents and improve productivity.
Conclusion:
Garment manufacturing in Bangladesh thrives on advanced machinery, keeping the
industry globally competitive. While automation boosts efficiency, worker safety
and sustainability must not be overlooked. Investing in modern technology and
training will help the industry grow while ensuring a safer and smarter future.

Thanks to our honorable course teacher for his effort and support.