NAME: PEREZ, MICHELLE JOY C.
HOPE
GRADE AND STRAND: 11- STEM B - ST. IGNATIUS 9/13/24
Activity #1
INDIVIDUAL
1. Name of Sport: Swimming
Type of Sport: Individual and Team
History: There is evidence, particularly archaeological evidence which suggests that what we
deem as modern swimming has been practiced from as early as 2500BCE in Egypt and
thereafter in Assyrian, Roman, and Greek civilizations. Swimming was often a part of martial
training in the Greek and Roman civilizations to help with strength and overall fitness.
During the period of the ancient Greeks, there were records of occasional swimming races.
During the 1st Century BCE, Gaius Maecenas a Roman diplomat and counsellor to the
Roman emperor Augustus built the first known heated swimming pool. As for swimming in
Europe and the UK, it wasn’t practiced until around the late 17th century in Europe and
around 1830 in the UK.
Court Dimension: Above-ground pools are usually between 10 and 24 feet in diameter. Lap
pools can be as small as 6 by 30 feet or as large as 10 by 50 feet. Plunge pools are small,
ranging from 6 by 10 feet to 8 by 20 feet on average. Endless pools generally range from 9 by
15 feet to 15 by 20 feet.
Equipment and Gear: Goggles, Cold Water Gear, Lubricant, Flip Flops, Ear Plugs,
Swim Cap, Wetsuit.
Technical Skills: Breathing, Coordination, Kick, Diving, Stroke, Sculling, Floating.
Tactical Skills: Coordination, Kicking, Breathing, Ankle mobility, Adaptability, Floating,
Body position and balance.
Rules of the Game: Technical rule violations for each stroke may include
Freestyle:
• Walking on the bottom
• Pulling on the lane rope
• Not touching the wall on a turn
• Not completing the distance
Backstroke:
• Turning past the vertical onto the stomach and gliding or kicking into the wall on the turn
(the roll must be part of a continuous turning action)
• Pushing off the wall on the stomach after a turn
• Not remaining on back while swimming
• Turning onto stomach before the finish
Butterfly:
• Alternating movements of the arms or legs
• Pushing the arms forward instead of over the surface of the water
• Using a breaststroke-style kick
• Touching with only one hand at the turns or the finish of Breaststroke:
• Using either a flutter, dolphin, or scissor kick instead of the breaststroke kick
• Shoulders not level
• Alternating movements of the arms
• Head not coming out of the water for each stroke including one pull and kick
• Touching with one hand at the turns or the finish
Officiating: Judge of Stroke, Timekeeper, Referee, Inspector of Turns, Clerk of Course,
Announcer, Meet Manager, and Starter
2. Name of Sport: Badminton
Type of Sport: Individual and Dual
History: The roots of the sport can be traced to ancient Greece, China, and India, and it is
closely related to the old children's game battledore and shuttlecock. Badminton is derived
directly from Poona, which was played by British army officers stationed in India in the
1860s.
Court Dimension: 13.4m long and 6.1m wide
Equipment and Gear: a net, a shuttlecock, and at least two rackets
Technical Skills: Grip, Footwork, Stances, Serve, Forehand clear, and Overhand forehand
swing.
Tactical Skills: Movement pressure, Tactical awareness, Defensive skills, Hitting to the
middle, Hitting to the corners, Smash and drop, and Clear.
Rules of the Game: A match consists of the best of three games to 21 points
Every time there is a serve, one point is scored. If the score is 20-20, the individual or team
must win by two points to win the game. In terms of serving, at the beginning of the game
when the score is 0-0 or if the server’s score is even, they will serve from the right service
court. However, when the server’s score is odd, they will serve from the left service court.
The rally is over once the birdie contacts the floor does not return over the net, or lands
outside the court lines.
Officiating: an umpire who is in charge of the match, the court, and its immediate
surroundings four line judges (two for each side of the court positioned at the baseline) who
indicate whether a shuttlecock landed 'in' or 'out' on the line(s) assigned a service judge.
3. Name of Sport: Bowling
Type of Sport: Individual
History: Bowling is one of the oldest games in the world, with balls, pins, and other gear
discovered in a 5,200-year-old children's tomb in Egypt. This is how we know an early form
of bowling existed in Ancient Egypt. A similar game was played at fairs and celebrations in
200 A.D. Germany.
Court Dimension: 60 feet long and 42 inches wide
Equipment and Gear: Bowling ball, Bowling shoes, Pinsetter and Bowling pins
Technical Skills: Footwork, Aiming, Shot repetition and accuracy, Technical practice,
Holding the ball, Arm position and Follow-through
Tactical Skills: Psychological tactics, Analyzing opponents, and Delivery action
Rules of the Game: 10 Frames in a Game,2 Balls per Frame, The Maximum Score is 300,
Release of the Ball & the Foul Line, The bowling ball can't come out of the gutter, Wait for
the Bowler on your right and Use proper bowling shoes
Officiating: Umpires, Coaches, and Markers.
DUAL
1. Name of Sport: Pingpong/Table Tennis
Type of Sport: Dual and Individual
History: The sport originated in Victorian England, where it was played among the upper
class as an after-dinner parlor game. It has been suggested that makeshift versions of the
game were developed by British military officers in India around the 1860s or 1870s, who
brought it back with them.
Court Dimension: 14 m (45.9 ft) long by 7 m (23.0 ft) wide, and a height clearance of at least
5 m (16.4 ft).
Equipment and Gear: Racket, Net, Ball, and Table
Technical Skills: Backhand drive, Forehand smash, Spinning the ball, Forehand push,
Footwork and body positioning, Bat grip, Ready position, Service, and Stroke.
Tactical Skills: Serve tactics, Footwork, Rallying tactics, Stroke placement, and Ready
position
Rules of the Game: Alternative serves every two points, Games are played to 11 points,
Toss the ball straight up when serving, The serve can land anywhere in singles, Double's
serve must go right court to right court, A serve that touches the net on the way over is a
"let", Alternative hitting in a double rally, Volleys are not allowed, If your hit bounces back
over the net by itself it is your point, Touching the ball with your paddle hand is allowed,
You may not touch the table with your non-paddle hand, An "edge" ball bouncing off the
horizontal table top surface is good, and Honor system applies to disagreements.
Officiating: Referee, Umpire, Assistant umpire, Stroke counter, and Timekeeper.
2. Name of Sport: Skating
Type of Sport: Dual and Individual
History: Research suggests that the earliest ice skating happened in southern Finland more
than 4,000 years ago.
Court Dimension: length of 196.85' (60 m) and width of 98.43' (30 m), for a total area of
18,707 ft² (1738 m²). The corners of a Figure Skating Rink have a radius of 27.89' (8.5 m).
Equipment and Gear: Helmet, Skates, Gloves, Knee pads, Elbow pads and Wrist guards
Technical Skills: Balance, Edge control, Starting and stopping, Striding, Turns, Crossovers,
Pivots, Progressions and Backward skating.
Tactical Skills: ability to skate in all game situations offensively and defensively
Rules of the Game: The last person standing wins. You can't put your feet down or touch the
ground with any part of your body. You can't slide the wheels if your opponent's trick is
clean. You can usually decide who goes first by playing rock, paper, scissors.
Officiating: Referees, Judges, Data specialists, Technical controllers, Technical specialists,
Accountants, Data entry and Replay operators.
3. Name of Sport: Lawn Tennis
Type of Sport: Dual and Individual
History: It is believed that lawn tennis started towards the end of the 18th century and in a
very short time overtook croquet as the most popular British summer sport. The game was
further expanded by an English army major, Walter Clopton Wingfield, who designed,
patented, and manufactured equipment in 1873.
Court Dimension: Length: 78 ft (23.77 m)
Width: 36 ft (10.97 m) for doubles matches
Service line: 21 ft (6.40 m) from the net
Playing area: 2,808 ft² for doubles matches
Equipment and Gear: Tennis racket, Tennis shoes, Tennis ball, Tennis bag and Tennis net
measuring stick
Technical Skills: between-the-leg shots, backhand smashes, and forehand slices
Tactical Skills: Win rallies. Play aggressively. Play to your advantage. Target your
opponent's weak spots. Come forward to attack the net. Bring your opponent to the net.
Provoke unforced errors.
Rules of the Game: To win a point, a player must hit a shot either before the ball has
bounced or after the first bounce. If the ball bounces twice, then the player with the last shot
wins the point. A player must also wait for the ball to pass the net and come over to his side
of the court and cannot step over the net to hit the ball.
Officiating: Chair umpire, Line umpire, Referee, Chief umpire and Community official
TEAM
1. Name of Sport: Volleyball
Type of Sport: Team
History: Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the
Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was designed as
an indoor sport for businessmen who found the new game of basketball too vigorous.
Court Dimension: 29 feet 6 inches wide by 59 feet long.
Equipment and Gear: Volleyball braces, sleeves, pads, and resistance bands
Technical Skills: Setting, Serving, Blocking, Vertical jump, Spiking, Passing, and
Conditioning
Tactical Skills: Defensive tactics, Blocking, Digging, Diving, rolling, sliding, Serving,
Passing, Attacking, and Core Strength
Rules of the Game: Only 6 players on the floor at any given time: 3 in the front row and 3 in
the back row. Points are made on every serve for the winning team of the rally (rally-point
scoring). Players may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered a hit).
The ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve. A ball hitting a boundary
line is in. A ball is out if it hits an antenna, the floor completely outside the court, any of the
net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, or the ceiling above a non-
playable area. It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body. It is illegal to
catch, hold, or throw the ball. A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the
10-foot line. After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net. Matches are
made up of sets; the number depends on the level of play. Stepping on or across the service
line when serving while making contact with the ball. Failure to serve the ball over the net
successfully. Ball-handling errors and contacting the ball illegally (double touching, lifting,
carrying, throwing, etc.) Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.
Blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s court and contacting the ball when reaching over
the net if your opponent has not used 3 contacts and has a player there to make a play on the
ball. Attacking a ball coming from the opponent’s court and contacting the ball when
reaching over the net when the ball has not yet broken the vertical plane of the net. Crossing
the court centerline with any part of your body, except a hand or foot. It is only considered a
violation if the entire hand or entire foot crosses the court centerline. Serving out of rotation
or out of order. Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from the opponent) when,
at the moment of contact, the back row player is near the net and has part of their body above
the top of the net. This is an illegal block. Back row player attacking a ball inside the front
zone (the area inside the 3M/10-foot line) when, at the moment of contact, the ball is
completely above the net. This is an illegal attack.
Officiating: a team of officials that includes a main referee, a second referee, a scorer, and
line judges.
2. Name of Sport: Softball
Type of Sport: Team
History: Softball began in 1887 when George Hancock, a reporter for the Chicago Board of
Trade, invented "indoor baseball". By the spring of 1888, the game had spread outdoors. It
was originally called either mushball, kittenball, or indoor baseball, but by the 1920s it had
acquired the name of softball.
Court Dimension: Home plate to first and third bases: Both of these lanes should be a
distance of 60 feet from the back tip of the home plate to the base. Home plate to second
base: This should be a distance of 84 feet and 10 and 1/4 inches from the back tip of the home
to the base.
Equipment and Gear: balls, bats, gloves, cleats, helmets, and safety equipment
Technical Skills: Fielding, Catching, Hitting, Throwing, Bunting and Drills
Tactical Skills: hit-and-run, double-steal, and double-play defenses
Rules of the Game: There are 9 players on a softball team. The playing field is divided into
the infield and outfield. The lines between the bases are 60' apart and when joined they form
a «diamond», inside the baseline is known as the infield
Outside the baseline but inside the playing field is called the outfield. Any ball going outside
the 1st or 3rd baseline is a foul ball ( runners can not advance and the batter gets another try
unless the ball was caught in the air, which translates to an out). An official game is 7 innings
(an inning is when both teams have had their turn to bat). The visiting team bats in the first
half of each inning called the «top of the inning;» the home team bats in the second half of
each inning, called the «bottom of the inning.» There is no set time that an inning lasts; each
half of the inning continues until the defense accumulates three outs. If the game is tied after
the last inning, the game goes into «extra innings,» and continues until one team holds a lead
at the end of an inning.
Officiating:Umpires
3. Name of Sport: Football
Type of Sport: Team
History: Modern football originated in Britain in the 19th century. Though “folk football”
had been played since medieval times with varying rules, the game began to be standardized
when it was taken up as a winter game at public schools.
Court Dimension: 105 meters long and 68 meters wide
Equipment and Gear: Shoulder pads, Gloves, Football boots, Mouth guard, Helmet and
thigh pads.
Technical Skills: Dribbling, Ball control, Agility, Heading, Passing accuracy, Decision-
making and Mental preparation.
Tactical Skills: Spatial awareness, Applying pressure, Defensive strategies, Counter-attack
and Creativity.
Rules of the Game: A game in which two teams of 11 players, using any part of their bodies
except their hands and arms, try to maneuver the ball into the opposing team's goal. Only the
goalkeeper is permitted to handle the ball and may do so only within the penalty area
surrounding the goal. The team that scores more goals wins.
Officiating: Referee, Assistant referees, Fourth official and Video assistant referees
Activity #2
Name of the Participant: Reign Arianne G. Perez
Age:16
Sex: Female
Education: A Senior HS student
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Name of the Participant: Kristine Lujille L. Ocampo
Age: 16 years old
Sex: Female
Education: Currently, a senior high student
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of the Participant: Jeneviah Marty Yabut
Age:16
Sex: F
Education: A senior high student
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Conclusion and Interpretation:
Based on the participants' answers, they discovered their sports because of media exposure,
and by admiring famous varsity players as role models. They aspire to be like these athletes
and find comfort in playing sports, which also helps relieve stress. During the pandemic,
some of them discovered their talent in a specific sport, often influenced by family and
friends during their time together. Learning about their backgrounds shows that sports have
become a way to relax and manage stress and also with more internet use during the
pandemic, the media encouraged many to try sports and other activities. Because of this,
many have become good at their sports, showing how strong the media's impact is.
Activity #3
I enjoy playing badminton in my free time or when I'm invited to play with others. This sport
demands agility and the ability to move quickly to reach the shuttle. It requires short bursts
of energy for rapid movements and changes of direction. Balancing timing and footwork is
essential to maintain stability during play, for me to be able to score. Coordination between
the eyes and hands is crucial as you need to keep an eye on the shuttle and move your hand to
hit it. Reaction time, focus, and concentration are also important because I have to react
quickly when the shuttle is hit toward my side. Speed and power are key in badminton –
strong, fast movements make it challenging for my opponents to return the shuttlecock.
