Unit-12 (Intercultural Communication)

Supplementary Exercise
Question No. I (10 marks) – Initial Word
Complete the sentences with the appropriate words. The initial letters are given.
1. I had got an e------------- experience from this journey.
2. They unite people of different ages and d------------- groups.
3. Between 1870 and 1914, the industrial geography of the world was in r------------- change.
4. You should have a more c------------- with your best friend when you part after school life.
5. This organization has so many people who come from diffident r-------------, social, ethnic, and
educational backgrounds.
6. In Myanmar, there are over 130 e------------- groups according to survey research papers.
7. I------------- communication refers to communications take place between people of different cultures
or backgrounds.
8. Economic organization is to a great extent shaped by historical and c-------------- contexts.
9. Psychology is a d------------- that studies the human mind and its functions especially those affecting
behaviour in a given context.
10. My hobby is to study customs and traditions from different c--------------- .
11. Nowadays, c------------- management is a popular subject among the organizations.
12. M-------------- between us are the main causes of the problems.
13. Literature and arts are some enduring cultural v------------- of the nation.
14. Opinions, ideas and perceptions of people may depend on their cultural b-------------.
15. Smoking tobacco can adversely a------------- your lungs and blood flow.
16. Sometimes, we can face some c------------- problems of life and we need to solve successfully.
17. My c------------- and I had planned to go a trip to Kalaw.
18. We often need good s------------- about the work from our friends and family to do it better.
19. Most of the celebrities usually neglect negative c------------- of the public.
20. He did not want to e------------- her by asking personal questions.
21. Although he is strict, he has a s------------- mind.
22. We can easily know about his emotions by looking at his facial e-------------.
23. In Harvard, many i------------- students are studying their respective majors.
24. My best c------------- won the first prizes in essay and impromptu talk competitions.
25. If you are h------------, you cannot do something immediately because you are nervous or not certain.
26. He returned to his h------------- for the first time in many years.
27. The company i------------- a management training program for the leaders of all departments.
28. Most societies accept that talking during meal time is an o------------- manner.
29. Holding up the middle finger is one of the worst i------------- for every person.
30. Body language and eye contact are some examples of n------------- communication.
31. Our teacher always makes g------------- when he teaches us.
32. This is not an a------------- behaviour from the students for a teacher.
33. A behaviour which is suitable for one culture may not be t------------- for another one.
34. A v------------- is a person who freely offers to take part in an enterprise or undertake a task.
35. The chair is u------------- to sit for me the whole day.
36. You can only p------------- the real beauty in a person as he/she gets older.
37. To avoid social b-------------, intercultural awareness should be raised among the children.
38. A person’s values and b------------- mainly rely on his or her religion.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 39. There are a great number of cultural n------------- that need to follow in our society.
40. Today, there is a growing a------------- of the seriousness of this disease.
41. One European country has five n------------- and seven languages.
Question No. II (10 marks) – Multiple Choice
Choose the appropriate words or phrases to complete the sentences.
1. The state ------------- of our country is mainly based on agriculture and mining.
A. economic B. economy C. economics
2. The doctor advised his patient to avoid ------------- with sick people.
A. connect B. contact C. communicate
3. In a discussion, disagreements can often ------------- when opinions differ.
A. arise B. happen C. rise
4. When two people have opposing views on a topic, it can lead to a/an -------------.
A. interaction B. discussion C. conflict
5. All the students were ------------- about their upcoming field trip to Mount Popa.
A. exciting B. interested C. excited
6. Participating in a marathon can be quite ------------- for many runners.
A. challenging B. dangerous C. risky
7. It was so ------------- to slip before the classmates.
A. embarrass B. embarrassing C. embarrassed
8. In many countries, it is important to avoid making someone lose ------------- in public.
A. hope B. heart C. face
9. My sister is studying at Mandalay University and she lives ------------- the campus.
A. on B. in C. at
10. When your senior asks you something, you should ------------- politely.
A. communicate B. react C. respond
11. In the office, it is important to maintain a professional relationship with your -------------.
A. partners B. friends C. colleagues
12. Soe Aung, my friend, is a big -------------- of Manchester United football club.
A. fan B. audience C. follower
13. When you are late for a meeting, it is polite to give a / an ------------.
A. excuse B. reason C. explanation
14. To ------------- a new project, it is essential to have a clear plan and resources.
A. finish B. initiate C. cancel
15. When someone ------------- you, it’s best to remain calm and not respond in kind.
A. praises B. greets C. insults
16. Understanding other people’s -------------- can help improve interpersonal relationships.
A. interactions B. emotions C. mistakes
17. In a diverse society, it’s important to ------------ different cultures and beliefs.
A. tolerate B. ignore C. avoid
18. This hotel manager is good at ------------ complaints from visitors.
A. asking for B. dialing with C. hanging
19. After his graduation, he ------------ his own business.
A. set up B. set in C. set aside
20. Does this photo -------------- any memories of the first day at school?
A. bring about B. bring over C. back

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 21. Knowing the ending already did not spoil my ------------- of the film.
A. recreation B. enjoyment C. vocation
22. After three days lost in the mountains, all the climbers arrived home ------------- and sound.
A. dangerous B. reliable C. safe
23. Intercultural -------------- focuses on social attributes, thought patterns and the cultures of different
groups of people.
A. communicative B. communication C. communicator
24. He spoke the failure of UN and the ------------- community to prevent tragedy.
A. intercultural B. intentional C. international
25. Giving up smoke ------------- the risk of heart disease and lung cancer.
A. reduces B. reuses C. reproduces
Question No. III (10 marks) - Grammar
Grade-12
Relative Pronouns and Relative Adverbs
C. Join the sentences to make new sentences using the relative pronouns or relative adverbs.
1. Nestle is a multinational food manufacturer. lt produces dairy products, coffee and confectionery.
Nestle ------------------------------------------------------------.
2. Pathein Htee is a beautiful Myanmar traditional parasol. Many foreigners buy it as a souvenir.
Pathein Htee -------------------------------------------------------.
3. Mg Mg Oo took a photo. It won the first prize in the International Photography Competition.
The photo -------------------------------------------------------.
4. We interviewed the parents. They were really eager to improve education for their children.
The parents --------------------------------------------------------.
5. The money does not belong to you. Don't take it.
Don't take the money -------------------------------------------------.
D. Join the sentences to make new sentences using the relative pronouns or relative adverbs given in
brackets. Make changes where necessary.
1. This is the village. I was bom in this village. (where)
2. Patricia wanted to visit the Myeik Archipelago. This is the reason why she came toMyanmar. (why)
3. Thadingyut is the Lighting Festival of Myanmar. It is the time many Myanmar people decorate the
buildings with colourful paper lanterns. (when)
4. The souvenir shop is closed today. Do you know the reason? (why)
5. She writes a guidebook. That book has pictures of scenic spots in Myanmar. (which)
1. Nestle which is a multinational food manufacture produces dairy products coffee and confectionery.
Additional Exercise
Described in Unit-2

Grade-11
Modal Verbs: Can and Could
A. Fill in the blanks with ‘can’ or ‘could’. Use the negative form where necessary.
1. Global warming __________ be controlled by reducing CO2 emission.
2. Shopping online __________ cost you more than shopping at the market but I’m not sure.
3. She is a tolerant person. She __________ easily be upset with your argument.
4. Pet dogs __________ transmit diseases to their owners.
5. Perhaps, eating certain amount of sugar __________ increase the risk of diabetes.
6. Many years ago, mobile phones __________ be luxury items for many people.
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 7. Hiking in the rainy seasons __________ be dangerous.
8. I think she __________ be exhausted after a long flight.
9. They __________ win the match. They didn’t have proper training.
10. You __________ prevent respiratory tract infections by washing your hands with soap and running
water often.
B. Fill in the blanks with ‘can’ or ‘could’. Use the negative form where necessary.
1. My brother __________ say a word until he was three.
2. __________ you reach the top shelf?
3. I __________ understand what he is saying. He’s speaking too fast.
4. My dog __________ jump higher than now when he was young.
5. I __________ carry this backpack; it’s too heavy.
6. We __________ get to the meeting on time although we were stuck in traffic.
7. He __________ play the guitar. He has never learnt how to play it.
8. Before I attended the Japanese class, I __________ speak Japanese at all.
9. Thiha __________ sing very well. He has won many awards in singing contests.
10. She is already eight now, but she __________read yet.
C. Rewrite the following sentences buy using ‘can’, ‘can’t’, ‘could’ or ‘couldn’t’ without changing the
meaning of the given sentences.
1. He had the ability to run a marathon when he was young.
2. She doesn’t know how to make a cheese cake.
3. I am not sure that the pharmacy will close today.
4. Watching a documentary movie is sometimes really boring.
5. This mushroom is possibly poisonous.
6. It is certain that she is not a teacher.
7. Having access to the internet was sometimes difficult in my town.
8. Hnin Hnin didn’t have the ability to drive a car when she was twenty.
9. Shouting out loud possibly helps you to reduce stress.
10. Muyar knows how to knit sweaters.
‘So … that’ and ‘Such … that’
D. Combine the sentences by using ‘so … that’ or ‘such … that’.
1. It was an amazing view. I even forgot to breathe.
2. My secretary is reliable. I never have to worry about my daily schedule.
3. There are many factories in our city. The air quality is poor.
4. He drove very fast. He was fined for driving over the speed limit.
5. Min Khant is a talented boy. He can learn four languages at the same time.
6. She spoke very softly. We could not hear her at all even from the second row.
7. They are hard-working students. They win outstanding awards every year.
8. He inherited much money from his parents. He did not need to work.
9. It was an enjoyable trip. I would never forget every single moment.
10. Her blouse was very tight. It was difficult for her to breathe.
E. Finish the following sentences with logical results.
1. The children are so noisy that …
2. It was such a sunny day that …
3. He spent so much money on clothes that …
4. I was so sleepy that …
5. She is such aa friendly girl that …
6. It was such a boring film that …
7. The machine is making so much noise that …

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 8. He eats so much fast food that …
9. It is such an expensive restaurant that …
10. My back is aching so badly that …
Additional Exercise
Combine the sentences using ‘so---that’ or ‘such---that’.
1. The book was so interesting that I had to finish reading it.
2. The coffee was so good that I had another cup.
3. Yesterday was so cold that they couldn’t go out.
4. The night was so dark that there were few people on the road.
5. Su Su’s fever was so high that she was taken to the hospital.
6. Htoo Htoo had a very high fever so he had to go to the clinic.
7. He is such a stingy person that nobody likes him.
8. He is such a good nurtured person that everyone likes him.
9. He drives so skillfully that the passengers feel safe and secure.
10. It was such a fine weather that the children went for a picnic.
11. The film is so interesting that I saw it twice.
12. He is so serious that he cannot enjoy even a few jokes
13. The day was so wet and cold that we stayed indoors.
14. It is such an expansive dictionary that I cannot afford to buy it.
15. Htet Htet was so beautiful that everyone loved her.
16. It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice.
17. The day was so wet and cold that the children were kept indoors.
18. Helen was so hardworking that she finally graduated form a famous college.
19. She is such a helpful teacher that everyone in our school likes her.
20. It was a very wet afternoon. We decided to stay at home.
Grade-10
Relative Pronouns: ‘that’ and ‘which’
Text-based Exercise
A. Join the two sentences in each number, using that or which as in the example given.
e.g. I do these exercises every day. They build muscles and increases stamina.
I do these exercises, that / which build muscles and increases stamina every day.
1. The building was destroyed in the storm. It has now been rebuilt.
2. We stayed in the Excellent Hotel. A friend recommended it to us..
3. These buses go to the airport. They leave every half hour.
4. Ko Tu told me about his new job. He is enjoying it very much.
5. We often go to Bago to visit our relatives. It is only ten miles from our village.
6. These stairs lead to the swimming pool. They are rather slippery.
7. Mother gave me this sweater. She knitted it herself.
8. The washing machine is still working perfectly. I have used it with care.
B. Make sentences with relative clauses using the words as in the example given.
e.g. Unicycle / a vehicle like a bicycle / has only one wheel.
A unicycle is a vehicle like a bicycle that / which has only one wheel.
1. the earth/ the only planet / can support life.
2. the invention / has changed the modern world / the computer.
3. swimming / an activity / I enjoy doing.
4. the programme / I love watching on TV / the Master Chef programme.
5. an activity / helps reduce stress / gardening.
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
Making Comparisons; ‘as…as’ and ‘not as… as’
Text-based Exercise
C. Join each pair of sentences, using ‘as… as’.
1. Climbing up a mountain is difficult. Climbing down a mountain is also difficult.
2. It is warm today. It was also warm yesterday.
3. The shopping mall is crowded today. It was also crowded yesterday.
4. Yesterday, they played well. They usually play well.
5. My mother is always busy. My father is also always busy.
D. Rewrite the sentences, using ‘not as… as’.
1. Robots can work more precisely than human workers.
2. An electric lamp is brighter than a candle.
3. Ko Ko spends more time playing than studying.
4. Nuclear power is clearer than coal.
5. The air quality in rural areas is better than the air quality in urban areas.
Relative Pronouns: ‘that’ and ‘which’
Additional Exercise
1. The DVD recorder is not working. I bought it at this store a few days ago.
2. That is the book. I recommended it to read in class.
3. We stayed at the famous Rockstar hotel. It had an indoor swimming pool.
4. Where is the money? I gave you yesterday.
5. The present was really fantastic. I got it from my classmate.
6. He showed us the car. He wants to buy it.
7. The concert happened last night. It was held last night.
8. I like your coat. You wore it to the party.
9. The book costs only two thousand kyats. It is very informative.
10. The picture was very interesting. It had been filmed in Thailand.
Making Comparisons; ‘as…as’ and ‘not as… as’
Additional Exercise
Join the following sentences by using ‘as---as’.
1. His brain works faster like a computer.
2. The water in the pool is clear. It is like crystal.
3. Dipa looks very elegant and so does Nanda.
4. The scene along the beach is beautiful. It is like a picture.
5. The old man was very cunning. He was like a fox.
6. My younger brother is restless. He is like a monkey.
7. Her mouth is sweet. It is like a ripe fig.
8. The old man was very humble. He looked like a hermit.
9. The teacher’s advice was very sound. It was what it should be.
10. The students tried best. It was what they could do.
Join the following sentences by using ‘not as---as’.
1. Kay Thwe is more intelligent that Nay New.
2. Grandfather clocks required more space than other styles of clocks.
3. A Mercedes car is more expensive than a Toyota Saloon.
4. Boys are more playful than girls.
5. The speaking skill is more difficult than the reading skill.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 6. Chemistry is more difficult to learn than Physics.
7. Daylight is better than electric light.
8. Ko Nge studies more seriously than Ko Phyo.
9. My sister arrived home earlier than I did.
10. My mother gets up earlier than I do
Question No. IV (5 marks) – Short question
Text questions
1. Why is intercultural communication important in the 21th Century World?
2. What is intercultural communication?
3. Why did Japanese colleagues avoid saying ‘no’ directly to Megan when she asked for some
suggestions on her lecture?
4. Why was Jose hesitant to respond to Emma’s request for a date?
5. Does the gesture ‘holding up the index finger’ mean the same in Italy and in the U.S? Why?
6. Why was Lee Yoo-Mi not happy with the name which her Myanmar friend used to call her?
7. According to the author, how can we got to a better world?
8. When you have a misunderstanding caused by cultural differences, how will you handle it?
Additional questions
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. Why can intercultural conflicts and misunderstandings arise?
2. What does ‘Gestures can be different from one culture to another’ mean?
3. What does intercultural communication involve?
4. What are the various aspects of culture?
Question No. V (10 marks) - Read the passage (Text)
I. Read the passage.
The 21st Century World has become a more diverse community as a result of rapid changes in the
global economy, technology and transportation. There has been more contact among people who are from
different religious, social, ethnic and educational backgrounds. Therefore, intercultural communication plays
an important role in diverse cultural contexts. Intercultural communication is a discipline that studies
communication across different cultures and social groups, or how culture affects communication. When we
deal with people from different cultures, intercultural conflicts and misunderstandings may arise from
differences in cultural values and traditional practices.
Study the following blog posts to see how different cultural backgrounds lead to certain conflicts and
misunderstandings that affect communication.
BLOG POST 1: Under the Japan Exchange and Teaching (JET) Programme, Megan, an Australian teacher,
was excited to have challenging experiences in Japan. After delivering her first lecture, she asked her
Japanese colleagues for some suggestions on her lecture, “Did it work?”, “Did the activity go well?” She
didn’t receive any negative comments” - no one said ‘no’ to her directly. Now she has been in Japan for two
months and she hasn’t heard the word ‘iee’ (no). What an exciting experience for her!
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
st
1. ------------- occur in the global economy, technology and transportation in the 21 century.
2. Nowadays, people from different background have ------------- each other more.
3. The ------------- of communication across different cultures and social groups is called intercultural
communication.
4. ------------- people from different cultures may arise intercultural conflicts and misunderstandings.
5. Some conflicts and misunderstandings can ------------- communication.
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. In which fields have rapid changes in the 21st century?
7. Why does intercultural communication play an important role in diverse cultural contexts?
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 8. When can intercultural conflicts and misunderstandings arise?
9. Why was Megan excited about the Japan Exchange and Teaching (JET) Programme?
10. What is an exciting experience for Megan in japan?
II. Read the passage
BLOG POST 3: James and his Italian friend were watching the college football match between the
University of Oklahoma (OU) and the University of Texas at Austin. During the match, the OU fans held up
their index finger, which means “We are No 1”. The Texas fans held up the index finger and the little finger,
which means “Hook’em, Homs”, referring to their mascot, the Longhorn. (“Hook’em, Horns” can be
broadly interpreted as “Defeat them”.) To an Italian, those gestures mean very different. The first one
‘holding up the index finger’ is an offensive manner, and the second one ‘holding up the index finger and
the little finger’ is one of the worst insults for an Italian man.
It can be seen in BLOG POST 3 that people from different cultural backgrounds communicate their thoughts
and emotions differently by means of nonverbal communication, such as facial expressions and gestures.
Gestures can be different from one culture to another. This means that a gesture which is acceptable in one
culture might not be tolerated in another.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. The college football match between the University of Oklahoma (OU) and the University of Texas
was ------------- by James and his Italian friend at Austin.
2. ------------- OU fans’ fingers mean “We are No.1.”.
3. The meaning of those gestures ------------- to an Italian.
4. When an OU fan ------------- the index finger, it is an offensive manner for an Italian.
5. Gestures may not ------------- from one culture to another.
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. What were James and his Italian doing at Austin?
7. How do OU fans show the sign “We are No.1”?
8. What is one of the worst insults for an Italian man?
9. How do people from different backgrounds communicate their thoughts and feelings differently?
10. Why can’t a gesture which is acceptable in one culture be tolerated in another?
III. Read the passage.
BLOG POST 4: Lee Yoo-Mi, a Korean student, came to Myanmar under the KOICA Overseas
Volunteer Program and became friends with Thuzar Aung, a teenage girl. Neither of them could speak the
other’s language. However, communication was going well as they could communicate with each other in
English. Thuzar addressed Lee Yoo-Mi as ‘Lee Yoo’ and the latter called Thuzar Aung ‘Aung’. A few
weeks later, the Korean girl said, “I feel a bit uncomfortable when you call me Lee. That’s my family name.
Please call me “Yoo-Mi”. As a Myanmar girl, who is learning English as a foreign language, she thought
that her family name might be the last name and the Korean girl also thought, as in her own culture, the
family name of her Myanmar friend is Thuzar. Each of them realised that their guesses were wrong and then
became comfortable and happy with the name they wanted to be called.
In BLOG POST 4, the two friends from different lands made wrong guesses about how a person should be
addressed as they did not realise that each culture has its own naming system.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. Lee Yoo-Mi came from -------------.
2. Lee Yoo-Mi and Thuzar Aung ------------- the other language.
3. The family name of a Korean is the ------------- name.
4. Their guesses about ------------- were wrong.
5. Neither of the two friends ------------- that each culture has its own naming system.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. Why was the communication between Lee Yoo-Mi and Thuzar Aung ok?
7. Why did Lee Yoo-Mi feel uncomfortable when Thuzar her Lee?
8. What does the word ‘the latter’ refer to?
9. How did Lee Yoo-Mi and Thuzar Aung address each other initially?
10. What was the main problem about addressing each other between Lee Yoo-Mi and Thuzar Aung?

Question No. VI (10 marks) - Read the passage (Unseen)

I. Read the passage.
A zero-waste lifestyle is an eco-friendly lifestyle that aims to reduce the amount of waste an
individual creates daily and send as little waste to landfills as possible. While it is impossible to create zero
waste, there are many ways to reduce consumption that can benefit our planet. Much of the food waste we
produce, like eggshells or fruit peels, are biodegradable materials and they can become nutrient-rich soil,
homegrown fertilizer, for plants. Many common household items can be repurposed to reduce waste. For
example, glass jars can be handy for storing food or become lovely flower vases. An old bed sheet can be
turned into a reusable bag for grocery shopping. Use fabric bags to carry fresh produce, so we don’t have to
use the store’s single-use plastic bags. Buying second-hand clothing is a good way to reuse pre-existing
materials, rather than purchasing new, trendy, fast-fashion garments that are more likely to end up in a
landfill. Recycling is the process by which used materials are converted into new products. Recycling cuts
down on our need to harvest resources, minimizes greenhouse gas emissions, and reduces deforestation over
time. When waste generation is decreased, it has a positive impact on pollution linked to manufacturing,
transportation, and disposal. Adopting a zero-waste lifestyle can be challenging because we have to unlearn
wasteful behaviours while learning to practise mindful consumption.
A. Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. There is an
extra. (5 marks)
1. occurring, found or done often =
2. paying close attention to =
3. agricultural and other natural products =
4. the action of causing something to exist =
5. the action of using up resources =
B. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
6. What are the aims of a zero-waste lifestyle?
7. Give an example of repurposing an old thing to reduce waste.
8. How can recycling help the environment?
9. Why can adopting a zero-waste lifestyle be challenging?
10. What are your suggestions for changing to a zero-waste lifestyle?
II. Read the passage
Do you skip breakfast? Millions of people do, and if you are one of them, you are putting your
ability to think and learn at risk. Skipping breakfast can cause you to be hungry, tired or exhausted by the
middle of the morning. Why is that? First, when you wake up, you have not eaten for about eight hours.
Your body’s fuel, called glucose, is low. Eating breakfast raises the level of glucose in your brain. Your
brain requires a constant flow of glucose to do mental work.
So eating breakfast will give you a mental edge at school. What if you don’t have enough time for
breakfast or if you are not hungry when you wake up? Having something for breakfast is better than nothing.
Drink some milk or juice. Then catch a nutritious snack later on in the morning. Yoghurt, dry cereal,
cheeses, or fruit are good choices. What if you don’t like breakfast foods? Then eat healthy food you do like.
Even a cold pizza or a fruit smoothie can power your morning. Any way you look at it, there’s no reason to
skip this essential.
A. Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. (5 marks)
1. a thick drink made of fruit
2. a breakfast food made from grain
3. a person’s ability to focus
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 4. tired
5. danger
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (10 marks)
6. How will you feel if you skip breakfast?
7. What does eating breakfast do to your body?
8. What advice will you give the people who do not have time for breakfast?
9. According to the passage, what are nutritious snacks?
10. What is the main idea of the passage?

Question No. VII (10 marks) – Dialogue and Exchange

Grade-12 (Unit 12: Intercultural Communication)
I. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
it's great1 came to see
held in Sapparo any famous places
in February so many exciting things
Yadanar: It's nice to see you here again. Did you have a good time in Japan?
Nan Su: Oh, -------(1)-------! I stayed there for a month.
Yadanar: Did you? Lucky you! Did you visit -------(2)------- there?
Nan Su: Yes, quite a number of famous places. I visited Hokkaido -------(3)------- to enjoy the Sapparo
Snow Festival.
Swan Htet: Really? That sounds amazing.
Yadanar: What kind of festival is it?
Nan Su: It's a snow festival annually -------(4)------- . About two million people -------(5)-------
hundreds of snow statues and ice sculptures in the Odori Park. The International Snow
Sculpture Contest was also held in the park.
II. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
What a great idea made of snow
No way any Japanese specialties
That's really wonderful How wonderful
Yadanar: Wow! Interesting! What did you see there?
Nan Su: Statues of famous buildings, well-known people, popular events and so on. Around 400
in total. There's a number of stages -------(1)-------! Some musical performances were held on
those stages.
Swan Htet: -------(2)-------! What did you do there? Did you sing on the stage?
Nan Su: -------(3)-------! But we enjoyed the long snow and ice slides. We also walked through
a huge maze made of snow.
Swan Htet: That's amazing! I wish I were also there!
Yadanar: Me tool By the way, did you try -------(4)-------?
Nan Su: Yes, I did. Hokkaido is famous for a variety of local foods - Sushi, Sashimi, Lamb
BBQ, Hokkaido Ramen … and fresh fruits such as peaches, cherries and blueberries.
Yadanar: -------(5)------- ! Did you buy anything as a souvenir of Hokkaido?
Nan Su: Sure, I did! Ice statues, but they melted on the way back home….
Just kidding.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
Unseen Exchange
I. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
Don't forget to take your umbrella. Oh no, the electricity just went off.
I hope you like it. Honesty is always the best policy.
Learn from it and improve. The wind is so strong today.
A: I'm sorry, I failed the exam. I should have studied harder.
B: It's alright, we all make mistakes. -------(6)-------
A: Don't ever tell a lie. -------(7)-------
B: I completely agree. Lies only complicate things and erode trust.
A: It looks like it might rain. -------(8)-------
B: Thanks for the reminder. I'll make sure to grab it before I leave.
A: -------(9)------- It's blowing everything around.
B: Yes, it's quite powerful. Be careful and secure any loose items.
A: ------- (10)------- What should we do?
B: Let's find some candles or flashlights until the power comes back on.
II. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
This problem seems impossible to solve. Where do we start?
Sometimes, work feels really challenging and overwhelming, doesn't it?
Will there be someone to guide me? They've done so much for us.
You broke your promise again.
A: There's so much to do for the wedding. -------(6)-------
B: Let's make a checklist and prioritize tasks to stay organized.
A: I'm really angry with you. -------(7)-------
B: I apologize. I understand my mistake and will make it right.
A: -------(8)------- I'm feeling overwhelmed.
B: Take a step back, analyse it calmly, and we'll find a solution.
A: I can't express how much I love and appreciate my parents.
B: ------- (9) ------- Let's make sure they know.
A: ------- (10) -------
B: Absolutely. But remember, the harder the work, the sweeter the reward.

Question No. VIII (10 marks) – Letter Writing

ကတငက ကမတထ သငသည အဖငဝ က မ
ကတငက ကမတထ သငသည အဆ သတ ဆ ပဆ တ င စ မ

Question No. IX (15 marks) – Essay Writing

Writing an argumentative essay
• Education should be free for everyone
Writing a cause and effect essay
• Effects of school bullying on children and teenagers
Writing an persuasive essay
• Why students should need to read more
• Why students should have best friends

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 Unit-12 (Intercultural Communication)
Supplementary Exercise (Keys)
Question No. I (10 marks) – Initial Word
Complete the sentences with the appropriate words. The initial letters are given.
1. exciting 8. cultural 15. affect 22. expression(s) 29. insults
2. diverse 9. discipline 16. challenging 23. international 30. nonverbal
3. rapid 10. cultures 17. colleagues 24. classmate 31. gestures
4. contact 11. conflict/conflicts 18. suggestion(s) 25. hesitant 32. acceptable
5. religious 12. Misunderstandings 19. comments 26. homeland 33. tolerated
6. ethnic 13. values 20. embarrass 27. initiates 34. volunteer
7. Intercultural 14. backgrounds 21. subtle 28. offensive 35. uncomfortable
36. perceive 37. blunder 38. beliefs 39. norms 40. awareness
41. nationalities

Question No. II (10 marks) – Multiple Choice

Choose the appropriate words or phrases to complete the sentences.
1. B 6. A 11. C 16. B 21. B
2. B 7. B 12. A 17. A 22. C
3. A 8. C 13. C 18. B 23. B
4. C 9. A 14. B 19. A 24. C
5. C 10.C 15. C 20. C 25. A

Question No. III (10 marks) - Grammar

Grade-12
Relative Pronouns and Relative Adverbs
C. Join the sentences to make new sentences using the relative pronouns or relative adverbs.
1. Nestle which produces dairy products, coffee and confectionery is a multinational food
manufacturer.
2. Pathein Htee which many foreigners buy as a souvenir is a beautiful Myanmar traditional parasol.
3. The photo which Mg Mg Oo took won the first prize in the International Photography Competition.
4. The parents whom we interviewed were really eager to improve education for their children.
5. Don’t take the money that does not belong to you.
D. Join the sentences to make new sentences using the relative pronouns or relative adverbs given in
brackets. Make changes where necessary.
1. This is the village where I was born.
2. The reason why Patricia came to Myanmar is to visit the Myeik Archipelago.
3. Thadingyut is the Lighting Festival of Myanmar when many Myanmar people decorate the buildings
with colourful paper lanterns.
4. Do you know the reason why the souvenir shop is closed today?
5. She writes a guidebook which has pictures of scenic spots in Myanmar.

Additional Exercise
Described in Unit-2

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
Grade-11
Modal Verbs: Can and Could
A. Fill in the blanks with ‘can’ or ‘could’. Use the negative form where necessary.
1. can 2. couldn’t 3. can’t 4. can 5. couldn’t
6. could 7. Can 8.could 9. can’t 10.can
B. Fill in the blanks with ‘can’ or ‘could’. Use the negative form where necessary.
1. couldn’t 2. Can 3. can’t 4. could 5. can’t
6. could 7. can’t 8. couldn’t 9. can 10. can’t
C. Rewrite the following sentences buy using ‘can’, ‘can’t’, ‘could’ or ‘couldn’t’ without changing the
meaning of the given sentences.
1. He could run a marathon when he was young.
2. She can’t make a cheese cake.
3. The pharmacy could close today.
4. Watching a documentary movie can be really boring.
5. This mushroom could be poisonous.
6. She can’t be a teacher.
7. Having access to the Internet could be difficult in my town.
8. Hnin Hnin couldn’t drive a car when she was twenty.
9. Shouting out loud could help you to reduce stress.
10. Muyar can knit sweaters.
‘So … that’ and ‘ Such … that’
D. Combine the sentences by using ‘so … that’ or ‘such … that’.
1. It was such an amazing view that I even forgot to breathe.
2. My secretary is so reliable that I never have to worry about my daily schedule.
3. There are so many factories in our city that the air quality is poor.
4. He drove so fast that he was fined for driving over the speed limit.
5. Min Khant is such a talented boy that he can learn four languages at the same time.
6. She spoke so softly that we could not hear her at all even from the second row.
7. They are such hard-working students that they win outstanding awards every year.
8. He inherited so much money from his parents that he did not need to work.
9. It was such an enjoyable trip that I would never forget every single moment.
10. Her blouse was so tight that if was difficult for her to breathe.
E. Finish the following sentences with logical results.
1. The children are so noisy that I can’t study well.
2. It was such a sunny day that I could go to the beach.
3. He spent so much money on clothes that he had no money to buy food.
4. I was so sleepy that I couldn’t watch TV anymore.
5. She is such a friendly girl that she is loved by her friends.
6. It was such a boring film that we went back home before ending.
7. The machine is making so much noise that my father can’t meditate.
8. He eats so much fast food that he often feels sick.
9. It is such an expensive restaurant that only a few people can come and eat.
10. My back is aching so badly that I can’t walk well.
Additional Exercise
Combine the sentences using ‘so---that’ or ‘such---that’.
1. It was such an interesting book that I had to finish reading it.
2. It was such a good coffee that I had another cup.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 3. It was such a cold day that they couldn’t go out yesterday.
4. It was such a dark night that there were few people on the road.
5. Su Su had a high fever that she was taken to the hospital.
6. Htoo Htoo had such a very high fever that he had to go to the clinic.
7. He is so stingy that nobody likes him.
8. He is so good nurtured that everyone likes him.
9. He is such a skillful driver that the passengers feel safe and secure.
10. The weather was so fine that the children went for a picnic.
11. It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice.
12. He is such a serious person that he cannot enjoy even a few jokes
13. It was such a wet and cold day that we stayed indoors.
14. The dictionary is so expensive that I cannot afford to buy it.
15. Htet Htet was such a beautiful girl that everyone loved her.
16. The film was so interesting that I saw it twice.
17. It was such a wet and cold day that the children were kept indoors.
18. Helen was such a hardworking girl that she finally graduated form a famous college.
19. The teacher is so helpful that everyone in our school likes her.
20. It was such a very wet afternoon that we decided to stay at home.
Grade-10
Relative Pronouns: ‘that’ and ‘which’
Text-based Exercise
A. Join the two sentences in each number, using that or which as in the example given.
1. The building , that/which was destroyed in the storm , has now been rebuilt.
2. We stayed in the Excellent hotel, that/which a friend recommended to us.
3. These buses, that/ which go to the airport, leave every half hour.
4. Ko Tu told me about his new job , that/which he is enjoying very much.
5. We often go to Bago, that/which is only ten miles from our village, to visit our relatives .
6. These stairs , that/which lead to the swimming pool , are rather slippery .
7. Mother gave me this sweater , that/which she knitted herself.
8. The washing machine, that/ which I have used with care, is still working perfectly.
B. Make sentences with relative clauses using the words as in the example given.
1. The earth is the only planet , that/which can support life.
2. The invention , that/which has changed the modern world, is the computer.
3. Swimming is an activity, that/which I enjoy doing.
4. The programme, that/which I love watching on TV, is the Master Chef programme.
5. An activity, that/which helps reduce stress, is gardening.
Making Comparisons; ‘as…as’ and ‘not as… as’
Text-based Exercise
C. Join each pair of sentences, using ‘as… as’.
1. Climbing up the mountain is as difficult as climbing down the mountain.
2. It is as warm today as it was yesterday .
3. The shopping mall is as crowded today as it was yesterday .
4. Yesterday, they played as well as they usually do.
5. My mother is always as busy as my father.
D. Rewrite the sentences, using ‘not as… as’.
1. Human workers can't work as precisely as robots .
2. A candle is not as bright as an electric lamp .

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 3. Ko Ko does not spend as much time studying as playing.
4. Coal is not as clean as nuclear power .
5. The air quality in urban areas is not as good as the air quality in rural areas.
Relative Pronouns: ‘that’ and ‘which’
Additional Exercise
1. The DVD recorder, which/that I bought at this store a few days ago is not working.
2. That is the book which/that I recommended to read in class.
3. We stayed at the famous Rockstar hotel which/that had an indoor swimming pool.
4. Where is the money which/that I gave you yesterday?
5. The present which/that I got from my classmate was really fantastic.
6. He showed us the car which/that he wants to buy.
7. The concert which/that was held in the park happened last night.
8. I like your coat which/that you wore to the party.
9. The book which/that is very informative costs only two thousand kyats.
10. The picture which/that had been filmed in Thailand was very interesting.
Making Comparisons; ‘as…as’ and ‘not as… as’
Additional Exercise
Join the following sentences by using ‘as---as’.
1. His brain works as fast as a computer.
2. The water in the pool is as clear as crystal.
3. Dipa looks as elegant as Nanda.
4. The scene along the beach is as beautiful as a picture.
5. The old man was as cunning as a fox.
6. My younger brother as restless as a monkey.
7. Her mouth is as sweet as a ripe fig.
8. The old man was as humble as a hermit.
9. The teacher’s advice was as sound as what it should be.
10. The students tried as best as what they could do.
Join the following sentences by using ‘not as---as’.
1. Nay Nwe is not as intelligent as Kay Thwe.
2. Other styles of clocks did not require as much space as grandfather clocks.
3. A Toyota Saloon is not as expensive as A Mercedes.
4. Girls are not as playful as boys.
5. The reading skill is not as difficult as the speaking skill.
6. Physics is not as difficult as Chemistry.
7. Electric light is not as good as daylight.
8. Ko Phyo does not study as seriously as Ko Nge.
9. I did not arrive home as early as my sister.
10. I do not get up as early as my mother.

Question No. IV (5 marks) - Short question

Text questions
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. Intercultural communication is important in the 21th Century World because there has been more
contact among people who are from different religious, social, ethnic and educational backgrounds.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 2. Intercultural communication is a discipline that studies communication across different cultures and
social groups, or how culture affects communication.
3. Japanese colleagues avoided saying ‘no’ directly to Megan when she asked for some suggestions on
her lecture because they felt that saying ‘no’ directly would make Megan embarrassed or even make
her lose face.
4. Jose was hesitant to respond to Emma’s request for a date because in his homeland Brazil, it is
unusual for a woman to start asking for a date.
5. The gesture ‘holding up the index finger’ does not mean the same in Italy and in the U.S because in
the U.S, it means “We are No.1”, while it is an offensive manner in Italy.
6. Lee Yoo-Mi was not happy with the name which her Myanmar friend used to call her because she
felt a bit uncomfortable when her friend used her family name ‘Lee’.
7. According to the author, we can get to a better world by raising intercultural awareness among us.
8. Accept relevant answer.
Additional questions
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
5. Intercultural conflicts and misunderstandings may arise because of differences in cultural values and
traditional practices.
6. ‘Gestures can be different from one culture to another’ means that a gesture which is acceptable in
one culture may not be tolerated in another.
7. Intercultural communication involves not only an interaction between people from different
countries but also communication between subgroups or ethnic groups within the same country.
8. The various aspects of culture are values, beliefs, rituals, norms, language and symbols.

Question No. V (10 marks) - Read the passage (Text)

I. Read the passage.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. rapid changes
2. contacted
3. study
4. dialing with
5. affect
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. The global economy, technology and transportation have rapid changes in the 21st century.
7. Intercultural communication plays an important role in diverse cultural contexts because there has
been more contact among people who are from different religious, social, ethnic and educational
backgrounds.
8. Intercultural conflicts and misunderstandings can arise when we deal with people from different
cultures.
9. Megan was excited about the Japan Exchange and Teaching (JET) Programme to have challenging
experiences in Japan.
10. An exciting experience for Megan in japan is that she has been in Japan for two months and she
hasn’t heard the word ‘iee’ (no).
II. Read the passage.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. being watched
2. holding up
3. is very different
4. holds up
5. not be same
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. James and his Italian were watching the college football match between the University of Oklahoma
(OU) and the University of Texas at Austin?
7. OU fans show the sign “We are No.1” by holding up their index finger.
8. One of the worst insults for an Italian man is ‘holding up the index finger and the little finger’.
9. People from different backgrounds communicate their thoughts and feelings differently by means of
nonverbal communication, such as facial expressions and gestures.
10. A gesture which is acceptable in one culture can’t be tolerated in another because it can be different
from one culture to another.
III. Read the passage.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. Korea
2. could not speak
3. first
4. the (their) names
5. realised
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. The communication between Lee Yoo-Mi and Thuzar Aung was ok as they could communicate with
each other in English.
7. Lee Yoo-Mi felt uncomfortable when Thuzar her Lee because that was her family name.
8. The word ‘the latter’ refers to ‘Lee Yoo-Mi’.
9. Lee Yoo-Mi addressed Thuzar Aung as ‘Aung’and Thuzar Aung addressed Lee Yoo-Mi as ‘Lee’
each other initially.
10. The main problem about addressing each other between Lee Yoo-Mi and Thuzar Aung was not
knowing (realising) that each culture has its own naming system.

Question No. VI (10 marks) - Read the passage (Unseen)

I. Read the passage.
I. (A) (5 marks)
1. common
2. mindful
3. produce
4. generation
5. consumption
I. (B) (10 marks)
6. The aims of a zero-waste lifestyle are to reduce the amount of waste an individual creates daily and
send as little waste to landfills as possible.
7. An example of repurposing an old thing to reduce waste is that glass jars can be handy for storing
food or become lovely flower vases.
8. Recycling can help the environment by cutting down on our need to harvest resources, minimizing
greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing deforestation over time.
9. Adopting a zero-waste lifestyle can be challenging because we have to unlearn wasteful behaviours
while learning to practise mindful consumption.
10. Accept any relevant answer.
II. Read the passage.
(A) (5 marks)
1. smoothie
2. cereal
3. mental edge

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 4. exhausted
5. risk
(B) (10 marks)
6. If you skip breakfast, you will feel hungry, tired or exhausted by the middle of the morning.
7. Eating breakfast raises the level of glucose in your brain.
8. The people who do not have time for breakfast should drink some milk or juice.
9. Nutritious snacks are yoghurt, dry cereal, cheeses, or fruit according to the passage.
10. The main idea of the passage is the importance of breakfast.

Question No. VII (10 marks) – Dialogue and Exchange

Grade-12 (Unit 12: Intercultural Communication)
I. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
1. it's great
2. any famous places
3. in February
4. held in Sapparo
5. come to see
II. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
1. made of snow
2. What a great idea
3. No way
4. any Japanese specialties
5. That’s really wonderful
Unseen Exchange
I. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
1. Learn from it and improve.
2. Honesty is always the best policy.
3. Don't forget to take your umbrella.
4. The wind is so strong today.
5. Oh no, the electricity just went off.
II. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
1. Where do we start?
2. You broke your promise again.
3. This problem seems impossible to solve.
4. They've done so much for us.
5. Sometimes, work feels really challenging and overwhelming, doesn't it?

Question No. VIII (10 marks) – Letter Writing

ကတငက ကမတထ သငသည အဖငဝ က မ
1. The letter is written to you in emergency.
ဒစ က မင ဆ အ ရ တက ရ ပလကပ တယ။
2. With my great love, I’m writing a letter to you.
မတ မ စ ဖင င မင ဆက စ ရ လကပ တယ။
3. Why do you keep silent for ages?
က လက က ဘ က င အဆကအသယမလပသလ"။
4. Although we haven’t seen each other since last School Family Day, I always yearn to see you.
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 ပ ခ"တ" က င သ စ%ညပ" တ ကတည က တတ တ တစ ယ ကန"(တစ ယ က မဆ% ဖစက ပမယ င
မင က အမ"တမ တခ ငတ ပ ။
5. I’m writing a letter to you with my great rememberance.
သတရ ခင မ စ ဖင င မင ဆ စ တစ စ င ရ လကပ တယ။
6. I have much pleasure in accepting your kind invitation to me.
မင ရ" မတ ရ*ထ ဖတ ခမက လကခ%ရရ*ဖ င အ တ ပ" က နပအ ရမပ တယ။
7. We are delighted to hear your great news.
မင ရ"သတင က င တ က ရလ င တ ပ ရ.ငဝမ မ ကကပ တယ။
8. Thank you very much for your kind invitation for Saturday.
စ န န(လ ဖ မင ရ" မတ ရ*ထ ဖတ ခမအတက က ဇ1 အထ1 တငရ*ပ တယ။
9. Many thanks for your kind invitation to me.
မတ ရ*ထ ဖတ ခတ"အတက အမ က က ဇ1 တငပ တယ။
10. Thank you so much for your lovely present.
မင ရ"ခ စစရ လက ဆ င လ အတက က ဇ1 အမ က တငပ တယ။
11. Thank you so much for a delightful evening yesterday.
ပ ရ.ငစရ က င တ" မ န(က ည နခင အတက က ဇ1 အရမ တငပ တယ။
12. Please accept the little present I have enclosed for your sixteen.
မင အသက ဆယ ခ က*စ ပည မ န(အတက င ထပ ပ လကတ" လက ဆ င လ က လကခ%ပ န ။
13. What a pleasant surprise it was to receive your beautiful present!
မင ရ"လ*ပတ"လက ဆ င လ က လကခ%လကရလ တကယပ" အ%ဩသ တယ။
14. It makes me very sad to think I shall be leaving you all soon.
မက မမင တအ လ% န"( ခ"ခ ရမယဆတ က တ မတင င အ တ ဝမ နည မတယ။
15. As you say in your letter
မင စ ထ"မ* ပ တ"အတင
16. Are you in the pink of health?
မင န က င ရ" န ။
17. How time flies!
အခ န တကလည ကန မနလကတ ။
18. Our matriculation examination is getting near day after day. (day by day ဟလည သ% င)
င တရ" တကသလဝင စ မ ပ"ဟ တစ န(ပ တစ န( န လ ပ န ။
19. I always keep my fingers crossed for you to fit healthy.
မင က န မ ပ စလ င အမ"ပ" ဆ တ င ပ ပ တယ။
20. We haven’t seen each other for a year or so. (or so= လ က/ခန()
င တ တစ ယ ကန"(တစ ယ က မ တ ဖစကတ တစ*စ လ ကက ပ န ။
21. As you know, I always take cae of my health.
မင သတ"အတင င အမ"တမ က န မ ရ က ဂစကတယ။
22. I’m eternally grateful to you for remembering me, my likes and my date of birth.
င ရ" အကကရယ င  မ န(ရယက သတတရရ*တ"အတက င မင က ထ ဝရ က ဇ1 တငပ တယ။
23. I’m very sorry for being unable to attend my birthday party.
င  မ န(က မ ရ ကလ ငတ"အတက တ င တကယပ" စတမ က င ပ ဘ1 ။
24. I miss you so much as you are my dearest friend.
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 မင ဟ င ရ" အခ စဆ% သ1ငယခ င ဖစလ အရမ ပ" သတရမတယ။ (အရမ ပ"လမ ဆတမတယ)
25. As for me, I’m in the picture of health.
င က တ လ*လ ဝလပ ။
26. We are planning a trip to a village next Saturday.
န ကစ န န(မ* က ရ9 တစရ9 က ခရ ထကဖ င တစစထ တယ။
27. You are not going to believe this, but I am waiting to you from a hospital bed.
ဒ က မင ကယ%မ* မဟတ ပမယ င က တ ဆ %ကတင ပက န မင ဆက စ ရ လကတ ပ ။
28. I deeply believe that my letter will carry a lot of happiness to you.
င စ က မင ဆက စတခ မ မစရ တ အမ က ယ1လ မယလ အ လ အနကယ%ကညပ တယ။
29. I send my very best wishes and thoughts for today.
ဒ န(ထတင င  မတ ပသလကရ*ပ တယ။
30. You have no idea how grateful I am to you for lending me the K100,000 I asked for, the other day.
တ လ က င တ င လကတ" ငတစသန င က ခ လကတ"အတက ဘယ လ က တ င
င က ဇ1 တငတယဆတ မင မသဘ1 န ။
ကတငက ကမတထ သငသည အဆ သတ ဆ ပဆ တ င စ မ
1. All our love and best wishes.
တအ လ% မတ ထ ဆ ပလ က
2. My love and best wishes for the future,
အန ဂ တ တင မတ ထ စတန ရညလ က
3. With all best wishes for the future,
အန ဂ တတင စတန ရည ဆ ပလ က
4. With much love,
ခ စ ခင မ စ ဖင ( မတ ထ လ က)
5. With many thanks,
မ စ က ဇ1 တငလ က
6. With kind rememberances to you all,
မင တအ လ% က မတ ရ*ထ သတရလ က
7. With fondest love,
လကလ*" သ မတ ဖင
8. With kind wishes to you both,
မင တ*စ ယ ကစလ% က စတန ရည ဆ ပလ က
9. With every good wish,
စတ က င စတန က င ဖင
10. I send my very best wishes,
စတန ထ မတ မ ပသလကပ တယ။
11. I’ll write again soon. Much love,
မက မ င စ ထပ ရ > မယ။ မတ မ စ ဖင
12. Please give my kind rememberances to your parents,
မင မဘ တကလည င သတရ က င မတ ထ ပ ပပ န ။
13. Please write to me to say that you will come, I shall be waiting for you.
မင လ မယဆတ ပ ဖ င ဆစ ရ န ။ မင ဆက ပနစ က င စ င နမယ။

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
14. Thank you once more for your lovely gifts.
မင ရ"ခ စစရ လက ဆ င လ တအတက န ကတစကမ က ဇ1 တငစက ပ ပ ရ စ။
15. Thank you again for the timely help. You are a true friend.
မင အခ နမက1ညတ"အတက က ဇ1 တငစက ထပ ပ ပ ရ စ ။ မင ဟ မတ ဆစစပ ပ"။
16. Thank you very much for your valuable service to us.
င တအ ပ မင ရ"တနဖ ရ*လ*တ" လပ ဆ င ပ မအတက က ဇ1 အမ က တငပ တယ။
17. Thank you again for your lovely gifts and your good wishes.
ခ စစရ လက ဆ င လ *ငအတ1 မင ရ" စတန က င ထ မအတက က ဇ1 တငစက ပ ပ ရ စ။
18. Come whenever you can.
မင လ ငတ"အခ နမ ရ9 လ ပ န ။
19. Our love to you.
မင အ ပ င တ မတ ပသလ က
20. Kindest regards,
လ စ ခငမငလ က
21. May you be happy and healthy!
က န မ ပ ရ.ငပ စ။
22. May you fare pretty well in the examination!
စ မ ပ" က င က င ဖဆငပ စ။
23. I’m looking forward to your letter.
င မင ဆက စ က မ နမယ။
24. Drop me a line when you are free.
မင အ တ"အခ စ လ တစ စ င လ က ရ ပ န ။
25. Please write to me on what day and at what time you will come here.
ဒက မင ဘယ န( ဘယအခ နလ မယဆတ င ဆ စ ရ န ။
26. May you appreciate on the poem!
ဒကဗ လ က မင အရသ ခ%စ ငပ စ။
27. Please take care of your health, Mum and Dad!
ဖ ဖန"( မ မလည က န မ ရ ဂစက န ။
28. I want you to contact with me. I’ll pay a visit to you.
မင င န"( အဆကအသယလပ စခ ငတယ။ င မင ဆက လ လညပ > မယ။
29. On what day and at what time will you come to me?
မင င ဆက ဘယ န( ဘယအခ နမ* လ မ* လ"။
30. We are looking forward to seeing you soon.
မင ကမက မ အခ နမ* တရ တ မယလ င တ မ လငထ ကတယ။

Question No. IX (15 marks) – Essay Writing

Education should be free for everyone
Education is often referred to as the great equalizer, providing individuals with the knowledge, skills,
and opportunities they need to succeed in life. In an ideal world, everyone should have access to quality
education, regardless of their socio-economic background. This essay argues that education should be free
for everyone, as it is not only a fundamental right but also essential for societal progress. While some may
argue that providing free education is financially unsustainable, the benefits it offers in terms of social
equality and economic growth far outweigh the costs.
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 Education is a fundamental human right recognized by international conventions and declarations,
including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Denying access to education based on one's financial
means is a violation of this right. By making education free for everyone, we honor this principle and ensure
that every individual has an equal opportunity to develop their potential.
One of the most significant arguments in favor of free education is its potential to reduce socio-
economic disparities. When education is financially accessible, students from all backgrounds have the same
chances of succeeding, breaking the cycle of poverty and inequality. Free education levels the playing field,
providing marginalized communities with a lifeline to upward mobility and a better future.
In today's globalized and knowledge-based economy, a well-educated workforce is essential for a
nation's prosperity. Providing free education ensures that a country has a highly skilled and competitive
workforce, which, in turn, spurs innovation, increases productivity, and promotes economic growth. A
better-educated population attracts investments, as companies seek highly skilled individuals to fuel their
expansion.
One counterargument against free education is the concern about financial sustainability. Critics
argue that implementing free education policies would place an enormous burden on governments,
potentially leading to budget deficits and increased taxes. While it is true that funding free education is a
challenge, it is crucial to consider the long-term benefits, which include a more equitable society and
economic growth. Moreover, creative financing solutions and cost-effective educational models can help
mitigate these financial concerns.
In conclusion, education should be free for everyone, as it is a fundamental right that can
significantly reduce socio-economic disparities and promote economic growth. While the financial
sustainability of such policies is a valid concern, the long-term advantages of providing equal educational
opportunities far outweigh the costs. By investing in education, societies can foster equality, nurture a skilled
workforce, and ultimately achieve progress on both individual and societal levels. Free education is not just
a policy; it is a powerful tool for building a fairer, more prosperous world.
The effects of school bullying on children and teenagers
School bullying is a pervasive issue that has far-reaching consequences, particularly for children and
teenagers. The effects of bullying can have a profound impact on the physical, emotional, and psychological
well-being of young individuals, shaping their experiences throughout their formative years and beyond.
This essay will explore the multifaceted effects of school bullying on children and teenagers, shedding light
on the importance of addressing this problem to create safe and nurturing learning environments.
Firstly, school bullying can have detrimental effects on the mental and emotional health of children
and teenagers. Those who experience bullying may suffer from increased anxiety, depression, and low self-
esteem. They often grapple with feelings of isolation and fear, leading to a sense of hopelessness. The
constant fear of being targeted by their peers can hinder their ability to focus on their studies, making it
difficult to achieve academic success. In severe cases, some victims of bullying may resort to self-harm or
even contemplate suicide as a means of escaping the relentless torment.
Secondly, bullying can impact the social development of children and teenagers. Those who are
bullied may struggle to form healthy relationships with their peers, as they may be reluctant to trust others or
fear further rejection. The effects of bullying can lead to social withdrawal, making it challenging for them
to engage in extracurricular activities or develop a sense of belonging within the school community. This
isolation can exacerbate their feelings of loneliness and depression, creating a vicious cycle of social and
emotional difficulties.
Finally, the consequences of school bullying can extend into adulthood. Victims of bullying may
carry the scars of their experiences with them throughout their lives, affecting their self-esteem,
relationships, and overall well-being. Furthermore, individuals who have been bullies in their youth may
also face long-term repercussions, as their behavior patterns can persist into adulthood, impacting their
ability to form healthy relationships and interact with others in a respectful and empathetic manner.

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Supplementary Exercise
 The effects of school bullying on children and teenagers are profound and enduring. It is crucial for
educators, parents, and society as a whole to recognize the seriousness of this issue and take proactive steps
to prevent and address bullying in schools. By creating safe and inclusive learning environments, we can
help protect the well-being of our young generation and ensure that they grow into confident, resilient, and
socially adept adults who are free from the long-lasting consequences of school bullying. Education and
awareness are key tools in combating this problem, fostering a society in which all individuals can thrive
without the shadow of bullying looming over their lives.
Why students should need to read more
In the fast-paced digital age, where information is easily accessible at the click of a button, the habit
of reading seems to be on the decline among students. However, fostering a love for reading is crucial for
their overall development. Firstly, reading enhances cognitive abilities and critical thinking skills. As
students engage with various texts, they are exposed to diverse ideas and perspectives, which stimulates
their intellectual curiosity. Reading helps them to think analytically, draw connections between different
concepts, and make informed decisions. These cognitive skills are not only beneficial in academic pursuits
but are also essential for success in the real world, where the ability to analyze information and think
critically is highly valued.
Furthermore, reading plays a pivotal role in language acquisition and communication skills. The
more students read, the richer their vocabulary becomes. Exposure to different writing styles and genres
improves their language proficiency and communication abilities. This proficiency extends beyond the
written word, as avid readers tend to express themselves more eloquently and with greater clarity. Effective
communication is a fundamental skill in both academic and professional settings, and reading is a key factor
in its development. Students who read regularly are better equipped to articulate their thoughts, engage in
meaningful conversations, and excel in written and verbal communication tasks.
Lastly, reading promotes a lifelong love of learning and personal growth. When students develop a
reading habit, they open doors to a world of knowledge and self-discovery. Books expose them to different
cultures, historical events, and a multitude of ideas, fostering empathy and a broader worldview.
Additionally, reading serves as a form of escapism, allowing students to unwind and relax, reducing stress
and promoting mental well-being. Cultivating a habit of reading from a young age sets the stage for a
lifetime of continuous learning, personal development, and intellectual enrichment.
In conclusion, the benefits of reading for students are multifaceted. It not only enhances cognitive
abilities and communication skills but also fosters a love for learning and personal growth. Encouraging
students to read more is an investment in their future success, both academically and personally. Therefore,
it is imperative for educators, parents, and society as a whole to emphasize the importance of reading in the
lives of students.

Why students should have best friends

Friendship plays a crucial role in the life of students, offering support, companionship, and a sense of
belonging. Having a best friend during the academic journey can significantly enhance the overall student
experience. Firstly, best friends provide emotional support, helping students navigate the challenges of
school life. Whether it's dealing with academic stress, peer pressure, or personal issues, having a close friend
to confide in can make a world of difference. The shared experiences and understanding between best
friends create a safe space where students can express themselves freely without fear of judgment. This
emotional support not only contributes to a healthier mental state but also fosters resilience in the face of
academic and personal challenges.
Secondly, best friends serve as reliable companions, making the educational journey more enjoyable.
The shared laughter, inside jokes, and mutual interests can turn mundane school activities into memorable
experiences. From studying together for exams to participating in extracurricular activities, having a best
friend by one's side adds a layer of joy and motivation to the often demanding student life. The

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
companionship of a best friend can alleviate feelings of loneliness, creating a positive atmosphere that
enhances the overall quality of the student's academic and social life.
Lastly, having a best friend contributes to a sense of belonging and identity. Students go through
various phases of self-discovery, and having a close friend to share these experiences with can be immensely
rewarding. Best friends provide a mirror through which students can better understand themselves, their
strengths, and areas for growth. The support and validation from a best friend can boost self-esteem,
fostering a positive self-image that is crucial for navigating the complexities of adolescence and academic
challenges.
In conclusion, the importance of having best friends for students cannot be overstated. The emotional
support, companionship, and sense of belonging that come with a close friendship contribute significantly to
a student's overall well-being and academic success. As students navigate the ups and downs of their
educational journey, having a best friend can make the difference between merely surviving and thriving in
the formative years of their lives.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise