11 Family life education and community health

12 REVISION
13 EXAMINATION
HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT
1. Presentation on hockey sports. Note the following. i history and
facility of the game, ii demonstration of the game and
Roseville Secondary School Enugu equipment used, iii. Skills, iv. Rules of the game and the
A project of Ikota Educational Foundation. benefits.
First Term 2024/2025 ACADEMIC SESSION
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION PROJECT FOR JSS3
CLASS: JSS 3 ROSE JSS 3- (FOR AGRIC. SCIENCE, PHE AND BASIC SCIENCE)
PROJECT TEACHERS: (MRS. OHAGWA, MS CYNTHIA, MRS.
NAME: AGUJIOBI CHIDIOMIMI IYIDA AND MS CHIELO)
PROJECT TITLE: CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN SCIENCES
EXPECTATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE, PHE AND BASIC SCIENCE.
(INDIVIDUAL PROJECT)
1. COPY YOUR NOTE OR PRINT AND SPIRAL BIND EXPECTATION: make a detailed research and explain either in a
2. THREE GRADED ASSESSMENT OF 20 MARKS BEFORE CAT = 60% printed form or handwritten in your assignment book the different career
prospects and opportunities in Agriculture, PHE and basic science
3. CAT : 40% highlighting how each of these careers are of impact in our society today
4. NON-GRADED ASSESSMENT and what it takes for an individual to be successful and relevant in such
5. PROJECT TO BE SUBMITTED IN WEEK 6 ………….. career part.
You are also expected to defend this in class.
6. THREE GRADED ASSESSMENT OF 20 MARKS BEFORE EXAM= 60%
RATIONALE: This project will expose the JSS 3 students on the
7. EXAMINATION 40% different career opportunities in sciences and this will help them make
NAME OF TEACHERS: Mrs Ohagwa Ginika and Onuigbo Chidera Cynthia informed and excellent decisions when it comes to career choice in the
FOR ENQUIRY: onuigbochidera3@gmail.com future.
08069265090 and 09062327913 SDGs INTEGRATED: SDG 4 AND 8(QUALITY EDUCATION,
DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH).
FIRST TERM SCHEME OF WORK Deadline: Friday of week 6.(from 14th to 18th Oct)
WEEK TOPICS
1 Ball games- Hockey
2 Ball games continues
3 Combined events- pentathlon and decathlon
4 Nigeria sports heroes
5 CAT
6 MID TERM BREAK
7 Physical education, health education agencies and career
opportunities
8 Contact games- taekwondo
9 Contact games- Boxing
10 Gymnastics
Week ONE: HOCKEY 6. Flick: This involves a push that lifts the ball slightly off the ground
Lesson Objectives: during a pass. It is used for shooting when in the circle and for pass to a
By the end of this lesson the students should be able to; marked player.
1. Demonstrate the basic skills and techniques involved in playing hockey. 7. The Scoop: This skill is used to lift the ball over the opponent.
2. Apply the rules and regulations governing the game of hockey. 8. Stopping: Stopping the ball involves ending the movement of a passed
3. List the officials and their duties. ball. This may be done to a ball on the ground or a ball in flight slightly
4. Mention the values of the game raised.
SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN HOCKEY 9. Tackling: Tackling is the act of trying to dispossess an opponent of the
The skills in hockey include: ball legally without committing a foul.
 The holding the stick 10. Goalkeeping: Goalkeeping is the act of stopping a ball from getting
 The hit/hitting into the goal when hit from within the circle.
 The pass/passing 11. Corner: This is awarded to the attacking team when the defending
 The stop/stopping team commits a goal within 22.90m area.
 The scoop/scooping
 The tackle/tackling
 The dribble/dribbling RULES AND REGULATIONS
 Goalkeeping -When playing the ball, a player is not allowed to:
1. Holding the stick: There is need to hold the  Raise any part of the stick above the shoulder.
hockey stick properly in order to be able to perform  Use the rounded side of the stick.
the various skills. The heel of the stick should rest on  Hit the ball dangerously into a player at a close range.
the ground in front of the left arm, allow the top of  Stop the ball with any part of the body except the hand, only the
the handle to fall into the fingers of the left hand. goalkeeper within the striking circle can stop the ball with his legs.
Grip the stick easily. The grip with both hands should  Take part in the game without his stick
be easy and relaxed, not tense. This is one of the - With regard to the opponent, a player is not allowed to:
fundamental position for all strokes.  Push, charge, strove with, trip, or in any way handle the opponent.
 Strike, hold, hook, lift the opponent’s stick.
 Place his body between the ball and opponent
2. Hitting: Hitting is the act of striking the ball with the  Run in front of an opponent in order to break his stride.
face of the stick to propel it quickly over a relatively - Offside: A player should not be ahead of the ball as at the time the ball
long distance. is last touched by his team mate when there are at least three defenders
between him and the goal he is attacking.
- Penalties for fouls
a. Outside the circle: A free hit is awarded to the fouled team.
b. Inside the circle: By the attackers, a free hit is awarded in striking
3. Dribble: Dribbling is the action of manoeuvring or moving the ball circle. By the defenders, a short or penalty corner is awarded to the
while keeping it in close contact with the stick, to avoid or beat an attacking team.
opponent. -

Out of bound play

4. . Drive/Hit: This is a hard stroke for passing and shooting. The hands Over the side line: the ball will be rolled in by a player from the opposing
are always close together for this stroke. team that touches the ball last before it crossed the side line.
5. Push Pass: This involves the push stroke which propels the ball on the OFFICIALS OF HOCKEY
ground without raising it. It is effective for a short pass. A hockey match is officiated by two umpires, a recorder and a timekeeper.
Umpires combined events are decathlon, heptathlon, and pentathlon. Combined
a. Each umpire is responsible for decision in one half of the field for the events are classified into:
duration of the match.  Pentathlon
b. Each umpire is responsible for decision on free hits in the circle,  Decathlon
penalty corner, penalty strokes and goals in one half of the field. Pentathlon: This is an athletic event comprising five different events for
c. It is their duty to keep records of goal scored or awarded and warning each competitor. The name is derived from Greek Penta- “ Five” and
or suspension cards issued. Athlon- “contest”. The Modern Pentathlon is an Olympic sport that
d. Umpires are to make sure that the full time is played. comprises five different events:
VALUES OF HOCKEY GAME Fencing
Some of the values of the ball game hockey includes: 200m freestyle swimming
 It serves as a source of recreation Equestrian show jumping
 It’s a form of career for some sports men and women. Pistol shooting
 It’s a source of income. 3200m cross-country run.
 Its brings nations together A pentathlon is typically a one-day event, and it is performed in the order
 It encourages social interaction and team it is listed above. The sport has been a core sport of the Olympic Games
Evaluation since 1912 despite attempts to remove it. The governing body, Union
1. Mention three skill and technique in playing hockey Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM), administers the
2. How do you hold a hockey stick? international sport in more than 90 countries.
3. State two rules and regulation of hockey .
4. How many people officiate the game of hockey? Decathlon: This is an athletic event comprising ten different events for
5. What are the duties of an umpire? each competitor. The name is derived from Greek Deka- “ten” and
6. Mention two values/ importance of hockey. Athlon “contest”. The event was developed from the ancient pentathlon.
Performance are judged on points system in each event, not by the
position achieved. Decathlon was added to the 1912 Olympic Games in
Stockholm. In particular, decathlon comprising the following event:
1. 100-meter dash
2. Long jump
WEEK TWO: COMBINED EVENTS 3. Shot put
Lesson Objectives: 4. High jump
By the end of this lesson the students should be able to: 5. 400- meter dash
1. Group and describe combined events 6. 110- meter hurdles
2. Enumerate the various events under each group 7. Discus throw
3. Discuss the nature of the game 8. Pole vault
4. Enumerate the equipment and facilities 9. Javelin
5. Mention the officials of the game 10. 1500- meter run
6. State the rules and regulation of combined event The decathlon is held over two days, which is performed in the following
7. Point out the safety measures in the game order.
MEANING OF COMBINED EVENTS
Combined event are competitions in which athletes participate in several
track and field events, earning points for their performance in each event, First day
which adds to a total point score. It started during the ancient Olympic - 100 meters
games to test the all round athletic ability of the competitors. Common - Long jump
- Shot put
High jump  He has the right to disqualify any competitor that beats the gun twice.
400-meter dash The recall starter: He shall recall the competitors when there is a false
Second day start.
- 110-meter hurdles The marksman /assistant starter
- Discus throw  He shall assist the starter.
- Pole vault  He shall draw lanes for the competitors.
- Javelin throw  He shall make sure that the starting rules are followed
-1500 meter The lap recorders: They shall keep the record of laps covered by the
THE NATURE OF THE GAME AND SCORING OF THE competitors in races from 1500m upward.
GAME The announcer
To rank athletes in the order of their performance in each event, and  He shall read the names and numbers of the competitors taking part in
thereby obtain a winner correspondingly and without any misjudgement, each event to the public.
there is a need to put in place generally acceptable mode of scoring. The  He shall announce the result of each event.
combined event is scored using a scoring system that is based on different The umpires:
parameters that characterize group event, and distance for a field event.  They shall watch the competitors closely and report any violation of
Using the scoring system, the performance of each athlete is recorded and the rules to the referee.
converted to points. There is a mathematical formula for calculating the  They shall also help to supervise in the relay at the take over point.
point of each event using the parameters described above. The recorder
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES USED IN COMBNED  They shall keep official records of all the events for the organizers.
EVENTS  They shall also record the result of all the events.
The equipment and facilities used in combined events are: The time keepers
1. Starter hearing protector 9. discus  The shall take the time of the competitors.
2. Stop watch 10. javelin  They shall record them and hand-over to the chief time keeper for the
3. Track and field score sheet 11. track ratification of the referee.
4. Whistle 12. field ASSIGNMENT
5. Flag( white for valid throw, red for invalid throw) 1. Write at least three safety measures in combined events.
6. The baton 2. Enumerate the events in heptathlon.
7. Sport wear 3. State at least five rules and regulations of combined events (20mks to
8. The shot be submitted on 25th Sept)
OFFICIALS OF COMBINED EVENTS AND THEIR
DUTIES
The referee
 He presides over the sports meeting.
 He allocates duties to other officials.
 He ratifies and signs all results.
 He has the final say in all decision
The track judges: The chief track judge is the head. They shall decide
the order in which the competitors finish.
The field judges: The chief field judge is the head. They shall judge,
measure and record each valid trail of the competitors in all jumping and
throwing events.
The starter
 He shall start all races, using the whistle or gun.
WEEK THREE: NIGERIA SPORTS HEROES AND African woman to win Olympic gold medal medal in a field event.
PROFESSIONALS She won in Long jump in 1996 Olympic in Atlanta. She was an
Lesson Objectives: officer in the Nigeria Police Force.
By the end of this lesson the students should be able to;  Mary Onyali-Omagbemi: She won a bronze medal in 4x100m relay
1. Enumerate sports heroes in Nigeria. in the 1992 Olympic, 200m at the 1996 Olympics.
2. Discuss the contributions of sports heroes in national development.  Christian Chukwu Okoro: He was a good football player who
3. Mention the physical and health education professionals in Nigeria. captain Enugu Rangers and the Nigeria National team in the 1970s.
He was the first Nigeria captain to lift the African Nations cup in the
ACTIVITY 1980 tournament. After retiring as a player, he became a coach, a
career which started in Lebanon in 1990s.
 Stephen Okechukwu Keshi: He was a great football player in the
Nigerian team which he captained for the 1994 World Cup. He played
in five different African Nations Cup.
Professional in Physical and Health Education
 Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe: (1904-1996):
He formed the Zik Athletic Club (ZAC) which had seven sports- athletics,
boxing, cricket, cross- country, soccer, swimming and tennis- as its focus.
This club engineered the formation of Amateur Athletic Association of
Nigeria (AAAN) in 1944.
 Mr. Harding J. Ekperigin: He is fondly referred to as the “father”
1. Identify the people in the pictures. of physical education in Nigeria. He was the first Nigeria to receive a
2. Mention at least three ways they have contributed to the development diploma in Physical Education from Loughborough College in 1952.
of sports in Nigeria.  Mr. Isaac Akioye: He was the first Nigerian to hold a degree in
3. List any three professionals in Physical and Health Education. physical and health education.
4. Why is H.J Ekperigin called the father of physical Education in Nigeria?  Prof. John Ademola Adedeji: He was one of pioneers of physical
and health education in Nigeria. Prof. Adedeji was a member of the
SPORTS HEROES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS committee that wrote the physical education syllabus for junior and
 Emmanuel Ifeajuna: He won a gold medal in high jump was Senior Secondary School in Nigeria.
Nigeria’s first gold medal in an international competition. Evaluation:
 Yusuf Ali: He is a retired athlete who won gold medal in the 1990 1. Why do we call Mr. Harding J. Ekperigin the father of physical
Commonwealth games. education in Nigeria?
 Falilat Ogunkoya: She has won many national and international 2. List three professionals in physical and health education.
championship participating in 400m and 200m events. A silver medal 3. What is Chioma Ajunwa known for.
in 1995, a gold in 1999 and a bronze in 1996. She is presently running
4. What game is Mary Onyali-Omagbemi good in?
a foundation that is interested in raising middle distance runners in
Nigeria.
 Olapade Adenekan: He was very good in 100m and 200m distance
races. He won silver medal in 4x100m relay in the 1992 Olympic in
Barcelona, Spain.
 Chioma Ajunwa: She started her sports career with football and did
play in the Nigerian women team. Then she went into track and field
and became the first Nigerian to win an Olympic gold medal and first
  World Health Organization (WHO)
WEEK FOUR: PHYSICAL EDUCATION, HEALTH EDUCATION  Nigeria School Health Association (NSHA)
AND CAREER OPPORTUNITIES Read up other agencies promoting health education on page 37
Lesson Objectives:
 Name agencies promoting sports in Nigeria Career Opportunities in Physical and Health Education
 Enumerate agencies promoting health education in Nigeria Career opportunities in physical education include:
 Define career
 Teaching
 Mention the branches in physical education and health education
 Coaching sports/games
 Explain career opportunities in physical (human kinetics) education.
 Discuss career opportunities in health education.  Sports administration
 Ascertain how to choose a career  Physiotherapy
 Sports psychology
ACTIVITY  Sports management consultancy
1. Mention at least five sports federation in Nigeria you know. Careers or Job Positions in Health Education include:
2. Name four agencies/organization promoting health education in  Teacher
Nigeria and discuss the function of any of them.  Medical social worker
3. What do you understand as a career and career opportunities.  Community health worker
4. List four career opportunities each in physical and health education  Health service consultant
5. State the steps in choosing a career.  Health counsellor
SPORTS PROMOTING AGENCIES AND BODIES IN  Health information officer
NIGERIA Evaluation:
A sports federation is an international or national non governmental 1. Enumerate three sports promoting agencies in Nigeria.
organization of physical culture, physical education or sports. Sports 2. Which health agency is responsible for consumer’s safety in food
federation organizes and promotes the practice of its discipline(s), from and drugs?
leisure activities to high-level sports. It is the union sports 3. List three career opportunities in health education.
associations( governed by the law of 1901), 4. Which profession has physiotherapy as a career?
The following are some of the sports promoting bodies in Nigeria:
1. Athletics Federation of Nigeria. (AFN)
2. Nigeria Football Federation. (NFF)
3. Nigeria Basketball Federation. (NBBF)
4. Nigeria Tennis Federation. (NTF)
5. Nigeria Table Tennis Federation. (NTTF)
6. Nigeria Volleyball Federation. (NVBF)
Read up other sports promoting bodies on page 36

AGENCIES/ORGANISATION PROMOTING HEALTH

EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
 Ministry of Health ( Federal and State)
 National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control
(NAFDAC)
 National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA)
WEEK FIVE: TAEKWONDO iii. Stopwatch
Lesson Objectives: iv. Trunk protector
By the end of this lesson the students should be able to; v. Head protector
 Narrate the history and development of taekwondo vi. Groin guard etc.
 Explain taekwondo and basic skills Basic skills and techniques of taekwondo
 State the importance of taekwondo a) The stance: The correct way of positioning the body in readiness to
 Mention the rules and regulations of taekwondo launch or initiate attack. e.g cat, frog, ready and horse riding stance.
 Practice taekwondo skills b) The kicks
 Enumerate the officials in taekwondo c) The punches
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TAEKWONDO d) Dodging
Taekwondo (also known as Tae Kwon Do) is the art of self defense that e) Blocking
originated in Korea. It is recognized as one of the oldest forms of martial Officials in Taekwondo
arts in the world, reaching back over 2,000 years. The name was selected  The referee
for its appropriate description of the art: Tae (foot), Kwon (hand), Do  Judges
(art). Modern taekwondo was founded by a Korean army officer named  Time keeper
General Choi Hong Hi who introduced it to his country’s army in 1966.  Stewards
In 1973, Korea hosted the first Taekwondo World Championships. In that  Paramedical staff
same year, the World Taekwondo Federation was established as the
international governing body for the sport aspects of Taekwondo. Evaluation:
Taekwondo first gained acceptance as an Olympic sport when it appeared 1. Which year did modern taekwondo start?
as a demonstration event in the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. Taekwondo 2. When was WTF founded?
became a full medal sport competition beginning in 2000 at the Sydney 3. Name the person that introduced taekwondo to Nigeria
Olympics. 4. Enumerate four basic skills of taekwondo.
5. Describe stance in taekwondo.
HISTORY OF TAEKWONDO IN NIGERIA 6. Mention the equipment of taekwondo
Taekwondo was introduced to Nigeria by a taekwondo expert called 7. How many officials can you see from the video?
Aikpa Aime in 1975. The Taekwondo Association of Nigeria, which is
now known as Taekwondo Federation of Nigeria (TFN) was formed in
1986.
For more information read page 67 of your textbook

IMPORTANCE OF TAEKWONDO
 Taekwondo helps to build strength and stamina.
 It helps in the training of the armed forces personnel.
 It assist in the physical development of an individual.
For more importance read page 68

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

i. Taekwondo arena(10 square meter i.e. 10m by 10m
ii. Shin guard
WEEK SIX: BOXING RULES OF BOXING
Lesson Objectives:  No boxer is allowed to be with any dangerous object.
By the end of this lesson the students should be able to;  There should be no hitting below the belt.
 Narrate the history and development of boxing  Dragging and pushing of an opponent is not allowed.
 Describe the skills of boxing  Kicking in boxing is not allowed.
 Mention the safety rules of boxing  The referee’s command should be strictly obeyed.
 Enumerate the officials of the game and their duties ASSIGNMENT
 Practices boxing skills 1. Which year did modern boxing start?
HISTORY OF BOXING 2. Who was the first Nigerian to win a boxing competition?
Boxing is one of the most popular combat sports in the world today. 3. Mention four skills in boxing.
Modern boxing began in 1866. The highest governing body for boxing in 4. Enumerate four basic skills of boxing.
the world was founded and called World Boxing Council (W.B.C) in 5. Describe stance in boxing.
1963.The World Boxing Organization was formed in 1988. A form of 6. State two safety rules of boxing. (20mks, to be submitted on 25th
traditional boxing in Nigeria is called Dambe. Modern boxing became Oct)
popular in 1950.
WEEK SEVEN: GYMNASTICS
Lesson Objectives:
By the end of this lesson the students should be able to;
 Trace the history of Gymnastic.
 Define the concepts of apparatus activities.
 Enumerate various gymnastics apparatus and apparatus activities.
IMPORTANCE OF BOXING  Describe vaulting and list various vaulting activities.
 It improves cardiovascular health.  Explain the term spotter.
 State safety precautions in apparatus activities.
 It gives a better stamina and endurance.
 It decreases stress.
MEANING OF GYMNASTICS
 It improves coordination, balance and stability. Gymnastics is a sport that includes physical exercises requiring balance,
 It improves strength and power strength, flexibility, agility, coordination and endurance. The movement
BOXING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT involved in gymnastics contribute to the development of the arms, legs,
 A square ring shoulders, back, chest and abdominal muscle group.
 Boxing head guard
 Punching bag HISTORY OF GYMNASTICS
 Boxing gloves Ancient gymnastics which symbolizes naked art, originated in ancient
 Mouthpiece Greece. Gymnastics was practised in the palestras (wrestling schools)
 Shorts or boxing pant etc. which was built in honour of deities.
SKILLS IN BOXING Modern gymnastics originated from Germany. Johann Basedow (1723-
1. The stance 6. Straight knuckle 1790) was the first to organize and teach gymnastics which was
2. Foot work 7. Dodging introduced into the school curriculum. Johann Guts Muths is the
3. Guarding 8. Blocking grandfather of gymnastics while Fredrick Ludwig Jahn is regarded as the
4. Uppercut 9. Jabbing father of gymnastics. Gymnastics became an Olympic game in 1936. The
5. Undercut 10. Ducking world body is the Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG).
 Gymnastic was brought to Nigeria by the missionaries alongside western 6. State the safety precautions in apparatus activities.
education. The Gymnastics Association of Nigeria now Gymnastics
Federation of Nigeria (GFN) was formed in 1975 as the controlling body
of gymnastics.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS IN GYMNASTICS WEEK EIGHT: FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION AND
Since gymnastics is an indoor sports, the main facility is the gymnastics COMMUNITY HEALTH
hall (gymnasium) with wooden floors, changing rooms, showers and Lesson Objectives:
toilets, adequate lighting and adequate ventilation. By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
Write the equipment of Gymnastics. PAGE 51 1. Explain the meaning of families
FLOOR ACTIVITIES 2. Discuss the duties of each member of the family
Floor activities (stunts) are the activities performed on the mat, foam or 3. Distinguish between puberty in boys and girls
floor. They are classified into stunt, tumbling and balance activities. 4. Point out the consequences of teenage pregnancy
Tumbling is the activities involving springing, rolling, twisting and 5. Demonstrate assertiveness and communication skill.
turning of the body. Examples of floor activities include: Forward roll,
Handstand, Cartwheel, Handspring, Headstand. They are all performed FAMILY
without apparatus. The family can be described as the smallest unit of the society in which
APPARATUS ACTIVITIES most fundamental primary relationship takes place. It is usually made up
This is a kind of gymnastics done with an apparatus like vault table or of two adults of the opposite sex (man and woman) and their children. It
balance beam. Apparatus activities can be classified into the following is a group of people related by blood, marriage or by law.
groups: Types of families
1. Horizontal ladder activities e.g. chin-up, skin-the cat, swinging, pull Nuclear family: this type of family is usually made up of father, mother
ups. and their children living together. It is common among urban dwellers in
2. Parallel bars activities e.g. Balancing, swinging, vaulting. many societies.
3. Balance beams activities e.g. mounting, walking, pivoting, rolling, Extended family: this is made of the nuclear family and their relations
balance and wheeling stunts. like brothers, cousins, uncles etc. usually practised among rural families
4. Gymnastics box actions and the oldest family member is often the head of the extended family.
5. Vaulting buck activities Duties of members of the family. Page 35 of your text.

OFFICIALS IN GYMNASTICS
 The referee Puberty in boys and girls
 The judges puberty is that period of physical development during which a person
 The scorer changes from a child to an adult who biologically is capable of having
 The match chairman children. Girls enter puberty earlier than boys. While girls puberty begins
 The announcer around ages 11-14 years, boys puberty begins around ages 13-16.
 The timekeeper Physical changes in boys during puberty includes:
 First aiders 1. Development of muscles
Evaluation: 2. Development of broad chest and shoulders
1. Who is the father of gymnastics and why? 3. Growth of pubic hair, armpit hair, and hair on the face and legs
2. Explain the concept of apparatus activities. 4. Development of deep voice
3. Mention the various gymnastic apparatus and activities. 5. Enlargement of the penis and testicles
4. Describe the various vaulting activities 6. Development of strong bones
5. Who is a spotter and what is their duty? 7. Constant erection and wet dreams.
Physical changes in girls includes:
1. Development of round hips
2. Growth and development of the breasts.
3. Growth of hair in the armpit and pubic regions JSS 3 SECOND TERM NOTES ON PHYSICAL
4. Beginning of the monthly menstrual period. AND HEALTH EDUCATION

Teenage pregnancy and consequences SECOND TERM SCHEME OF WORK

Teenage pregnancy occurs when a teenager gets pregnant usually WEEK TOPICS
between the ages of 13 and 17. pre-marital sex is the major cause of 1 Ageing and Death Education
teenage pregnancy and this is strongly disapproved for religious and 2 Drug, use and Abuse
medical reasons. Hence it must be discouraged as much as possible. 3 Pathogens, Diseases and their preventions-
Communicable diseases
Consequences of teenage pregnancy 4 Non- Communicable Diseases
The consequences of teenage pregnancy includes: 5 Family Health
 Possibility of contracting sexually transmitted disease. 6 Family health contd.
 Unwanted child 7 High jump, long jump and triple jump
 Social and emotional stress of being a juvenile mother. 8 Revision
 Emotional guilt of making a child out of wedlock. 9 Revision
 Possibility of having vesico vaginal fistula (VVF).
Week One: Ageing and Death Education
ASSERTIVENESS AND COMMUNICATION SKILL Lesson Objectives:
In families one or more people must serve in leadership roles and By the end of this lesson the students should be able to
freedom of communication or openness among family members can lead 1. Describe ageing
to self assertiveness and communication skill to say yes or no at the right 2. List life enhancing measures for and against ageing
time outside of the family environment. Family members express warmth, 3. Explain death
tenderness and humour. They also express negative feelings. In general 4. State steps to support a dying person
family members interact with one another and approach life from a ACTIVITY
positive view point.
Assertiveness simply means one saying his or her view without hurting
the next person. We all need praise and encouragement to build up
assertive communication and refusal skills right from home.
Ways of building assertive skill includes
 Open communication in the family
 Say no to pressure from friends and family.
 Think before voicing your words
 What process do you think is going on in the picture?
 Learn to praise and encourage people.
 Identify the different changes you can see in the picture.
 Always see situations from a positive view point.
 Suggest how one can slow down this process.
ASSIGNMENT
MEANING OF AGEING
State all the duties of the members of the family. In your note. (Non-
Ageing is a process of growing old. Ageing is a natural phenomenon and
graded assignment)
a basic characteristic of all living thing. It involves irreversible biological
changes that occurring in all living things. These changes occur with the
passage of time, eventually resulting to death.
 Evaluation:
1. Define ageing.
2. Mention four changes you see in an aged person.
3. What can you propose to someone undergoing ageing processes?
4. How can you give your support to a dying person?
5. Explain what you understand as death.
PHYSICAL CHANGES AS A RESULT OF AGEING
 The skin loses its elasticity and begins to wrinkle. 6. List the causes of death.
 The hair turns gray.
 The body’s immune system becomes less efficient.
 The bones gradually lose calcium, becoming more brittle. WEEK TWO: DRUGS AND DRUG ABUSE
 Hearing and vision problems may develop. Lesson Objectives:
 Kidney functioning slows down. By the end of this lesson the students should be able to
LIFE ENHANCING MEASURES  Differentiate between drug use, misuse and abuse.
Although all of the physical characteristics of ageing are inevitable, they  Point out reasons for drug use, misuse and abuse.
vary in individuals and are directly related to a person’s overall life-style.  Discuss the health consequences of drug use, misuse and abuse.
Some measures against ageing include:  Suggest ways drug abuse can be prevented among young people.
 Good medical care.
 Good feeding habit. QUICK TEST
 Exercise regularly. Use the picture below to answer the following questions.
 Rest and sleep well i. Mention and explain the substance in the picture.
 Be happy always ii. Enumerate four major ways of taking the substance in the picture.
 Avoid thinking about unfavourable past experiences iii. List three reasons why person take the substance.
iv. Outline the 2 health and 2 social consequences of the improper use of
DEATH CONCEPT the substance.
Death is described as cessation of live. This occurs when there is v. When can you say that someone is abusing the substance in the
cessation in the flow of body fluids; as well as cessation of the heartbeat, picture.
respiration, movement, reflexes, capacity for consciousness and brain vi. Write three of these substance that are commonly abused by youths .
activity.
Dying is the transition from life and it involves different processes, rate
and stages. Organs of the body die at different rate. E.g. after the
cessation of breathing, the brain may survive for not more than 5minutes,
the heart 15minutes and the kidney 30 minutes. Somatic death is the
death of the organism as a whole.

CAUSES OF DEATH
 Accidents
 Sudden and serious disease condition, heart failure etc. MEANING OF DRUGS
 Chronic and serious conditions and diseases e.g. HIV/AIDS, cancer A drug is any substances, other than food that when taken into the body,
etc. alters the structure or function of the body in some way.
 War, crises and all forms of violence. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
1. Drugs that fight against diseases e.g. penicillin.
2. Drugs that prevent diseases e.g. vaccines
3. Drugs that affect the heart and blood vessels.
4. Drugs that affect the nervous system e.g. hallucinogens, tranquillizers,
stimulant etc. WEEK THREE: Pathogens, Diseases and their Prevention-
DRUG USE AND ABUSE Communicable diseases
Drug use is the taking of medication for an intended purpose, in an Lesson Objectives:
appropriate amount, frequency, strength and proper manner. By the end of this lesson the students should be able to;
Drug misuse is the practice of using drugs for pleasure rather than for  Explain the nature of communicable diseases.
medical reasons.  Describe the mode of transmission of communicable diseases.
Drug abuse is the use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-  List diseases vectors and causative agents.
the-counter drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant  Explain the various preventive and management measures.
to be used, or in excessive amounts.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Substance commonly abused are: Communicable diseases are diseases that are easily transmitted from one person
 Alcohol e.g. wine, beer, spirit other fermented drinks. to another. Some communicable diseases are tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, measles,
 Tobacco e.g. cigarette, cigar, snuff. malaria, mumps etc.
 Inhalants e.g. cocaine, heroine. 1. Measles: This is a contagious disease caused by a virus which is acquired from
Factors that lead to drug abuse include: a polluted atmosphere. The virus is present in the saliva and nasal discharge of the
 Peer group influence infected child and gets suspended in the atmosphere when such child sneezes.
 Frustration/depression SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ PREVENTION
 Stage fright  High body temperature.
 Long use of a particular drugs  Fever
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DRUG ABUSE  Loss of appetite and weight
i. Public enlightenment on dangers of self medication and the right  Skin rashes
places to buy drugs. Prevention of measles is by:
ii. Adhering by medical prescription when taking drugs.  Avoiding contact with an infected person.
iii. Buying and selling of drugs on medical prescription.  Maintaining personal hygiene
iv. Keeping medicine out of the reach of children.  Isolating the patient etc.
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG MISUSE
AND ABUSE 2. Malaria: This is also called plasmodiasis and is caused by a protozoan called
 Damage of organs- brain, kidney liver etc. plasmodium. Plasmodium is injected into the body of human beings through the
 Criminal tendencies. bite of the female anopheles mosquito. This is transferred from one person to
 Development of high blood pressure. another when the mosquito bites an infected person and goes on to bite another.
 Lying and stealing to buy drugs.
 Physical disability or death. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Evaluation:  Fever
1. What is the difference between drug use, misuse and abuse?  Chills
2. Mention the reasons for drug use and misuse.  General feeling of discomfort
3. Describe the consequences of drug use and abuse.  Headache etc.
4. Explain ways we can prevent drug abuse from young people. Prevention Of malaria
 Eradication of mosquitoes
 Use of mosquito nets
 Environmental cleanliness  Avoid physical contact with patient.Use antiseptics to wash the hair
regularly.
3. Mumps: This is caused by a virus. It is a droplet infection that causes  Avoid scratching.
neck and cheeks to swell due to the inflammation of parotid glands at the
junction of the neck and lower jaw. 5. Pneumonia: This is an infectious diseases that affects the lungs and
creates pain in the chest. It is caused by the bacteria, Klebsilla
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/PREVENTION pneumoniae.
 Fever SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Swelling behind the angle of the lower jaw.  Severe pain in the chest.
 Pain around the cheeks and throat.  Enlargement of the lower side of the chest region.
 Difficulty in opening the mouth.  Serious shivering
Prevention include:  Loss of appetite and weight.
1. Isolate the patient. Prevention of Pneumonia;
2. Avoid contact with patient  Maintain personal hygiene.
3. There should be no sharing of personal items.  Avoid unnecessary exposure of the body to excessive cold.
4. Vaccination and immunization.  Isolate the patient.
 Avoid sharing personal objects.
4. Poliomyelitis: This is a disease that affects children during infancy. It  Undergo routine medical check-ups.
is caused by the picoma virus. It paralyses children. The housefly is the
vector of the virus. It is spread by direct contact or droplets. 6. Gonorrhoea: This is an infectious disease which is transmitted
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS through sexual intercourse. It is caused by a bacterium called Gonococcus,
 Severe headache. which invades the reproductive tract and genital organs, leading to
 Serious neck, back and limbs pains. inflammation and discharge of pus or blood.
 Serious sore throat. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Paralysis of the limbs.  Low abdominal pain.
 Painful urination.
Prevention and control  Vaginal discharge.
 Avoid contamination of food by houseflies.  Inflammation of the genital organ.
 Ensure a clean environment.  Pus discharge from the male genital organ or bleeding.
 Ensure that infants benefit from vaccination and Prevention and control
immunization.  Maintain personal hygiene.
 Maintain personal hygiene.  Avoid sharing personal objects like towels, pants and handkerchiefs.
 Do not use dirty toilet seats.
4. RINGWORM (Tinea): Ringworm is a skin disease caused by a fungus called  Wash your hands with soap before and after touching your private
Tinea captis. It is spread through physical contact. part.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS  Totally abstain from sexual intercourse.
 White patches on the scalp.
 Fall off of hair. EVALUATION
 Serious itching. 1. What are the causes of communicable diseases?
 Reddening spores on the skin 2. What are the modes of transmission of communicable diseases?
Prevention and control 3. What are the factors and causative agents of this diseases?
 Maintain personal hygiene. 4. Explain ways we can prevent and manage the diseases
WEEK FOUR: PATHOGENS DISEASES AND PREVENTION-  Eat balanced diet
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES  Avoid excessive loss of blood.
Lesson Objectives:  Take fruits and vegetables regularly and have enough rest and sleep.
 Explain the nature of non- communicable diseases
 State how to prevent non- communicable diseases OTITIS MEDIA
Otitis media: this is an inflammation of the middle ear caused by
NATURE OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES congestion and obstruction of the air passage called the auditory tube.
Non-communicable diseases are the illness that can not be contracted or It can be prevented by staying away from noise pollution, avoid dipping
transferred from one person to another. Non-communicable diseases can hard objects into the ears.
be prevented by eating a balanced diet, cleanliness, good health habit and
routine medical check-ups and also adopting crucial medical advice. KWASHIOKOR
EXAMPLES OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Kwashiokor is a diseases that affects children due to lack of adequate
Sickle cell marasmus otitis media proteins in their diet. It is common among the children of the poor. Such
Obesity anaemia children have protruding bellies, tiny limbs and flat buttocks.
kwashiorkor dental caries Prevention
Boil rickets  Eat balanced diets regularly
 Perform exercise regularly
SICKLE CELL DISEASE  Drink adequate portable water
This occurs when a child has inherited two abnormal haemoglobin (SS)  Routine medical check-ups.
from the parents. BOILS
Nature of sickle cell: a child with sickle cell experiences severe attack Boils: this is the inflammation of the parts of the body with noodles
called crisis. the child’s blood vessels are blocked be the sickle-shaped which causes excessive discomfort and burning sensation. Boils are
haemoglobin. The liver and spleen become large and the bones and joints caused by the action of the body’s immune system against the pathogens
are weak. The limbs are also tiny and weak. that invade the blood cells. It is also caused by staphylococcus bacteria.
Prevention: 1. there should be blood test for couple before marriage Prevention
2. Couples with SS should not be joined as husband and wife  Personal hygiene practices
3. Only persons with AA haemoglobin should marry SS.  Avoid sharing personal belongings
 Routine medical check-ups
OBESITY MARASMUS
Obesity is an excessive increase in body size as a result of too much This is a diseases condition caused by starvation and inadequate nutrients
intake of food and drinks. This can lead to over weight which puts in the body. It is similar to kwashiorkor. It is a deficiency of overall food
pressure on the hips, knees, joints and cartilages. The effects is usually intake including calories and proteins.it is a diseases of the poor and
serious pain at the waist, and abnormal rise in blood pressure. common in war-like areas.it can be prevented by eating balanced diet and
PREVENTION OF OBESITY ensuring that children are fed properly.
 Good eating habit and drinking ASSIGNMENT
 Regular exercise Write on dental caries and rickets. Causes and prevention.
 Eating more of fruits and vegetables
 Routine medical check-ups
ANAEMIA
Anaemia: anaemia is the serious reduction in the total mass of circulating
red blood cells, usually accompanied with a reduction in haemoglobin. It
can be caused by deficiency in iron and vitamin intake.
Prevention
 WEEK FIVE: FAMILY HEALTH THE LIFE CYCLE OF A HOUSEFLY
Lesson Objectives: The housefly (Musca domestica) is the most common fly species found in
By the end of this lesson the students should be able to; houses. The housefly can transmit the pathogens that cause shigellosis,
 Discuss disease vectors such as mosquitoes and housefly typhoid fever, E. coli, and cholera. The life cycle of a house fly begins in
 Describe ways of controlling them the egg stage. A female house fly is capable of laying up to 150 eggs in a
 Draw the life cycle of mosquito batch. Female house flies savour damp, dark surfaces such as compost,
 Discuss the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS and STIs manure and other decomposing
organic material for egg laying.
MEANING OF DISEASE VECTORS House fly eggs resemble individual
Disease vectors are animals which transmit disease causing organisms grains of rice.
(pathogens) from an infected person to uninfected person without being Within a day, house fly eggs hatch
infected. They assist in carrying micro organism or microbes. They are into larvae, also known as
mainly insects, mollusc and some mammals. Examples of vectors are: maggots. Maggots are legless,
mosquito, cockroach, housefly, tsetsefly, dogs and cats, rat, black flies. white insects that feed from the
egg-laying site for three to five
MOSQUITOES days. Fly pupae are similar in
Mosquitoes cause more death than any other disease vectors. Over 3 function to butterfly cocoons: their hard, brown shells protect the inactive,
billion people are at risk from mosquito- borne diseases such as malaria, developing flies. Over the course of three to six days but may take up to
dengue fever, yellow fever and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis). 10-20 days depending on the temperature of the area, the pupae develop
Mosquitoes are some of the most adaptable and successful insects on legs and wings, ultimately emerging as full-grown house flies. Within
earth and are found in some extraordinary places. Virtually any natural or two to three days, female house flies are capable of reproduction.
man-made collection of
water can support mosquito production.
WAYS OF CONTROLLING HOUSEFLY AND
THE LFE CYCLE OF A MOSQUITO MOSQUITOES
The female mosquito lays her eggs either individually or in attached The best method is to properly dispose of any organic matter, such as
groups called rafts. Once the egg hatches, the larval stage begins. The vegetable or other food by-products, where houseflies might lay eggs.
larvae of most mosquito species Place these materials in garbage bags and tie the bags securely. Remove
hang suspended from the water all food residues and clean your garbage cans weekly. When necessary,
surface because they need air to insecticides can help suppress housefly populations.
breath and feed. The larval stage Evaluation:
ranges from 4 to 14 days. In the 1. Enumerate the types of diseases we have and state their mode of
pupal stage, no feeding occurs, transmission
however, the pupa must still breathe 2. Apart from mosquitoes, state other diseases causing vectors you
air at the water’s surface and is know.
sensitive to light, shadow and other 3. How can we control diseases vectors?
disturbance. The pupal stage lasts
4. How many stages are in the life cycle of a mosquito and describe it.
from one and half to four days. The
male adult mosquito will usually emerge first and will linger near the
breeding site, waiting for the females. Females with an adequate food
supply can live up to 5 months or longer, with the average female life
span being about 6 weeks.
 WEEK SIX: FAMILY HEALTH The major symptoms are: persistent stooling, persistent tuberculosis
Lesson Objectives: (coughing and d vomiting blood), dysentery, diarrhoea, persistent
By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: feverish condition, severe loss of weight, total loss of strength, sores all
 Define HIV/AIDS and STIs over the body, dehydration, very low pack cell volume (PCV), low blood
 Mention the examples of STIs count.
 Discuss the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS and STIs MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF HIV/AIDS
 Explain the consequences of contracting infections and diseases Some of the modes of transmission of HIV/AIDS are:
 List ways of preventing infections and diseases.  Blood transfusion
ACTIVITY  Use of contaminated objects
What are the differences between HIV and AIDS  Sexual intercourse
Group Activity Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS
 What are the facts you have heard about HIV/AIDS?  Avoid unhealthy sexual behaviours
 What is the full meaning of STI and how do you think people get it?  Do screening to know your status
 Do you think HIV/AIDS and STIs can be cured? Why?  Avoid sharing instruments and personal belongings
STIs: this is an acronym for sexually transmitted infections. examples of  Blood should be properly screened before transfusion
STIs includes:
Gonorrhea, staphylococcus, HIV/AIDS, syphilis, candidiasis etc. ASSINGMENT
HIV/AIDS: This virus was discovered in the united states of America in Study and write the other preventive measures against HIV/AIDS and
1983 but a counter report has it to have been discovered among apes in other STIs.
1982 in Kenya. Write the health and social consequences of STIs and HIV/AIDS in your
HIV means human immune deficiency virus. It is the causative organism note. Page 87-88 of your text.
of AIDS. It is transmitted from an infected person to another through
blood or fluid contact. The virus multiplies into millions which begins to
attack the body immune system, hence giving way for other forms of WEEK SEVEN: High Jump, Long Jump and Triple Jump
diseases to attack the body. Lesson Objectives:
AIDS: This means acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It is a chronic By the end of the lesson the students should be able to
disease caused by a virus that stops the body from defending itself against  Meaning of High jump and Long jump
infection. AIDS has three stages namely:  Highlight the history High jump and Long jump
Primary stage (window stage), secondary stage and tertiary stage.  Highlight how the games are played
Look out for what happens at each stage in page 87 of your text.  Highlight the Equipment and the Facilities used in High jump and
Activity: stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 signs. Long jump and the skills
 Outline jumping styles and rules used in the sports
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF AIDS  Outline famous High and Long Jump athletes
Minor signs and symptoms are:  Outline the benefits of the sports and how it contributes to our
 Loss of appetite knowledge of PHE
 Dry cough  History of triple jump
 Chest pain  Nature of the game
 Headache  Equipment and facilities
 Skin rashes, itching, dry lips and joint pain  Basic skills, officials of the game and the rules and regulations of
triple jump
Meaning of High Jump HISTORY OF LONG JUMP
The High jump is a track and field event in which competitors must jump The origins of the long jump can be traced to the Olympics in Ancient
unaided over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without Greece, when athletes carried weights in each hand. These were swung
dislodging it. forward on take-off and released in the middle of the jump in a bid to
increase momentum.
The long jump, as we know it today, has been part of the Olympics since
the first Games in 1896. The men’s event has seen some long-standing
world records by US jumpers.
Game of play for High Jump
 Competitors in the high jump take off (unaided) from one foot over a
four-meter long horizontal bar. They seek to clear the greatest height
without knocking the bar to the ground. Athletes land on a crash mat.
 All competitors have three attempts per height, although they can
Meaning of Long Jump elect to ‘pass’, i.e. advance to a greater height despite not having
The Long jump is a track and field event in which athletes combine cleared the current one. Three consecutive failures at the same height,
speed, strength and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a or combination of heights, leads to elimination.
take-off point.  High Jump is also referred to as vertical jump.
Game of play for Long Jump
 Competitors sprint along a runway and jump as far as possible into a
sandpit from a wooden take-off board. The distance travelled, from
the edge of the board to the closest indentation in the sand to it, is
then measured.
 A foul is committed – and the jump is not measured – if an athlete
steps beyond the board.
 Known as one of track and field’s two horizontal jump.

Equipment and facilities used in High Jump

HISTORY OF HIGH JUMP EQUIPMENT FACILITIES
High jump contests were popular in Scotland in the early 19th century, High Jump Crossbars Landing System
and the event was incorporated into the first modern Olympics Games in High Jump Pits & Shelters Platform
1896 for men. Women made their Olympic high jump debut in 1928. High Jump Standards High Jump Standards
Of the field events, the high jump has perhaps undergone the most radical Replacement Spikes Water Drainage Domes
changes of technique. The Eastern Cut-off, Western Roll and Straddle are Misc. High Jump Equipment Sheds
methods that have been previously used by the world’s elite. However,
the Fosbury Flop, which involves going over with the jumper's back to Equipment and Facilities used in Long Jump
the bar, popularized by the 1968 Olympic champion Dick Fosbury, is
now almost exclusively the technique adopted by all the top high Equipment Facilities
jumpers. Measuring Wheels A Runway
The Magic Measuring Stick A Take-off Board
Tape Measures A Landing Area. Jumping styles used in High Jump
There Are Three Types Of High Jump Styles:
Distance Markers  The Fosbury Flop
Take-off Markers  The Western Roll Or Side Roll
Skills involved in High Jump  The Straddle Style.
a. The Run-up Jumping styles used in Long Jump
b. The take-off Long Jumpers Primarily Use Three Techniques:
c. The flight  The sail
d. The landing  The Hang
e. The recovery  The Hitch-kick

Rules and regulations guiding the game of High Jump

Once a jumper is near the upright, they airlift vertically using one foot
during the take off. The objective is to clear the crossbar placed at a
Skills involved in Long Jump certain height from the ground and land on the crash mat. If the athlete
i. The Approach manages to land on the crash mat without dislodging the crossbar, the
ii. The Last Two Strides jump is considered legal.
iii. The Take-off Rules and regulations guiding the game of Long Jump
iv. The Action In The Air  The height of the bar will start where all competitors are capable of
v. The Landing jumping. The height the bar is raised between each round will also be
geared to the ability of the competitors. The competitors shall be
informed of this before the competition begins.
 Competitors have a maximum of seven jumps.
 Competitors may commence jumping at any of the heights above the
minimum height and may jump at their discretion at any subsequent
height.
 Elimination will be after 3 consecutive failures (although they do not
have to be at the same height).
 Ties for first place only shall be decided by counting back. In the
event of a tie the winner will be (reference the IAAF Handbook)
 The athlete with lowest number of jumps at that height.

Famous High Jump Athletes

Rank(men) Mark competitor DOB NAT POS Venue
1 2.45 Javier 13 CUB 1 Salamanca (ESP)
 SOTOMAYOR OCT 1962 1988
1967
2 2.43 Mutaz Essa 24 QAT 1 Boudewijnstadion, 2. 7.49 +1.3 Jackie 03 USA 1 22 1327
BARSHIM JUN Bruxelles JOYNER‑KERSEE MAR MAY
1991 1962 1994
3 2.42 Patrik 05 SWE 1 Stockholm (SWE)
3. 7.48 +1.2 Heike 16 GDR 1 9 1324
SJÖBERG JAN
DRECHSLER DEC JUL
1965
1964 1988
Famous High Jump Athletes
Place(women) competitor DOB NAT Score Event
list TRIPLE JUMP
1 Yaroslava 19 SEP UKR 1475 High
MAHUCHIKH 2001 jump
The triple jump, sometimes referred to as
2 Eleanor PATTERSON 22 AUS 1403 High the hop, step and jump or the hop, skip and
MAY jump jump, is a track and field event, similar to
1996 the long jump. As a group, the two events
are referred to as the "horizontal jumps".
3 Iryna 10 UKR 1365 High The competitor runs down the track and
GERASHCHENKO MAR jump performs a hop, a bound and then a jump
1995 into the sand pit. The triple jump was
inspired by the ancient Olympic Games and
has been a modern Olympics event since the Games' inception in 1896. According
to IAAF rules, "the hop shall be made so that an athlete lands first on the same foot
Famous Long Jump Athletes as that from which he has taken off; in the step he shall land on the other foot, from
Rank(MEN) Mark WIND Competitor DOB NAT POS Date Result which, subsequently, the jump is performed." The current male and female world
score record holders are Jonathan Edwards, with a jump of 18.29 m (60 ft 0.08 in), and
1. 8.95 +0.3 Mike 10 USA 1 30 1346 Inessa Kravets of Ukraine, with a jump of 15.50 m (50 ft 10.24 in). Both records
POWELL NOV AUG were set during 1995 World Championships in Gothenburg.
1963 1991
2. 8.90 +2.0 Bob 29 USA 1 18 1335 HISTORY
BEAMON AUG OCT Historical sources on the ancient Olympic Games occasionally mention jumps of
1946 1968 15 meters or more. This led sports historians to conclude that these must have been
3. 8.87 +0.2 Carl 01 USA 30 1330 a series of jumps, thus providing the basis for the triple jump. The triple jump was
LEWIS JUL AUG a part of the inaugural modern Olympics in Athens, In fact, the first modern
1961 1991 Olympic champion, James Connolly, was a triple jumper. The women's triple jump
was introduced into the Atlanta Olympics in 1996 and for men in 1896,it has been
Famous Long Jump Athletes a staple in international athletics competition ever since.
Rank Mark WIND Competitor DOB NAT POS Date Result
1. 7.52 +1.4 Galina 26 URS 1 11 1333
CHISTYAKOVA JUL JUN
Nature of the Game  Referee: Has the overall authority to enforce the rules and resolve any disputes.
Triple jump is a track and field event that combines three consecutive movements:  Judges: Responsible for checking the legality of each jump,measuring
the hop, step and jump. The athletes aim to cover the maximum horizontal distance distances,and recording the results.
from a designated take-off line to the landing area in the sandpit. The event  Recorder: Keeps track of the official results,distances,and attempts for each
requires speed, strength and coordination to effectively transition between the three athlete.
phases.  Starter: Signals the start of the athlete’s run-up with a gun or whistle.

Equipment and Facilities

 Track: A running track for the athlete to gain momentum before the take-off.
 Take-off board: A solid board, usually 20cm wide, where the athlete must
begin the hop phase.
 Sandpit: A landing area filled with sand to safely absorb the athletes landing
impact to measure the distance jumped.
 Spikes: Specialised shoes with spikes that provide better grip and stability on
the track.
Basic skills and Techniques
a) Approach Run(Run-up): The athlete sprint down the runway to build up
speed before jumping.
b) Take-off: This s the first push-off from the ground. The athlete pushes off
strong from the take-off board and keeps their body steady.
c) Hop: The athlete jumps off one foot an lands on the same foot.
d) Step: After the hop, the athletes steps forward with the other foot.
e) Jump: This is the final jump into the sandpit.
f) Landing: This is how the athlete lands in the sandpit. The athlete lands with
their feet together and bends their knees to avoid falling backwards.
Rules and Regulations
i. Hop: The athlete must take off from the take-off board using one foot and land
on the same foot.
ii. Step: The athlete then steps onto the opposite foot after the hop.
iii. Jump: Finally, the athlete leaps into the sandpit, landing on both feet.
iv. Fouls: A foul occurs if the athlete steps beyond the take-off line, if the jump
sequence is incorrect (eg. Landing on the wrong foot), or if any part of the
body touches the ground outside the designated landing area.
v. Measurements: The distance is measured from the take-off line to the nearest
mark made in the sand by any part of the athlete’s body.
vi. Attempts: Athletes typically have three or six attempts,with only the best jump
being recorded.
Officials of the Game