Tenses

Past present Future

You, I, we, They – (Do)
She, He, it, name –(Does)
Present indefinite
S + V1(s/es) + O -- +ve
She speaks English.
He paints the house.
You run fast.
He does online work.
S + Does/Do not + V1 + O
She doesn’t speak English.
He doesn’t paint the house.
You do not run fast.
He doesn’t do online work
Does/Do + S + V1 + O
Does she speak English?
 Does he paint the house?
Do you run fast?
Does he do online work?

Wh + Does/Do + S + V1 + O
Why does she speak English?
Why does he paint the house?
Why do you run fast?
When does he do online work

Present continuous
Is not – isn’t, am not – ain’t, are not – aren’t
S + Is/am/are + V1+ing + O
He is eating food.
He is using phone.
They are playing cricket
We are watching T.V.
 S + Is/am/are +not + V1+ing + O
He is not eating food.
He is not using phone.
They are not playing cricket.
We are not watching T.V.

Is/am/are +S + V1+ing + O
Is he eating food
Is he using phone.
Are they playing cricket.
Are we watching T.V.

Wh + Is/am/are +S + V1+ing
With (What) don’t use Obj
Why/Where/When/What/How Is he eating.
Why/Where/When/What/How Is he using.
 Present perfect
He, She ,It, name = Has
They, You, I, We = Have
S + Has/Have +V3 + O
He has gone to school.
They have read the book.
Gita has cooked food.
S + Has/Have + not +V3 + O
He hasn’t gone to school.
They haven’t read the book.
Gita hasn’t cooked food.
Has/Have +S +V3 + O
Has he gone to school
Have they read the book?
Has Gita cooked food?

Wh +Has/Have +S +V3 + O
 Why Has he gone to school
Why Have they read the book?
Why Has Gita cooked food?

Present Perfect continuous

S + Have/has been + V4 + O + Since/for + Time

Since = for certain time
For = Uncertain time

He has been studying for 3 years

He has been studying since 2023.
I have been attending the class for 3 days
I have been attending the class since 10th feb.

S + Have/has + not +been + V4 + O + Since/for

+ Time
He hasn’t been studying for 3 years
 He hasn’t been studying since 2023.
I haven’t been attending the class for 3 days
I haven’t been attending the class since 10th
feb.

Past indefinite
S + V2 + O == +ve
Ram broke the phone.
I bought a phone yesterday.
I went to Ram’s birthday.
Rani slept.

S + did not + V1 + O
Ram didn’t break the phone.
I didn’t buy a phone yesterday.
I didn’t go to Ram’s birthday.
Rani didn’t sleep.
 Did + S + V1 + O
Did Ram break the phone?
Did I buy a phone yesterday?
Did I go to Ram’s birthday?
Did Rani sleep?

Wh+ Did + S + V1 + O
Why/How did Ram break the phone?
Why did I buy a phone yesterday?
Why did I go to Ram’s birthday?
Why did Rani sleep?

Past Continuous
Was = I, it,He, She, name
Were = You, They, We,
S + was/were + V1+ing + O
You were reading.
 Ram was doing the H.W.
She was eating food.

S + was/were + not + V1+ing + O

You were not reading.

Ram was not doing the H.W.
She was not eating food.

Was/Were + S + V4 + O

Were you reading?

was Ram doing the H.W?
was she eating food?

Wh +Was/Were + S + V4 + O
 Why were you reading?
When was Ram doing the H.W?
How Were you reading?

Past perfect continuous

S + had been + v4 + O + for/since + Time
I had been learning English for 3 years.
He had been reading books since 2010.
Rani had been going to school for many days.

S + had not +been + v4 + O + for/since + Time

I had not been learning English for 3 years.
He had not been reading books since 2010.
Rani had not been going to school for many
days.

Had +S + been + v4 + O + for/since + Time

Had I been learning English for 3 years.
 Had he been reading books since 2010.
Had Rani been going to school for many days.

Wh +Had +S + been + v4 + O + for/since +

Time

Why had I been learning English for 3 years.

Why had he been reading books since 2010.
Why had Rani been going to school for many
days.

Future indefinite
S + Will/Shall + V1 + O
I will go to Dubai
He will clean the house.

S + Will/Shall + not+ V1 + O
I will not go to Dubai
 He will not clean the house.

Will/Shall + S + not+ V1 + O
Will I not go to Dubai
Will He not clean the house.

Why +Will/Shall + S + not+ V1 + O

Why/ How/ When Will I not go to Dubai
Why/ How/ When Will He not clean the
house.

Future Continuous
S + Will/Shall +Be + V4 + O
I will be going to Dubai
He will be cleaning the house.

S + Will/Shall +Be + V4 + O
I will not be going to Dubai
He will not be cleaning the house.

Will/Shall +S + +Be + V4 + O
Will I be going to Dubai
Will he be cleaning the house.
Wh + Will/Shall +S +Be + V4 + O
Why will I be going to Dubai
Why will he be cleaning the house.

Future Perfect
S + will have + V3 + O
He will have become doctor.
 I will have read a book.
He will have reached Delhi.

S + will not have + V3 + O

He will not have become doctor.
I will not have read a book.
He will not have reached Delhi.

Will +S + have + V3 + O

Will he have become doctor.

Will I have read a book.
Will he have reached Delhi.

Wh + Will +S + have + V3 + O

How/When will he have become doctor.

 How/When will I have read a book.
How/When will he have reached Delhi.

Future Perfect continuous

S + will have been + v4 + O + Since/for + time

He will have been searching a job for 2 years

He will have been competing his graduation.
Rani will have been flying kite since morning.

S + will + not have been + v4 + O + Since/for +

time

He will not have been searching a job for 2

years
 He will not have been competing his
graduation.
Rani will not have been flying kite since
morning.

Will +S + have been + v4 + O + Since/for +

time

Will he have been searching a job for 2 years

Will he have been competing his graduation.
Will Rani have been flying kite since morning.

Wh + Will +S + have been + v4 + O + Since/for

+ time

Why will he have been searching a job for 2

years
 Why will he have been competing his
graduation.
Why will Rani have been flying kite since
morning.
 Passive voice
O + h.v + V3 + by S
 I cook food ( is/am/are) – food is cooked by
me.
I read the book – The book is read by me.

She rides a cycle – cycle is ridden by her

I am cooking food – food is being cooked by

me.

I have cooked food – food has been cooked by

me.