COMMUNICATION IN THE NOW
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication ● Shannon-Weaver Model
- Process which involves a sender who
is required to compose a message
that is clear and purposive in order to
elicit his intended response
Sender - transfers the message
Sendee - receives the message
METHODS/CHANNELS OF
COMMUNICATION
● Face to Face Conversation ● Berlo
● Telephone/Mobile/Landline
● Private Chat (Facetime, Snapchat,
Viber, etc.)
Decoding
- Stage where your audience tries to
understand your message with
whatever means he/she has, for one
to reply the message accordingly
NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
● Barnlund
● Constructionist Don't underestimate me when I’m quiet. I
know more than I say, think more than I
speak, and observe more than you know
WORST BODY LANGUAGE MISTAKES
1. Excessive Nodding
- This undermines how
focused we are by nodding
like a bobble
Nodding Too Much
- Can make you look like a
bobble head doll. Even if you
● Linear agree with what’s being said,
nod once and then try to
remain still
2. Fidgeting
- The so called “nervous
energy”
3. Hands at the Back
- Communicates
● Interactive/Convergence unapproachability and close
mindedness
4. Mismatch Expressions
- Not expressing the real one
5. Shift Eyes
- May suggest that you are
lying or uncertain
6. Staring
- Too much of this can be
In communication, your intonation,
interpreted as aggressive or
facial expression, and your overall body
worse creepy
language just have the power to give
meaning to the message expressed in words
in more than ways
7. Chopping and Pointing
- This can mean cutting or
chopping connections
8. Breaking Eye Contact
- Expresses discomfort
9. Bad Posture
- Leaning back can be
translated as laziness; leaning
forward may express
aggressiveness
Communication is affected by
inward and outward forces from the non
verbal and verbal communication
Your past experiences can get the
better of you. We are the reflection of our
past and thus we bring to our workplace
HOW TO MAKE THE MOST OF YOUR
PAST EXPERIENCE (Lauren@Bubble.jos)
1. Keep It Relevant
2. Mix It Up A Little Bit (Talk How
Skillful You Are)
3. Downplay Negatives, Play Up
Positives
4. Align Your Company’s Spirit
5. Don’t Categorize People
6. Being In A Different Environment
Can Stretch Us Far Back, Or Too
Forward
We have two ears and one mouth so that
we can listen twice as much as we speak.
- Epictetus
HOW DO CULTURAL AND GLOBAL
ME IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY ISSUES AFFECT COMMUNICATION?
● Social Media have played a very
THE SIGNS OF TIMES significant role in playing in the
public eye, and that cultural and
global issues now weigh in heavily
on how we communicate with one
another
● If one is not ready to determine to
seek the authenticity of what is
● These incidents happened around the shown in the public, we can be
world and we received them through deceived of what other forms of
different forms of media media such as “flak” and “trolls”
● Communication affects in our daily ● “Online communication may cause
lives. It can foster positive and “trolls” where people involved here
negative effects in us plant discord on the internet by
posting ideas that causes people to
● The combination of technology and argue, divide people because of
social media have influenced all ages hatred, post hurtful words, and off
of humanity topic. This can the downside of the
community that this generation has
● In matters of culture, international built”
news agencies also proliferate the
emergence of unique news items ● Online Experts have yet to develop a
discussing how mothers these days full-proof solution to subvert this
have grown this “addiction” threat to no less than world peace
highlights in the community
accusing concerned mothers of ● The deluge of messages through
compromising the security of their online global community usually
children by posting on Facebook begins with the heads of states
details the birth, full names, and tweeting or posting in the social
places they’re taken to media accounts on how they
sympathize with another head of
states experienced either natural or
man-made calamities
● This is all too predictably followed “There is close relationship between the
by regular individuals doing the language and the culture of a
same to the extent of changing their community-they are inextricably related,
profile pictures to flags of a disaster so that one cannot understand or
stricken nation appreciate the one without the other.
Culture may reflect in body language,
customs, superstitions, and even
HOW WAS COMMUNICATION BACK
expressions and friendliness. Although
THEN, AND NOW? these definitely observed the cultural
● In 1400’s printing press was invented norms of a particular society, the impact
● This was followed by a telegraph of culture on language use is deep and
● Telephone began to invade the thorough. In this context, language refers
homes and offices all over the world to lifestyle of a community; the way its
● 150 years ago, photography was members behave, their beliefs, their
values, and most importantly, the way
introduced and followed by
they communicate. Every act of language,
television 100 years ago be it written or spoken, is a statement
● Television dominated the world until about the position of its author within the
cyber-world was born social structure in a given culture”
● Internet was then invented
- These are the lines from
AncaSirbu, Senior Lecturer, Ph.D
● Despite the privileges afforded in
department of Fundamental
this generation by internet Sciences of Humanities, Constanta
technology in terms of Maritime University
communication, one must still look
to language as a tool to convey
messages for well-meaning purposes
OTHER RESOURCES
because the way we communicate
● How social media makes us u…
help shape the community that you
are building for yourself
How Social Networks Have Change The
World From
● This generation, particularly the
(Di ga gana ang link and di ko sure kung ito
millennials made themselves to
yung vid na ginamean nya)
express themselves freely at their
● https://youtu.be/ezPY4Vqm8V8?si=I
convenience of using different
CsQBnDaFjGpD9wx
platforms in technology
● https://youtu.be/VbSWWb8fTPU?si
=DK94UTPOzWSIyqqV
LANGUAGE IN THE WHOLE GAMUT
OF COMMUNICATION THE FORMAL REGISTER
- An appropriate for professional
MOST COMMON LANGUAGE writing and letters to a boss, or
REGISTER someone we are meeting for the first
1. Formal time
2. Informal - Useful if we have to write a letter
3. Neutral that is both impersonal and
But generally, it has more unemotional to a specific person
WHAT IS LANGUAGE REGISTER? INCLUDES
(May video dapat dito kaso di ko mahanap) ● Business Letters
● Letters of Complaint
STYLES OF LANGUAGE REGISTERS ● Reports
1. Static ● Official Speeches
- This style is frozen in time ● Announcements
and form such as the Bible ● Professional Email Messages
2. Formal MUST BE OBSERVED
- Often impersonal that follows 1. Do not use contractions
a script or prescriptive Example: will not instead of won’t; have not
instead of haven’t
3. Consultative
- A style used for consulting an However, it can be used for quoting
expert such as professor or someone’s exact word. Keep in mind that
lawyer, or a doctor apostrophes are added to nouns to express
ownership
4. Casual
- Often an informal style which 2. Spell out numbers less than one
may include the use of slang hundred
and colloquialism Example: nineteen, twenty five, sixty five
5. Intimate 3. Avoid using too much passive voice
- An informal style which may instead make your sentences into
signify close relationship active voice
Example:
Passive: The data were recorded by
the researchers
Active:The researchers recorded the
data
ACCEPTS THE FOLLOWING
4. Avoid using slangs, idioms, ● Slangs and Clichés
exaggerations, and cliches ● Figurative Language
Example: awesome/cool; okay/ok; check it ● Symbols and Abbreviations
out ● Acronyms
● Incomplete Sentences
A cliche is a phrase that is often overused ● Short Sentences
Example: too much of a good thing, moment ● Jokes
of truth, time is money ● Personal Opinions
● Active and Passive Voice
5. Avoid abbreviations and ● Extra Punctuation
acronyms. Write it out first before
you can use the acronyms INCLUDES
Example: NSO - National Statistic Office ● Personal Emails
● Text Messages
6. Formal writing requires the good ● Short Notes
transition words ● Tweets
Example: nevertheless, additionally, ● Facebook Posts
consequently, in fact ● Blogs
● Friendly Letters
7. Always write in complete sentences ● Chat Messages
Example: ● Diaries and Journals
Before the establishments were
closed. (Wrong)
Before the establishments were THE NEUTRAL REGISTER
closed, they were ready. (Correct) - This is neither formal or informal
and this is used that is devoid of
8. Write longer and more complex emotion
sentence. As formal write ups are
usually written by well educated INCLUDES
individuals, complex sentences are ● Reviews
commonly seen in them ● Articles
● Some Letters
● Some Essays
THE INFORMAL REGISTER ● Technical Writing
- This is the register that we use when
we communicate with friends and
family informally. Usually, we use LANGUAGE REGISTER FOR THE
this when we are very close to them. LINGUISTS
Tenor
- Relationship between the author and
the audience such as how author 3. Black English
connects with his audience - Refers to British and American
language spoken by the blacks in the
US and UK
Tone - This spoken widely in Caribbean and
- The use of pitch in language to Africa
distinguish lexical or grammatical
meaning
4. British English (BrE)
Style - Spoken mainly in the United
- Include the social meanings Kingdom
- This English variant, together with
American English, are taught in most
Thomas Bertram Reid (1956) English as a Second Language (ESL)
- Register should be easily and English as a Foreign Language
distinguishable from other language (EFL)
variation based on regional and age
dialect, even if they would WHO THEN SHOULD TEACH
sometimes overlaps with register ENGLISH?
itself Traditionally, we say native speakers
are the best teachers. But, according to
ENGLISH AS A SPECIFIC LANGUAGE research, there are linguistic variations. Take
(video) note that successful communication is not
who uses it but it rather is a question of
ENGLISH IS CATEGORIZED BASED ON understanding.
ACCENTS?
1. American English (AmE) WHAT IS SOCIOLINGUISTICS?
- English language spoken in America - It is the study of the relationship
- Two thirds of world’s native between the language and society
speakers of English living in - It is also the study how people use
America use this variant language in their everyday lives;
- This was introduced to North how identities are shown more
America by British Settlers in 17th vividly through the words you use,
century, the colonization period how, through the language, you
intentionally or unintentionally
2. Australian English (AuE) create, maintain, or disrupt
- English language spoken in Australia relationships with others
- This was also introduced by British
Settlers during 18th century
PRAGMATICS AND DISCOURSE memos, political discussion,
ANALYSIS consultation
AREAS OF LINGUISTICS - This is shown how words and
1. Pragmatics meanings have cohesion (text
- Focuses on how speakers utilize together) and coherence (unity)
language to convey information
● They convey subtle features of
messages
● How language conveys on who did
that to whom, when, and how we
accomplish the language
REVOLVES AROUND
➢ Choice of Words
➢ Sentence Forms
➢ Intonation
➢ Rhythm
➢ Pitch
WE USE LANGUAGE TO ACCOMPLISH
SPECIFIC SPEECH ACTS IN
➢ Request
➢ Apologies
➢ Appeal
➢ Threats
● These will either make us close to
others or alienate us from others
2. Discourse Analysis
- Focuses on text and its context as
basis of movement from formal to
the informal or vice versa
- This refers to the variety of
experiences in our conversations:
MIDTERMS 3. Specific vs Diffused
● Specific culture is about a
man who considers his work
YOU SAY MORE THAN YOU THINK a place where he functions
as an individual.
● Diffused culture is opposite of
7 DIMENSIONS IN RECOGNIZING the specific as it encourages
CULTURAL DIVERSITY relationships and
camaraderie among
coworkers
1. Universalism vs Particularism
● Universalistic culture -
4. Achievement vs Ascription
adhere to general rules,
● Achievement is a dimension
codes, values, obligations;
about the attainment of our
that regardless of
status such as education,
circumstance same rule
ability, success and chosen
applies to different situations
career.
● Particularistic people on the
● Ascription, people who value
other hand make judgment
according to your social
according to their
connections, age, gender,
relationships. This is based
origin, and religion
on friendship and intimate
relationships affecting
5. Neutral vs Affective
situations on a cases to case
● Neutral culture, people may
basis
make an effort to conceal
their feelings because they
2. Individualism vs Collectivism
have been taught that way.
● Individualistic culture puts
They are often as guarded
emphasis the individual's
and controlled.
wants, happiness, fulfillment,
● Affective, they wear their
initiative, and welfare above
heart on their sleeves and
those of the community.
spend their time at work with
● Collectivism decides for the
laughter, expressions of
greater good and values
displeasure or happiness,
what works for the
bold gestures, and dramatic
community undermining
non verbal expressions
personal wants and desires
6. Time Orientation: Sequential vs
Synchronic
● Sequential type of people
always think that there is
always a time and place for
everything.
● Synchronic are those that
connect the past and the
future but you do not focus
on one order with which the
two take place.
7. Inner-Directed Orientation vs
Outer-Directed Orientation
● Inner- Directed culture
thrives on people making a
conscious effort of controlling
the environment where they
live in. They have a
mechanistic view of nature
and controlled with skill and
precision.
● Outer-Directed Orientation
believes in the domination of
nature over mankind. People
should always look into the
challenges of nature, to what
the outside world presents
and use them in making
decisions
TOOLS OF TECHNOLOGY FOR
COMMUNICATION
CREATING MULTIMODAL TEXT
- Creating multimodal text means the
production of spoken, written, or text
print in digital forms
● We extend our communication by
utilizing images, animation, gestures,
music, spoken and written language This is an example of a production of text
print in digital form. This is an
EXAMPLES OF TYPES OF advertisement done by the Department of
MULTIMODAL TEXTS Tourism promoting one of the tourist spots
● Animated Comics in the Philippines.
● Brochures
● Newspaper ● A good creation of multimodal text
communicates a good message
which reflects the cultural diversity
MULTIMODAL TEXT CAN BE
1. Paper - such books, comics, posters
in which they are meant to be read
and understood while holding or
looking at them.
2. Digital - such as slide presentations,
blogs or vlogs, web pages, short
films, videos, media campaigns, or
anything that capitalizes on digital
technology.
3. Live performance - such as dance
interpretations, monologue, role play,
or anything that is performed in front
of the audience.
4. Transmedia - a combination of
multimedia platforms.
THINGS TO CONSIDER TO HAVE A 5. Spatial - refers to the environmental
SUCCESSFUL MULTIMODAL TEXT and architectural spaces, proximity,
1. Purpose - What are your intentions directions, and over-all organization
of creating multimodal text? Or of objects in a given space
What is it that you want others to do
SAMPLE OF WRITTEN OR
or make? Are you going to inform?
LINGUISTICS
inspire or elicit action?
2. Message - This contains your actual
message that you made. What
information would you like to give?
How are you going to make your
message/communication direct and
clear?
3. Reader - This may be your fellow
students, parents, teachers, or
whoever you think will receive and You can be creative in this area by making
appreciate your message. your lines more catchy. This can make your
4. Viewer - They are the ones who will readers be interested to read your articles,
watch your work or art. essays, quotations and many more.
5. Audience - If your presentation is
live, they are the ones who will
SAMPLE OF AUDIO
directly watch your show.
Below are tracks recommended for
OUTPUTS FOR MULTIMODAL TEXT advertisement use. Check them online or
1. Written/Linguistics - refers to written you may check to listen in YouTube.
or spoken language presentations 1. Sleep Bank
2. Audio - refers to music, sound 2. Upscoth- Jean Thomas Cloutier
effects, noises or silences, and the 3. Nothing Stopping us now- Dan
elements of volumes, pitch, and Philipson
rhythm. 4. Back Where I Belong - Adrian
3. Visual - refers to the moving or still Haene
images with the utilization of colors, 5. Feeling Happy - Nicholas Pesci
layouts, and screen formats, 6. Motivational Moment - Chris
symbols, shot traming, distance, Hodges
angles, camera movement, and 7. Black and White - Nicole Danchev
subject movement. 8. Exotic Arabian Belly Dancer - Mirza
4. Gestural - refers to body movement, Sounds
hands and eyes, facial expressions, 9. Edge - Denis Woods
demeanors, speed, stillness, and 10.Elements of Love - Chillout Tunes
angles and many more...
SAMPLE OF SPATIAL
SAMPLE OF VISUAL
This is a symmetrical balance arrangement
This is an visual image created through of a living room. On both sides are chairs
digital works. This involves creativity in which are not of the same design, yet they
lay-outing your image are arranged in parallel.
SAMPLE OF GESTURAL HOW TO GET GOOD SELFIE
LIGHTING AT HOME
1. The bigger, the better - According
to Sarah Sloboda, who wrote a book
about selfies suggested to have a
collapsible reflector from a camera
store. She further suggested that for
lighting to look better, you may used
long and cylindrical lampshades
Message can be done through gesture. But
we need to be sure that gesture would not 2. Keep Lights at Eye-Level - Sloboda
give a double meaning. This must be further added that lighting must be
supported with text to give clarity of on your level. "Lighting from even
message slightly above can create circles
under the eyes, and from below
makes you look like you're in a
horror movie. Think of your face a
vertical line, and make sure the
surface of your light source is
parallel to it.
3. Face your light Source- Wedding 6. Camera Quality Matters- Good
photographer Merinda Edmonds camera matters a lot. Make sure that
suggested facing the light and you wipe the front of your camera
making sure the light is going before taking selfies. Sweat and can
towards your nose. Then, angle your get in a way and can reduce the
camera to be faced down lightly, and crispness and clarity of your images.
a snap.
4. Consider your Background. Your
background can give you a better
impact in your photos. Edmonds
suggested that if you have white
walls or white tiles, the light must
reflect back into your face, but if you
have strong colors around you like
blue, red or green, these colors will
leave a color on your face that you
might not like.
● Keep in mind that before you do
selfie, if you have a room with softer
colors that you can take photos in
instead, that is probably the better
choice.
5. Take Advantage of the Natural
Light - Natural light that's soft and
diffused is always the best.
● Sloboda suggest that face down the
windows when doing selfies because
it is flattering all complexions.
● Edmonds suggested that standing in
an overhang if you're outside so that
natural light can reflect directly on
your face.
COMMUNICATE TO CARE
Topic Sentence
- Sentence that summarizes the
general content of the paragraph
THE TOPIC SENTENCE MAY BE
PLACED:
● At the beginning of the paragraph, or
somewhere very near the beginning
of the paragraph
● At the middle
● At the end of the paragraph
Sometimes, the topic is merely implied; the
paragraph, however, it should be so
organized; its sentences should be so
chosen, that the content of the paragraph can
be summarized.
EXAMPLE:
Old furniture can be both cherished
possessions and a vexation. We have at
home an ancient chair which belonged to my
late grandfather. He had built it himself and
so nothing could induce us to part with it,
although we have had many sad experiences
resulting from contact with its loose arm, its
rickety seat, and its other decrepit portions.
My sister once fell out of it when loose arm
suddenly gave way. Another time...
