Eubacteria
1. **Which of the following is a characteristic of Eubacteria?**
A. Lack of cell wall
B. Presence of peptidoglycan
C. Multicellular
D. Eukaryotic cells
**Answer:** B. Presence of peptidoglycan
2. **What is the shape of cocci bacteria?**
A. Rod-shaped
B. Spiral-shaped
C. Spherical
D. Filamentous
**Answer:** C. Spherical
3. **Which of the following is a common method for classifying Eubacteria?**
A. By color
B. By shape
C. By size
D. By habitat
**Answer:** B. By shape
4. **What type of bacteria can perform photosynthesis?**
A. Anaerobic bacteria
B. Cyanobacteria
C. Chemoautotrophic bacteria
D. Pathogenic bacteria
**Answer:** B. Cyanobacteria
5. **Which of the following is NOT a way bacteria can reproduce?**
A. Binary fission
B. Budding
C. Fragmentation
D. Mitosis
**Answer:** D. Mitosis
Archaea
6. **Archaea are known for thriving in what type of environments?**
A. Extreme environments
B. Temperate environments
C. Polluted environments
D. Aquatic environments
**Answer:** A. Extreme environments
7. **Which of the following best describes the cell membranes of Archaea?**
A. Composed of phospholipids only
B. Composed of ether-linked lipids
C. Composed of cholesterol
D. Composed of peptidoglycan
**Answer:** B. Composed of ether-linked lipids
8. **Which group of Archaea is known for producing methane?**
A. Halophiles
B. Thermophiles
C. Methanogens
D. Acidophiles
**Answer:** C. Methanogens
9. **What distinguishes Archaea from Eubacteria at a genetic level?**
A. Differences in ribosomal RNA sequences
B. Presence of peptidoglycan in cell wall
C. Similar cell membrane structure
D. Lack of circular chromosomes
**Answer:** A. Differences in ribosomal RNA sequences
10. **Which of the following Archaea can thrive in salty environments?**
A. Psychrophiles
B. Halophiles
C. Thermophiles
D. Methanogens
**Answer:** B. Halophiles
Fungi
11. **What is the primary structure of fungi?**
A. Cells with chloroplasts
B. Hyphae
C. Mycelium
D. Spores
**Answer:** B. Hyphae
12. **Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?**
A. Eukaryotic cells
B. Photosynthetic
C. Heterotrophic
D. Cell walls made of chitin
**Answer:** B. Photosynthetic
13. **Fungi reproduce asexually by producing:**
A. Seeds
B. Spores
C. Buds
D. Conjugation
**Answer:** B. Spores
14. **Which type of fungi forms a symbiotic relationship with plants?**
A. Saprophytic fungi
B. Lichens
C. Mycorrhizal fungi
D. Parasitic fungi
**Answer:** C. Mycorrhizal fungi
15. **What is the role of fungi in the ecosystem?**
A. Producers
B. Consumers
C. Decomposers
D. Primary producers
**Answer:** C. Decomposers
Protozoa
16. **Protozoa are primarily classified as:**
A. Multicellular organisms
B. Prokaryotic organisms
C. Unicellular eukaryotic organisms
D. Photosynthetic organisms
**Answer:** C. Unicellular eukaryotic organisms
17. **Which structure helps some protozoa move?**
A. Cilia
B. Cell wall
C. Hyphae
D. Spore
**Answer:** A. Cilia
18. **Which of the following is a parasitic protozoan?**
A. Amoeba
B. Paramecium
C. Plasmodium
D. Euglena
**Answer:** C. Plasmodium
19. **Protozoa can reproduce by:**
A. Only sexual reproduction
B. Only asexual reproduction
C. Both asexual and sexual reproduction
D. Budding
**Answer:** C. Both asexual and sexual reproduction
20. **What type of nutrition do most protozoa use?**
A. Autotrophic
B. Heterotrophic
C. Decomposers
D. Photosynthetic
**Answer:** B. Heterotrophic
General Questions
21. **What is the main component of fungal cell walls?**
A. Cellulose
B. Chitin
C. Peptidoglycan
D. Starch
**Answer:** B. Chitin
22. **Which of the following kingdoms does not contain prokaryotic organisms?**
A. Eubacteria
B. Archaea
C. Fungi
D. Both A and B
**Answer:** C. Fungi
23. **What is the main role of microbes in soil?**
A. Photosynthesis
B. Nitrogen fixation
C. Decomposition
D. Both B and C
**Answer:** D. Both B and C
24. **How do protozoa obtain their nutrients?**
A. Absorption
B. Photosynthesis
C. Ingestion
D. A and C
**Answer:** D. A and C
25. **Which of the following is a common method of identifying microbes in a
lab?**
A. DNA sequencing
B. Protein analysis
C. Microscopy
D. All of the above
**Answer:** D. All of the above
Viruses
26. **What is the basic structure of a virus composed of?**
A. Cells
B. Genetic material and protein coat
C. Ribosomes
D. Cytoplasm
**Answer:** B. Genetic material and protein coat
27. **Which of the following is NOT a type of virus?**
A. Retrovirus
B. Bacillus
C. Adenovirus
D. Influenza virus
**Answer:** B. Bacillus
28. **Viruses are classified as:**
A. Prokaryotic
B. Eukaryotic
C. Acellular
D. Multicellular
**Answer:** C. Acellular
29. **What is the term for a virus that can remain dormant inside a host cell?**
A. Virulent
B. Lytic
C. Lysogenic
D. Bacteriophage
**Answer:** C. Lysogenic
30. **What type of genetic material can viruses contain?**
A. Only DNA
B. Only RNA
C. Both DNA and RNA
D. Neither DNA nor RNA
**Answer:** C. Both DNA and RNA
Normal Microbiota
31. **What is normal microbiota?**
A. Pathogenic organisms
B. Microorganisms that always cause disease
C. Non-pathogenic microorganisms living in or on the body
D. A type of virus
**Answer:** C. Non-pathogenic microorganisms living in or on the body
32. **Where is normal microbiota found in the human body?**
A. Only in the digestive tract
B. Throughout the whole body
C. Only on the skin
D. Only in the bloodstream
**Answer:** B. Throughout the whole body
33. **Which of the following is a benefit of normal microbiota?**
A. They produce toxins
B. They outcompete pathogenic microbes
C. They cause inflammation
D. They suppress the immune system
**Answer:** B. They outcompete pathogenic microbes
34. **Which of the following factors can disrupt normal microbiota?**
A. Antibiotic treatment
B. Healthy diet
C. Regular exercise
D. Good hygiene practices
**Answer:** A. Antibiotic treatment
35. **Normal microbiota can contribute to which of the following?**
A. Digestion
B. Vitamin production
C. Immune system stimulation
D. All of the above
**Answer:** D. All of the above
Modes of Disease Transmission and Ways of Prevention
36. **Which of the following is a mode of direct transmission?**
A. Airborne transmission
B. Fomites
C. Vector-borne transmission
D. Person-to-person contact
**Answer:** D. Person-to-person contact
37. **What is the main method of preventing the spread of respiratory viruses like
the flu?**
A. Avoiding fiber-rich foods
B. Handwashing and vaccination
C. Consuming antibiotics
D. Drinking more water
**Answer:** B. Handwashing and vaccination
38. **Which of the following is an example of vector-borne transmission?**
A. Drinking contaminated water
B. Being bitten by an infected mosquito
C. Touching a contaminated surface
D. Coughing near someone
**Answer:** B. Being bitten by an infected mosquito
39. **Which of the following best describes airborne transmission?**
A. Transmission through blood
B. Transmission through contaminated food
C. Transmission via droplets or dust particles in the air
D. Transmission through contact with surfaces
**Answer:** C. Transmission via droplets or dust particles in the air
40. **The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial in preventing:**
A. Airborne diseases
B. Waterborne diseases
C. Bloodborne diseases
D. All of the above
**Answer:** D. All of the above
Uses of Microorganisms
41. **Which of the following is NOT a use of microorganisms in industry?**
A. Producing antibiotics
B. Food fermentation
C. Biodegradation
D. Killing all other organisms
**Answer:** D. Killing all other organisms
42. **Microorganisms are used in the production of which of the following foods?**
A. Bread
B. Cheese
C. Yogurt
D. All of the above
**Answer:** D. All of the above
43. **Which process involves the use of microorganisms to break down waste
products?**
A. Photosynthesis
B. Bioremediation
C. Fermentation
D. Nitrogen fixation
**Answer:** B. Bioremediation
44. **The use of yeast in brewing beer is an example of:**
A. Pathogenic activity
B. Fermentation
C. Antibiotic production
D. Photosynthesis
**Answer:** B. Fermentation
45. **In medicine, microorganisms are frequently utilized to:**
A. Create vaccines
B. Treat infections with antibiotics
C. Produce insulin
D. All of the above
**Answer:** D. All of the above
General Questions
46. **Which of the following vaccines protects against viral infections?**
A. Tetanus vaccine
B. Hepatitis B vaccine
C. Rabies vaccine
D. Both B and C
**Answer:** D. Both B and C
47. **Probiotics are:**
A. Harmful microorganisms
B. Live beneficial bacteria
C. A type of virus
D. Environmental pollutants
**Answer:** B. Live beneficial bacteria
48. **What term describes the process of using microorganisms to convert organic
waste into energy?**
A. Fermentation
B. Composting
C. Biogas production
D. All of the above
**Answer:** D. All of the above
49. **Which of the following can help prevent foodborne illnesses?**
A. Proper cooking and storage of food
B. Avoiding all animal products
C. Eating raw foods exclusively
D. Only drinking bottled water
**Answer:** A. Proper cooking and storage of food
50. **Which type of microbe is commonly used in the production of antibiotics?**
A. Viruses
B. Fungi
C. Protozoa
D. Eubacteria
**Answer:** B. Fungi
