Microbiology and
✅ b) Bacteria
Parasitology Review Exam
4. Viruses differ from bacteria because
1. Introduction to Microbiology they:
and Parasitology a) Have a cell wall made of
peptidoglycan
1. Which of the following best defines b) Have both DNA and RNA
microbiology? c) Can reproduce outside of a host
a) The study of animals and their d) Require a host cell for replication
habitats
b) The study of microorganisms,
including bacteria, fungi, viruses,
and parasites
✅ d) Require a host cell for
replication
c) The study of plants and their
interactions with the environment
d) The study of only bacteria and 5. Fungi are classified as:
viruses a) Prokaryotes
b) Eukaryotes
✅ b)
microorganisms,
The study of
including
c) Non-living entities
d) Archaea
bacteria, fungi, viruses, and
parasites
✅
b) Eukaryotes
2. Which branch of microbiology
focuses on disease-causing
microorganisms?
a) Environmental microbiology 3. Morphology and Structure of
b) Industrial microbiology
Microorganisms
c) Medical microbiology
d) Agricultural microbiology 6. Bacteria that are spherical in shape
are called:
✅
c) Medical microbiology
a) Bacilli
b) Spirilla
c) Cocci
d) Vibrio
2. Classification of Microbiology
✅
c) Cocci
3. Which of the following is a 7. The structure responsible for
prokaryotic microorganism? bacterial motility is:
a) Fungi a) Pili
b) Bacteria b) Capsule
c) Virus c) Flagella
d) Helminth
d) Cell wall ✅ b) Ascaris lumbricoides
✅ c) Flagella
12.Tapeworms
classification?
a) Nematodes
belong to which
b) Trematodes
8. Which fungal structure is responsible c) Cestodes
for spore production? d) Protozoa
a) Hyphae
b) Mycelium
c) Sporangium ✅ c) Cestodes
d) Capsule
13.Which helminth causes
✅
schistosomiasis?
c) Sporangium a) Schistosoma
b) Ascaris
c) Enterobius
9. The viral component that encloses d) Taenia
the genetic material is called:
a) Envelope
b) Capsid ✅ a) Schistosoma
c) Spore
d) Pilus
✅
b) Capsid
5. Microscopy
Techniques
and Staining
14.Which microscope is required to
10.The most resistant bacterial visualize viruses?
structure that allows survival in a) Light microscope
harsh environments is: b) Fluorescence microscope
a) Capsule c) Electron microscope
b) Endospore d) Phase contrast microscope
c) Flagella
✅ c) Electron microscope
d) Cell membrane
✅ b) Endospore 15.What is the primary stain used in
Gram staining?
a) Safranin
b) Crystal violet
4. Multicellular Parasites c) Iodine
d) Methylene blue
11.Which of the following is a
roundworm (nematode)?
a) Taenia solium ✅ b) Crystal violet
b) Ascaris lumbricoides
c) Schistosoma mansoni 16.Gram-negative bacteria appear:
d) Trichophyton rubrum a) Purple
b) Pink
c) Blue
d) Green ✅ b) The virus immediately
replicates and lyses the host
✅ b) Pink cell
1. Introduction to Microbiology
17.Acid-fast staining is used to detect:
a) Escherichia coli
and Parasitology
b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1. The study of microorganisms,
c) Staphylococcus aureus
including bacteria, fungi, viruses,
d) Candida albicans
and parasites, is called:
a) Zoology
✅ b)
tuberculosis
Mycobacterium b) Microbiology
c) Botany
d) Pathology
18.The staining technique used for
identifying
neoformans is:
Cryptococcus
✅
b) Microbiology
a) Gram stain
b) India ink stain
c) Acid-fast stain 2. Which of the following is NOT a
d) Endospore stain microorganism?
a) Virus
b) Bacterium
✅ b) India ink stain c) Helminth
d) Fungus
6. Viral Structure and Replication
✅
c) Helminth
19.The genetic material of a virus can
3. Parasitology is the study of:
be:
a) Bacteria
a) Only DNA
b) Viruses
b) Only RNA
c) Parasites and their interactions
c) Either DNA or RNA
with hosts
d) Both DNA and RNA
d) Fungi
✅ c) Either DNA or RNA
✅ c) Parasites and their
20.Which of the following best interactions with hosts
describes the lytic cycle of a virus?
a) The viral DNA integrates into the
host genome and remains dormant 4. The relationship in which one
b) The virus immediately replicates organism benefits while the other is
and lyses the host cell harmed is called:
c) The host cell engulfs the virus a) Mutualism
and neutralizes it b) Commensalism
d) The virus replicates without c) Parasitism
affecting the host cell d) Symbiosis
✅ c) Parasitism
3. Morphology and Structure of
Microorganisms
2. Classification of Microbiology
9. Rod-shaped bacteria are called:
5. Which of the following is a a) Cocci
prokaryotic microorganism? b) Bacilli
a) Virus c) Spirilla
b) Bacterium d) Vibrios
c) Fungus
✅
d) Protozoan
b) Bacilli
✅
b) Bacterium
10.The structure responsible for
bacterial motility is:
6. Fungi belong to which kingdom? a) Pili
a) Protista b) Capsule
b) Plantae c) Flagella
c) Fungi d) Ribosome
d) Animalia
✅ c) Flagella
✅
c) Fungi
11.Fungal cell walls are made of:
a) Peptidoglycan
7. A virus differs from a bacterium b) Cellulose
because: c) Chitin
a) It has a nucleus d) Lipids
b) It does not contain DNA or RNA
c) It requires a host cell to replicate
d) It can grow on artificial media ✅ c) Chitin
✅ c) It requires a host cell to
replicate
12.The protective structure formed by
some bacteria during unfavorable
conditions is called:
a) Capsule
b) Endospore
8. Protozoa are classified as: c) Pilus
a) Prokaryotic d) Cell membrane
b) Eukaryotic
c) Non-living
d) Bacteria ✅ b) Endospore
✅
b) Eukaryotic
4. Multicellular Parasites d) Phase-contrast microscope
13.Helminths are classified as:
a) Protozoa ✅ c) Light microscope
b) Multicellular parasites
c) Bacteria 18.Gram staining differentiates bacteria
d) Fungi based on:
a) Shape
✅ b) Multicellular parasites
b) Size
c) Cell wall composition
d) Ability to form spores
14.Which of the following is a
roundworm (nematode)?
a) Taenia solium ✅ c) Cell wall composition
b) Ascaris lumbricoides
c) Schistosoma mansoni 19.Gram-positive bacteria appear:
d) Trichophyton rubrum a) Pink
b) Purple
✅ b) Ascaris lumbricoides
c) Blue
d) Green
15.Schistosoma belongs to which group
of helminths? ✅ b) Purple
a) Cestodes
b) Trematodes 20.Acid-fast staining is used to identify:
c) Nematodes a) Gram-negative bacteria
d) Protozoa b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
c) Staphylococcus aureus
✅ b) Trematodes
d) Escherichia coli
16.The intermediate host of ✅ b)
tuberculosis
Mycobacterium
Schistosoma is:
a) Cow
b) Snail
c) Dog
d) Mosquito 6. Viral Structure and Replication
✅ b) Snail 21.Viruses are composed of:
a) Cell wall and cytoplasm
b) DNA or RNA and a protein coat
c) Ribosomes and mitochondria
d) Nucleus and cytoplasm
5. Microscopy and Staining
Techniques
✅ b) DNA
protein coat
or RNA and a
17.The most common microscope used
in microbiology labs is:
a) Electron microscope 22.Which part of the virus helps it
b) Fluorescence microscope attach to host cells?
c) Light microscope a) Ribosomes
b) Spikes 26.Gram-negative bacteria appear
c) Mitochondria _____ after Gram staining.
d) Peptidoglycan a) Purple
b) Pink
✅ b) Spikes c) Blue
d) Green
23.The lytic cycle of a virus leads to:
a) Latency in the host
b) Destruction of the host cell
✅ b) Pink
c) DNA integration into the host 27.The primary stain used in Gram
genome staining is:
d) A symbiotic relationship a) Safranin
b) Crystal violet
✅
cell
b) Destruction of the host
c) Methylene blue
d) India ink
24.The lysogenic cycle differs from the
lytic cycle because:
✅ b) Crystal violet
a) The virus immediately replicates 28.Which staining method is used for
and destroys the host cell detecting Mycobacterium species?
b) The viral DNA integrates into the a) Gram stain
host genome and remains dormant b) Acid-fast stain
c) The virus is killed by the host’s c) Endospore stain
immune system d) Capsule stain
d) The virus infects only bacteria
✅ b) The viral DNA
✅ b) Acid-fast stain
integrates into the host
genome and remains
dormant 8. Endospores and Their
Significance
29.Bacterial endospores are resistant
7. Bacterial Classification and to:
Gram Staining a) Heat
b) Radiation
25.Gram-negative bacteria have: c) Disinfectants
a) A thick peptidoglycan layer d) All of the above
b) A thin peptidoglycan layer and an
outer membrane
c) No cell wall
d) Teichoic acids
✅ d) All of the above
30.Which of the following genera
✅ b) A thin peptidoglycan
layer and an outer membrane
produce endospores?
a) Staphylococcus
b) Escherichia
c) Bacillus
d) Pseudomonas 10. Viral Replication
✅ c) Bacillus 35.The first step in viral replication is:
a) Assembly
b) Attachment
31.The function of an endospore is to: c) Release
a) Reproduce d) Transcription
b) Survive harsh conditions
✅ b) Attachment
c) Generate toxins
d) Move
✅ b)
conditions
Survive harsh
36.The enzyme required
retroviruses to replicate is:
for
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Reverse transcriptase
d) Ligase
9. Helminth Classification and
Examples
✅ c) Reverse transcriptase
32.Tapeworms belong to which class of
helminths?
a) Nematodes
b) Cestodes 11. Types of Microscopes and
c) Trematodes Their Uses
d) Protozoa
37.Which microscope provides the
✅ b) Cestodes highest resolution?
a) Light microscope
b) Electron microscope
33.The definitive host of Taenia solium c) Phase-contrast microscope
is: d) Fluorescence microscope
a) Pig
✅ b) Electron microscope
b) Human
c) Mosquito
d) Snail
38.Which microscope uses ultraviolet
✅ b) Human light?
a) Bright-field microscope
b) Fluorescence microscope
34.The intermediate host of c) Electron microscope
Plasmodium (malaria parasite) is: d) Dark-field microscope
a) Human
✅
b) Mosquito
c) Cow b) Fluorescence
d) Snail microscope
✅ a) Human
12. Bacterial Growth and Culturing
39.Bacteria that grow best at human b) Transduction
body temperature (37°C) are called: c) Conjugation
a) Psychrophiles d) Replication
b) Mesophiles
c) Thermophiles
d) Hyperthermophiles ✅ c) Conjugation
✅ b) Mesophiles 44.The process where bacteria take up
naked DNA from the environment is
called:
40.The term "aerobic bacteria" refers to a) Transformation
bacteria that: b) Transduction
a) Require oxygen for growth c) Conjugation
b) Grow without oxygen d) Replication
c) Are killed by oxygen
d) Do not use oxygen but tolerate it
✅ a) Transformation
✅ a) Require
growth
oxygen for 45.Which genetic material do bacteria
contain?
a) Linear DNA
41.Bacteria that can grow in the b) Circular DNA
absence of oxygen but prefer c) DNA and RNA in a nucleus
oxygen are called: d) Mitochondrial DNA
a) Obligate aerobes
b) Obligate anaerobes
c) Facultative anaerobes
d) Microaerophiles
✅ b) Circular DNA
✅ c) Facultative anaerobes 14. Pathogenic Microorganisms
and Diseases
42.The lag phase of bacterial growth is
characterized by: 46.The causative agent of tuberculosis
a) Rapid division is:
b) No growth, adaptation to the a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
environment b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
c) Maximum population density c) Escherichia coli
d) Cell death d) Clostridium tetani
✅ b) No growth, adaptation
to the environment
✅ b) Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
47.The causative agent of malaria is:
a) Plasmodium species
13. Bacterial Genetics b) Trypanosoma species
c) Giardia lamblia
43.The transfer of DNA between d) Entamoeba histolytica
bacteria via a pilus is called:
a) Transformation
✅ a) Plasmodium species d) Pasteurization
48.The most common bacterial cause
of pneumonia is:
a) Staphylococcus aureus
✅ b) Filtration
b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
d) Escherichia coli
✅ b)
pneumoniae
Streptococcus
49.Clostridium tetani causes:
a) Tetanus
b) Botulism
c) Anthrax
d) Tuberculosis
✅ a) Tetanus
50.Which of the following is a sexually
transmitted protozoan infection?
a) Malaria
b) Toxoplasmosis
c) Trichomoniasis
d) Leishmaniasis
✅ c) Trichomoniasis
15. Laboratory Safety and Aseptic
Techniques
51.The first step in aseptic technique is:
a) Washing hands
b) Sterilizing media
c) Wearing gloves
d) Disinfecting the work area
✅ a) Washing hands
52.The most effective method for
sterilizing heat-sensitive liquids is:
a) Autoclaving
b) Filtration
c) Boiling
