FISHING

• Fishing Ports: Baluchistan and Sindh

• Uses of Fish
• Species of Fish
• Types of Fishing (Subsistence & Commercial)
• Fishing Method: Marine + Inland + Fish Farms
• Fish Farms:
(Method + Features + Advantages + Disadvantages + Picture based Q &
Improvements)
• Developments in Fishing Industry
• Problems in Fishing Industry
• Further improvements in Fishing Sector (Gwadar)
• Sustainability
Graph-based Questions
• Production of Fish
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FISHING PORTS IN PAKISTAN
MAP: BALUCHISTAN & SINDH

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Fishing Ports in Pakistan

Balochistan (JGPOS): Sindh

Jiwani Karachi Port
Gwadar
Pasni
Ormara
Sonmiani

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Uses of Fish
Fish as Food
• Fishes are consumed everyday by man, they are rich in protein and are delicious to taste.
Fishes are Medicinal
• It has been discovered that the consumption of fish can help to prevent various types of
cancers, cardio-vascular diseases, skin, and hair problems, and they also help in keeping the
brain stimulated.
Fishes as Source of Oil
• Fish oil is derived from the tissues of oily fish, used in different products.
Fish as a Source of Income
• Fish also serves as a source of income not only to the farmer but also to his workers.
Fish is used as poultry feed.

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Species of Fish
Inland
• Trout
• Talla
• Palla
• Manaseer
• Rohu/Raho
Marine
• Sardine
• Prawn
• Shark
• Herring
• Mackerel

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Fishing Areas
Inland
• Rivers
• Lakes
• Fish Farms
Marine
• Coasts / Sea

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Types of Fishing
Subsistence
• Fish catch for family consumption
Commercial
• For market / Earning Money

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Fishing Methods: Inland
Inland
• Rivers: Small wooden Boat & Net
Fish Farms
• Fish rearing: is done in small man-made tanks, easy to dig in soft soils.
• Small fish: from hatcheries are taken for farms.
• Nutritional diets: antibacterial medicines are used during growing period.
• Source of water: Tube-wells and canals.
• Fisheries department of provincial government: help in this regard by
providing technical knowledge/financial assistance.

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Fishing Methods: Marine

Marine Fishing Method

• Nets: Gill-netter
• Boats: Sail boats / Mechanized motor boats and trawlers are used
• Satellite navigation: use of radio for weather conditions
• Storage: refrigeration facilities on boat
• Distance from Coast: Up to 60km
• Remain at sea: 5–15 days
• Time Period: Throughout the year/10 months or more per year
• Fish: are dried and exported

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HOME ASSIGNMENT

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 FISHING/ HOME ASSIGNMENT

Task 1 (Written):
• Problems in Fishing Industry (5 marks)
• Further improvements / Suggestions for development (5 marks)
• Sustainability (3 marks)
Source of information:
• Resource Material
• Notebook
• Internet

Task 2 (Oral):
• Understand the Graph-based Questions on Fishing

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SOME SPECIFIC QUESTIONS

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Describe activities that are involved in the secondary sector of the fishing industry.
[4]
• Gutting / washing / cleaning (initial preparation of fish for other processes / ensure
hygiene)
• Freezing (preserve (freshness) / for export)
• Canning (preserve / for export)
• Converting to fishmeal (for domestic poultry feed)
• Salting (so that the fish is preserved)
• Curing (dehydrates the fish so it can last longer / preserve)
• Smoking (preserves the fish and gives it a unique taste)
• Storage (of fish in refrigerators allows maximum storage time) / refrigerating (keeps
the fish in its original state for eating)
• Packaging (preparing for transport / preparation for sale / protects the fish from
contamination / prevents spoilage)
• Boat making / making nets / repairing boats / repairing nets (preparing for the process
of catching fish)
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State three ways in which fish can be stored and processed before sale.
[3]
• Chilled / refrigerated
• Frozen / in freezer
• Gutted
• Filleted / de-boned
• Dried
• Salted
• Canned

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Suggest reasons for fish decrease on Coasts.
• Over-fishing
• Water pollution / oil spills etc.
• Loss of breeding / shelter / feeding areas (i.e. mangroves)
• Fishing in closed season / when breeding
• Fishing by boats from other countries

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(D) PART QUESTIONS

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 MARINE FISHING:
TO BE DEVELOPED SUSTAINABLY

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(d) To what extent is it possible for marine fishing to be developed sustainably in
Pakistan? Give reasons to support your answer. [6]

Possibilities:
• By avoiding overfishing
• By having quotas/government licenses
• Secure fishing grounds from foreign fishing boats/fines/policing
• Limit number of months in year able to fish (to allow breeding)
• Only catch adult fish (by using nets with larger mesh)
• Laws to protect of mangrove forests
• Laws/fines to prevent marine pollution/oil spills
• Education in sustainable methods

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(d) To what extent is it possible for marine fishing to be developed sustainably in
Pakistan? Give reasons to support your answer. [6]

Not Possible /Problems:

• Not enough capital/investment
• Lack of skills/training in sustainable methods
• Lack of political interest/will (fishing only makes up about 0.5% of GDP)
• Mangrove forests are being cleared (reducing breeding/feeding areas for
fish/shrimps)
• Sea pollution (oil from ships/industrial/domestic waste from Karachi)(poisoning fish
and spreading into food chain)

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FISH PROCESSING INDUSTRY

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(d) To what extent is it possible to develop the fish processing industry further in
Pakistan? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to places or examples you have
studied. [6]
Possibilities:
• Long undeveloped coastline (1050 km / Makran Coast 750 km)
• Gwadar being developed as a new port / fish harbour with modern facilities / EPZ
(providing base for linkage to central Asian states)
• Potential at Pasni / Jiwani / Sur Bandar / Ormara (allowing more fish to be
refrigerated / preserved for transport to Karachi)
• Government support (provides essential facilities for a fishing port to allow
sustainability)
• Increase local ice factories / refrigerated storage / packing / canning facilities (to
reduce need to transport to Karachi)
• Training / education (could provide employment of local educated youth)
• Value added products made for export (make more foreign exchange)
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(d) To what extent is it possible to develop the fish processing industry further in
Pakistan? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to places or examples you have
studied. [6]
Not Possible /Problems:
• Many processing plants under capacity / out of operation (showing that the future
development is uncertain)
• Few skilled workers
• Coastline remote / poor transport links (e.g. no railway / small airports / delayed
new road links)
• Canning factories have been unhygienic and a cause for import bans (to EU / Saudi
Arabia)
• Unreliable export market (about 30% worldwide)
• Low profits (6% of foreign exchange)
• Foreign competition
• Urban centres prefer fresh fish (so processed fish only to a few large department
stores) 22