English oy Prashant Sir eo ores repre lag English oy Prashant Sir Soro English oy Prashant Sir eo Soo ‘Tense refers to the form of a verb that Present indefinite tense Renerenes eter seine (etter renee or enioee expresses fa uc repectedy or haba time or type of an action. es English oy Prashant Sir eo Corrs English oy Prashant Sir eo Soo via en Structure : Affirmative subject + i/(Vss/es) + alales 7°" (i) Toexpress facts, rsa ruts regular action, or habits (i) Some key words like daily, always, never, seldom, Negative -subject + do/does + not 4.3). 4 ° whensver, oft, somites, occasTonaly rarely, fes/no questions - do/ 1S + subject +/not}+ V, + Yes/no questions- dds + subject ot W ere eee ec tear nee Wh-auestions -Whewords + do/does + subject + (not) + Vs an? Redefines seeEre Some other usage of Present indefinite tense > To show fixed/flanned/definite action of future > Generally, verbs like opén, close, begin, start, end, finish, arrive; cone, leave, takeoff return, ec. are used in these > Im news paper headlines and commentaries. fe English oy Prashant Sir > — 1,we, you, they, plural subjects > y He, she, it, singular subjects > V'+ s/es or ‘does’ While using do/does in sentence, don't use of s/es with main verb Ere Present Continuous tense > Present continuous tense is used to show ongoing. ‘temporary actions in the present tense. English oy Prashant Sir Structure:- Affirmative - subject + is/am/are + Vs [Negative - subject +is/am/are + nat + V, +ing Yes/no questions -is/am/are + subject + (not) + V +ing ‘Wh-questions - wh-words + is/am/are + subject + (not) + V1 ing Ere Usage = vA re > If words like now, at the rffoment, now-a-days, these days, this week, etc. are used in a sentence > With exclamatory words like look! listen! shi, hury up, ete. > To show gradual changes. 7 English oy Prashant Sir Common mistakes related to Present continuous tense = + You, we, they, plural subjects -> ‘are’ +19 tam + he, she, it, singular subjects > "is ~ Don't use stative verbs in any continuous tenseEre eo Soro English oy Prashant Sir eo Remember the following stative verbs > Sense/perception: seem, look, appear, sound, resemble, > Mental state:- know, realize, understand, recognize, believe, Jo like, cost, owe, weight, equal, be, exist, matter, feel, suppose, imagine, doubt, remember, forget, want, » NOTE: Stative verbs are not used in continuous and perfect need, desire, main, et. continuous tense. > Emotional tate: Love He, mind care surprise, apreit, > Note:- Some ofthese stative verbs are also used as action pleas, prefer, hate, dist, fear, astonish, amaze, envy et. verbs— o . > Possessve:- Possess, have, own, belong, comprise, contain, Se sme Bar re consist, include, exclude, ete. Teste Fg aa FE Ere eo Soro English oy Prashant Sir eo Present perfect tense es Affirmative - subject + has/have + V, + > Recently completed actions having effect on present are [Negative - subject + has/have + not +V, + wm written in this tense ceed Yes/no questions - has/have + subject + (not) + V3 sm? Wh-questions - Wh-words + has/have + subject + (not) + V, + on? Ere eo Soro English oy Prashant Sir eo aa Pata apenas is voces tons sro ee cae tga prope evg st arent et are wedina ee nee aaa Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to show > When the action &¥completed in past and its effect can be. actions that started in past and are going on in present. noticed in present > "et" is generally used in negative & interrogative sentences fp _ of present perfect tense. picseeietfocttsy Prashant Sir eo oo Structur ip sincevéfery “ney Affirmative - subject +has/have +been+Vasing. - - -°"" ince > point of time aie Merit Sublet a Raye ane ing. Word ist since Tuesday, since 3 pm, since January, since no questions -has/have + subject + (not) + been + V,+i paeaece cue , since January, st Teeter en a hee ie 2033, since morning, since that day, snc then, et \Wh-questions - Wh-words + has/have + subject + (not) + been > Pants of day “morning, night, noon, et. - $V Ig sen sinee/for = 1 > Stages of life -Childhodd, adolescence, etc. > Clock -7 o'clock, 8 pm, 7 am, etc. ae ae y Prashant Sir Occasion: Christmas, > Dates 10th April, 24th June, etc. > "Last + time’ > Use ‘since’ ae > ‘the + last time’ > Use ‘for’ Day name - Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, etc. > We can also use an action of past as a point of time after > Month name - April, July, August, etc. ‘since’. But remember that itis usually written in the past > Year name - 2008, 2009, etc. lefinite tense 47 y Prashant Sir eo oo > Affirmative - subject + Vz > Negative - subject + did + not + V1 + Past Indefinite tense is used to show one time actions or > Yes/no questions - did + subject + (not) + Vs repeated actions of past. ton? > Wh-questions - Wh-words + did + subject + (not Vs +Ce eo po nee rem par nrren eee eater pvnuedeherti ED BD indefinite tense. » ‘Not’ is not used without helping verb (did). > Generally, we do not use ‘did’ in positive sentences, but we ‘can use it for emphasis. Ce eo structure: Past continuous tense > Afficmative subject +was/were + V, ting +. > Negative - subject + was/were + not + V, sng + Past continuous tense is used to show ongoing > Yes/no questions - was/were + subject + (not) + V, +ing pempresy scion of pest > Wh-questions - Wh-words + was/were + subject + (not) +V, ¢ing + Ce eo Past perfect tense > To show actions that completed on or before a point 5 we oftime in past. od > Affiemative -subject + had + Vy >) 5 > Itisalso known as ‘Past of Past’. oun > Neat > Used to show unrealties of past —” Yes/no questions - had + subject + (not) + Vs + > Wh-questions- Wh-words + had + subject + (not) + V, + Structure: ~ subject + had + not + V, +.Structure: Affirmative subject + had + been + Vyting + ‘Negative - subject + had + not + been + Viting + Yes/no questions - Had + subject + (not) + been + V,ting + since/for. \Wh-questions - Wh-words + had + subject + (not) + been + V, ing + Ce Structure: Affirmative - subject + will/shall + Vs "Negative - subject + will/shall + V; Yes/no questions - will/shall + subject + (not) + V, +..? Wh-questions - Wh-words + will/shall + subject + (not) + Vz + 2 Structure: Affirmative - subject + wil/shall + be + V,+ing +. ‘Negative - subject + will/shal + (not) + be + V,+ing + Yes/no question - wil/shall + subject + (not) + be + V,+ing + Wh-questions - Wh-words + wil/shall + sub + (not) + be + Vi sing + Ce Future perfect tense Structure: Affirmative - subject + will/shall + have + V,¢. "Negative - subject + will/shall + not + have +V tar Yes/no questions - will/shall + (not) + have + V, + ...? \Wh-questions - Wh-words + will/shall + sub + (not) + have + V, 2 Future perfect continuous tense Structure: Affimative - subject + will/shall + have + been + Vsting +.. ‘Negative - subject + will/shall + not + have + been + V,+ing + Yes/no questions - will/shall + sub + (not) + have + been + Vyting + \Wh-questions - Wh-words + will/shall + sub + (not) + have + been +V, ting + ...? Ce ‘Ago v/s before > ‘ng teused in pastndetnie tense. > "Before' is used in ff perfect tense.whi ‘after’ en two actions of past are given First action > Past Perfect nse second action > Pas indefinite ten or “before is generally used to join these actions Structure: © Past indefinite + after + past perfect © Past prtot + bate + past indfita Important structures with ‘time Structure:- > Iishigh time subject +9) > Itis about time + subject +V3) hant Sir ores > "By the time’ is used in past perfect, future perfect and ‘conditional sentences. Structure:- © subject +had V, +. © Subject + will/have + + the time + seas Ye ety the tines subject by the time + subject + Vs + . Nut yet wht