Purposive Communication
COMM 1100
Course Facilitator: Pamelyn S. Immatong
Lesson 1:
Communication
processes,
principles, and
ethics
Definition and Nature of Communication?
What is Communication?
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Definition and Nature of Communication?
What is Communication?
“sending” or “receiving”
✔ Connotes something one person does or give to someone else
“sharing”
✔ connotes something that two or more people do together.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Definition and Nature of Communication?
COMMUNICATION
• Lunenberg (2010) believe that
communication comes from the
Latin word ‘communis’ which
means common.
• To be common means “to come
together” or “to commune”- “to
share something in common”.
MODULE 1 Lesson 1:
Definition and Nature of Communication
According to Kincaid and Schramm:
Not all communication has to be
Not all communication takes place
human communication.
in words.
z0000
Communication can take place over Communication does not always
large distances of space and time. require two or more participants.
Not all participants in a communication Thinking is a form of
process have to be present at the same communication
time.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
What then is Purposive Communication?
• It is an intentional
communication that
happens within the bounds
of specific contexts such
as settings, environment,
scene, social relations and
culture
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Communication Process and its Attributes
• On-going; • Consist of group of
ever-changing, elements which
with no clear interact to influence
beginnings and each other and the
endings system as a whole.
Dynamic
Dynamic Systematic
Systematic
Symbolic Meaning
Meaning is is
Personally
Personally
interaction Constructed
Constructed
constructed
• Language is a form
• Meanings are in
of symbol. “The
people not in words.
medium shapes the
message.”
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Elements of Human Communication
Berlo’s Model of Communication (1961)
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Elements of Human Communication
Effect SOURCE
1. Overt Effect – obvious or visible; responses include non-
verbal cues (nodding of head, signing of a contract).
2. Covert Effect – non-observable but sometimes they are
不足important.
the most
之三
* Communication can result in motivation or persuasion. It may lead to
awareness, interest, decision, or action.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Levels of Communication
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Levels of Communication
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Levels of Communication
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Forms of Communication
Verbal Communication
• communication that uses language to convey meaning
• It can include oral communication, such as speaking to another
person over the telephone, face-to-face discussions, interviews,
debates, presentations and so on.
• It can also include written
communication, such as letters
and emails.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Forms of Communication
Non-Verbal Communication
• sending of messages to another person utilizing method or means
other than spoken language.
VISUAL
a)Posture e) Proxemics
b)Gestures and body f) Geographic location
movements g)Time
c) Facial expressions h)Artifacts
d)Eye movements i) Physical
characteristics
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Forms of Communication
Non-Verbal Communication
• sending of messages to another person utilizing method or means
other than spoken language.
Other Non-verbal cues
AUDITORY
a) Tactile (touch)
a)Silence
b) Olfactory (smell)
b)Paralanguage (speech)
c) Gustatory (taste)
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Models of Communication
Laswell’s Model of Communication
Limitation: omits the elements of feedback.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Models of Communication
Shannon and Weavers “Mathematical” Model
Limitation: one-way linear model
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Models of Communication
Newcomb’s Model
“ABX Model”. Communication maintains equilibrium within a social system.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Models of Communication
Osgood and Schramm’s Model
“Circular Model” Messages can go in two directions.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Models of Communication
Dance’s Helical Model
“Dynamic”
process of
communication.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Models of Communication
Kincaid’s Convergence Model
Participants share information
so that mutual understanding
is reached. Once mutual
understanding is reached,
there is mutual agreement,
then collective action can be
taken.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Principles of Communication
Clear
Correct
Complete
Concrete
Concise
Courteous
Coherent
7 C’s of COMMUNICATION
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Principles of Communication
Clear • Be clear about the purpose of
the message you’re delivering.
• The recipient should be aware
of why they are receiving the
message and what you’re trying
to achieve by delivering it.
• The content of the
communication itself is clear.
Avoid jargon, use simple
language, use simple structures
and focus on the core points of
your message.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Principles of Communication
• Both the factual information and
the language and grammar you
Correct use are correct.
• Your audience might get
distracted and your credibility
will be greatly reduced.
• This will reduce the
effectiveness of your
communication
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Principles of Communication
• Give the recipient all of the
information they need to follow
your line of reasoning and to
reach the same conclusions you
Complete have.
• This level of detail will be
different in different situations,
and you should adjust your
communications accordingly
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Principles of Communication
• Ensure that you are specific
and that the logic and messages
that you’re using fit together,
build on each other and support
each other.
Concrete
• Arguments should be based on
solid facts and opinions from
credible sources.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Principles of Communication
• Stick to the point and keep your
messages short and simple.
• The more you say, the more risk
there is of confusion. Avoid that
risk by focusing solely on the
key points you need to deliver.
Concise
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Principles of Communication
• Increase the effectiveness of
your communications by being
polite and showing your
audience that you respect them.
• Always use some empathy and
consider your messages from
the point of view of the
audience.
• Messages should be friendly,
Courteous
professional, considerate,
respectful, open and honest.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Principles of Communication
• Logical flow and your style, tone
and language should be
consistent throughout.
• Ensure consistency of message
when delivering multiple
communications.
Coherent
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Ethics of Communication
Definition of Ethics
• A system of moral principles
• Deals with the value relating to
human conduct, with respect to the
rightness and wrongness of
actions and to the goodness and
badness of motives and ends of
such action.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Ethics of Communication
Communication Ethics
• It refers to the principles,
standards, and guidelines that
govern ethical behavior in the
realm of communication.
• It involves considering the potential
impact of communication on
individuals and society as a whole.
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Expressing Ethics in Communication
1. Adhering to the Golden and Platinum Rule of communication
GOLDEN RULE
“Always treat others in the same way you want to be treated.”
-focuses more on the self rather than the person were
communicating to.
PLATINUM RULE
“Treat others the way they wish to be treated” (Bennett, 1980)
-focuses more on other people preferences
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
Expressing Ethics in Communication
2. Considering the feelings of the receiver.
-best to maintain care, tact, and diplomacy in
communicating
3. Acknowledging the source of idea or information
-give credit to where it’s due
4. Speaking truth – a “universal rule”
-but one needs to speak it carefully; are you the
right person to say it?; is it the right time and
place to talk about it?
Lesson 1:
Communication processes, principles, and ethics
