a

Mon 6th/ May 23

WRITING TASK 1
Topic: The bar chart below describes some changes about the percentage of
people/ were born in Australia and who were born outside Australia/ living in
urban rural and town /between 1995 and 2010.
1. Introduction: Paraphrase the introduction
2. Overview: The main feature of the graphs

The supplied bar charts compare the percentage of both residents and the
immigration of Australia living in cities, countryside and villages between
1995 and 2010.

Generally, the inhabitants living in rural areas decreased a lot in 2010 when
comparing with the
number of them in 1995.
Lexical Resources:
- Besides (prep) (informal) = Additionally / Furthermore/ Moreover: formal
- Change (n) + in: Sự thay đổi
- Immigrant (v): di cư
- It is also noticeable
- It is clearly stated
- Make (v) = Allow (v)
- Regardless of sth (idiom) = Irrespective of sth (idiom)
- Residental hub (np) = Urban area (np)
- Respectively (adv): lần lượt là
- Than (A half informal) = Compared to (One half formal)
- Whereas (conj) = However (conj)
- Witness (v) + a sharp/ considerable/ dramatic/ slight rise
WRITING TASK 2
#NOTE:
 You need to maintain your position through out your response.
 Your response need to be well-developed.
Lexical Resources:
- A thriving economy (collo)
- Address (v) = Solve (v)
- An adverse effect on
- An increasing number of people (collo)
- Another way to look at the issue
- Appropriate (adj) = Suitable (adj)
- Broaden (v) someone’s mind: to make someone understand more
and know more about different subjects, ideas, places, etc.= have an
enlighten on somebody
- Burglary (n): Trộm đồ trong nhà
- Convey (v) Truyền đạt
- Educational support (np)
- Financial aid (np) = Financial support (np)
- Foreseeable (adj) = Predictable (adj)
- Illiteracy (n): Nạn mù chữ
- Indeed (adv): quả nhiên
- Major/ Important key (np)
- One school of thought (np)
- Proper + education (uncountable) = countable np
- Prosperity (n): Sự thịnh vượng
- The poor (n) = The underprivileged (n)
- Thrive (v) = Develop (v)
- Undeniable (adj): Không thể phủ nhận
- Waive (v) bỏ
- With a view to + Ving (idiom) = In order to (idiom)
- Flourish(v) boost

Mon 22th/ May 23

WRITING TASK 2
Lexical Resources:
- (In) Worst-case scenarios (n)
- City (n) = Residental hub (np) = Urban center (np) = Metropolis (n)
- Despite (prep)
 - Devote (v) = Contribute (v)
- Diseased (adj): bị bệnh
- For example (phrase)= For instance (phrase) = Namely (adv)= Specifically
(adv)
- Incomparable (adj) = Unmatched (adj) = Unparalleled (adj):
better or greater than any other
- Infect (v): lây nhiễm
- Live (v) = Reside (v) = Dwell (v)
- Owing to (prep)
- Top-tier (adj) = most important
#NOTE: Always write your POINT with a simple sentence.
Topic: Some people think that living in big cities is bad for people’s health
(main point). To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Example (cities):
In this rapidly advancing era, a considerable portion of the population chooses to
dwell in expansive residental hubs, drawn by the unmatched advantages they
provide. These advantages include top-tier educational institutions, elevated living
standards, and an array of other benefits. However, a particular perspective posits
that this inclination may be detrimental to the well-being of the inhabitants. I
strongly endorse the aforementioned viewpoint and will hightlight my personal
perspective in this essay.

Wed 24th/ May 23

WRITING TASK 2
Agree/ Disagree (Counter Argue)
1. Intro: Background information (living in cities/health) - Rephrase the topic -
Answer the topic
2. Body 1: Always start the body with a linking expression:
o Admittedly (Undoubtedly)/ However
o On the one hand/ On the other hand
Topic: Some people suppose that the government should be responsible for the
rise of obesity in children. To what extent do you agree or disagree
 1. I strongly agree
2. I strongly disagree
Writing Task 2 Method
50/50 method
o Intro
 Background information
 Rephrase the topic
 Answer the question
o Body 1
 One side of the argument (the responsibility lies within the government)
o Body 2
 The other side of the argument( the responsibility lies within the
family/education)
o Conclusion
 Emphasize the standpoint
 Have a prediction for the idea
 Summarize your viewpoint briefly and suggest a solution or make a
prediction to strengthen your conclusion for the whole essay.
40/60 method
o Intro
 Background information
 Rephrase the topic
 Answer the question
o Body 1
 One side of the argument (the responsibility lies within the government)
- Point
- Explanation
- However
- Point
- Evidence

o Body 2
 The other side of the argument (the responsibility lies within the
family/education)
 o Conclusion
 Emphasize the standpoint

Writing method:
P I E:
- Point (Thesis statement) (simp sentence)
- Illustration (Explain)
- Example (Further explanation (in case))
P E E L:
- Point
- Evidence
- Example
- Link (Consequently, Overall, Therefore)
Linking Expressions:
- Simple sentence - Compound sentence/ Complex sentence
- FANBOYS (complex) (coordinating conjunctions) ->Compound
- Subordinating conjunctions (…) -> Complex
Mistakes
- Common mistake
- Serious mistake
- Unclear -> Fix the mistake or include a sentence to make it clear
- Run-on sentence
- Punctuation : dấu câu
# Proofreading
Scores:
TA - Task Achievement (answer all the questions)
Eg: For countless generations, people, irrespective of age and gender, have been
fascinated by health matters, encompassing maintaining good health and
preventing diseases. As a case in point, an increasing number of parents are
worrying about their children’s well-being as they run a higher risk of contracting
(=suffer from) obesity. A certain standpoint that posits that the government are
accountable for reducing this health issue in children. I strongly disagree with the
given perspective and will elucidate my reasoning in this essay.
-> Task achievement
CC - Coherence and Cohesion (Discourse Markers, Cohesive Devices, Linking
Expressions, Modal Verbs)
- Coherence: arranging the ideas logically
- Cohesion: Use cohesive divices to connect ideas
 Another way to look at the issue
 As has been demonstrated
GAR - Grammatical Range and Accuracy (Simple, Complex, Compound, Passive,
Relative Clauses, Conditional Sentences,..)
LR – Lexical Resources (and Accuracy) (Topic vocabulary, General vocabulary,
Less common vocabulary)
Các thì cần thiết
- Simp Present
- Present Perfect
- Present Continuous (topic in current situations)
- Future Simp
Lexical Resources:
- Adolescents (n)
- As a result (phrase) = Consequently (adv)
- Balanced nutrition (n)
- Because = So as to = In order to
- Bring forth = Bring about
- Calorie counting (n)
- Campaign (n): chiến dịch
- Caregivers (n) = Guardians (n)
- Cutting-edge (adj): tiên tiến, hiện đại
- Chief among these (phrase): the most special of them
- Department (n)
- Diagnosis (n): sự chuẩn đoán
- Diet (n)
- Ensure (v) = make sure (v)
- Exceed (v) = Outweigh (v)
- Exercise prudence = Consider (v)
- Exhausted (adj)
- Exorbitant (adj): extremly expensive
- Fitness regimen (n): chế độ tập thể dục
- Government (n) = Policy makers (n) = Local authorities (n) = City officials
(n)
- Healthy eating habit (n)
- House (v): chứa
- I firmly hold the belief that
- Justifiable (adj) = Reasonable (adj)
- Mature (adj): trưởng thành >< Premature (adj)
- Meal planning (n): lập kế hoạch bữa ăn
- Outdated prejudice (n): Định kiến lỗi thời
- Pale in comparison to (idiom): không thể nào so đc với
- Pathogen (n): mầm bệnh
- Place of residence (np) = Where to live
- Portion counting (n)
- Prevalence (n) = Popularity (n)
- Proliferation of sth (np): sự gia tăng
- Physical inactivity (n): Không hoạt động thể chất
- Run a higher risk of (vp) = may / might
- Safeguard (v) = protect
- Strategies (n)
- Susceptible: dễ mắc phải + to
- The Ministry of Education and Training: Bộ GD và ĐT
- The Ministry of Health: Bộ Y Tế
- This essay aims to explore and elucidate the underlying justification for this
perspective
- This perspective in inherently flawed
- Treatment (n)
- Weight control programme (n)
- Weight maintenance (n)
- Weight management (n)
- Weight monitoring (n): theo dõi cân nặng = Weight tracking (n)
 # In conclusion there should be a solution
# Danh từ riêng, tính từ sở hữu, tính từ chỉ định, thời điểm cụ thể dùng dấu
phẩy mệnh đề liên hệ.
Topic: Some people think that the government is responsible for the rise in
obesity in children. Do you agree or disagree?
IELTS Speaking Test
Part 0
- Show your ID/ passport
- Tell the examiner your full name
Part 1
- There are 3-4 questions for each given topic (3-4 topics), which accounts for
12 questions in total.
# Fixed topics : study/ hometown/hobby
- Remember that the test is to evaluate the examinees’use of language, not
how knowledgeable they are.
- Use 3-4 sentences to answer each question (A complete thought).
E.g Which is the most interesting book you have ever read ?
# Even though you don’t have a hobby of reading, just answer the question
Part 2
- You will be given a question and 1 minute ONLY to prepare for a 2-minute
talk
- Identify the keywords to analyze the questions
.g: Describe a sports program you enjoy watching
You should say:
- What it is?
- Where you watch it?
- Who you watch it with?
- And explain why you enjoy watch the program
DAY 1
 WRITING TASK 1

Outline:

1. Intro
2. Overview
3. Body 1
4. Body 2

Lexical resources

- The given/ provided+ diagram/ chart/ table+ show/ depict/ enumerate/ give
information on+…

Verb Noun
Increase Increase in
Rise Rise
Peak Peak
Go up N/A
 The given diagram depicts the total number of stages involved in the
production of cherry jams.

- Firgures(n) = Data(n) = Statistics(n)

 The firgures have witnessed a rise (witness a rise)
 The data have seen a rise (see a rise)
- Upward trend/ Downard trend (n)
 The data have witnessed an upward trend during this time.
 Verb Noun
Decrease Decrease
Drop Drop
Fall Fall
Go down N/A

Nhóm thì thường sử dụng

- Hiện tại đơn

- Hiện tại tiếp diễn
- Hiện tại hoàn thành
- Quá khứ đơn
- Quá khứ hoàn thành

Verb Noun
Remain the same N/A
Not change N/A
Fluctuate Fluctuation

E.g: The average number of people residing in urban regions

Adverb Adjective
Dramatically Dramatic
Rapidly Rapid
Sharply Sharp
Considerably Considerable
Significantly Significant
Gradually Gradual
Slightly Slight
 - Significant (adj) = Obvious (adj)
- Stable(adj)
 The data remained stable.
- Stability (n)
 The data remained its stability/ The data saw stability.

WRITING TASK 2

Grammar

1) Passive voice
2) Relative Clauses
Reduced forms
 Active -> Ving
Eg: Potatoes taking from the farm have been sold for the inhabitants
residing nearby, but it was too expensive for them to buy it.
 Complement
Eg: the Nile, the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world,
have many special species, especially the pink dolphins
 Clause
Eg: The curriculum students are studying in this school has a lower level
than other schools
 Passive-> V3/ed
The upstair window closed last night, was broken by the thief

Task: Many people are adopting the habit of playing sports. What are the
causes for this growing trend? Relative clauses - One answer only
  Exhibit (v) + a healthy lifestyle/ ways of life
 Promote (v) = Facilitate(v)
 Pursue (v)
 Pursuit(n) = Hobby(n)

E.g:

An increasing number of people, regardless of age and gender, are adopting new
preferences for activities, SUCH as sports. This prevalence can be attributable to
the needs of maintaining great health and weight control. This, in turn, allows
them to lead healthy ways of life. As a case in point, statistics have shown that
people now spend an average of 3 hours a day on outdoor pursuits. Therefore, it is
evident(clearly) that the popularity for sports is rising for good causes.

Topic: Write a short paragraph about your daily routines

Topic 2: Potential causes of social crimes (homework)

DAY 2

WRITING TASK 2

COMPARISON

ADJECTIVES/ ADVERBS

-> Compared to / In comparion with

E.g: Teenagers in this current society are spending their time more excessively
(overrated) compared to their counterparts decades ago.

Topic: Students are suffering from hectic schedules. What are the factors
contributing to this problem?

WRITING TASK 1
Topic: The line chart below shows the number of crimes in millions in the
UK from 1970 to 2005

The provided chart displays the incidence of three types of crimes( street robbery,
burglary, and car theft) in the UK over a span of 35 years, ranging from 1970 to
2005, and is presented in millions.

Topic: The table belows compares carbon dioxide (CO2) production by the
five countries that produced the most carbon dioxide in 2006

The table illustrates the comparison of carbon dioxide emissions from five top-
tier carbon dioxide produced countries of the year 2006

Topic: The chart below shows the percentage of young people at university in
six different countris in 2000 and 2007

The provided chart compares the proportion of young individuals enrolling at

unversity in 6 distinct nations namely Italy, Spain, the UK, Poland, Norway, and
Finland of the year 2000 and 2007.

DAY 3

Lexical Resources

- Absorption (n): sự hấp thụ

- Be driven (adj) + by: bị thao túng bởi
 Teenagers, driven by a strong desire to explore new experiences and
express themselves, are more susceptible to using various addictive
substances as a means of satisfying their curiosity.
- Cognition (n): nhận thức
- Cognitive (adj): về nhận thức
- Cognitive education (n): giáo dục về nhận thức
 - Content (n)
- Drive (n) = Motivation (n)
 I have the drive to success.
- Drive (v)
- Excessive (adj) quá mức
- Excessively (adv)
- Gain access to (v) = Access (v)
- Implement (v)
- Inappropriate (adj)
- Involvement (n) + in
- It is imperative to = It is necessary to
- Pose (v) = Cause (v)
- Presently (adv)
- Promote (v) = Push (v) = Boost (v)
- Psychological (adj)
- Root cause (n): vấn đề cốt lõi
- Selective (adj)
- Sexual (adj)
- Societal (adj)
- Substance (n): chất
- Susceptible (adj) + to: dễ nhiễm phải
- Violence (n)
- Vulnerable(adj): be easily affected by psychologically harmful factors

TOPIC: Write a letter to your friend in order to inform them about the
upcoming national competition held in your region. You will be one of the
contestants, and remember to include the following ideas while writing this
email
SEXUAL ABUSE (assignment)

- Masochist (n): người bạo dâm = Sadist (n)

- Penis/ Pussy = Genital (n)
- Sex (n) = Gender (n)
- Sexual abuse (homework)
- Sexual content: nội dung khiêu dâm
- Sexual desire (high/low): ham muốn tình dục
- Sexual discrimination= racism
- Sexual harassment
- Slave (n) / in slavery
- Take advantage of (phV): lợi dụng

DAY 4

Lexical Resources

- ____-intergraded ability(n) khả năng hòa nhập với ___

- A sense of depression (np) = depression
- A top priority (n): ưu tiên hàng đầu
- Abnormal (adj) # Normal (adj)
- Accurate perspective (n): quan niệm đúng đắn
- Adequately (adv): đồng đều
- Alarming phenomenon: hiện tượng báo động
- Annual basis: hàng năm
- Assaulted (adj) đã bị hiếp
- Assume (v)= Suppose, think
- Be prone to + Ving = tend to= have a tendency to= exhibit a propensity
( negative)
- Coerce (v): bắt buộc
- Conduct (v): thực hiện
- Controversial (adj) = hotly debated
- Child molestation (n) dê xồm trẻ em
- Devastate(v) = Destroy (psychological issue)
- Deviate(v) tách khỏi
- Distorted belief (n): quan niệm sai lệch
- Emerge (v): xuất hiện
- Endure(v) face with difficult, unpleasant things
- Engage in similar behaviors
- Expand (v) make sth bigger
- Explicit sexual content(nphrase) nội dung khiêu dâm
- Exploit (v) = take advantage of
- Exposure(n) the increase frenquency of sth
- Extend (v) make sth last longer
- Incident(n) = occurrence (n)
- Indicating that (verb phrase) show that
- Influence(n) impact, effect
- Intellect(n) trí tuệ
- Intellectual (adj)
- Intercourse (n): sex
- Life-threatening(adj)
- Limited awareness (n)
- Long-term effect (n)
- Peer (n) friend
- Perpetrator (n) = Offender (n) = a person who carries out an illegal act
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): rối loạn stress sau sang chấn
 - Proper moral standard (np): tiêu chuẩn đạo đức đúng đắn
- Psychological disorder (n) rối loạn tâm lí
- Puberty (n) tuổi dậy thì
- Rationale (n) = reason (n)
- Rectify (v): correct sth
- Reproductive health (n) sức khỏe sinh sản
- Reveal (v)= show, illstrate
- Revictimization (n)
- Risk of pregnancy (n) khả năng mang thai
- Safeguarding (n) = protection (n)
- Self-harming tendency(n): xu hướng tự làm hại bản thân
- Sexual attack (n) = Sexual harassment (n)
- Sexual transmitted diseases (STD): các bệnh lây qua đường tình dục
- Sexuality (n) vấn đề tình dục
- Social isolation (n) sự cô lập xã hội
- Specifically,... = As a case in point,... = Namely,... = For instance,...
- Stem from = Originate from = Arise from
- Struggle with = deal with
- Suitable (adj) = Appropriate (adj) = Proper(adj) # inappropriate(adj)
- The true fault lie with (verb phrase)
- Thereby(adv) = from that
- Thus,... = Hence,... = Considering these factors,...
- Uncontrollable desire (np): mong muốn không thể kiểm soát
- Victim-blaming (n)
- Widespread prevalence worldwide (n)

Topic: causes and effects of pollution( homework)

 DAY 5

LEXICAL RESOURCES

- , thereby (adv) = by that

- In contrast(adv)
- Afforestation (n) = reforestation(n)
- Bacteria (n): vi khuẩn
- Biodiversity(n) đa dạng sinh học
- Consequently (adv)
- Decay (v) to become gradually damaged, worse, or less; to cause something
to do this
- Decomposition (n) the action of decaying, or causing something to decay
- Deficiency (n): a state of not having, or not having enough, of something
that is needed
- Deplete (v) = Erode (v)
- Fatigue (n) extreme tiredness
- Flora and fauna (np) động thực vật
- Geo- engineering (n)
- Have yet to Vinf
- Insomnia (n) bệnh mất ngủ
- Interestingly (adv)
- Justification (n) = Reason(n)
- Matchless (adj) = Peerless (adj) (formal) = Unequalled (adj) (UK formal) =
Unique (adj) = Unmatched (adj) (formal) = Unrivalled (adj) (UK formal)
- Material (n) = Resource(n)
- Personification (n) nhân hóa
- Process (n)
- Remain indifferent (V): vô tư (hờ hững)
- Scheme (n) = plan ( more formal than plan)
- Unparalleled (adj) = incomparable(adj)
- Vertical (n) thẳng đứng
- Vertical farming (n) cây trồng chậu thẳng đứng
- Vertical line (n) trục tung
- Water bodies (n)
 - Worsen (v) to become worse or make sth become worse
- Wreck (v) = Destroy (v)

Day 6
Lexical Resources
- A wealth of knowledge (np)
- Academic performance (n)
- Advent of internet (np)
- Deteriorate (v): get worse
- Deteriorating academic performance (n)
- Devote (v) ___ to +noun/ ving = Dedicate (v) ___ to + noun/ ving
- Have adverse effects on (phV)
- Indulgence (n) = participate in
- Influx of cultures (np): sự du nhập của văn hóa = Culture influx (n)
- Lead a sedentary life
- Prevalence (n) = Popularity (n)
- Spend (v) + time excessively on
- State-of-the-art (adj) = Modern (adj)
- Suffer from = Deal with = Face = Confront
- Ways of life (np) = Lifestyles (n)

Day 7
Writing Task 1
Introduction: Rephrase the topic and include general information of the
diagram / graph( what you see in general).
Overview: Notable information (special features)
 Process – Sequence
o First/ after that/ then/ the next step is/ finally
o Step/ stage (n)
o Involve in (phv)
  Generally, it is apparent/ hightlighted / notable that there are 8 steps
involve in the process of wine production, starting with___, followed by
___, and ending with___
o Development (n) sự phát triển
 The various stage of development
o Culminating in the emergence of a fully developed adult insect
o Commence (v) start
o Undergo (v) chịu đựng
o Emergence (n) = apprearence (n)
DAY 8
LEXICAL RESOURCES

- Assist (v) = Help (v)

- Conflict (n): xung đột
- Cross culture understanding (n)
- Dissemination (n): sự phổ biến, lan truyền
- Embrace (v): đồng cảm
- Enrichment (n): sự làm giàu
- Ensuring the thriving of the economy
- Enhancing internet connectivity
- Financial losses (n): thiệt hại tài chính
- Harmonious (adj): hài hòa
- In summary (adv)
- In the realm of business: trong lĩnh vực kinh doanh
- Innocent (adj)
- Interconnectedness (n): sự kết nối toàn cầu
- Invaluable (adj): vô giá
- Means of accessing information (n)
- Opaque (adj): mờ mịt
- Platforms (n)
- Proactive (adj): chuyên nghiệp
- Promote (v): thúc đẩy
- Prosperous (adj): thịnh vượng
- Realm (n) = Reality (n)
- Skeptical (adj): hoài nghi
 - Substantial (adj): đáng kể
- Tax evasion (n): sự trốn tránh thuế
- Time is universally recognized as the most precious
- Tolerance (n) = Empathy (n): sự đồng cảm
- Traumatic (adj): causing severe and lasting emotional shock and pain
- Trustworthy (adj): đáng tin cậy
- Vessel (n): tàu
WRITING
Point (Thesis statement) – State your personal perception on the matter
Topic sentence – Summarise your viewpoint (Briefly)
Vocabulary
- Gain access to (v) = access
- Selective (adj)
- Vulnerable (adj): be easily affected by psychologically harmful factors
- Excessive / Excessively: quá mức
- Garner public attention (v) = popular
- Addictive substances
- Drive (n) = Motivation (n)
 I have the drive to success.
- Drive (v)
 Teenagers, driven by a strong desire to explore new experiences and
express themselves, are more susceptible to using various addictive
substances as a means of satisfying their curiosity.
- Cognitive education (n): giáo dục về nhận thức
- It is imperative to = It is necessary to
- Implement (v): do
- Slave (n) -> (In) slavery
- Genital (n): Bộ phận sinh dục
- Sexual abuse: Homework (lạm dụng)
Information:
The potential effects on victims:
 Survivors may also experience psychological, emotional, or physical
effects that may be difficult, and impact them at different points in
their lives.
  The occurrence of sexual abuse is rising rapidly.
- Sexual harassment: quấy rối tình dục
- Sexual desire (+high/ low)
- Sexual discrimination = racist
- Take advantage of
#VnExpress
Writing task 1
Outline:
- Introduction: rephrase the topic( rememeber to include all the relevant
information within the diagram/ chart)
- Overview: report the main features of the diagram/ chart
- Body 1: report/ describe data given
- Body 2:report/ describe data given

DON’T
- Make personal comments about or give reasons for the data presented
- Copy the task instructions in your introduction( use passive voice, relative
clause, word change)
- Don’t use informal language
- Don’t describe the graph in a haphazard manner
- See the task 2 at first
DO
- Identify the main trends and features
- Use 15-20 minutes for the writing task 1
- Write an overview( information)
- Focus in the key features of the graph/ chart ( body 1 illustrate the key
features, body 2 demonstrate other information)
- Notice overall trends
- Use data( number) to support your description
- Use passive voice when appropriate
-
#homework: how to use the percentage with prepositions ( in, by, about,…)
Lexical resources
Roughly(adv)= approximately(adv)= about(adv)= a little above/under + number
Number of time eaten per year

The provided line chart

demonstrates the
accountance of 3 different
fast food being comsumed by the
adolescents of Australia every five-year period between 1975 and 2000, consist of
pizza, fish and chips, and hambugers.
 the provided chart presents data on the average number of ties per year
adolescents in Australia consumed three different
The average number of times per year

Income of 4 restaurants
Income in 000s dollars
In (thousands) of dollars

The suppiled line chart presents the data on the earnings of 4 different restaurants
in a city, in cluding the A, the B, the C, and the D in the year of 2010
The provided graph illustrate the income, in thousands of dollars, generated by
four different restaurants in an urban region-a,b,c and d-

the graph below shows the transportation of goods in the UK between 1974 and
2002
the suppiled line chart illustrates the way goods, accounting in millions of tons
being transported in the UK with four different types of transprotation in cluding
road, water, rail and pipeline in a four-year period of 28 years from 1974 to 2002

 the given line graph represents information on the amount of goods, measured
in millions of tonnes, transported by four different means of transportation- road,
water, rail and pipeline- in the UK between 1974 and 2002, categorized into four-
year intervals ( divided into four-year periods)
Take the lead(vp) dẫn đầu
Whereas (adv) while
Be priced(v) được định giá
The answer is clear and easy to follow
A clear central theme
Adequate(adj) suitable
Precise(adj) chính xác
Complex/ compound /simp sentence

Simp sentence – 1 clause

Compound sentence- 2 clauses (FANBOYS)
Complex sentence- 2 clausess
Sleep pattern
Promising(adj) đầy hứa hẹn
Parasite(n) kí sinh trùng
Commendation and warnings

The suppiled line chart illustrates the choice of fuel for heating, consisting of electricity and
natural gas, by homes, measured in percentage during construction year from before 1950 to
2010, which catergorized into 4 particular ten-year periods
Household(adj)
Specially(adv) to replace consist, include
Prior to … up untill… (from.. to..)
The percentage distribution(np) sự phân bố phần trăm
Period(n) = point(n)

Prepositions used with "percentage"

In 31% of cases percentage in is used
You can quantify some of your skills or achievements in percentages, others in a pie chart.
Total foreclosures are a large amount in dollar terms, but a tiny amount in percentage terms.
Whenever's there's less than 100 in a group talking about stats in percentages becomes kind of meaningless.
Bush in 2004 in percentages (44%) for a Republican that topped any Hispanic vote for any Republican in
history.
Should you cancel a confirmed booking, a cancellation fee in percentage of the total costs of the
booking will be charged.
Despite kaoru's assignment being in percentage, kenshin indirectly does partially exceed with the
configuration to experience, and kurogasa seems him.
Another surprise, the crisis has not stopped this movement: even in 2009, own funds increased in absolute
and in percentage, indicates the France Bank.
IT became a proven practice around Y2K, finance started taking off around five to seven years ago and we're
now seeing finance almost catch up with IT in percentage terms.

In 25% of cases percentage of is used

Panel c) Concordance plot of percentage change.
It refers to a list of percentages and asks about facts concerning that list.
The law of percentages says that a guy of his status will do damage at least 30 percent of the time.
The ranking, which was done on the basis of percentage in price indices in US dollar ($ ), placed Bulgaria and
Brazil ahead of Ghana with 200.
If you take a look at the two charts below, you'll notice that everything else is relatively the same save for a
few tenths of percentage points here and there.

In 14% of cases percentage on is used

They work on percentage profit.
If Geelong won, it would have been fighting with South for fourth place on percentage.
Central costs are recovered from participants based on percentage of transaction volumes.
Rankings are based on percentage of fiscal year revenue growth during the period from 2007-2011.
In this chart all characters are arranged in ascending order based on percentage of character frequency.

In 8% of cases percentage For is used

Such a definition of the allowed conversion for percentages is specified on the property definition.
Such a definition of the allowed conversion for percentages is specified on the property definition.

In 6% of cases percentage by is used

Was the Minister referring to spending on public services as measured by percentage of GDP? I don't think so.

In 5% of cases percentage save is used

In 2005-06 the Islanders used close to fifty players, his second half save percentage on that team was 919.

In 3% of cases percentage about is used

The more I think about percentages the less clear I am.
There may be misconception about percentage of relevant keyword or keyword density.

In 3% of cases percentage into is used

At first, it was like a joke, but the conversation took a strange dimension when he was asked to convert into
percentage the performance of his ministry in the current year.

In 3% of cases percentage to is used

But why leave it to percentages? Pick a far corner of the goal, left or right, doesn't matter.

In 2% of cases percentage like is used

Descendant elements with inherit the 2em and have line height relative to their font size? Kaashif: If
you use em units for line-height, they will operate like percentage units.

Task 2: the benefits of playing sport

An increasing plethora of individuals are engaging in sport in order to benefit their well-being.
Foremost, Sports, especially outdoor activities, plays an important role in reducing fats and also
contributes in promoting the strengtthen of the both physical and mental health. Namely, people
indulging in outdoor pursuits exhibit a propensity of having a better standard of psychological
and physical well-being than those do not and they also run a less risk of suffering cardiovascular
disease.
Foster(v)=promote
A plethora of (np)= a myriad of
An outstanding
Practical(adj) thực tế

Accorind to literacy
Indulge in(vp)= take part in
Indulging in outdoor pursuits facilities individual’s physical well-being
Regulate(v) control
Regulation(n)
Cardiovascular disease
Underestimated(adj) coi thường
Incentivize(v) = encourage
Better personal growth
Vigor(n) = well-being
Chief among these is
Boost(v) inncrease
Require(v) demand
Engage in / indulge in/ take part in/ participate in/join in
Enable(v)= help= allow ( bring forth benefits)
Every individual=people= every one
Every single individual( persuasive)
Persuade(v)
His own car/ his car
I do my homework/ i myself do my homework/ i do my homework ( by) myself.
Make use of (vp) tận dụng
Take advantage of ( vp) lợi dụng
Immune system(n) hệ miễn dịch
Metabolism(n)quá trình trao đổi chất
Digestive system
Circulation(n) hệ tuần hoàn
Blood circulatory system(n) = cardiovascular system(n) hệ tim mạch
Muscle depletion(n)xói mòn cơ
Muscle erosion
Infective(adj) mang tính lây nhiễm

The provided line graph illustrates 3 different type of spreads being comsumed, specifically
margarine, low-fat and reduced spreads and butter, which are measured in grams between 1981
and 2007

The provided bar chart presents the data of the unmemployment of young people between 15-24
years old and the overall unemployment in a variety of nations, specifically Poland, Italy,
Hungary, Germany, Denmark , being measured in percentage during the year 2005

On the proportion of = the adj+ rate

The provided bar chart presents the percentage-based data on male and female teachers engaging
in five different types of schools- nursey, primary school, secondary school, college, private
training institute, and university
 the provided bar chart illustrate the distribution, in terms of percentages, of male and female
teachers across five different types of educational institutions- nursey, primary school,
secondary school college, private traing institute, and university.the chart showcases the
participation of male and female teachers in each respective school category
# USE COMPLEX SENTENCE

Overview
1st sentence
From an observational perspective, it can be seen that
The most noticable aspect about the graph is that
It can be taken from the graph that
The data/ statistics reveal that
Over, it can be seen that
2nd sentence
It should be noted that
It can also be observed that
Another point worth mentioning is that
In addition, another salitent point is that
However,

The provided bar chart illustrates the number of visitors, being measured in millions visit 3
different airports, specifically John.F . Kenedy, LaGuardia and Newark for every year between
1995 and 2000
 the given bar chart illustrates the distribution, in terms of millions of passengers, of airport
visitors in the three airports- john.f .kenedy…. – over a span of six consecutive years, from 1995
to 2000
 the provided bar chart illustrates the distribution, measured in millions of passengers, of
airport visitors in three airports -…..

Three provided pie charts demonstrates the proprotion of different types of flavourite social
media , specifically Facebook, Twitter, Linkedln, google and pinterest over a span of three
consecutive years, from 2011 to 2013
the given pie charts present information on five distinct favorite social media platforms –
facebook, twitter, linkedln, google+, Pinterest- in the span of three consecutive years, starting
from 2011 to 2013
 the given pie charts present the information on the popularity of five distinct social media
platforms- ffacebook, twitter, linkedln, google+ and pinterest over a three-year span from 2011 to
2013

The provided

Writing Task 1- overview

Overview:
Report the key features of the graph/ diagram
o Line graph, bar chart, pie chart, table, …

At the first glance, it is obvious that the unemployment rate of young people between 15 and 24
years old of Poland is the highest and the lowest rate belongs to the overall unemployment of
Denmark in the chart.

Dynamic Overview:
 Focus: a dynamic overview emphasized the changes, trends, and patterns over a specific
time period
 Time Perspective: It considers the data’s evolution and variations over time
 Details: It includes specific data points, fluctuations, anf shiftsduring specificed time
frame
 Language: It uses dynamic vocabulary and verb tenses to describe changes and trends
 Example sentence: “overall, the consumption of renewable energy increased steadily
from 2005 to 2015, with a significant surge observed in the last three years”
Timeless/ Static overview:
 Focus: a timeless overview emphasizes the general picture and main features without
specific time- related details
 Time Perspective: It provides a broad perspective, ignoring the specific time period or
changes over time
 Details: It highlights the overall trends, major comparisons, and significant features of the
data
 Language: it uses general language and present simple tense to describe overall trends
and features
  Example Sentence: “in genereal, the majority of respondents preffered online shopping,
ehile tradditional retailhad a relatively smaller share of the market”
Overall, a dynamic overview provides a more general perspective on the overall trends and
features without specific time-related details

At first glance, it is obvious that the female teacher take the highest number in the pre-school
 upon intitial observation, it becomes clear that the representation of female teachers in
younger education is significantly higher compared to their male counterparts. Additionally, it is
noticable that males are more inclined to work in the remaining catergories

Body paragraph(dynamic)
Common mistakes
 Students use static vocabulary
 Students use adverbs and adj incorrectly
 Students use nouns and verbs incorrectly. Especially was increased
 Students mention the ‘line did this’ or ‘the line did that’ never do this
 Students see it as a race… first / second/ third place. Never do this
 Students don’t give firgures when they should
 Students only state the figure at the start and finish all the time
 Students list ideas with the same sentence structure
 Students give opinions. Just report on what you see. Dont give reasons why
  Pls dont be one of these students
1. static vocabulary
 Definition: static vocabulary refers to the use of language and vocabulary that describe
fixed or unchanging aspects of data
 Usage: it is used when discussing visual representations that display static information
without significant variations over time.
 Examples: “constant”, “consistent”, “uniform”, “unchanged”, “steady”,”unchanging
proportions”
2. dynamic vocabulary:
 Definition: dynamic vocabulary refers to the use of language and vocabulary that
accurately describe the changing trends, variations, and developments in a given context
 Usage: it is used when analyzing dynamic data represented in graphs, charts, or diagrams,
that show fluctuations and variations over time
 Examples: increased, decreased, fluctuated, surgeed, peaked, declined, gradually rose,
rapidly fell
o In summary, static vocabulary is used to describe fixed or unchanging aspects of
da ta, typically in visual representations with minimal variations. On the other
hand, dynamic vocabulary is used to describe the changing trends and fluctuations
observed in dynamic data over a specifc time period. It involves using words and
phrases that accurately reflect the evolving nature of the information being
presented

Body 1
Looking at the figures in the further detail, it is envident that spicy frotune was the biggest earner
in january, with a monthly income of roughly $160000. In the following months, its earnings
fluctuated between $120000 and $ 180000 then income sharply decreased in the latter two
months of the year ending with the lowest income in the December at nearly $5000. By
constrast, Delicacy had the lowest earnings in January at$30000. This was followed by a
fluctuation over the next ten months between $20000 and $40000. Subsequently, there was a
sudden increase in earings to around $120000 in the final month of the year

Body 2
Turning to the remaining statistics, the incomes of the other two restaurants went up varying
degrees. Regarding Grand Fiesta and Evening Paradise, their January firgues were significantly
different at $100000 and $ 50000, respectively. The former experienced a steady fall untill June,
but after that, income rose considerably to just under $140000 by December. Much like Grand
Fiesta, Evening Paradises income increased. From January to July, earings doubled from about
$50000 to nearly $100000 and ended the year with the highest income of approxiamately
$190000.

Writing task 1
Dynamic chart:
- Remain stable(vp) giữ nguyên
- Be a steadiness(vp) giữ nguyên
- Stand at(vp)
- A peak (n)điểm cao nhất
- To reach a peak(vp) đạt điểm thấp nhất
- Fall to / hit the lowest point(vp) rơi xuống điểm thấp nhấtThe figure for exported sugar
have witnessed/ seen a sharp rise
# percentage from to: số liệu từ .. đến..
E.g
The rate of incomes of B restaurant have significantly fluctuated during May to September
before reached to the peak for just a little under 200000 dollars in December
 the incomes of B restaurant experienced fluctuations ranging from 60,000 to approxiamately
80,000 dollars between June and October, before reaching its peak at around 190,000 dollars
D restaurant, from January to June, have witnessed a fluctuation and the incomes decreased from
about 180,000 dollars to around 130,000 dollars. After that stage, the rate remained stable
between june and November. Then
 looking looing ay the figures in fuether detauk, it is apparent that D restaurant started with the
highest uncome of about 160,000 dollarsin January. However,, after witnessing fluctuations
ranging form roughly 170,000 to just below 120,000 dollars, it saw a considerable fall to
approximately 40,00 dollars in December.
 Upon closer examination of the data, it becomes evident that D restaurant commenced with
the highest income, standing at approximately 160, 000 dollarsin January. However, following
Fuluctuating figures ranging from around 170,000 slightly below 120,000 dollar, it experienced a
significant decline, reaching aproximately 40,000 dollars in December.

Having a look at A restaurant, it is obvious that its incomes decreased gradually from January to
June with the lowest point is just a little above 80,000 dollars, compared with the earnings in
January for 100,000 dollars. Then, gradually increased during July to November with the peak of
the rate was about 110,000 dollars
Turning ot the remaining statistics, it is clear that incomes generated by A restaurant have
witnessed a gradual fall from roughly 100,000 to about 80,000 dollars during the first six months
of the year. Afterwards, the firgures gradually went up to a bit over 130,000 dollars in December.
Shifting focus to the remaining data, it is observable that A restaurant’s incomes underwent a
gradual decline, starting at approximately 100,000 dollars and reaching around 80,000 dollars
during the first six months of the year. However, folling this period, the figures gradually
increased and exceeded 130,000 dollars by December.
Figures
- 20%= one fifth
- 40%= two fifths
- 50%= one half
- 60% = three fifths
- 25%= one quater
- 33%= one third
- 42% = a little over two fifths
- 49%- 51%= approxiamately one half
- The data almost doubled/ tripled
Synomyn of approximately
- Just over
- More than
- About
- Almost
- around

Flutuated before they levelled off

Level off(v) =stabilized(v)

Upon closer examination of the data, it is observable that in the first three different types of
school, specifically Nursey, Primary school and secondary school, the number of female teachers
is higher than the male counterparts. In the nursey, the rate of women being teachers is
aproximately 98%. After that, the primary school hava a rate
 Upon closer analysis of the data, it becomes evident that a significant majority of teachers
employed in nursey and primary schools are females, comprising over 90 percent of the total.
Addtionally, it is worth noting that in secondary schools, there is a relatively lsmall gender
disparity. Males account for slightly less than half of the teachers, while females make up just
over half of the total
 after takingg a closer look at the data, it is clear that most teachers in nursey and primary
schools are women, making up more than 90 percent of the total. Another thing to mention is that
in secondary schools, there is not a big difference between the number of men and women. Men
account for slightly less than half of the teachers, while women make up just over half
1-10 chữ
Account for(vp) chiếm =Make up(vp)= Comprise(v)

Shifting focus on the remaining data, the male and female teachers who are teaching in the third
type of school, the college have the same rate on the statistic and being comprised for 50%.
Another thing to mention is the last two kind of shool including traing institute and university,
the number of male teachers outweighs the gender disparity. At the training institute, the rate of
male teachers is a little above the female counterparts, accounting for about 55 percent while the
women make up approximately 45 percent. While, in the university women are contributed to
about 30% of the statistic as well as 70% in men
shifting focus to the remaining statistics, it is noteworthy that in colleges, an equal distribution
is observed between male and their female counterparts, with both groups representing 50
percent each. Additionally, males are more inclined to work in training institutes and universities,
comprising slightly over a half and approxiamately 70 percent repectively.
Turning to the remaining statistics, it is worth mentiioning that in the colleges, there is an equal
number of male and female teachers, with both groups making up 50 percent each. Besides, it is
interesting to see that more men tend to work in traing institutes, accounting for just over half of
the teachers there, while in universities, they make up around 70 percent of the total
Noteworthy(adj)
An equal distribution(np)

Comparative structures
More/ fewer/les + S+than +S+V+O
 more males than females drank beer
Adv+ more/fewer/ less +S+than +S+V+O
slightly fewer males than females were crazy
A+adv+greater/lesser+number/proportion/amount of +S +V+O+than+O
a slightly lesser number of teenagers loved Blankpink than BTS
Adv+more/fewer/less+S were/was+past participle+(by/in) +O+than+O
Noticeably less teachers were shot by boys than by girls
A+ adv+greater/lesser +number/amount/proportion of S were/was + past participle(by/in)
+o+than

Comparative structure 2
S+was/were+ adv + more/ less +adj+prep +O +than + O
 road accidents were far more common in thailand than Laos
S+ was/were+ adv+more/ less +adj+than +S +among +O
Black Pink were considerably more popular than BTS among teenagers
S+V +adv+ more/fewer/ less +(O) than +S+V
Hanoians ate slightly more pho than Saigonese did
superlative structures
Adv+ the most/ least +adj +s+prep+ O +was/were+SC
clearly the least popular music in Vietnam was K-pop
S+ was/were+adv +the +most/least +adj+S+prep+O

Adv+as/many/few/much /little +S+as+S+V+O

Types of maps
1. 1 map of present
2. 2 maps- present and future
3. 2 maps- past and present
TIPS for MAPS
 time labels give you clues about the tenses you use

MAPS ( things being changed that can be used in the maps)

- purposes
 understanding the purposes helps to provide a clear and insightful analysis of the map.
For example, you can describe areas designated for residental purposes, commercial
zones, educational institutions, recreational facilities or transportations hubs
 - numbers
- number peovide specific and quantitative information that adds depth and accuracy to
your description. You can focus on numbers such as distances, measurements, quantities,
population figures, or percentages. For instance, you may discuss the length of the road,
the size of buildings or parks, the population density of different areas, or the percentage
of land allocated for specific purposes
- Replacement
- This includes noting any alterations or additions to, ot other buildings, roads. Landmarks
elements depicted on the maps
- Removal
- This refers to any selements or features that have been taken away or eliminated from the
depicted area. It could binvolve the removal of buildings, structures, natural features, or
other components that were present in an earlier version of the map. Describing the
removal of features provides valuable insights into the changes that have occurred over
time and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the map’s transformation.
Useful verbs for maps
Buildings
 Demolished: the industrial estate was demolished and developed into a sports ground by
the local community
 Knocked-down: the shops were knocked-down and replaced with a skyscpaper
 Flattened: the factory in the city centre was flattened and relocated to the north of the
city
 Replaced with: the old warehouses were completely replaced with new hotels
 Renovated( phục hồi) : the old buildings were completely renovated
 Built: a new factory was built north of the residental area
 Constructed: a harbor was constructed at the edge of the river
 Reconstructed: the school was completely recontrusted after the passing of the hurricane
 Developed into: the industrial estate was demolished and developed into a sports ground
by the local community
 Extended: the school was extended by adding 2 more buildings
 Expanded: the residential area south-east by constructing 3 more homes
 Relocated to: the factory in the city sentre was flattened and relocated to thenorth of the
city
 Converted into: the factory was converted into apartments
 Modernized: the infrastructures was modernized by converting the dirt roads into
concrete streets
Useful noouns for maps
 Undeveloped land
 Green space
 Residental/ commercial / office+ building
 Village/ town/ suburb
 Metropolis/ metropolitian area
 Countryside/ farmland/ agricultural land / fields
 Wooded area/ green space / forest
 River-mouth/ river-bank
 (detached/ semi-detached/ terraced) residences / housing
 Residential/ commercial / industrial/ tourist/ +area / district/ quater/ property/
development/ facilities/ zone
 Educational institution
 Sports arena/ stadium
 Recreational/ medical/ entertainment + facilities/centre
 Transporttation hub
 Warehouse/ storage facilities
 Industrial/ manufactoring plant
 Track/ path/footpath
 Road/ street / cul-de-sac



Some people say free time activities for children should be organized by parents. Others say that children
should be free to choose what they do in their free time. discuss both view and give your own opinion.
Introduction:
Rephrase the topic and give your answers.
 One school of thought say that parents should be responsible for organizing pursuit activities for their
children, while others debate that leisure activities should be the choice of children. In this essay, I will
discuss both views and describe my own opinion

Assign someone to sth(v) giao việc

Determine(v)
Divisive(adj) gây tranh cãi
Controversial(adj) gây tranh cãi
Advocate for someone to infinitive(v) ủng hộ trong việc gì đó
Avocate(n) người ủng hộ
Spark a debate
Leisure pursuit(n)
Valid (v) khía cạnh (hợp lí)
Be exposed to (vp) tiếp xúc
Parental organization(n)
Structured activity(n)
Cultivate(v) ( personal growth) = develop but put more efforts
Bear the responsibility(vp)
Assert(

 the question of how children should spend their free time has sparked a debate, with some arguing that
parents should organize activities for their children, while others advocate for children to have the
freedom to choose their own leisure pursuits. Both perspectives present valid arguments, and this essay
will explore views before offering a personal opinion

Paragraph
120-140
 Point ( not to specific) ( simple sentence)
 Illustration ( compound sentence)
 Example ( complex sentence)
 Link(complex sentence)

Cause – effect

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