PARAGRAPH WRITING

I. Advantages - disadvantages paragraph

1. Advantage
On the one hand, there are various advantages of .........
First and foremost, .................. To explain for this, ..............
Moreover/ Furthermore, ............... In fact, ............
Finally, ............. For example, ................................
2. Disadvantage
On the other hand, ......... can be negative in several ways.
The first drawback is that ....... For example, ..........
Furthermore, ............ It means that ........./ It is undeniable that .................
Finally/ Last but not least, ............... For instance, ....................

Sample
Online learning:
On the one hand, there are a variety of merits of distance learning courses. The first and most obvious
advantage is that it offers a convenient way of approaching the knowledge. It means that students can
attend virtual classes from the comfort of their homes instead of going to traditional classes, which
enables them to save a significant amount of time and cost of transportation. An additional positive
aspect is that it opens up more educational opportunities. For example, students can get access to a huge
number of free English online courses which are offered by prestigious universities all over the world.
Last but not least, online learners can experience engaging lessons with the application of modern
technology. It is obvious that online lessons are often designed with colourful images, lively sound and
interesting videos, which can attract the attention of learners. For instance, some children become
interested in learning online English lessons on some applications such as doulingo, cake, and so on as
they can play several funny games or participate in some interactive activities.

On the other hand, there are several negative aspects of attending virtual classes. The first downside is
that online learners have limited social interaction during their learning process. While students in
traditional classes can discuss some topics with their classmates, online learners can only chat on their
computers and interact with teachers via emails. Another drawback is that it is hard for online learners
to receive the guidance and assistance from their instructors. If students encounter some problems in
online classes, they can not receive detailed explanation from teachers. Last but not least, students may
easily get distracted from their learning process because of some external factors. For instance, some
students may chat with their friends on social networking sites or play funny games while they are

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attending online classes. As a result, this method of learning requires learners to have motivation and
self-discipline in their learning process so that they can achieve a high learning outcome.

Write a paragraph to discuss the benefits of doing community activities.

There are several positive aspects of doing community activities. The first and most obvious benefit is
that they can assist other people in the community. For example, some youngters can go to the healthcare
center to help the elderly or the disabled people to do their daily task. Besides, they can donate some
money or clothes to help the children who live in mountainous areas. An additional advantage is that
they can become more independent and confident in their personal lives. When they participate in some
community activities, they can enhance their social skills such as communication, time management or
problem solving skills, which are really necessary for their future life. Last but not least, doing
community service enables people to expand their social network. They can build a good relationship
with some people who share their common interests. They can learn a lot of meaningful lessons from
them and receive their assistance in the future.

Write a paragraph about the benefits of learning history

On the one hand, studying history provides numerous benefits for young people. First and foremost, it
allows them to gain a deeper understanding of past events. It means that they can understand how their
ancestors fought against foreign invaders to secure the nation’s independence. Furthermore, history
promotes critical thinking by encouraging youngsters to analyze multiple perspectives and sources.
Rather than just memorizing facts, they explore the causes of historical events and their lasting effects
on society. In addition, to individuals, understanding the past can develop a sense of pride and patriotism
among people and make them more appreciate the present life. Last but not least, history offers valuable
lessons that guide people in making informed decisions for a more promising future. For example, by
studying historical events such as economic crises, political conflicts, or social movements, policymakers
can propose some strategies that address current challenges more effectively.

On the one hand, city life offers a variety of benefits to citizens. The first and most obvious advantage
is that city-dwellers have a higher standard of living. People living in cities can be provided with higher
quality health care service because central hospitals equipped with modern technologies and employing
highly qualified doctors are often in cities rather than the countryside. An additional benefit is that people
living in urban areas can have more employment opportunities with much higher salaries. It is true that
more factories and big companies which offer well-paid jobs are located in big cities. As a result, people
find it easier to look for work. Last but not least, urban inhabitants can benefit from better education.
The education system from kindergartens to universities in cities are far better than that in rural areas

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because a great deal of money is invested in modernizing facilities and recruiting excellent teachers.
Besides, there are more top colleges and universities in cities.

On the other hand, there are several drawbacks of urban life. The first downside is that city-dwellers may
face the problem of environmental pollution. The exhaust fumes from factories and vehicles may
seriously pollute the air and cause some health problems for citizens. They may take risk of suffering
from some serious diseases such as lung cancer, respiratory diseases, etc. Another negative aspect of
urban life is that people suffer from the traffic congestion. As a large number of private means of transport
commute on the road at the same time, city residents may get stuck in traffic jam in rush hours. Finally,
people have to deal with high living cost in urban areas. Inhabitants of cities have to pay higher prices
for housing, transport, and even food. For example, city residents who have the average income may find
it hard to buy houses or apartments in the city center.

On the one hand, the internet brings plenty of benefits to users. One of the obvious advantages is that it
promotes the communication in the modern life. For instance, people can keep in touch with their friends
and families through emails and social networking websites. Furthermore, the Internet also offers
various ways of entertainment. For example, users can get access to some websites to play interesting
games and watch funny movies, which brings them minutes of relaxation. Besides, the Internet allow
users to update information about different aspects in their life quickly and conveniently. For instance,
users in my country can read the latest news about current events on some websites such as vietnamnews
or dantri.com, etc. Last but not least, the Internet also enables users to broaden their knowledge. It means
that they can attend online courses on some websites to gain valuable knowledge about different aspects
in their life.

On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of using the Internet. One of the first drawbacks is that
it may distract people from their work or study. If they spend too much time using the websites, they will
not focus on their work and their work efficiency will decrease. Furthermore, it may affect their
communication ability negatively. Because of extreme focusing on cell phones or computers to access
the Internet, people no longer want to spend time with their true friends and their families.Finally, using
the Internet can leave harmful effects on users’ health. People who often access the Internet by mobile
phone or laptop may suffer from eye diseases such as short-sightedness.

II. Problem – solution paragraph

1. Problem
There are a variety of problems of ……………………….
The first and most obvious problem is that ……………

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Another problem is that ………….
……… also causes + Noun
2. Solution
There are several steps that could be taken to deal with the problems described above.
( Measures should be taken in order to address the problem …..)
Firstly, this problem could be solved by + V-ing
A second measure would be ………………….
Finally, dealing with this issue involves + V-ing
Overall, although …….. is a serious issue, there are steps that governments and individuals can take
to reduce its effects.

Environmental problems
There are several ways that humans are damaging the environment. One of the most serious problems
is that humans are constructing more factories and buildings in the city centers due to the process of
industrialization and modernization. Gas emissions from factories may seriously pollute the air and lead
to global warming, which may have a devastating effect on the planet in the future. As a result, in recent
years there has been a significant increase in the number of natural disasters such as droughts, storms,
flood, earthquake, and so on. Another concerning issue is that humans are producing a greater quantity
of waste, which contaminates the earth and pollutes rivers and oceans. Besides, authorities do not apply
effective measures to process the waste in their country. The final problem is that the overexploitation
of natural resources and deforestation also cause a lot of damage to our planet. It is undeniable that
humans are destroying forests so that they can make use of the wood to construct buildings. It leads to
the imbalance of the ecosystem and causes environmental pollution.

Measures should be taken in order to address these environmental problems. The first solution is that
the government could encourage citizens to use public transport by upgrading the facility and improving
the service. By this way, they can reduce the number of vehicles commuting on the road and reduce the
amount of harmful pollutants in the atmosphere. Another measure is that the authorities could introduce
laws to limit emissions from factories and force companies to use renewable energy such as solar, wind,
water power. Last but not least, individuals can change their habits such as limiting the consumption of
plastic bags, recycling the products, and so on. Besides, they can install some solar panels on the roof of
their houses or use energy-efficient light bulbs, which helps to reduce the consumption of electricity.

People living in urban areas encounter several difficulties. One of the most pressing problems facing
people who live in cities is the high property prices. In many cities, buying a house near the centre is
out of reach for people on the average salary, and they are forced to live outside the city and to

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commute into work. Another issue is traffic congestion. Most big cities are overrun with cars and
motorbikes. People often get stuck in traffic jams especially during rush hours. Last but not least,
people living in major cities have to deal with environmental problems. For instance, air pollution is a
common issue in big cities as cars and motorbikes release carbon dioxide emissions. As a consequence,
more and more people are suffering from respiratory diseases such as asthma.

Measures could be taken in order to tackle the issues of living in cities. In the first place, it is for
the government to put more resources into the construction of affordable housing, which would
allow more people to buy their own home. Secondly, this problem could be addressed by
imposing taxes on drivers who enter the city centre, thereby cutting the number of vehicles on the
road. Finally, the way forward must be to make public transport more reliable and efficient. For
example, the government could invest more money in upgrading trains and buses infrastructure
and improving customer service. This would encourage more people to use public transport, thus
reducing traffic jams and air pollution.

III. Cause – effect paragraph

1. Cause
There are a variety of reasons why ……. has happened.
One of the main causes of the problem is ………………..
Another reason is that ……………
A final possible cause of this issue is …………………
2. Effect
……….. has brought about a great number of consequences
One of the most serious effects of ……… is
The second negative impact is ……………….
……. also causes ……………….

Traffic jam
There are a variety of reasons why people suffer from the traffic jams in urban areas. The first and most
obvious reason is that a large number of people migrate to urban areas to search for better employment
opportunities. It leads to the drastic increase in the means of private vehicles in urban
centers. As a result, people tend to get stuck in the traffic jam in rush hours, which makes them waste a
long time commuting on the road and suffer from stress. Another factor leading to this situation is the
poor development of the transportation system. It is true that most roads are so narrow that they can not
accommodate an increasing number of citizens in urban areas. The public transportation system may be
of bad quality, which can not encourage citizens to use its service more regularly. For example, most of

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buses are not well-equipped with modern devices such as air conditioners or comfortable seats. Last but
not least, some people have a bad awareness when they commute on the road. For example, some
commuters may violate the traffic rules such as running the red light, driving in the wrong lane, and so
on. They may cause some accidents on the roads, which also leads to the traffic congestions in urban
areas

Measures should be taken in order to address the problem of traffic congestions in urban areas.
The first solution may be that the government should promote the use of public transport. It means that
the authorities could encourage citizens to use public transport more regularly by improving the service
or upgrading the facility. Another possible measure may be that the government should allocate their
financial resources to develop the transportation system. For example, the authorities can widen the road
and constructs more tunnels, overpasses to ease the traffic intensity in urban areas. Last but not least, it
is advisable that the governments can propose some policies to move the factories, companies to the
outskirts of cities. As a consequence, it helps to reduce the pressure on urban centers and mitigate the
problem of traffic congestion in big cities.
Obesity

There are various reasons why a large number of children suffer from obesity in our modern society. One
of the most obvious reasons is that children have an unhealthy diet. Due to the atttractive advertisement
in the fast food restaurant, they have a tendency of eating too much fast food, which contain a lot of
sugar, fat and preservatives. Consuming this kind of food for a long time may lead to the drastic increase
in their weight and some health problems. Another reason for this issue is that children have a less active
lifestyle. It means that children would prefer to play some computer games and watch television rather
than play sports or do some outdoor activities. Finally, the fact that parents do not control their children’s
eating habits also causes this problem. Due to their busy work at their company, parents may buy take-
away or fast food instead of cooking at home. Besides, some parents do not educate their children about
the importance of good eating habits.

The consequences of obesity are really serious. First of all, children who become overweight may
experience some health problems. To explain for this, they may suffer from some serious diseases such
as heart diseases or diabetes, which leave harmful effects on their health. Moreover, these children may
become inconfident and less active in their daily life. For example, they may be bullied and humiliated
by some bad friends because of their appearance. These obese children may not feel confident to
participate in some extra-curricular activities at their school. As a result, they will lose a lot of
opportunities to prove their ability.

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