THE TENSES

Tashkent 2022
 1. The Present Simple Tense
(Hozirgi oddiy zamon)
Ishlatilishi:
1. Ish-harakat va voqea hodisaning doimiy ravishda takrorlanib bajarilishini
ko’rsatadi;
I get up at 7 o’clock every day.
2. Doim sodir bo’ladigan tabiat faktlari;
The sun sets in the west.
3. Jadval asosidagi ish harakatlar uchun;
The plane from Brussels arrives at 8
4. Jonli sport sharhlarida;
Peterson overtakes Williams and wins the race!
5. Ko’rsatma yoki yo’nalish berishda;
You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza and then you bake it

Payt ravishlari:
1. Often – tez – tez
2. Seldom – kamdan – kam
3. Usually – odatda
4. Sometimes – ba’zida
5. Always – har doim
6. Generally – umuman olganda, odatda
7. Rarely – kamdan – kam
8. On Mondays , Tuesdays…. – dushanba kunlari , seshanba kunlari…
9. Every day ( week, month, year ) – har kuni ( hafta, oy , yil )
10.Frequently – tez - tez
11.From time to time – vaqti
12.Normally - odatda

Yasalishi:
1. Darak shakli: Subject + Verb (s) + Object.
Note: 3-shaxs birlikdagi egalarga ( he, she, it) -s qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi.
I like a car. He likes a car.
2. So’roq gap: Do/ does + Subject + Verb + Object
 Do you wear sunglasses in the winter ?
Does she read the book every day ?
3. Inkor shakli: Subject + do/does +not +Verb + Object.
I don’t work every day.
Note: I do not = I don’t He does not = He doesn’t
Note: Inkor ma’no beruvchi so’zlar qatnashgan gaplarda NOT yuklamasi
ishlatilmaydi. Ular quydagilar:
1. Hardly
2. Never
3. Seldom
4. Almost never
5. Hardly ever
It hardly ever rains in summer.

2. The Present Continuous Tense

(Hozirgi davomli zamon)
Ishlatilishi:
1. Ish – harakat yoki voqea hodisaning aynan hozir , biz gapirib turgan paytda
davom etib bajarilayotganini , sodir bo’layotganini bildiradi;
I am speaking now.
2. Vaqtinchalik vaziyatlar uchun;
I am looking for new job these days.
3. O’zgarayotgan va rivojlanayotgan vaziyatlar uchun;
More and more species are becoming extinct.
4. Jahli chiqib yoki hayratlanib gapirayotganda; Bu paytda quydagi so’zlar
bilan ishlatiladi: ALWAYS , CONSTANTLY , FOREVER , CONTINUALLY va bu
so’zlar o’zbek tiliga NUQUL , QAYTA VA QAYTA deb tarjima qilinadi.
You are always interrupting me when I am talking.(Men gapirayotgan
paytimda nuqul sen menga xalaqit berasan.)
5. Hozirgi zavomli zamon kelasi zamon ish – harakatini ham ifodalab kelishi
mumkin va bu holatda hozirgi davomli zamon kelasi zamon payt ravishlari
bilan ham qo’llanishi ham mumkin. Inson bu ish harakatini oldindan
rejalashtirib, kelishib quygan vaziyat uchun ishlatadi.
I am going to Tashkent tomorrow.
Payt ravishlari:
1. Now - hozir
2. At the moment – ayni paytda
3. At present - hozirda
4. Right now - hozir
5. Nowadays- shu kunlarda
6. Still - haliyam
7. These days – shu kunlarda
8. Currently – ayni paytda
9. For the time being - hozirda
10.For now - hozir
11.Today- bugun
12.This day, week ,month , year – bu kun, hafta, oy, yil

Yasalishi:
1. Darak shakli : Subject + am/is/are + Verb ing +Object.
He is giving the baby a bath at the moment.
2. So’roq shakli : am/ is /are + Subject +Verb ing +Object?
Are you listening now ?
3. Inkor shakli : Subject +am/is are +not +Verb ing +Object.
They are not walking at the moment.

Note: You are = you’re are not = aren’t

He is = he’s is not =isn’t
I am =I’m I am not = I’m not
Note: ayrim his tuyg’uni ifodalovchi va holat fe’llari davomli zamonda
ishlatilmaydi. Ular quydagilar :
1. Like 13. Seem
2. Love 14. Taste
3. Think 15. Smell
4. Remember 16. Believe
5. Understand 17. Notice
6. Hate 18. Look
7. Want 19. Sound
8. Mean 20. Know
9. Realize 21. Weigh
 10. Enjoy 22. Fix
11. See 23. Have
12. Hear 24. Be
Note: Ammo ayrim so’zlar ma’noning o’zgarishiga qarab davomli zamonda
ishlatiladi:
1. Think – fikr bildirmoq – ishlatilmaydi
Think – o’ylamoq – ishlatiladi
2. Taste – ta’m bermoq – ishlatilmaydi
Taste –ta’tib ko’rmoq – ishlatiladi
3. See – ko’rmoq , tushunmoq – ishlatilmaydi
See – uchrashmoq – ishlatiladi.
4. Smell – hid taratmoq – ishlatilmaydi
Smell – hidlab ko’rmoq – ishlatiladi
5. Look – ko’rinmoq , tuyilmoq – ishlatilmaydi
Look – qaramoq – ishlatiladi
6. Feel - …ga o’xshamoq – ishlatilmaydi
Feel – ushlab ko’rmoq – ishlatiladi
7. Have –bor bo’lmoq – ishlatilmaydi
Have – birikmali holatda – ishlatiladi
8. Weigh – vaznga ega – ishlatilmaydi
Weigh – o’lchamoq – ishlatiladi
9. Fix – mos tushmoq – ishlatilmaydi
Fix – o’rnatmoq – ishlatiladi
10.Be – bo’lmoq – ishlatilmaydi
Be – o’zini tutmoq, bo;lib bormoq – ishlatiladi

Note: Quyidagi so’zlar ham Present simple da ham Present Continuous da

ishlatilishi mumkin. Bir xil ma’no bildiradi.
1. Look – qaramoq
2. Feel – his qilmoq
3. Hurt – og’rimoq
4. Ache – og’rimoq

Lekin bu fe’llar Present simple payt ravishlari bilan faqat Present simple da
ishlatiladi.
 3. The Present Perfect Tense
( Hozirgi tugallangan zamon)
Ishlatilishi :
1. Oldin boshlanib yaqindagina tugagan va natijasi ko’z o’ngimizda ko’rinib
turgan ish harakat uchun ishlatiladi ( ya’ni ish harakat o’tgan zamonda
boshlangan va hozirgi zamonda tugab , natijasi ko’rinib turibdi. Na o’tgan
zamonga na hozirgi zamonga tegishli);
I have done this exercise
2. Inson hayoti davomida qilgan ish harakatlarining hisob kitobini olganda
ishlatiladi bunday paytda EVER bilan so’roq gap tuzamiz;
Have you ever been to China?
3. Yaqindagina bo’lib o’tgan yangiliklarning xabarini yetkazishda ham
ishlatamiz. O’sha xabarni to’liq aytib berish uchun esa PAST SIMPLE dan
foydalanamiz.
The number of the unemployed has reached five million.

Payt ravishlari :
1. Just – hozirgina
2. Already – allaqachon
3. Yet – haligacha
4. Lately – yaqinda , shu kunlarda
5. Recently – yaqinda , shu kunlarda
6. So far – shu kunlarda
7. Up to now – shu vaqtgacha
8. By now – shu paytgacha
9. Up to now – shu paytgacha
10.In the last few days – o’tgan bir necha kun ichida
11.Today – bugun
12.Never – hech qachon
13.Ever – boshqa hech
14.Since - …dan beri
15.For - …dan beri
16. In my lifetime – hayotim davomida
17.Several times – bir necha marta
18. Many times – ko’p marta
19. Once , twice , three times in my lifetime – hayotimda bir , ikki , uch marta
20.For ages – ancha vaqtdan beri
 Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + have \has +Verb 3 (ed ) + Object.
Jack has already arrived home.
They have just bought a new car.
2. So’roq shakli : Have\ has + Subject + Verb 3 (ed )
Has Jack already arrived home?
Have they just bought a new car?
3. Inkor shakli : Subject +have \ has +not +Verb 3 ( ed )
Jack has not arrived home yet.
They have not bought a new car yet.

Notes :
1. have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t

2. Been to – borib kelgan , bo’lib qaytgan

Gone to – ... ga jo’nab ketgan ya’ni ketgan lekin hali qaytmagan
He has been to Spain. He has gone to Spain.
3. For - … dan beri – qancha muddat davom etganini bildiradi
We have been in Tashkent for two years.
Since - … dan beri – qachondan boshlanganini bildiradi
We have been in Tashkent since 2020
4. Yet – inkor va so’roq gaplarning oxirida keladi.

I haven’t finished yet. Have you found the answer yet?

4. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

(Hozirgi tugallangan davomli zamon )
Ishlatilishi :
1. Oldin boshlanib hozirgacha davom etgan va yana davom etish ehtimoli
bo’lgan ish harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi.

I have been translating this text since yesterday.

Payt ravishlari :
1. For a long time – ancha vaqtdan beri
2. For long – ancha vaqtdan beri
3. In the past few hours ( day , week , years) – o’tgan bir necha soatdan beri
4. All day ,week, months, years – kun bo’yi ,butun bir hafta,…

Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + have\has + been + Verb ing + Object.
Nick has been working here for the last few years.
2. So’roq shakli : have \ has + Subject + been + Verb ing + Object ?
Has Nick been working here for the last few years?
3. Inkor shakli : Subject + have \ has +not + been + Verb ing + Object.
Nick hasn’t been working here for the last few years.

Notes :
1. Present Perfect ayrim payt ravishlarini Present Perfect Continuousda ham
ishlatsa bo’ladi.
I have been reading this book since last week.
2. Bu zamonda ham mavhum fe’llarni ishlata olmaymiz.( like,love,feel…)
3. Quyidagi fe’llar Present Perfect da ham Present Perfect Continuous da
ham farqsiz ishlatiladi:
 Study
 Live
 Work
 Teach
 Feel
 Learn
He has been living = he has lived
They have been working here = they have worked here
I have been studying at University = I have studied at University
He has been learning English = he has learned English

.
 5. The Past Simple Tense
( o’tgan oddiy zamon )
Ishlatilishi :
1. Ish harakat yoki voqea hodisaning biz gapirayotgan vaqtdan oldin ya’ni
o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lganini bildiradi;
She lived in Samarkand last year.
2. Vafot etgan insonlar hayoti haqida yoki qilgan ishlari haqida
gapirganimizda ishlatiladi. Ammo hali tirik insonlar hayoti haqida , qilgan
ishlari haqida gapirganimizda esa PRESENT PERFECT dan foydalanamiz.
William Shakespeare wrote “ Romeo and Juliet”

Payt ravishlari :
1. Yesterday – kecha
2. Yesterday morning , afternoon , evening – kecha ertalab, abetda , kechda
3. The other day – o’tgan kun
4. Last week – o’tgan hafta
5. Last month – o’tgan oy
6. Last year – o’tgan yil
7. Last season – o’tgan fasl
8. The other before yesterday – kechadan oldingi kun
9. Ago – oldin – muddat bilan keladi
10. Before – oldin – muddat bilan kelmaydi
I worked two years ago
I worked before
Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + Verb 2 ( ed ) + Object.
2. We went to the park last week.
My father worked in hospital before.
3. So’roq shakli : Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
Did they go to the park last week ?
Did your father work in hospital before ?
4. Inkor shakli : Subject + did + not + Verb 1 + Object.
We didn’t go to the park last week.
My father didn’t work in hospital before.
Note : O’tgan oddiy zamon to’g’ri va noto’g’ri tuslanadigan fe’llarning 2 – shakli
ya’ni past infinitive ( verb2) shakli bilan darak shakli yasaladi. To’g’ri fe’llarga
–ed , - d qo’shimchalari qo’shiladi , noto’g’ri fe’llarning esa o’zagi o’zgarib
ketadi.

Infinitive ( verb 1) Past infinitive ( verb2)

To go went
To do Did
To buy Bought
To see Saw

6. The Past Continuous Tense

( O’tgan davomli zamon )
Ishlatilishi :
1. O’tgan zamonda aniq bir vaqt oralig’ida davom etgan ish harakat uchun
ishlatiladi.
He was playing tennis at 4.30 yesterday.

Payt ravishlari :
1. This time yesterday – kecha shu paytda
2. At 2 o’clock yesterday – kecha soat 2 da
3. From 3 till 4 yesterday – kecha soat 3 dan 4 gacha
4. In May last year – o’tgan yili may oyida
5. All day yesterday – kecha kun bo’yi

Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + was \ were + Verb ing + Object.
I was doing my homework from 5 until 8 yesterday.
2. So’roq shakli : Was \ were + Subject + Verb ing + Object?
Were you doing your homework from 5 until 8 yesterday ?
3. Inkor shakli : Subject + was \ were + not + Verb ing + Object.
I wasn’t doing my homework from 5 until 8 yesterday.
 7. The Past Perfect Tense
( O’tgan tugallangan zamon)
Ishlatilishi :
1. O’tgan zamonda biron bir ish harakatdan ham oldin sodir bo’lgan ish
harakat uchun ishlatiladi;
I had worked by 5 yesterday.

Payt ravishlari :
1. By – qadar , …gacha
2. Yet – hali hanuz
3. By this time last year – o’tgan yili shu vaqtgacha
4. By this time yesterday – kecha shu vaqtgacha

Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + had + Verb 3 ( ed ) + Object.
My mother had cooked dinner by 2 o’clock yesterday.
2. So’roq shakli : Had + Subject + Verb 3 ( ed ) + Object ?
Had my mother cooked dinner by 2 o’clock yesterday.
3. Inkor shakli : Subject + had + not + Verb 3 ( ed ) + Object.
My mother hadn’t cooked dinner by 2 o’clock yesterday.

8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

( O’tgan tugallangan davomli zamon)
Ishlatilishi :
1. O’tgan zamonda biron bir ish harakatgacha davom etib tugagan ish
harakat uchun ishlatiladi.
I had been sleeping all day .
2. O’tgan zamondan oldin boshlangan ish harakatlarni o’tgan zamonda
tugallanmasdan davom etib bajarilganligini , sodir etilganligini
ko’rsatadi.
The ground was wet and muddy. It had been raining.

Payt ravishlari :
 Past Perfect ning payt ravishlarini qo’llasa bo’ladi.
Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + had + been + Verb ing + Object.
I found the calculator. I had been looking for it for ages.
2. So’roq shakli : Had + Subject + been + Verb ing + Object.
3. Inkor shakli : Subject + had +not + been + Verb ing + Object.

9.The Future Simple Tense

(Kelasi oddiy zamon )
Ishlatilishi :
1. Ish harakat va voqea hodisaning kelasi zamonda bajarilishi yoki sodir
bo’lishi mumkinligini , ehtimoli borligini ko’rsatadi.
I will do it.
2. Quydagi gaplardan keyin ham Future Simple ishlatiladi.
I expect
I ‘m sure
I think
I wonder
I hope
I’m sure you will win
3. Quydagi so’zlardan keyin ham Future Simple ishlatiladi.
Swear – qasam ichmoq
Promise – va’da bermoq
Offer – taklif qilmoq
Threat – do’q urmoq
Guarantee – kafolat bermoq

Payt ravishlari :
1. Tomorrow – ertaga
2. The day after tomorrow – ertadan keyin
3. Tonight – bugun kechqurun
4. Soon – shu zahoti
5. Next week , month , year – kelasi hafta , oy , yil
6. In the future – kelajakda
Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + will + Verb + Object.
One day I will be rich.
2. So’roq shakli : Will + Subject + Verb + Object ?
Will you go to the cinema tomorrow ?
3. Inkor shakli : Subject + will + not + Verb + Object.
I will not go to the cinema tomorrow.
Notes :
1. Probably – ehtimol ushbu so’z kelasi zamon inkor gapida 2 xil ko’rinishga
ega:
You probably won’t win.
You will probably not win.
2. Yes \ No qisqa so’roq gaplarda esa probably doim will dan oldin keladi.
Will you go ? Yes , I probably will. No , I probably won’t
3. Will not = won’t
4. On time – soatlar asosida bo’ladigan ish harakat uchun ishlatiladi.
In time – aniq soati bo’lmaydigan ish harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi.

To be going to – moqchi (Subject + am\is\are + going to + Verb)

 Kelajakda bajarishga niyat qilingan ish harakat uchun ishlatiladi.

Jack is saving money. He is going to buy a car.
 Hech qanday rejalashtirilmagan lekin ko’rinib turgan , bor faktlar asosida
bajarilishi va sodir bo’lishi aniq bo’lgan ish harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi.
There are black clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
 Kelasi zamonda bajariladigan ish harakatning oldindan
rejalashtirilganligini, maqsad yoki orzu qilinganligni ko’rsatadi va kelasi
zamon ish harakatlariga nisbatan qo’llanilib kelasi zamon payt
ravishlarini talab etadi.
I’m going to the library tomorrow.
 To be going to so’z birikmasining o’rnida qo’llana oladigan so’z
birikmalari:
To be to + verb
To be on the point of + Verb ing
To be about to + Verb
To be due to + Verb
Note :
Will va to be going to so’z birikmasining bi biridan farqi:
1. To be going to – bajarilishi oldindan rejalashtirilgan, ancha paytdan beri
niyat maqsad qilib yurilgan ish harakat uchun ishlatiladi.
2. Will – biron bir ish harakatni bajarish fikri hozir paydo bo’lganligi , biron
bir ishni suhbat jarayonida bajarishga qaror qilganlikni ifodalaydi.

Note : to be going to so’z birikmasining o’tgan zamon shakli bo’lishi kutilgan va

niyat qilingan ammo amalga oshmay qolgan ish harakat uchun ishlatiladi.
I was going to learn Spanish but I changed my mind.

10.The Future Continuous Tense.

( Kelasi davomli zamon)
Ishlatilishi :
1. Kelasi davomli zamon kelasi zamonda aniq bir vaqt oraligida davom
etadigan ish harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi.
I will be working in my office at 4.
2. Kelajakda kelishilgan va rejalashtirilgan ish harakat uchun ishlatiladi.
I will be seeing him tomorrow.
Bunday paytda Future Continuous o’rniga Present Continuous ishlatilishi
ham mumkin.
I’m seeing him tomorrow.
3. Biz biron bir kishining yaqin kelajakdagi rejasini xushmuomilalik bilan
so’raganimizda ham ishlatiladi.
Will you be going to the library with me ?

Payt ravishlari :
1. At predlogi bilan keladigan soat ko’rsatgichlari;
2. In winter next year – kelasi yil qishda
3. Between 6 and 8 tomorrow – ertaga soat 6 va 8 oralig’ida
4. From 2 till 3 tomorrow – ertaga soat 2 dan 3 gacha
Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + will + be + Verb ing + Object.
I will be doing my homework from 4 till 9 tomorrow.
2. So’roq shakli : Will + Subject + be + Verb ing + Object ?
Will you be doing your homework from 6 till 9 tomorrow
3. Inkor shakli : Subject + will + not + be + Verb ing + Object.
I will not be doing my homework from 6 till 9 tomorrow.

11.The Future Perfect Tense

( Kelasi davomli zamon )
Ishlatilishi :
1. Ish harakat yoki voqea hodisaning kelasi zamonda aniq vaqtgacha
bajarilib tugagan bo’lishi mumkinligi , ehtimoli borligini bildiradi.
I will have arrived by tomorrow.

Payt ravishlari :
1. By –gacha
2. Already –allaqachon
3. Just – o’sha paytdayoq
4. By the end of next week – kelasi haftaning oxirigacha

Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + will + have + Verb 3 (ed ) + Object.
I will have done my homework by 2 o’clock tomorrow.
2. So’roq shakli : will + Subject + have + Verb 3 ( ed ) + Object ?
Will you have done your homework by 2 o’clock tomorrow ?
3. Inkor shakli : Subject + will +not + have + Verb 3 ( ed ) + Object.
I won’t have done my homework until\till 2 o’clock tomorrow
Note : Future Perfect da darak gaplar uchun BY orqali vaqt ko’rsatamiz. Inkor
gaplar uchun UNTIL\TILL bilan vaqt ko’rsatamiz.
She will have finished the report by tomorrow.
She won’t have completed the report until 5 o’clock.
 12.The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
( Kelasi tugallangan davomli zamon )
Ishlatilishi :
1. Kelasi zamonda boshlanadigan ish harakatning kelasi zamonning o’zida
ma’lum bir vaqtdan beri davom etib bajarilishini ko’rsatadi.
I will begin work at 4 tomorrow. At 12 o’clock , I will have been working for
two hours.

Payt ravishlari :
1. For a long time – ancha vaqtdan beri
2. In the past few hours – o’tgan bir necha soatlardan beri
Kelasi zamon shakllarida ishlatiladigan payt ravishlarini ishlatsa bo’ladi.

Yasalishi :
1. Darak shakli : Subject + will + have + been + Verb ing + Object.
I will have been living in Korea for two years when I graduate master’s
degree
2. So’roq shakli : Will + Subject +have + been + Verb ing + Object?
4. Inkor shakli : Subject + will + have + been + Verb ing + Object.

Compiled by Maftuna Kholikova