Teacher:Muhammadayub @jamoliddinovmuhammadayub +99894 170 92 56

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BARCHA ZAMONLARNING YASALISH TARTIBI

1. The Present Simple Tense. (Oddiy hozirgi zamon)
Positive- S+V+C+M
Negative- S+do(does)+not+V1+C+M
Questions- Do(does)+S+V+C+M?

2. The Simple Past Tense. (Oddiy o’tgan zamon)

Positive- S+Ved+C+M
Negative- S+did+not+V+C+M
Questions- Did+S+V+C+M?

3. The Future Simple Tense. (Oddiy kelasi zamon)

Positive- S+will(shall)+V+C+M
Negative- S+will(shall)+not+V+C+M
Questions- Will(shall)+S+V+C+M?

4. The Simple Future in the Past Tense. (O’tgan zamondagi kelasi zamon)
Positive- S+would(should)+V+M
Negative- S+would(should)+not+V+C+M
Questions- Would(should)+S+V+C+M?

5. The Present Continuous Tense. (Hozirgi davom zamon)

Positive- S+to be+Ving+C+M
Negative- S+to be+not+Ving+C+M
Questions- To be+S+Ving+C+M?

6. The Past Continuous Tense. (O’tgan davom zamon)

Positive- S+was(were)+Ving+C+M
Negative- S+was(were)+not+Ving+C+M
Questions-Was(were)+S+Ving+C+M?

7. The Future Continuous Tense. (Kelasi davom zamon)

Positive- S+will(shall)+be+Ving+C+M
Negative- S+will(shall)+not+be+Ving+C+M
Questions- Will(shall)+S+be+Ving+C+M?

8. The Future Continuous in the Past Tense. (O’tgan zamondagi kelasi davom zamon)
Positive- S+would(should)+be+Ving+C+M
Negative- S+would(should)+not+be+Ving+C+M
Questions-Would(should)+S+be+Ving+C+M?

9. The Present Perfect Tense. (Hozirgi tugallangan zamon)

Positive- S+have(has)+P.P+C+M
Negative- S+have(has)+not+P.P+C+M
Questions-Have(has)+S+P.P+C+M?

10. The Past Perfect Tense. (O’tgan tugallangan zamon)

Positive- S+had+P.P+C+M
Negative- S+had+not+P.P+C+M

Teacher:Muhammadayub @jamoliddinovmuhammadayub +99894 170 92 56

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Teacher:Muhammadayub @jamoliddinovmuhammadayub +99894 170 92 56
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Questions-Had+S+P.P+C+M?

11. The Future Perfect Tense. (Kelasi tugallangan zamon)

Positive- S+will(shall)+have+P.P+C+M
Negative- S+will(shall)+not+have+P.P+C+M
Questions-Will(shall)+S+have+P.P+C+M?

12. The Future Perfect in the Past Tense. (O’tgan zamondagi kelasi tugallangan zamon)
Positive- S+would(should)+have+P.P+C+M
Negative- S+would(should)+not+have+P.P+C+M
Questions-Would(should)+S+have+P.P+C+M?

13. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense. (Hozirgi tugallangan davom zamon)
Positive- S+have(has)+been+Ving+C+M
Negative- S+have(has)+not+been+Ving+C+M
Questions-Have(has)+S+been+Ving+C+M?

14. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense. (O’tgan tugallangan davom zamon)
Positive- S+had+been+Ving+C+M
Negative- S+had+not+been+Ving+C+M
Questions-Had+S+been+Ving+C+M?

15. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense. (Kelasi tugallangan davom zamon)
Positive- S+will(shall)+have+been+Ving+C+M
Negative- S+will(shall)+not+have+been+Ving+C+M
Questions- Will(shall)+S+have+been+Ving+C+M?

16. The Future Perfect Continuous in the Past Tense. (O’tgan zamondagi kelasi tugallangan
davom zamon)
Positive- S+would(should)+have+been+Ving+C+M
Negative- S+would(should)+not+have+been+Ving+C+M
Questions-Would(should)+S+have+been+Ving+C+M?

ZAMONLARDA ISHLATILADIGAN KALIT SO’ZLAR

PRESENT SIMPLE: Always (80%), sometimes, often, usually, seldom, rarely, every, today, never
(10 %) Now (10%) – sezgi organlarida
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Now, at the moment, still ,
Tomorrow vа next – 10% rejalangan ishga nisbatan
Look!, Listen!, Right!, Oh!, Sh!, always,usually, constantly, forever 10%- shikoyat
ma’nosida

PAST SIMPLE : Yesterday, last, ago, then, that, in 2000, the other day,
since S + V2 (ed)
PAST CONTINUOUS: At 3 yesterday, at that time, still, when, from 5 till 8, while 80%
FUTURE SIMPLE: tomorrow, in a week, in 2018, next, hope, think, suppose

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FUTURE CONTINUOUS: At __ tomorrow, still ,At this time,

PRESENT PERFECT : So far… Just , already, for ages (inkor so’z), …before, after…, yet (not
bilan), never, ever, rarely, recently, lately, this vaqt, since 20%
today 10%, for 20%, twice, three times, in the past … in the last When have?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: How long, all day since 80%, for For –
оралик ( for 3 hours ) Since – boshlang’ich nuqta (since 7 o’clock) recently 10 %, lately
10 %
Since 2001 b/sa ham hozirgi zamon
PAST PERFECT: By…yesterday, by that time, No sooner
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS: How long, since 80%, for ( alohida berilgan gapga qaraladi)
FUTURE PERFECT: By __tomorrow, by this time, by next, when + S2 + V1
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS: How long, since 80%, for

Teacher:Muhammadayub @jamoliddinovmuhammadayub +99894 170 92 56

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Teacher:Muhammadayub @jamoliddinovmuhammadayub +99894 170 92 56
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THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE-Hozirgi oddiy zamon

1. Darak gap.
Subject + bare infinitive + complement + modifier.
2. Inkor gap.
Subject + do/does + not + bare infinitive + complement + modifier.
3. So’roq gap.
Do/does + subject + bare infinitive + complement + modifier.

- I go to school.
- I do not go to school.
- Do I go to school?
Qisqa javoblar,
- Yes, subject + do/does.
- No, subject + do/does + not.
Agar 3-shaxs birlikda bo’lsa darak gaplarda bare infinitive ga ‘s’ qo’shimchasi qo’shamiz.So’roq va inkor
gaplarda esa does dan foydalanamiz va bare infitinive ga o’zgartirish kiritilmaydi.
- We do not go.
- She does not go.
- They talk.
- He talks.
Agar ega 3-shaxs birlikda bo’lsa va gapimiz darak bo’lib bare infinitive ss, ch, sh, o, x bilan tugasa biz
bare infinitive ga es qo’shimchasini qo’shamiz.
- I go.
- He goes.
- I box.
- He boxes.
Аgar bare infinitive consonant + y ga tugasa, u хolda fe’l oxiriga ies qo’shamiz.
- I study.
- He studies.
- I carry.
- She carries.
Аgar bare infinitive vowel + y ga tugasa, u хolda s ni o’zini qo’shamiz.
- I buy.
- She buys.
- We stay.
- He stays.
Have – has.
- I have a dog.
- He has a dog.
- He does not have a dog.
Do vа has auxiliary hаmda ordinary verb sifatida kela oladi.
- He has a dog.
- He does not have a dog.
- I do not my homework.
- I do my homework.
Qisqartirilishi,
Does not = doesn’t
Do not = don’t
Ishlatilishi
1. Одат тусига кириб колган иш-харакатларни курсатиш учун “Present sipmle”дан фойдаланамиз,
- We get minuses every lesson.
- John smokes.
Present sipmle хеч качон гапирилаётган вактда иш-харакат содир булаетган ёки булмаетганини
курсатмайди.
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Агар биз буни ойдинлаштирмокчи булсак, present continuous tense куллашимиз керак,
- My dog usually barks a lot but he is not barking now.
2. Умуман олиб караганда тугри (true in general) булган ши-харакатларни Present sipmle оркали
ифодалаймиз,
- She is clever she speaks four languages.
- Cats drink milk.
- Teachers teach new subject.
3. Present sipmle adverb of frequency ва баъзи adverb phrase билан ишлатилади. Булар,
Adverb of frequency: always, never, occasionally, often, sometimes, rarely, usually, ever, seldom, etc.
Adverb phrase: on Mondays, in winter, every week, twice a year, etc.
4. Агар гапда хеч кандай иш-харакат содир булмаса ва гап маъноси present булса, present to beдан
фойдаланилади,
- He is a student.
- There is an apple.
- Tom is foolish.
5. Present sipmleни present continuous урнида continuousда ишлатилмайдиган феъллар билан
ишлатилади,
- I believe him. Мен унга ишоняпман.
- Tom likes this new song. Томга бу янги кушик ёкяпти.
6. Present simple жадвал, программа асосида белгиланган ва келажакда содир буладиган иш-
харакатларни курсатиш учун ишлатилади. Present continuousдан эса шахсий режалар хакида
гапирилганда фойдаланилади.
- The train haves at six.
- The concert starts at seven p.m. I am going to seven.
- I am waiting “Sheryurak” tomorrow evening. It starts at nine p.m.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS – Hozirgi davomiy zamon

Бу замонда гапнинг тузилиш шакллари,
1. дарак гап,
Subject + present to be + present participle + C + M.
2. инкор гап,
Subject + present to be + not + present participle + C + M.
3. сурок гап,
Present to be + subject + present participle + C + M?
- I am speaking.
- She isn’t singing.
- Are they waiting for someone?
Ишлатилиши!
1. Present continuous хозир яъни гапирилаетган вактда содир булаётган иш-харакатни курсатиш
учун
ишлатилади,
- You’re sitting.
- I’m not running.
2. Present continuousни гапирилаетган вакт атрофида содир булаетган иш-харакатларни курсатиш
учун
ишлатилади. Бу холатда яъни гапирилаетган пайтда иш-харакат содир булаётган булиши шарт
эмас,
- Tom and Ann are talking and drinking in a cafe. Tom says: I’m reading a book by King Stephen. I’ll give
it to
you when I finish it. - Том ва Анна кафэда ичиб гаплашишяпти. Том айтяпти: Ман хозир Кинг Стефан
китобини укияпман. Ман санга тугатганимдан кейин бераман.
- When I saw Jack he said: I’m building my own house. – Мен Жекни курганимда у деди: Мен узимни
уйимни куряпман.
3. Агар гапда иккита continuous tense булса ва улар and билан богланган булса, гапда 2-auxiliary
verb
тушириб колдирилса булади,
- I’m teaching French and learning English.
- She is knitting and listening to the music.
4. Аник режалаштирилган ва якинда содир буладиган ишлар учун,
- She is going to the dentist on Friday.
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- They are going to the concert tomorrow.
- What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?
Бу холатда Modifier of time албатта булиши шарт, акс холда гапнинг маъноси future ёки present
эканлигини
билиш кийин,
- I’m playing tennis.
- I’m playing tennis tomorrow.
5. Куйидаги феъллар continuousда хеч качон ишлатилмайди:
Want, like, love, hate, need, prefer, depend, know, mean, understand, believe, remember, forget.
- I remember her name. (Not, I’m remembering).
- He wants to buy that. (Not, he’s wanting).
6. Аста-секин, боскичма-боскич содир буладиган узгаришни курсатиш учун,
- Our country’s economy is improving.
- She is becoming fat.
- The population is increasing.
7. Баъзи сифатлар билан to be ни continuous шаклини ишлатиш мумкин ва бу холатда эга
гапирилаётган вактда ана шу сифатни узида намоён килади,
- Tom is foolish. Том ахмокдир.
- Tom is being foolish. Том узини ахмокона тутмокда.
- Children are quiet. Болалар мумин кобилдир.
- Children are being quiet. Болалар узларини тинч тутишмокда

PAST SIMPLE – O’tgan zamon

Regular and irregular verbs
Феъллар замон шаклига кура икки хил булади, Regular ва Irregular.
Regular verb бу past simple ва past participle шаклининг ed билан туговчи феълидир.
Present simple Past simple Past participle
Work Worked worked
Regular verb ясалиши,
Агар bare infinitive e харфи билан тугаса унга факат d харфини кушамиз,
Love – loved – loved
Агар bare infinitive consonant + y га тугаса, суз охиридаги y харфини тушириб унга ied кушимчаси
кушилади,
Carry – carried – carried (кутармок)
Аммо bare infinitive vowel + y га тугаса унга тугридан-тугри ed кушилади,
Obey – obeyed – obeyed
Бир бугинли bare infinitive vowel + consonantга тугаса суз охиридаги consonant иккиланади ва ed
кушилади,
Stop – stopped – stopped
Агар икки ёки ундан ортик бугинли bare infinitive vowel + consonantга тугаса ва ургу охирги бугинга
тушса, суз
охиридаги consonant иккиланади ва ed кушилади,
Admit – admitted – admitted
Агар bare infinitive vowel + lга тугаса суз охиридаги l иккиланади ва ed кушилади,
Travel – travelled - travelled
Irregular verbs,
Irregular verb bu past simple vа past participle шаклини ed билан тугамайдиган феъли хисобланади,
яъни
уларда шакл алмашиниши юзага келади.
Present simple Past simple Past participle
Go- Went- Gone
Buy- Bought- Bought
Cut -Cut- Cut
Read -Read- Read
Past simple structure,
1. Positive
S + V past simple + C + M
2. Negative
S + did + not + bare infinitive + C +M
3. Question

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Did + S + bare infinitive + C +M
- I watched a movie.
- They didn’t play chess.
- Did he arrive on time?
Ишлатилиши!
Past simpleни утган замонда аник бир вактда тугатилган иш-харакатларни курсатиш учун
ишлатилади. Бу иш-харакатларни хозирги ва келажак замонга хеч-кандай алокаси йук.
Шунинг учун Past simpleни:
1. Утган замонда содир булган ва аник вакт билан курсатилган иш-харакатларни ифодалаш учун
ишлатилади,
- I met him yesterday.
- Tom died in 1865.
2. Утган замондаги иш-харакатни качон содир булганлигини сураш учун,
- When did you meet him?
3. Утган замонда содир булганлиги биз учун аник ёки кундек равшан булган иш-харакатларни past
simpleда
ишлатамиз. Хеч кандай time ёки time expression келмаса хам,
- I bought this car in Tashkent.
- The train was late.
4. Утган замонда содир булган ва ундан кейин кайтарилмайдиган иш-харакатларни past simpleда
берилади,
- Shakespeare wrote the Hamlet.
- Chorazmiy established the subject “Algebra”.
5. Утган замондаги одат тусига кириб колган иш-харакатларни курсатиш учун past simpleдан
фойдаланилади,
- They did not drink wine. Улар вино ичишмас эди.
- He always took an umbrella with him. У доим узи билан соябонни олиб юрар эди.
- He smoked. У чекар эди.
6. Иш-харакат содир булмайдиган яъни факатгина маълумот берадиган гаплар pastни билдирса,
was/were
дан фойдаланилади,
- He was a student.
- There were some police officers.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE – O’tgan davomiy zamon
1. Positive
S + was/were + present participle + C + M.
2. Negative
S + was/were + not + present participle + C + M.
3. Question
Was/were + S + present participle + C + M?
- I was riding a bike.
- They were not sleeping.
- Was he singing a song?
Ишлатилиши!
1. Утган замонда бирор бир вакт атрофида содир булган иш-харакатлар учун past continuous
ишлатилади,
- He had breakfast at eight. У саккизда нонушта килди.
- He was having breakfast at eight. У саккизда нонушта килаетган эди.
2. Утган замонда аста-секинлик билан, боскичма-боскич содир буладиган узгаришларни past
continuous
оркали ифодаланади,
- It was getting dark. Коронги тушаётган эди.
- The sun was rising. Куёш чикаётган эди.
3. past continuous утган замонда содир булиб давом этган ва вакти номаълум булган иш-
харакатларни
ифодалаш учун ишлатилади,
A: Do you know where Tom is? Том каердалигини биласанми?
B: He is at the university. У университетда.
A: Really! I heard that he was studying hard. Ростданми_____? Ман эшитувдим у каттик укиётган эди.
HAVE/HAS GOT and HAVE
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1. 3-шахс бирлик учун has got ишлатилади. Бошка шахслар учун have got ишлатилади,
Structure
Инкор гапда
S + have/has + not + got.
Сурок гапда
Have/has + S + got?
- I have not got a dog.
- Has he got a book?
Have gotни утган замондаги шакли had хисобланади,
- They have a car – They had a car.
- They have got a car – They had a car.
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE – Oddiy kelasi zamon
Structure
Positive
S + will/shall + bare infinitive + C +M
Negative
S + will/shall + not + bare infinitive + C +M
Question
Will/shall + S + bare infinitive + C +M
Shall факат 1-шахс учун ишлатилади яъни I, We. Willни эса хамма шахслар учун ишлатса булади,
Will + not = won’t
Shall + not = shan’t
- I won’t go. Мен бормайман.
- I shan’t go. Мен бормайман.
- He’ll go. У боради.
Use
1. Сузловчини келажак хакидаги фикри, фарази, тахминини ифодалаш учун,
- They will sell their house. Улар уйни сотишади.
- He will come back soon. У тезда кайтади.
Бу холда купинча куйидаги феъллар ишлатилади,
Assume (кабул килмок, масалан жавобгарликни), be (булмок), afraid (куркмок), be sure (ишончи
комил
булмок), feel sure (ишончи комил булмок), believe (ишонмок), doubt (иккиланмок), expect (think-
уйлаб
кутмок, масалан “мен ундан шуни кутган эдим”), hope (ишонмок), know (билмок), suppose (тахмин
килмок),
think (ўйламоқ), wonder (кизикмок).
ва баъзи равишлар билан,
Perhaps, possibly, probably, surely.
- Perhaps, we shall find him at the hotel.
- I suppose, they will wait for us.
2. Сузловчини тахминига кура келажакда одат тусига айланадиган иш-харакатлар учун,
- Spring will come again. Бахор яна келади.
- Birds will make their nests. Кушлар инларини куришади,
3. Present Continuous урнида Continuousда ишлатилмайдиган феъллар билан future simple
ишлатилади. Агар
у аник режалаштирилган иш-харакат булса,
- They will know it tomorrow.
4. Режалаштирилмаган иш-харакатлар учун,
- A: I have got a terrible headache.
- B: I shall go to the chemist’s and bring some medicine.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE – Kelajak davomiy zamon
Structure
Positive
S + will/shall + be + present participle + C +M
Negative
S + will/shall + not + be + present participle + C + M
Question
Will/shall + S + be + present participle + C +M
Use!

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1. Келажакда аник бир вакт атрофида содир буладиган иш-харакатлар учун,
- Now at nine students are having a lesson in the room. Хозир соат туккиз талабалар хонада дарс
утишяпти.
- Tomorrow at this time, they will be having a lesson. Эртага худди вактда улар дарс олишаетган
булади.
2. Келажакда содир буладиган ва режа, ният килинмаган иш-харакатлар учун, бу холда иш-харакат
оддий
холатга айланиб колади,
- He is taking an exam next week. Кейинги хафта у имтихон топширяпти.
- He will be taking an exam next week. Кейинги хафта у имтихон топшираётган булади.
Бу холда future continuous, time expressionсиз келиши мумкин, аммо present continuous хамиша time
expressionни талаб килади,
- I am seeing him tomorrow. Present continuous
- I will be seeing him. Future continuous
SAY
Агар биз китоб, эълон, газета ва х.золарнинг умумий маъносини атймокчи булсак ёки улардан
парча (цитата)
келтирмокчи булсак, present “say”дан фойдаланамиз,
- What does the book say?
- The notice says, “Don’t touch!”
- Shakespeare says, “Neither a lender nor a borrower be”.
Бу холатда say феълини урнида алока, богланишни ифодалайдиган феълларни ишлатиш мумкин,
- The notice warns us not to touch.
- Shakespeare recommends “not to be neither a lender nor a borrower”__

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE – Hozirgi tugallangan zamon

Structure
Positive,
S + have/has + past participle + C + M.
Negative,
S + have/has + not + past participle + C + M.
Question,
Have/has + S + past participle + C + M.
Use.
1. Present perfect утган замонда номаълум бир вактда содир булган иш-харакатлар учун
ишлатилади,
- Have you had breakfast? – Нонушта килганмисан?
- Did you have breakfast at the hotel? – Мехмонхонада нонушта килдингми?
- I have read the instructions but I do not understand them. – Мен йурикномаларни укиб чикдим лекин
мен
уларни тушунмадим.
- I read the instructions last nights. – Мен йурикномаларни утган кеча укидим.
- Jim decided to quit the course, because it was being very difficult. – Жим курсдан кетишни карор
килди,
чунки у кийинлашиб бораетган эди.
Yet & Already.
Yet & already равишлари утган замонда номаълум бир вактда содир булган ёки содир булмаган
иш-
харакатларни ифодалаш учун ишлатилади. Бу равишлар асосан present perfect билан ишлатилади,
- We have already written our reports. – Биз аллакачон хисоботимизни ёзиб булдик.
- Maria has not called her parents yet. – Мария ота-онасига хали хам кунгирок килгани йук.
Already асосан дарак гапларда ва гапдаги auxiliary ва ordinary verb уртасида келади, аммо гапнинг
бошида ва
охирида хам келиши мумкин.
Yet эса гапнинг охирида келади.
- We have not written our reports yet.
- Maria has already called her parents.
Present perfect утган замондан хозиргача булган вакт хакида гапирилганда ишлатилади. Масалан
инсон
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хаёти тугрисида гапирилганда,
- Have you been to London?
- I have seen that woman before but I cannot remember when.
Ever & never.
Ever & never, present perfect билан ишлатилиши мумкин. Ever асосан сурок гапларда, never эса
дарак
гапларда ишлатилади ва улар auxiliary ва ordinary verbлар уртасида келади,
- Have you ever been in London?
- I have never seen such a beautiful car.
Just.
Present perfect, just равиши билан биргаликда якинда тугатилган иш-харакатларни ифодалаш учун
ишлатилади,
- He has just gone out.
- He went out a few minutes ago.
Just, auxiliary ва ordinary verbлар уртасида келади. У одатда дарак гапларда ишлатилади, аммо
сурок
гапларда хам ишлатилиши мумкин,
- Has he just gone out?
Present perfect утган замонда содир булган ва хозирги замонда натижаси куриниб турган иш-
харакатларни
ифодалаш учун ишлатилади,
- I have washed my car. It looks lovely now.
- I washed my car.
- The elevator has broken down we should take the stairs.
- The elevator broke down.
Present perfect + yet билан ифодаланган гапларнинг одатда хозирги замонда натижаси булади,
- He has not come yet so we are still waiting for him.
For and since.
For оралик давр (interval of period) маъносида ишлатилади.
For 6 months, for a month.
For, present simple билан ишлатилганда тугалланган даврни билдиради,
- He worked there for 40 years.
For, present perfect билан ишлатилганда утган замондан хозирги замонгача давом этган иш-
харакатларни
билдиради,
- He has worked there for 40 years.
For баъзан тушириб колдирилиши мумкин, айникса be, live, wait феълларидан кейин,
- I have been here for an hour / two weeks.
For, all билан бошланувчи time expressionлардан олдин хеч качон ишлатилмайди,
- They have worked all night.
Since.
Since иш-харакатни бошлангич нуктаси билан бирга ишлатилади ва маъноси уша нуктадан
гапирилаетган
вактгача (...дан бери).
Since January, since my birthday.
- She has been here since 6 a.m.
- We have been friends since our schooldays.
Since + clause.
Sinceдан кейин clause хам келиши мумкин,
- I have worked there since I left school.
Ever since ravishi
- I saw him in the party last month and have not met him ever since.
- I have seen him since I saw him in the party last month.
Last and the last.
- I have been here since last week. (Month, year, etc.)
- I have been here for the last week.
Last week иш харакатни бошланиш нуктасини англатади яъни етти кун аввал.
The last week эса етти кунлик даврни англатади яъни вактни.
Present perfect тугалланмаган даврда содир булаетган иш харакатларни ифодалаш учун
ишлатилади.
Тугалланмаган даврни today, this morning, / evening / afternoon / week / month / year / etc.лар билан
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ифодаланади.
At 10 a.m.
- Tom has rung up three times this morning.
At 2 p.m.
- Tom rang up three times this morning.
Present perfect тугалланмаган давр билан ишлатилганда ана шу давр ичида номаълум бир вактда
содир
булган ёки булмаган иш харакатларни ифодалайди.
- Tom rang up at 8 a.m. this morning.
- Have you seen him today?
Аммо биз иш харакатни одатда аник бир вактда ёки тугалланмаган давр ичида аник бир вактда
(кисмида)
содир булишини билсак Past simpleдан фойдаланамиз.
Агар бирор бир кишини будильниги одатда соат 6 да жирингласа, нонушта пайтида у айтиши
мумкин,
- My alarm didn’t go off this morning.
Ёки почтальон одатий келиш вакти 9-10 булса,
10 гача:
- Has the mail carrier come this morning?
10 дан кейин:
- Did the mail carrier come this morning?
Lately and Recently.
Lately ва recently, present perfect билан ишлатилганда тугалланмаган даврни ифодалайди,
- Has he been here recently / lately? У якинда шу ердамиди?
- He has not been here recently / lately. У бу ерда эмасди.
Recently, past simple билан ишлатилган якиндагина яъни a short of time маъносида келади,
- He left recently.
Present perfect vs. Past simple.
Present perfectни утган замондан хозиргача булган давр тугрисида гапирилганда ишлатилади.
Past Now
Past simpleни эса утган замонда тугалланган давр хакида гапирганда ишлатилади.
Past Now
- I was in London in the summer.
- I have lost my key.
- I lost my key yesterday.
What, when билан иш харакат вактини суралганда Past simple ишлатилади,
- What time did you sleep?
Агар янги бир маълумот берилаетган булса Present perfectдан фойдаланилади ва шу маълумот
давом
эттирилса past simpleдан фойдаланилади.
- Ow, I have burnt myself.
- How did it happen?
- I touched a hot pan.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Structure
S + have / has + been + present participle + C + M.
S + have / has + not + been + present participle + C + M.
Have / has + S + been + present participle + C + M?
Use.
Present perfect continuous утган замонда бошланган ва хали хам давом этаётган ёки якиндагина
тугаган иш-
харакатларни ифодалаш учун ишлатилади,
- I have been waiting for him. He still hasn’t come.
- I am sorry I am late. Have you been waiting along time?
Present perfect continuous иш-харакат качондан бери содир булаётганини сураш ёки айтиш учун
ишлатилади.
Бу холатда асосан how long, for, sinceлардан фойдаланилади,
- How long have you been learning English?

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- She has been reading a book for two hours.
Утган замонда бошланиб хали хам давом этаетган ёки якинда тугаган иш-харакатларни иккита
замонда хам
беришимиз мумкин,
- I have slept for six hours.
- I have been sleeping for six hours.
- How long have you been working?
- How long have you worked?
Бу холатда Present perfect continuous time phrase ёки time phraseсиз ишлатилиши мумкин. Аммо
Present
perfect Simple time phraseсиз ишлатилмайди.
- It has rained.
- It has been raining.
Present perfect Simple билан ифодаланган такрорланган иш-харакатни “давомий” иш-харакат
сифатида
Present perfect continuous билан ифодалаш мумкин,
- I have knocked the door three times.
- I have been knocking the door.
Аммо иш-харакатимиз ягона булса иккита замон уртасида фарк бор. Present perfect simple билан
натижа
таъкидланади. Present perfect continuous билан эса сунгги 1 соат / 1,5 соат / 2 соат / ва х.зони
кандай
утказилганини ифодаланади,
- I have cleaned the car. The car is clean now.
- I have been cleaning the car. I have been cleaning the car for the last two hours.
- She has been painting the room.
- She has painted the room.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Structure
S + had + past participle + C + M.
S + had + not + past participle + C + M.
Had + S + past participle + C + M?
Use.
Past perfect tense утган замонда маълум бир вактда бошланиб ва яна бир бошка вактгача
тугалланган иш-
харакатларни ифодалашда ишлатилади,
- When I came, he had gone out.
Past perfect tense, present perfectни past эквиваленти хисобланади,
- Ann has just left the room if you hurry you catch.
- When I arrived, Ann had just left.
Past perfect tense утган замонда маълум бир вактда бошланиб:
А) маълум бир бошка вактда хам давом этаетган иш-харакатлар учун;
Б) ва бошка вактда хозиргина тугаган иш-харакатлар учун;
С) бошка вактдан анча олдинрок тугаган иш-харакатлар учун ишлатилиши мумкин.
A) Bill was in the uniform when I met him. He had been a soldier for ten years and planned to stay in the
army until
he was 30. Мен Билни учратганимда у харбий кийимда эди. У 10 йилдан бери аскар эди ва 30
ёшигача
армияда колишни режалаштирган эди.
Б) The old oak tree, which had stood in the church yard since the church was built, suddenly crashed into
the
ground. Черковни ховлисидаги черков курилгандан бери тураётган кари дарахт бирданига ерга
агдарилиб тушди.
C) He served in the army for ten years. Then he retired and married. His children were now at school. У
армияда
10 йил давомида хизмат килди. Кейин у истеъфога чикди ва турмуш курди. Унинг болалари ушанда
мактаб
ёшида эди.

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Past perfect tenseни past simpleни past эквиваленти сифатида ишлатиш мумкин,
- Tom was 23 when our story begins. His father had died 5 years before and since then Tom had lived
alone.
His father had advised him not to get married until he was 35 and he intended to follow his advice.
- He arrived at 2 and was told to wait. У станцияга етиб келди ва унга кутишини айтилди.
- He arrived at 2 and had been told to wait. У станцияга етиб келди ва унга кутишини aйтилган эди.
Present perfect in time clauses
Утган замонда иккита гапни when сузи оркали боглашимиз мумкин ва бунда ана шу иккита гап
кетма кет
содир булганлигини курсатилади,
- I asked a new word.
- He answered correctly.
- When I asked new word, he answered correctly.
When билан past perfect tenseни иш-харакат тулик тугатилганлигини таъкидлаш учун ишлатилади,
- When I opened the window, the birds flew out.
- When I had opened the window, the birds flew out.
- When he sweared at her, she smacked his face.
- When he had sweared at her, she smacked his face.
Бу холатда when сузи урнида as soon as, immediately, the moment сузлари келиши мумкин.
Till / until ва before билан past perfect tense ишлатилади агар иш-харакатни тулик тугаганлигини
таъкидламокчи булсак,
- He refused to go until he had seen all the pictures. У расмларни тула куриб булмасдан туриб кетишга
рад этди.
- Before we had walked 10 miles, he complained of sore feet. 10 мил юриб булмасимиздан олдин у оёк
огригига шикоят килди.
After билан past perfect tense иш-харакатларни тулик тугалланганлигини таъкидлаш учун
ишлатилади,
After the will had been reading, there were angry exclamations.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Structure
S + had + been + present participle + C + M.
S + had + not + been + present participle + C + M.
Had + S + been + present participle + C + M?
Use.
Утган замонда гапирилаетган вактдан олдин бошланиб ва уша вактгача давом этган ёки ундан
озгина олдин
якунланган иш-харакатлар учун past perfect continuous ишлатилади. Бу холатда past perfect simple
хам нотугри эмас,
- It was now 6 and he was tired because he had been working since dawn. Соат 6 эди ва у чарчаган
эди
чунки у азонгача ишлаб чикаетган эди.
- It was now 6 and he was tired because he had worked since dawn. Соат 6 эди ва у чарчаган эди
чунки у
азонгача ишлаган эди.
Бундай холатларда past perfect simple албатта time phrase билан келиши шарт.
Past perfect simple билан ифодаланган такрорланган иш-харакатларни давомий иш-харакат
сифатида past
perfect continuousда беришимиз мумкин,
- He had tried five times to get her on the phone.
- He had been trying to get her on the phone.
Аммо иш-харакат ягона булса past perfect simple ва past perfect continuousлар орасида фарк
мавжуд булади,
- He had repaired the engine by 6. У маторни 6гача таъмирлаб булган эди.
- He had been repairing the engine by 6. У маторни 6гача таъмирлаб булаетган эди.
Past perfect continuous билан берилган иш-харакат утган замонда гапирилаетган вактгача давом
этади ёки
ундан озгина олдин тугалланади. Аммо past perfect simple билан берилган иш-харакатларда уша
вактгача

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давом этган, озгина олдин тугаган ва хаттоки анча олдин тугаган булиши мумкин,
- I had been painting the door. Мен эшикни бўяб булаетган эдим. (Эшикни хали куримаганлиги аник)
- I had painted the door. Мен эшикни буяб булган эдим. (Эшик куриган хам куримаган хам булиши
мумкин)
Бирор бир иш-харакат содир булгунигача иккинчи иш-харакат канчадан бери содир булаетганини
курсатиш
учун past perfect continuousдан фойдаланилади,
- The football match had to be stop. They had been playing for half an hour when there was terrible
storm.
Футбол матчи тухтатилишига тугри келди. Каттик довул бошлангунига кадар улар ярим соатдан
бери
уйнашаетган эди.

TO BE GOING TO- moqchi

To be going to + bare infinitive

Бирор кишининг хохиш истаги ёки иштиёкини ифодалаш учун to be going to структурасидан
_____фойдаланилади.
- I am seeing my doctor tomorrow.
- I am going to visit my relatives.
Бирор нарсага таяниб айтилган аник тахмин учун to be going to шакли ишлатилади,
- His math is very poor. If she does not study hard, she is going to fail in the final exam.
- Look at those black clouds it is going to rain.
Was / were going to
Was / were going to утган замонда ният килинган хохиш, иштиёкни курсатиш учун ишлатилади ва
купинча бу
иш харакат амалга ошмаган булади,
- I was going to phone you last night, but I could not.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S + will / shall + have + past participle + C + M.

S + will / shall + not + have + past participle + C + M.
Will / shall + S + have + past participle + C + M?
Future perfect tense асосан by сузи билан тузилган time expressionлар билан бирга ишлатилади, by
then, by that time, by the end of week / month / year / etc.
- By the end of the month, he will have been here for ten years.
Future perfect tense келаси замонда маълум бир вактгача тугалланган иш-харакатларни ифодалаш
учун ишлатилади,
- Now it is 3 December. David is very worried about an exam that he is taking on 13 December,
Somebody planning a party may say, “We had better wait till 14 December. David will have had his exam
by then, so
he will be able to enjoy himself”.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

S + will / shall + have + been + present participle + C +M

S + will / shall + not + have + been + present participle + C +M
Will / shall + S + have + been + present participle + C + M?
Future perfect continuous хам by сузи билан тузилган time expressionлар билан ишлатилади,
- By the end of the month, he will have been acting for 30 years.
Future perfect continuous келаси замонда аник бир вактгача давом этган ёки ундан озгина олдин
тугалланган
иш-харакатлар учун ишлатилади ва бу холатда future perfect simple хам ишлатилиши мумкин,
- By then he will have been studying.
Келаси замонда маълум бир вактгача иш-харакат канчадан бери содир булаетганини сураш ёки
айтиш учун
Future perfect continuousдан фойдаланилади,
- By the end of the month, he will have been living here for 40 years.

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Такрорланувчи иш-харакатларни давомий иш-харакат сифатида Future perfect continuous билан
ифодалаш
мумкин. Аммо микдор эслатиб утилса Future perfect continuous ишлатилмайди,
- By the end of the month, he will have climbed 60 mountains.
- By the end of the month, he will have been climbing mountains for ten years.__

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