INDIAN SCHOOL SOHAR
SESSION(2025-26)
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT (042)
TOPIC : Water level indciator
Submitted by:Mehak Shireen
class and section:XII B
guided by : Jermans Jesu Alexander
AISCEE Roll No:
INDIAN SCHOOL SOHAR
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project
entitled
is submitted by
-
Mr/Ms:_________________________________
(Board Number:__________________________)
in partial fulfillment of the Final Examination requirement
in __________ (Science Stream) for the award of senior
school Certificate and is Certified to be an original and
bonafide work.
PRINCIPAL EXTERNAL INTERNAL
EXAMINER EXAMINER
SCHOOL
SEAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to express my
gratitude to the Almighty God for keeping me in good
health .Throughout this project work. With great
pleasure and sincerity, I also express my thanks,
gratitude, and respect to Mrs. Sanchita Verma, Principal
of Indian School Sohar.
I place on record my sincere gratitude and appreciation
to my project guide, Mr Jermans Jesu Alexander or
his/her kind cooperation and guidance enabled me to
complete this project on time.
I thank my parents for giving their wisdom and financial
support throughout this project.
I take this opportunity to dedicate this project to all my
friends who were a constant source of motivation. I
express my deep gratitude for their never-ending
support and encouragement throughout this project.
Finally, I thank everyone who helped me in completing
this project.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO
CERTIFICATE 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4
OBJECTIVE 5
INTRODUCTION 6
MATERIALS REQUIRED 7
THEORY 9
PRECAUTIONS 11
CONCLUSIONS 12
BIBLOGRAPHY 13
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to notify the user the amount of
water that is present in the overhead water tank or industrial
water tank and importance on not wasting water.
INTRODUCTION
The facility requirements in many industries, farms, hostels,
hotels, offices include an overhead tank for water, which is
usually fed through an electric pump that is switched off when
the tank is filled up and switched on when it is empty. So, the
most common way of knowing when the tank is filled is by
observing when it overflows the brim. Depending on the type of
liquid being handled, overfilling of such a tank could lead to a
great liquid material losses ranging in the order of thousands of
naira per week depending on the extent of such application.
These losses can be prevented if the tank is monitored
automatically by incorporating a feedback. Water level indicator
using transistor & buzzer is an amazing and very useful project.
The objective of this project is to notify the user the amount of
water that is present in the overhead water tank. This project can
be further enhanced to control the water level in the tank by
turning it on, when the water level is low, and turning it off when
the water level is high.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Transistor-BC547 (4 pieces)
2. Resistor-220Ω (6 pieces)
3. Color LED (3 pieces)
4. Buzzer (1 piece)
5. 9 v non-rechargeable battery (1 piece)
6. Wires
Transistor-BC547
BC547 is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be
left open (Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and
will be closed (Forward biased) when a signal is provided to base pin
BC547 Transistor Pinout Configuration:
BC547 Transistor Features
BC547 Transistor Features
1. Bi-Polar NPN Transistor
2. DC Current Gain (hFE) is 800 maximum
3. Continuous Collector current (IC) is 100mA
4. Emitter Base Voltage (VBE) is 6V
5. Base Current(IB) is 5mA maximum
6. Available in To-92 Package
Resistor-220Ω
Resistor-220Ω
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to
divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses.
COLOUR LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits
light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor
recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of
photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the
photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross
the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using
multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the
semiconductor device.
Combining red, green, and blue LEDs in a single LED device, such as a
lighting fixture or multi-chip LED, and controlling their relative
intensities can produce millions of colors. Additionally combining red,
green, and blue in equal amounts produces white light.
COLOUR LED BUZZER
BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short).
Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, train
and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
THEORY
Water Level Indicator Project Features
1.Easy installation.
2. Low maintenance.
3. Compact elegant design.
4.The Automatic water level controller ensures no overflows or dry
running of pump there by saves electricity and water.
5.Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowing tanks.
6. Fully automatic, saves man power.
7. Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.
8. Automatic water level controller provides you the flexibility to
decide for yourself the water levels for operations of pump set.
Shows clear indication of water levels in the overhead tank.
PROCEDURE
1. Insert BC547 transistor on the breadboard. The left one is collector,
the middle one is base and the last one is the emitter.
2. Insert the other two transistors as well on the breadboard
3. Connect 220 ohms resistors to al the collector terminals of the
transistor of the breadboard.
4. Now insert the green Led with its anode to the emitter of first
transistor and cathode to the negative rail of the breadboard and do the
same for white and red LEDs.
5. Now connect the buzzer on the breadboard. Connect the negative wire
of the buzzer to the negative rail of the breadboard and positive wire to
the emitter of the third transistor.
6. Connect one wire each to the base of the transistors. Dip the other
end of the wire in the container with water, it is important to dip the
wires in the water level-wise and not keep the bare ends of the wire on
the same level.
7. Connect the power to the circuit and start adding water to the bowl
and see the LED's light up sequentially and the buzzer buzzing at the end.
PRECAUTIONS
Insulate all wires properly.
Use non-corrosive probes (e.g., copper/stainless steel).
Keep circuit board away from water.
Ensure tight and secure connections.
Attach buzzer correctly.
Turn off switch before adjusting wires.
CONCLUSION
The water level indicator is the best electronic starter device
indicating the water level and saves water correspondingly. The
led blinks according to their level of water reaches to them and
indicates the buzzing sound to stop pouring when it reaches its
final limit. What are you waiting for let’s save water in a playful
and knowledgeable way.
BIBLOGRAPHY
