A Mini Project Report
Water level Indicator
Submitted By
Rohan DilipWathore
Sujit KhushalraoWaghmare
B.tech Mechanical Engineering
Under Guidance of
Prof.C.V.Bandela
DEPPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
M.G.M.’s COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NANDED–
431605
Affiliatedto
Dr.BabasahebAmbedkarTechnologialUniversity,
Raigad
(2024-2025)
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mini project report entitled of “Water Level Indicator”, which is being
submitted by Sujit KhushalraoWaghmare, Rohan DilipWathore, under my supervision and
guidance for the partial fulfilment for award of the ‘, Bachelor of Technology’ in ‘Mechanical
Engineering’
Prof. C.V.Bandela Prof.D.N.HATKAR Dr.M.G. HARKARE
Project Guide Project Co-ordinator HOD Mechanical
Department
Dr.Mrs.GEETA S.LATHKAR
(Director)
M.G.M's college of engineering Nanded
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is beyond our words to acknowledge course guidance to those who have co-operated so
much during completion of our course work But as a matter of tradition have tried to express it in
simple words. I would like to thank Mr.D.N.Hatkar sir, for giving me such a Wonderful opportunity
to expand my knowledge for my own branch and giving me guidelines to present a project report. It
helped me a lot to realize what we study for.
I would like to thank my parents who patiently helped me as I Went through my work
and helped to modify and eliminate some of the irrelevantor unnecessary stuff.Our sincere thanks
to
Dr.M.G.Harkare HOD. Department of Mechanical Engineering, for his suggestions &
encouragement throughout course.We would like to thank Dr.MrsGeeta S.Lathkar,Director,
MGM's College of Engineering Nanded for supporting our BTech course and allowing us to use
facilities.
Last but not least we would like to thank staff members of Mechanical Engineering
Department in MGM'sCOE, Nanded, our friends ,family member and all those who have helped
us directly or indirectly for completing our project for BTech course
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ABSTRACT
The drinking water crisis in India is reaching alarming proportions. It might very soon attain the nature of
global crisis. Hence, it is of extreme importance to preserve water. In home based water tank, the one
problem is very common to us that the control of water level of overhead tank,as a result the wastage of
water is increasing day by day. But we all know water is very precious to us.This problem can be controlled
by a simple electronic circuit consists with some cheap electronic components,that circuit is called ‘Water
Level Indicator’. The operation of water level controller works upon the fact that water conducts
electricity. So water can be used to open or close a circuit. As the water level rises or falls, different circuits
in the controller send different signals. These signals are used to switch ON or switch OFF the motor
pump as per our requirements. Water Level Indicator is a simple low cost circuit. First we introduced this
circuit from the web. There the circuit is made with various components like transsitors (BC547.BC548)
Resistors, Leds and etc. After we discussed that how to make the circuit without transistors and after we
calculate that we got the result, beside we got help from our teacher about this circuit. At last we got a
simple circuit without transistor and it shows result. We removd the transsistors to make the circuit cheap
and easy installation to all.The other liquid control circuits, which
we have seen those are very critical than this circuit.
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INDEX
Sr No Content PageNo.
1. Introduction 6
2. Contruction 7
3. Working 7
4. Application 11
5. Advantages 12
6. Disadvantages 14
7. Conclusion 15
8. Result 16
9. Reference 17
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Introduction
A Water Level Indicator is a device by which the users can get the information of any water reservoir.
Water level indicator system is quite useful to reduce the wastage of water from any reservoir, while filling
such reservoir [2]. Availability of water resource in many region of the world is decreasing and becomes
a dominant issue now days. This problem is arising because of poor water allocation, inefficient use, and
lack of adequate and integrated water management. Water is in general used for agriculture, industry, and
domestic fields of consumption [4]. That is why it is becoming an important of Liquid level gauges are
designed for relatively straightforward level regulation and usually provide direct indications through
visual, magnetic, or transduction properties. They typically consist of a measuring chamber connected to
the vessel being monitored, with gage levels matching the changing levels in the vessel [1]. There are a
variety of different liquid level gage designs and each one features distinct operational characteristics and
performance requirements. A floating device equipped with a permanent magnet is suspended upon the
fluid in the chamber and it moves an indicator or a transducer through magnetic.
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❖ Construction-
A construction water level indicator is a simple yet effective tool used in construction to ensure
level alignment over long distances. It operates on the principle that water seeks its own level
Types of Water Level Indicators in Construction
1. Basic Water Level Tube:
Consists of a clear plastic or rubber tube filled with water.The two ends are positioned at
different points, and when the water stabilizes, both ends indicate the same level.Used for
leveling foundations, walls, and other structures.
2. Digital Water Level Indicator:
Uses electronic sensors to detect and display water levels.Provides more accuracy and
convenience.Often used for monitoring water levels in tanks and reservoirs.
3. Automatic Water Level Indicator for Tanks:
Detects water levels using float switches or sensors.Can be connected to alarms or pumps to
prevent overflows or shortages.Common in construction sites where water supply needs
monitoring.
• Working
The working principle of a water level indicator is actually quite simple. Water level indicators work
by using sensor probes to indicate water levels in a storage tank. These probes send information back to
the control panel to trigger an alarm or indicator. As mentioned above, the control panel can be
programmed to automatically turn on your pump to refill the water again.
1. The water level is full – Nothing happens
2. Water level drops to the reference probe – Alarm is triggered
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3. Fill start is triggered automatically turning on the water to fill the tank
4. Once the water is full, fill stop is triggered and the system automatically stops the pump
5. The system resets and waits for water levels to drop again
Depending on the manufacturer, some water level indicators will have 3 probes while others might have
as much as 7.
3 Probe water level indicators use a reference probe, fill start probe and fill stop probe to manage water
levels. These probes work together to manage the water levels in a tank. The reference is the lowest point
you want the water level to go to before the water starts filling again. The fill start probe is usually the
same length as the reference probe to ensure the pump starts filling the water once it has reached its lowest
point.
5 probe water level indicators use more probes to also include alarms. They have the same reference probe
but also come with a low alarm & high alarm probe that will tell you if water levels become too low or
too high.
TRANSITOR
A transistor is a semiconductor device that controls and amplifies electrical signals. It's a fundamental
component of modern electronics, found in many devices like computers and radios.
How does a transistor work?
• A transistor has three terminals: the base, collector, and emitter.
• Applying a voltage or current to one pair of terminals controls the current through the other pair.
• A transistor can amplify a signal because the output power can be higher than the input power.
• A transistor can act as a switch, alternating between on and off states to control the flow of electrical
signals.
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REGISOTOR
A 220-ohm resistor is a small electronic component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in a
circuit, specifically offering 220 ohms of resistance, a value often used to protect components like LEDs from
excess current.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
• Function:
Resistors are designed to resist the flow of electricity (current) in a circuit.
• Resistance Value:
A 220-ohm resistor has a resistance of 220 ohms, indicated by the symbol "Ω".
• Common Use:
It's a commonly used value for protecting LEDs and other components from excessive current that
could cause damage.
• Ohm's Law:
The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance is defined by Ohm's Law (V = IR) where
V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
• Color Code:
Resistors often use colored bands to indicate their resistance value, and a 220-ohm resistor typically
has a color code of red-red-brown..
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• Application of water level Indicatior
In homes and commercial buildings, water level indicators are commonly used in water tanks and towers
to ensure the proper functioning of the water supply system. For example, the water level indicator in the
roof water tank can prevent water overflow or insufficient supply, ensuring a stable supply of daily water.
1. Industrial production: In industrial production, water level indicators are widely used in various liquid
storage and processing systems, such as cooling towers, boilers, chemical reaction tanks, etc. Accurate
water level control can ensure the safety and efficiency of the production process, avoiding equipment
damage or production interruption caused by abnormal liquid levels.
2. Agricultural irrigation:In agriculture, water level indicators are commonly used in wells, reservoirs,
and irrigation systems. By monitoring water levels, farmers can allocate water resources reasonably
according to actual needs, avoid unnecessary waste, and improve crop yield and quality.
• Water treatment system: Water level indicators play a crucial role in sewage treatment and water
purification systems. It can monitor the liquid level in various treatment tanks to ensure the continuity
and effeCan be used in water tanks to control water levels
• Automatically turn ON/OFF pumps
• Can be used in factories, commercial complexes, apartments, home,
• Fuel tank level gauging
• Oil tank level control
• High & low-level alarms
• Pool water level control
• Life station switches
• Leachate level control
• Cooling tower water level control
• Sewage pump level control
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• A DVANTAGES OF WATER LEVEL INDICATORS
There are many advantages of water level controls, also known also water level indicators, including:
1. POWER SAVER
Living in an age where we need to be more conscious of the energy that we use, a water level controller
is ideal at saving power. Normally, regulating water levels can consume electricity and wastewater.
However, with automatic controllers, the electricity usage is limited as well as less water needed to
regulate supply.
2. MONEY SAVER
A water level controller helps save money by limiting the waste of water and electricity. These devices
accurately regulate how much energy is used to protect against any unnecessary water/electricity usage.
Over time, the money saved is quite substantial.
3. AUTOMATIC
Another notable advantage with these devices is that they regulate on their own. Eliminating manual
operations with a timer switch, the frustrations of manual monitoring water tanks are minimized. Water
levels are maintained at the appropriate levels thanks to the automatic operations of these devices.
4. WATER MAXIMIZATION
On average, water pumps are used more during midday. A water level controller can maximize the water
usage provided during midday while automatically lessening the water usage at night. This results in an
appropriate level of water at all times being maintained, while providing you with the maximum use of
your water at the appropriate times.
5. NEW CONTROL MINIMIZE FOULING & DETERIORATION
Only available with WLC controllers
Proving to be less costly, over time, than the original float design for the ‘toilet tank’. The solid-state
electronics are designed to minimize volt usage (less than 1 volt). This directly minimizes the mineral
fouling, plating, rusting, and deterioration of probes, proving to be safer and more efficient. These factors
extend the life span of the controllers significantly, which saves money and energy.
6. EASY INSTALLATION WITH LED MONITORING
Only available with WLC controllers
These new solid-state electronics and integrated electronics offer superior performance, hassle-free
installation, and lower cost to operate over time when compared to the lifespan of the original design. For
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continuous monitoring, the integrated firmware and digital dry-contact circuitry easily and quickly
connect to the automation systems of a building. Each function of the integrated electronics and relays use
LED lights to offer operators the ability to visually scan them in order to verify proper operations.
5. RELIABLE ELECTRONIC DESIGN
Only available with WLC controllers
Addressing the durability problems found in earlier designs, the solid-state electronics in the newer models
help to eliminate them. Not only do they help to eliminate the durability issues, but they also create
considerable savings of the life span of the unit with an advanced modular design. In order to minimize
problem areas of these designs, the only moving parts are the relays. These relays are easily replaced and
tested by any skilled operator or electrician while being an inexpensive part.
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• DISADVANTAGES OF WATER LEVEL
• Water level controls need to be replaced every 3 years.
• The rust, foul and deteriorate
• Electronics are usually built separately
• More difficult installation
• Most float switches are outdated
• No LED indicator lights
• No Warranty or Guarantee
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• CONCLUSION
The water level Inndicator employs a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the water level in
an over head tank or any other water container. The sensing is done by using a set of four
probes which are placed at four different levels. We can conclude that this system is very
beneficial in rural as well as urban areas. It helps in the efficient utilization of available water
sources. If used on a large scale, it can provide a major contribution in the conservation of
water for us and the future generations. In these days, when the Earth's reserve of consumable
water is decreasing every moment, every drop has its value. Water level controller is a simple
yet effective way to prevent wastage of water. Its simplicity in design and low cost components
make it an ideal piece of technology for the common
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• Result
In conclusion, the water level indicator project is an effective and efficient way to monitor the water
level in a tank. It provides a reliable solution to prevent water overflow and ensures a constant supply
of water when needed.
In conclusion, the water level indicator project is an effective and efficient way to monitor the water
level in a tank. It provides a reliable solution to prevent water overflow and ensures a constant supply
of water when need
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Reference:
[1] Fundamentals of Electronic circuit design – Hongsen Ma
[2] Introduction of Electronics -Yatindra Nath Singh
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org
[4] www.google.co.in
[5] Joydeep Kumar Chakraborty, “Water Level Controller
[6] Rex Niedermeyer, "Aquarium Water Pump
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❖ Reference:
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