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UNIT 2. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & URBANIZATION

OUTLINE
I. VOCABULARY • U2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY
• U2: URBANIZATION
• PRACTICE
II. GRAMMAR • PRESENT TENSES
• PAST TENSES
• FUTURE TIME
• PRONUNCIATION “-ED”
• PRACTICE

III. BONUS TEST • 50 questions

I. VOCABULARY
UNIT 2. CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Words/Phrases Transcription & Meaning(s) Example
The altar for the dead is displayed in front of the
altar /ˈɔːltə/ [C] (n): đền thờ
church.
/əˈpruːvəl/ [C] (n) sự chấp In order to travel to HCMC, you need a letter of
approval
thuận = acceptance approval.
/əˈpruːv/ (v): (+ of) chấp nhận We need to approve of this paper in order to help
approve
= accept us go inside the town.
/ˈætɪtjuːd/ (n) (+ towards/to)
attitude His attitude towards the problem is ingenious.
thái độ = view, opinion
We need to prepare some medieval banquets for
banquet /ˈbæŋkwɪt/ [C] (n): bó hoa
this event.
/bɪˈheɪv/ (v) hành xử, cư xử
behave He behaves very ignorantly during class.
đúng mực ≠ misbehave
His ignorant behavior made me very mad
behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə/ [C] (n): hành vi
yesterday.
/ˌwel bɪˈheɪvd/ (a): biết cư xử Tom is a well-behaved boy who always
well-behaved
đúng đắn respectfully greets the elderly

bless /blɛs/ (v): ban phước The reverend blessed us with good health.

be blessed with được ban phước The girl was blessed with luck and fortune.

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We ask God's blessing on Joan at this difficult

blessing /ˈblɛsɪŋ/ [C] (n): phước lành
time.

bride /braɪd/ [C] (n) cô dâu The bride is walking down the aisle with her dad.

/ braɪdl/ (adj): thuộc/của cô

bridal The bridal gown is being prepared.
dâu
The wedding ceremony is performed according
ceremony /ˈsɛrɪməni/ [C] (n): buổi lễ
to traditions.
/ˌsɛrəˈməʊniəl/ (adj): mang
ceremonial The men were dressed in ceremonial black robes.
tính tôn nghiêm, lễ
/kənˈsɜːn/ [C] (n): điều băn His concern about the safety of the building is
concern
khoăn building up.

concern /kənˈsɜːn/ (v): lo lắng = worry It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact.

She confided that most of her clients were actors.

/kənˈfaɪd/ (v): tâm sự =
confide As sisters, they have always confided to each
confess, disclose
other about their personal problems.
All information will be treated as strictly
confidential /ˌkɒnfɪˈdɛnʃəl/ (adj): riêng tư
confidential.
We’re building up confidence as we stand for
confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ [U] (n): sự tự tin
our viewpoint.
/ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ (adj): tự tin ≠ Although he looks confident, deep inside, he’s a
confident
diffident (adj): tự ti shy boy.
/ˈkɒnɪkəl/ (adj): giống hình
conical We are making conical hats for the party.
nón
Today, we’re going to learn how to calculate the
cone /kəʊn/ [C] (n): hình nón
volume of the cone.
/ˈkɒntrækt/ [C] (n): hợp đồng
contract We made a contract with MTP Entertainment.
= deal, agreement
(1) : Be careful and don’t go out or you’ll contract
/kɒn’trækt/ (v): (1) nhiễm coronavirus.
contract
bệnh; (2) giảm đi về số lượng (2) : A recession is a period when the economy is
contracting.
/kənˈtræktjʊəl/ (adj): mang Are you under a contractual obligation to any
contractual
tính thương thảo other company?
The prime minister is to meet his European
counterpart /ˈkaʊntəpɑːt/ [C] (n): đối tác
counterparts to discuss the war against drugs.

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/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ (v): quyết định = She determined that one day she would be an
determined
decide actor.
be determined He is determined to lose weight by the end of this
quyết tâm làm gì
to do sth summer.
/daɪˈvɜːs/ (adj): đa dạng =
diverse New York is a culturally diverse city.
various, different
/daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ/ (v): đa dạng hóa = Farmers are increasingly diversifying into other
diversify
vary activities to supplement their incomes.
/daɪˈvɜːsɪti/ [U] (n): sự đa dạng There seemed to be an infinite diversity of
diversity
= variety, range, scope possibilities.
/ɪnˈvɛləp/ (v): bao bọc = cover,
envelop The entire area was enveloped in fog.
wrap, enclose
I folded the letter in half and put it in an
envelope /ˈen.və.ləʊp/ [C] (n): bao thư
envelope.
/ˈiːkwəl/ (1): (v): cân bằng; (2): (1) : We raised over $500 for charity last year and
equal (adj): bằng, đồng đều = we're hoping to equal that this year.
identical, same, uniform (2) : A kilogram is equal to 1000 grams.
/i(ː)ˈkwɒlɪti/ [U] (n): sự cân We are trying to promote gender equality in the
equality
bằng = balance workplace environment.
/ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ (a): tương đương
An F in the final test is equivalent to failing in the
equivalent = comparable; ≠ different,
course.
opposite
/ɪˈkwɪvələns/ [U] (n): sự tương
There's a general equivalence between the two
equivalence đương = correspondence,
concepts.
likeness, equality
/ˈʤɛnəreɪt/ (v): phát động = The plan is projected to generate more jobs for
generate
produce, create, spawn the unemployed.
/ˌʤɛnəˈreɪʃən/ [C/U] (n) (1):
(1) : Generation Z or Gen Z is a term that refers to
thế hệ = age, epoch, era,
people born after 2001.
generation period; (2): sự hình thành =
(2) : There is a carefully planned generation of
creation, production,
excitement surrounding each software release.
construction
(1) : The groom is holding the hand of the bride
/grʊm/ (1) (n) chú rể; (2) (v): while putting the ring on her ring finger.
groom
cho động vật đi spa (2) : You must be prepared to spend time
grooming your dog

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Our monthly income is fixed until we do
/ˈɪnkʌm/ [C/U] (n) nguồn thu something that has a great impact on our
income
nhập = salary, wage company.

/meɪnˈteɪn/ (v): giữ gìn = The phone maintains its usefulness despite being
maintain
sustain, manage, preserve 5 years old.
/ˈmeɪntənəns/ [U] (n): sự giữ
maintenance gìn = preservation, Old houses need a lot of maintenance.
sustainability
/əˈblaɪʤ/ (v): tuân theo = The law obliges companies to pay decent wages
oblige
follow, compel, serve to their employees.
/ˌɒblɪˈgeɪʃən/ [C] (n): điều bắt The government has an obligation to assist relief
obligation
buộc = duty, responsibility efforts.
/ɒˈblɪgətəri/ (adj): bắt buộc = a A medical examination before you start work is
obligatory
must, required obligatory.
We’re obliged to the rules of the company to
be obliged to tuân theo
make sure that the company can run with ease.
(be) much "Here's the information you requested." - "Oh,
rất biết ơn, cảm kích
obliged much obliged."
(1) : The two companies are partners in a contract
/ˈpɑːtnə/ [C] (n) (1): đồng
to build the new factory.
partner nghiệp = colleague; (2): người
(2) : I've invited David and his partner over for
tình = lover
dinner.
/ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/ [U] (n): mối quan The university works in partnership with several
partnership
hệ công việc local businesses.
/priːˈsiːd/ (v): dẫn trước = It would be helpful if you were to precede the
precede
follow, introduce report with an introduction.
/priːˈsiːdəns/ [U] (n): ưu tiên = Precedence must be given to the injured in the
precedence
priority, primacy evacuation plans.
There are several precedents for promoting
precedent /ˈpres.ə.dent/ [C] (n): tiền lệ
people who don't have formal qualifications.
/rɪˈʤɛkt/ (v): từ chối = deny, The prime minister rejected the suggestion that it
reject
refuse was time for him to resign.
/rɪˈʤɛkʃən/ [C] (n): sự từ chối = I've applied for ten jobs, but I've had ten rejection
rejection
refusal, denial, dismissal letters.
/rɪm/ [C] (n): vành đai = edge,
rim The rim of the cup was chipped and broken.
border

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(1) Many women sacrifice interesting careers for
/ˈsækrɪfaɪs/ (1) (v): hy sinh =
their families.
sacrifice contribute; (2) [C] (n) : sự hy
(2) They cared for their disabled son for 27 years,
sinh
at a great personal sacrifice.
/ˌsækrɪˈfɪʃəl/ (a) mang tính hy
sacrificial sinh, hiến tế = expiatory, The priest held up the head of the sacrificial goat.
atoning
/səˈluːʃən/ [C] (n) (1): hướng (1) : The solution for the question will be given
solution dẫn, lời giải = key, answer; after the class.
[U/C] (2): dung dịch = liquid (2) : A solution of salt and sugar.
(1) : The spirit of a girl wearing a purple ao dai
/ˈspɪrɪt/ [C] (n) (1): linh hồn = has been an urban legend since the French
spirit phantom, ghost; (2): tinh thần colonization era.
= guts, attitude (2) : The anthem shows the spirit of the people
during the war.
/ˈspɪrɪtjʊəl/ (adj): mang tính
spiritual Religion focuses on the spiritual side of life.
tâm linh
/ˈsɪmbəl/ [C] (n) biểu tượng,
symbol The symbol of peace is a pigeon.
ký hiệu = icon, sign
/ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ (v) tượng trưng
symbolize The pigeon symbolizes peace.
cho = represent, show
/trəˈdɪʃən/ [C] (n) truyền
It’s the tradition that we wait for everyone to be
tradition thống = practice, custom,
at the table before eating.
ritual
/trəˈdɪʃənl/ (adj) truyền thống
The school uses a combination of modern and
traditional = customary, standard,
traditional methods for teaching reading.
regular

ADVANCED VOCABULARY: CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Words/ Phrases Transcription & Meaning(s) Example
Knowledge of language is an important
cultural identity [C] (n): bản sắc văn hóa prerequisite for participating in one's culture and
maintaining cultural identity.
The new shopping mall offers a wide range of
recreational
[C] (n): hoạt động giải trí recreational activities like cinemas, gaming, and
activity
karaoke.
superstitious The ethnic minorities in this area still have
[C] (n): những niềm tin mê tín
beliefs superstitious beliefs that date back centuries.

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exert an impact The music band exerts a great impact on social
(v): gây ảnh hưởng lên cái gì
on sth media to become more famous worldwide.
/prəˈnaʊnst/ (a): rất rõ ràng, The introduction of Korean culture has had a
pronounced
chắc chắn pronounced effect on teenagers in general.
make hotel It is recommended that guests make their hotel
(v): đặt phòng khách sạn
reservation reservations in advance rather than on arrival.
(phrasal v.) bắt đầu làm/giải After putting up the tent, she set about making a
set about
quyết việc gì fire.
The festive season is the time when we get to
(n): khoảng thời gian từ Giáng
festive season spend special moments with our family and
Sinh đến năm mới [singular]
friends and wish the best things for each other.
The shop sells hundreds of cheeses, in a
/ˈmaʊθˌwɔː.tə.rɪŋ/ (a): (đồ ăn)
mouthwatering mouthwatering variety of shapes, textures and
trông có vẻ rất ngon
tastes.
The family now resides in a small town in
reside /rɪˈzaɪd/ (v): ở, cư trú
southern France.
The architects hope that their new design will be
stand the test (idiom): vẫn còn nổi tiếng, bền
able to stand the test of time and be available for
of time vững sau một thời gian dài
future generations.
A country's future prosperity depends, to an
/prɒsˈper.ə.ti/ [U] (n): sự phát
prosperity extent, upon the quality of education of its
đạt
people.
(idiom): làm cho ai cảm thấy There was one scene in the film that really blew
blow sb’s mind
bất ngờ và hứng thú my mind.

UNIT 2: URBANIZATION
Words/ Phrases Transcription & Meaning(s) Example
/ˈæɡ.rə.kʌl.tʃɚ/ [U] (n): nông Agriculture is still largely based on traditional
agriculture
nghiệp methods in some countries.
/ˌæɡ.rɪˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/ (a): thuộc về The world's supply of agricultural land is
agricultural
nông nghiệp shrinking fast.
/əˈper.ənt/ (a): rõ ràng = The poor living conditions of the apartment were
apparent
obvious, evident apparent to everyone.
/ˈɑː.di.əns/ [C] (n): khán giả The audience was/were clearly delighted with
audience
(xem kịch, hát, phim, …) the performance in the new theater.
/ˌkɑːn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/ [U] (n): (1)
(1) There is a heavy concentration of traffic in the
concentration sự tập trung; (2) khả năng tập
area.
trung

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(2) The noise from the constructions made
students’ concentration difficult.
traffic [U] (n): tình trạng ùn tắc giao The traffic congestion in the city gets worse
congestion thông during the summer.
Older people tend to be conservative and
conservative /kənˈsɝː.və.tɪ̬ v/ (a): bảo thủ
suspicious of anything new.
He seems fairly content with his new life in the
city center.
content /kənˈtent/ (a): hài lòng
They're content to socialize with a very small
circle of people.
The judges will focus mainly on the content of
content /ˈkɑːn.tent/ [C] (n): nội dung
your product, not the decoration.
/ˈkruː.ʃəl/ (a): rất quan trọng = It is crucial that we hand in our work before 12
crucial
critical, important, vital pm today.
In the dictionary, the word "crucial" is defined as
define /dɪˈfaɪn/ (v): định nghĩa
"being extremely important or necessary".
/ˌdef.ɪˈnɪʃ.ən/ [C] (n): định Each country has its definition of the terms
definition
nghĩa 'asylum seeker' and 'refugee'.
Because of the dense fog, the cars have to stop
dense /dens/ (a): dày đặc
moving to avoid hitting each other.
/dɪˈskrɪm.ə.neɪt/ (v): phân biệt
She felt she had been discriminated against
discriminate đối xử (vì màu da, giới tính,
because of her age.
chủng tộc,…)
/dɪˌskrɪm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ [U] (n): sự
There should be no discrimination on the
discrimination phân biệt đối xử (vì màu da,
grounds of colour.
giới tính, chủng tộc,…)
/ˌdaʊn.tuːˈɝːθ/ (a): hợp lý và The players like the coach because he’s down-to-
down-to-earth
thiết thực earth and honest with them.

drought /draʊt/ [C or U] (n): hạn hán This year a severe drought has ruined the crops.

dweller /ˈdwel·ər/ [C] (n): cư dân The number of city dwellers is increasing rapidly

/iˈmɪʃ.ən/ [C or U] (n): (1) sự (1) The emission of gas from vehicles has a
thải ra (khí, nhiệt, …); (2) negative effect on the atmosphere.
emission
lượng khí, nhiệt, … được thải (2) He uses a special device that detects heat
ra emissions.
[C or U] (n): khí thải (từ ống Gas emission is a major factor contributing to air
gas emission
khói, xe cộ, …) pollution in cities.

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/ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/ [U] (n): việc
More and more young people are leaving rural
employment làm/ tình trạng có việc làm ≠
areas to find employment in the cities.
unemployment
/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/ (a): (1) bận rộn, (1) They are engaged in their classmate's
engaged chú tâm vào việc gì; (2) kết presentation
hôn (2) She was engaged to some guy in the army.
/ekˈses.ɪv/ (a): quá nhiều, quá Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health
excessive
mức problems.
/ɪkˈspænd/ (v): nở ra, mở rộng
expand The air in the balloon expands when heated.
* shrink
/ɪkˈspæn.ʃən/ [C or U] (n): sự Any further industrial expansion in the area will
expansion
mở rộng face fierce opposition from environmentalists.
We need to make sure that we exploit our
exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ (v): khai thác
resources as fully as possible.
/ˌek.splɔɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ [U] (n): sự The excessive exploitation of the world's
exploitation
khai thác resources is rapidly destroying our planet.
/fəˈsɪlɪtiz/ (n): cơ sở vật chất The hotel has special facilities for welcoming
facilities
(plural) disabled people.
/ˈfaɪ.nəl.aɪz/ (v): hoàn thành, We'll finalize the details for our presentation this
finalize
hoàn tất evening.

fix /fɪks/ (v): ấn định Shall we fix a time for our next meeting?

/fɪkst/ (a): đã được sắp xếp, cố

fixed Is the date of the wedding fixed yet?
định
/ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt/ (v): dao động, Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the
fluctuate
biến động season.
/ˌflʌk.tʃuˈeɪ.ʃən/ [C or U] (n): There are many issues that are likely to cause
fluctuation
sự dao động fluctuation in fish stocks.
/ˈfoʊ.kəs/ (v): tập trung = The students try to focus on what the teacher is
focus
concentrate drawing on the board.
/ˈfoʊ.kəs/ [C or U] (n): sự tập We should put more focus on new solutions to
focus
trung = concentration air pollution in our city.
/ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl/ (a): dần dần, There's a gradual change in the direction of the
gradual
chậm rãi wind if you head north.
/ˈɡrædʒ.u.ə.li/ (adv): dần dần, Gradually, she realized that he wasn't telling her
gradually
chậm rãi the truth.

housing /ˈhaʊ.zɪŋ/ [U] (n): nhà cửa The city is building new housing for the elderly.

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/ˈɪl.ə.streɪt/ (v): minh họa = The manager illustrated his ideas by using paper
illustrate
show models.
It is imperative that you see the president right
/ɪmˈper.ə.t̬ɪv/ (a): cấp bách, now.
imperative
quan trọng It's imperative to act now before the problem gets
really serious.
He has to do a lot of work after school to help
income /ˈɪn.kʌm/ [U] (n): thu nhập
increase his family's monthly income.
industrialize /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.ə.laɪz/ (v): công The country's top priority this year is to
nghiệp hóa industrialize its major cities.
/ɪnˌdʌs.tri.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [U] (n): The rapid industrialization of Asian countries
industrialization
quá trình công nghiệp hóa has created new and modern cities.
/ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃɚ/ [C] (n): cơ sở More money is needed to maintain and improve
infrastructure
hạ tầng the city's infrastructure.
/ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/ [C] (n): người The first inhabitant of the town was my
inhabitant hoặc con vật sinh sống tại một grandfather, who built this huge hotel for
địa điểm travelers from other regions.
/ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪ̬ v/ [C] (n): ý tưởng, The people are suggesting initiatives to reduce
initiative
sáng kiến mới air pollution in the city.
/ˈɪʃ.uː/ or /ˈɪs.juː/ [C] (n): vấn
issue She usually discusses environmental issues.
đề
The people in this area are complaining about the
lack /læk/ [U] (n): sự thiếu hụt
lack of fresh water.

lack /læk/ (v): thiếu, không có His speech lacks empathy for the poor.

We should raise people's awareness of the long-

long-term /ˌlɑːŋˈtɝːm/ (a): lâu dài
term effects of this new drug.
/ˈmæs.ɪv/ (a): to lớn = huge, There's a massive pile of trash blocking the gate
massive
enormous, gigantic of the building.
(1) The majority of the city's population is
/ˈmaɪ.ɡrənt/ (n): (1) người di migrants from surrounding provinces.
migrant
cư; (2) động vật di trú [C] (2) These birds are winter migrants from
Scandinavia.
(1) This species of fish migrates to deeper water
/ˈmaɪ.ɡreɪt/ (v): (1) di trú (động during mating season.
migrate
vật); (2) di cư (con người) (2) Workers migrate into large cities to find better
job opportunities.

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/ˈmaɪnd.set/ [C] (n): lối suy His mindset is so different from other people that
mindset
nghĩ, tư duy he cannot work with anyone.
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈloʊd/ (v): Don't try to overload the listeners with useless
overload
giao/đưa/cung cấp quá nhiều information.
/ˈpɑː.vɚ.ti/ [U] (n): tình trạng
poverty Two million people in the city live in poverty.
nghèo khó
/ˈpref.ər.ə.bəl/ (a): tốt hơn, Staying at home is certainly preferable to going
preferable
thích hợp hơn out with someone you don't like.
It is his dream to study at that prestigious
prestigious /presˈtɪdʒ.əs/ (a): danh giá
university.
We didn't expect such progressive attitudes from
/prəˈɡres.ɪv/ (v): mới mẻ và
progressive the elders of the village when they talked about
tiến bộ
the issues of marriage.
/prəˈpɔːr.ʃən/ [C or U] (n): tỉ lệ, Children make up a large proportion of the
proportion
phần world's population.
He proposes a new method to teach Biology
propose /prəˈpoʊz/ (n): đề xuất
more effectively.
/ˈprɑː.spekt/ [C or U] (n): khả There seems little prospect of an end to the
prospect
năng violence.
The old farmer provides his friends with fresh
vegetables from his garden. *provide sb with sth
provide /prəˈvaɪd/ (v): cung cấp The old farmer provides fresh vegetables from
his garden to his friends.
*provide sth for sb
/prəˈvɪʒ.ən/ [C or U] (n): sự The provision of fresh water will be essential for
provision
cung cấp the locals to get through the drought.
The actress's impolite comment provokes severe
provoke /prəˈvoʊk/ (v): gây ra
criticism.
/prəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/ (a): mang tính
The programme will take a detailed and
provocative kích thích (suy nghĩ, phản
provocative look at the problem of homelessness.
ứng)
thought- /ˈθɑːt.prəˌvoʊk.ɪŋ/ (a): đáng It was such a thought-provoking movie that we
provoking nghiền ngẫm, suy ngẫm had to watch it twice to fully understand it.
He cannot keep up with the rapid changes in her
rapid /ˈræp.ɪd/ (a): nhanh, bất chợt
emotions.
/ˌreɡ.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ [C] (n): quy New safety regulations have been brought in to
regulation
định ensure the workers' safety.

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The local residents were angry at the lack of
resident /ˈrez.ə.dənt/ [C] (n): dân cư
parks and trees in the area.
/ˌrez.əˈden.ʃəl/ (a): thuộc khu He prefers to settle down in a quiet residential
residential
vực dân cư area.
Tom wishes to spend the rest of his life in a rural
rural /ˈrʊr.əl/ (a): nông thôn
area when he gets old.
/ˌsæn.əˈteɪ.ʃən/ [U] (n): điều Many illnesses in these prisons are the result of
sanitation
kiện vệ sinh poor sanitation.
The migrants move to the capital to seek well-
seek /siːk/ (v): tìm kiếm
paid jobs.
/səˈvɪr/ (a): nghiêm trọng, The drought has caused severe damage to the
severe
trầm trọng crops.
/slʌm/ [C] (n): khu ổ chuột = The poor sanitation of the slums of Mumbai has
slum
shantytown made it easier for the virus to spread.

solve /sɑːlv/ (v): giải quyết We did all we could to solve the problem.

The price of pork remains stable throughout the

stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ (a): ổn định
year.
Our country has enjoyed a long period of peace
stability /stəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ [U] (n): sự ổn định
and stability.
/stəˈtɪs·tɪks/ (n): số liệu thống The statistics show that, in general, women live
statistics
kê (plural) longer than men.
I'll just summarize the main points of the
summarize /ˈsʌm.ə.raɪz/ (v): tóm tắt
argument in a few words.
They managed to sustain their tradition when
sustain /səˈsteɪn/ (v): duy trì
they were living abroad.
/səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ (a): có thể duy It is essential that we seek a clean and sustainable
sustainable
trì, bền vững source of energy.
/swɪtʃ ɔf/ (phrasal v): ngưng If he gets bored during the lesson, he just
switch off
tập trung switches off and looks out the window.
His grandfather underwent an operation to
undergo /ˌʌn.dɚˈɡoʊ/ (v): trải qua
remove the tumor in his left lung last year.
Teachers always have to improve their
/ˌʌp.tə ˈdeɪt/ (a): hiện đại, cập
up-to-date knowledge and make sure that their lessons are
nhật thông tin mới
up-to-date.
People often prefer living in urban areas to living
urban /ˈɝː.bən/ (a): thành thị
in rural ones.

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/ˌɝː.bən.əˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [U] (n): sự Urbanization is important because it helps
urbanization
đô thị hóa improve the life quality of the people in an area.
/ˈɝː.dʒənt/ (a): rất quan trọng The most urgent thing to do in a fire is to make
urgent
và khẩn cấp sure that everyone is out of the building.
/ˈvɪʒ.u.əl/ [C] (n): vật minh Using both words and visuals makes it easier for
visual
họa (tranh, ảnh, phim, …) students to understand the lesson.
/ˈvaɪ.t̬əl/ (a): thiết yếu, quan Communication is vital for the development of
vital
trọng young children.
When we saw her weather-beaten face, we knew
/ˈweðəˌbiː.tən/ (a): dãi dầu
weather-beaten immediately that she had been a farmer for a long
mưa nắng
time.
/ˌwel ˈnoʊn/ (a): nổi tiếng = Ms. Hoa is a well-known singer who comes from
well-known
famous, popular the south of Vietnam.

ADVANCED VOCABULARY: URBANIZATION

Words/ Phrases Transcription & Meaning(s) Example
a better quality The church, she said, is just trying to give
(n): chất lượng sống tốt hơn
of life homeless people a better quality of life.
[C] (n): một khủng hoảng The COVID-19 pandemic has quickly spread and
a global crisis
toàn cầu become a global crisis.
a heavy
[C] (n): hậu quả nặng nề về The impact of continuous quarantines has created
psychological
tâm lý a heavy psychological toll for young people.
toll
(idiom): một nơi mà có nhiều
Carl’s bar is a place to be on Saturday nights
a place to be người tới và có các sự kiện thú
where people often gather to dance and drink.
vị diễn ra
/əˈkɑː.mə.deɪt/ (v): cung cấp There aren’t enough rooms to accommodate all
accommodate
chỗ ở the students.
They did nothing to alleviate her pain after they
alleviate /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/ (v): làm cho dịu đi
had told her the tragic news.
/əˈmen.ə.t̬i/ [C] (n): những
Employees can get access to many amenities such
amenity thứ làm cho cuộc sống dễ chịu
as restrooms, medical care, and a lunchroom.
và thoải mái hơn
The most striking change is probably the fact that
apartment
[C] (n): khu chung cư my city has more apartment complexes and
complex
skyscrapers.
(idiom) thích cái gì đó rất
be big on I'm not very big on classical music.
nhiều

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If small wounds are left untreated, they may
be left untreated không được điều trị
develop into serious infections.
Governments around the world have come up
boost economic
tăng năng suất kinh tế with different measures to boost economic
productivity
productivity during the pandemic.
In many of these cases, we are concerned with
bring about whether or not we can bring about positive
(v): mang lại hậu quả
consequences consequences in the neighborhood by launching
more environmental campaigns.
/kwɪˈziːn/ [U] (n): (nền) ẩm Visitors can enjoy a variety of cuisines from
cuisine
thực around the world when they visit the US.
We paid a deposit of £5,000 on the house and
deposit /dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/ [U] (n): tiền cọc
paid the balance four weeks later.
/ˌdet.rəˈmen.tə̬ l/ (a): ảnh These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact
detrimental
hưởng xấu, làm hại on the environment.
/ˌdɪs.prəˈpɔːr.ʃən.ət.li/ (adv):
disproportionat The impoverished in the city have been
theo một cách quá nhiều hoặc
ely disproportionately affected by the lockdowns.
quá ít đối với ai/cái gì
endure squalid
chịu đựng điều kiện sống dơ People who live in the slums have to endure
living
bẩn, mất vệ sinh squalid living conditions.
conditions
/ɪɡˈzæs.ɚ.beɪt/ (v): làm xấu, tệ
This attack will exacerbate the already tense
exacerbate đi = aggravate = worsen =
relations between the two communities.
compound
cụm từ dùng để chỉ các nước
Examples of First World countries include the
First World giàu, có nên công nghiệp phát
United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand,
countries triển cao và nền kinh tế mạnh
Japan, and some Western European countries.
mẽ
The city has a high population density partly
high population [ C or U ] (n): mật độ dân số
because people from surrounding provinces
density cao
often migrate to it for job opportunities.
phải/ nên có được thứ đang People living in slums are often in dire need of
in need of
cần food, clean water, and basic medications.
The charity group is trying to improve healthcare
low-resource nơi có nguồn tài nguyên hạn
in low-resource environments of developing
environments chế = resource-poor settings
countries.
[C] /ˈmɔːr.ɡɪdʒ/ (n): khoản They took out a £40,000 mortgage to buy the
mortgage
tiền vay house.

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/mjuːˈnɪs.ə.pəl/ (a): thuộc về The government plans to establish more
municipal
thành phố municipal parks in the next year.
pay/pay
She said was he struggling to pay a mortgage on
off/repay a trả khoản tiền vay
the house where his family lived.
mortgage
(a): lan rộng, xuất hiện ở khắp
mọi nơi = prevalent = We quickly noticed a pervasive smell of diesel
pervasive
ubiquitous = omnipresent = when we entered the crime scene.
widespread
Likewise in Hanoi, property prices have been
property prices [plural] (n): giá bất động sản
continuously rising, albeit at a slower pace.
/ˌrem.əˈnɪs.ənt/ (a): làm cho ta That song is so reminiscent of my past as a young
reminiscent
nhớ đến ai/cái gì carefree boy.
respiratory Heavy smokers often suffer from many
[C] (n) bệnh hô hấp
illness respiratory illnesses, which include lung cancer.
strike/hit the tác động đến người nghèo The constant lockdowns have struck the poor the
poor the hardest nhiều nhất hardest.
The rising cost of living in the country has forced
the cost of living [U] (n): chi phí sinh hoạt
many people to take second jobs.
She finds it hard to get used to the hectic pace of
the hectic pace [C] (n): nhịp sống bận rộn của
city life, and she misses the peaceful life in her
of city life thành thị
hometown.
the lowest People in the lowest socioeconomic groups are
[C] (n): nhóm có hoàn cảnh
socioeconomic generally at greater risk of poor health, have
kinh tế khó khăn trong xã hội
group higher rates of illness, disability, and death.
the moral of the [C] (n): bài học rút ra (từ 1 câu So, what's the moral of the story? Do not quickly
story chuyện) judge anyone by their appearance.
cụm từ dùng để chỉ các nước
nghèo, nền kinh tế kém phát The bank has long sought to foster growth in the
Third World triển. (hiện nay cụm từ này đã Third World by financing state-owned
trở nên lỗi thời và được cho là industries.
mang tính xúc phạm)
The city’s hospital is planning to deliver free
to deliver
chữa trị, điều trị treatment to those who suffer from visual
treatment
impairments.
to reap large Investing in education will certainly reap large
gặt hái nhiều thành công
returns returns in the future.

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We suggest building more shopping malls and
/ˈvaɪ.brənt/ (a): sống động,
vibrant parks with the hope that this area will develop
nhộn nhịp
into a vibrant commercial center.
/ˌɪn.dɪˈspjuː.t̬ə.bli/ (adv): theo
The Prado Museum indisputably holds the
indisputably một cách không thể chối cãi,
world’s greatest collection of Spanish paintings.
không thể nghi ngờ
The committee offers monetary awards for
monetary
[C] (n): phần thưởng tiền participants with the best design ideas for the
award
new park in the town.
The Hong Kong Observatory is a government
/əbˈzɝː.və.tɔːr.i/ [C] (n): đài
observatory department responsible for monitoring and
quan sát
forecasting weather and other related research.
/ˌɒb.zəˈveɪ.ʃən/ [U] (n): sự The police are keeping the suspect under
observation
quan sát observation.
spectacular [C] (n): quang cảnh ngoạn This position commanded a spectacular view of
view mục, hùng vĩ the whole bay.
cụm từ được dùng để nhấn
This is the best park I've been to in life life, bar
bar none mạnh rằng ai đó/ cái gì là tốt
none.
nhất
central business [C] (n): quận kinh doanh Every business day, 6.7 million commuters crowd
district trung tâm (= CBD) into Manhattan's central business district.
/kræʃ/ (v): ngủ nhờ nhà ai một
crash (v): ngủ
đêm (thường là không dự They crashed on my floor after the party.
tạm
tính trước)
/laʊndʒ/ (phrasal v.) dành
lounge around thời gian rất thoải mái, ngồi
We spent our days lounging around the pool.
(sth) hoặc nằm và không làm gì
nhiều
Although the city is filled with modern facilities,
/ˌdʒer.iˈæt.rɪk/ (a): liên quan/
geriatric it lacks geriatric hospitals to take care of the
dành cho người già
elderly.
/tuːˈmʌl.tʃu.əs/ (a): rất ồn ào, The market soon becomes a tumultuous place
tumultuous
huyên náo due to the lack of managers.
have an
có một tầm nhìn không bị che We have an unobstructed view of the stage
unobstructed
khuất của cái gì thanks to the seats upstairs.
view of sth
short-term The DVD shop only offers short-term rentals to
[C] (n): đợt thuê ngắn hạn
rental its customers.

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We have six desks in this room, so we're a little
cramped /kræmpt/ (a): chật chội
cramped for space.
/ˈʌp.skeɪl/ (a): giàu có, thượng The company aims for providing its services to
upscale
lưu upscale residential neighborhoods.
housewarming We're having a housewarming party on Friday if
(n): tiệc tân gia
party you'd like to come.
/ˌaʊtˈreɪ.dʒəs/ (a): gây sốc và
It is outrageous that these buildings remain
outrageous không chấp nhận được về
empty while thousands of people have no homes.
đạo đức
/ˈɜr·bən ˈsprɔl/ [U] (n): sự lan
Huge tourist attractions have produced choking
urban sprawl rộng của 1 thành phố ra khu
urban sprawl.
vực lân xung quanh
/ˈskɔːr.tʃɪŋ/ (a): rất nóng, oi The lack of air conditioning in the rooms makes
scorching hot
bức them scorching hot during summer.
towering I was deeply amazed by the towering
(n): tòa nhà cao ốc
skyscraper skyscrapers in New York City.
/ˈhaɪ.raɪz/ [C] (n): tòa nhà cao
high-rise She lives in a high-rise overlooking the river.
hiện đại với nhiều tầng
/ˈhaɪ.raɪz/ (a): (tòa nhà) cao, có There are many high-rise office buildings in the
high-rise
nhiều tầng city center.
Today, the city has the largest industrial park in
industrial park (n): khu công nghiệp the southern hemisphere and a metropolitan
population of upwards of seventeen million.
/ˈhek.tɪk/ (a): nhộn nhịp, hối The area has become a haven for people tired of
hectic pace
hả the hectic pace of city life.
to be strewn
ngập tràn rác The park was strewn with litter after the concert.
with litter
narrow There are beautiful narrow cobblestone streets
những con đường hẹp bằng
cobblestone that vine out from the main square into alleyways
đá cuội
streets lined with colorful buildings.
gourmet nhà hàng phục vụ ẩm thực Here in the city, you can find a dozen of gourmet
restaurant chất lượng cao restaurants like Bentley’s or Gusteau’s.
Every evening, Jim always buys an ice cream
street vendor [C] (n): người bán hàng rong
cone from the street vendor near his house.
/kæfˈeɪ/ [C] (n): quán/tiệm cà Many teenagers nowadays enjoy spending their
café
phê free time in new trendy café.
People will feel much more encouraged and feel
street crime [U] (n): tội phạm đường phố
safer if we crack down on street crime.

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pulsating (n): cuộc sống về đêm nhộn The thing we loved most during our stay in New
nightlife nhịp, náo nhiệt York was its pulsating nightlife.
winding (n): con đường đi bộ quanh On the south side of the park, there is a winding
footpath co, ngoằn ngoèo footpath that leads to a nearby forest.
Once famous for its secluded beaches, the bay
secluded (n): những bãi biển im ắng và
area is now filled with tourists and strewn with
beaches cách xa con người, đường đi
litter.
Travelers often visit the island because they love
sun-drenched
(n): những bãi biển đầy nắng its sun-drenched beaches and crystal-clear
beaches
water.
families on the (n): những gia đình có hoàn
We need to find ways to aid families on the
margins of cảnh khó khăn (nghèo, không
margins of society during the pandemic.
society có nhà, v.v.)
Beginning in the 1920s, the government enacted a
welfare
(n): các chương trình phúc lợi series of welfare programs to provide medical
programs
care and financial support.
alleviate The government is making tremendous efforts to
(v): xóa đói giảm nghèo
poverty alleviate poverty during the pandemic.
The problem of child labor is still front and center
child labor (n): lao động trẻ em
in the globalized economy.
individuals
Individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds
from (n): những cá nhân có hoàn
live in bad conditions and tend not to get a good
disadvantaged cảnh khó khăn
education or have a reasonable standard of living.
backgrounds
The neighborhood endured weeks of incessant
incessant noise (n): tiếng ồn không ngừng
noise from the construction of a new hotel.
/ˈpaʊ.ɚ ˌaʊ.tɪ̬ dʒ/ [C] (n): đợt Storms caused power outages in hundreds of
power outage
cúp điện homes last night.
be plunged into The town was plunged into darkness when the
chìm vào bóng tối
darkness power plant stopped working.
apply traffic- (v): áp dụng các biện pháp các The city authorities had to apply traffic-calming
calming phương tiện di chuyển chậm measures due to the recent rise of traffic
measures lại accidents.

PRACTICE
Question 1. The world is on the verge of a crisis because of Covid-19.
A. financial B. finance C. financially D. finances
Question 2. It is very to be caught in a lie.

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A. embarrassment B. embarrassingly C. embarrassing D. embarrass
Question 3. We’d like you to keep this information .
A. confidence B. confidential C. confidentially D. confide
Question 4. Always wear goggles as a for your eyes when using the machines.
A. protective B. protect C. protectively D. protection
Question 5. We show our greatest towards our beloved teacher.
A. appreciation B. appreciatively C. appreciate D. appreciative
Question 6. We are to create a more globalized and foreigner-friendly club.
A. determination B. determined C. determine D. determinedly
Question 7. His saddens me because he’s the person I want to invite to the party.
A. rejection B. rejected C. reject D. rejecting
Question 8. For reasons, the newly appointed boss won’t give out his name until he
finishes the procedures.
A. contract B. contractor C. contractually D. contractual
Question 9. It's her moral to tell the police what she knows.
A. oblige B. obligation C. obligatory D. obligate
Question 10. Businesspeople often think that fluency and communication take over
grammar when speaking.
A. precedes B. precedently C. precedence D. precedent
Question 11. In many Asian families, three or even four living under the same house is
a normal thing.
A. generators B. generate C. generations D. generational
Question 12. She is well aware of her to men.
A. attractiveness B. attraction C. attract D. attractive
Question 13. Many women interesting careers for their families.
A. sacrificial B. sacrifices C. sacrificially D. sacrifice
Question 14. The of MH370 has caused a massive public outcry for 7 years and many
demands for a valid answer.
A. appear B. disappear C. disappearance D. appearance
Question 15. The ecosystem is in danger because we have noticed the downgrade in the
of fauna and flora.
A. diversify B. diversity C. diverse D. diversification
Question 16. Lacking basic commodities in dangerous urban slums in Brazil has become more
and more when the pandemic hit.
A. prevailing B. prevalence C. prevalent D. prevail

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Question 17. Asian parents don’t express their like Western parents.
A. emotionally B. emotions C. emotional D. emoticon
Question 18. They got married last year after a whirlwind .
A. Romans B. romantic C. romance D. romantically
Question 19. The of him having a girlfriend is very small.
A. likeness B. like C. likely D. likelihood
Question 20. When marrying a person whose nationality isn’t the same as yours, you might
bump into a shock.
A. cultural B. culture C. culturally D. cultured
Question 21. “Black Lives Matter” is a movement to eradicate against black people.
A. discriminatory B. discrimination C. discriminate D. discriminative
Question 22. The rapid of Asian countries is apparent after they remove the imperial
ideology and follow new and creative measurements.
A. industry B. industrial C. industrialization D. industrialize
Question 23. Covid-19 has hit the poor the hardest, making them even .
A. unemployment B. unemploy C. unemployable D. employable
Question 24. In populated area, such places like convenience stores, restaurants and so
on are a must.
A. densed B. density C. dense D. densely
Question 25. You are in effect getting an interest- loan on 30% of your mortgage.
A. free B. freely C. freestyle D. freedom
Question 26. Students who study too much are prone to a heavy toll.
A. psycho B. psychologically C. psychological D. psychology
Question 27. An increase in average temperature by only a few degrees could cause
environmental problems .
A. world-class B. worldwide C. world D. world-beater
Question 28. Rapid has led to overpopulation in some cities in our country.
A. urbanization B. urban C. suburban D. suburbs
Question 29. During the pandemic, it is of great importance that we constantly maintain proper
in our homes.
A. sanitation B. sanitary C. sanitize D. sanitizer
Question 30. In an effort to increase profits, the company plans to its production
facilities.
A. central B. center C. centralize D. centrality

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Question 31. We should show some -provoking pictures first to illustrate
urbanization in our country.
A. thinking B. thinker C. thoughts D. thought
Question 32. As a child he watched his mother become a victim of abuse.
A. domestication B. domestic C. domestically D. domesticated
Question 33. In an agreement to reduce greenhouse gas , it is necessary to decide when
this concentration level should be achieved.
A. emit B. emissions C. emigrations D. emigrate
Question 34. Shifting to a new workplace, you shouldn’t disrupt your clock as it can be
dangerous to your health
A. biological B. biochemical C. biology D. biologist
Question 35. are working on a project to create a green and open area for people if they
want to escape from the hustle and bustle of city life.
A. Environmentally B. Environmental C. Environmentalists D. Environment
Question 36. Their insurance is expensive.
A. disproportionately B. proportionate C. proportion D. proportional
Question 37. Students can easily their memory with unnecessary information.
A. loading B. over C. overload D. load
Question 38. the effects of urbanization and ask the audience if they have any
questions.
A. Illustrative B. Illustration C. Illustrator D. Illustrate
Question 39. Vietnam should learn how countries solve the problems of urbanization.
A. underdeveloped B. developed C. develop D. developer
Question 40. An education has been proposed to the government.
A. initial B. initialize C. initially D. initiative
Question 41. The Chinese paper and gunpowder.
B. invented B. discovered C. found out D. revealed
Question 42. The application is with the implementation of the latest technology.
A. upgrade B. update C. up-to-date D. old-fashioned
Question 43. The of natural resources is essential in today’s economic and technological
development
A. urbanization B. disposal C. preservation D. respect
Question 44. Proper of harmful chemicals can prevent air and water pollution.
A. urbanization B. disposal C. preservation D. respect
Question 45. It is that all new migrants obey the rules and regulations of the local area.

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A. imperial B. imported C. impartial D. imperative
Question 46. The Prime Minister entered, by his bodyguards
A. proceded B. precede C. procede D. preceded
Question 47. She holds a role in the skiing team.
A. deciding B. decisive C. determined D. equal
Question 48. The hostess shows her of the guest’s unprofessional manner.
A. approval B. exception C. disapproval D. dislike
Question 49. The city holds an annual event to commemorate the act of the soldiers.
A. sacrificial B. superficial C. sacrifice D. invisible
Question 50. The clothes “ao dai” are worn by many generations.
A. mature B. traditional C. aging D. historic
Question 51. He made a(n) to help her with the heavy luggage.
A. trial B. request C. offer D. time
Question 52. This seems to be the only to the problem.
A. consequence B. outcome C. theory D. solution
Question 53. The excessive of the world's resources is rapidly destroying our planet.
A. exploitation B. digging C. craving D. emission
Question 54. We should raise the people's awareness of the effects of this new drug.
A. long-term B. weather-beaten
C. thought-provoking D. quick-witted
Question 15. It’s a common for doctors to take a patient’s temperature before an
examination.
A. habit B. custom C. regulation D. practice
Question 56. His of the job offer came as a total surprise.
A. upset B. rejection C. humiliation D. dismiss
Question 57. The city a massive change and it became one of the biggest
A. undertook B. overcame C. underwent D. overlooked
Question 58. Some of urbanization are skyscrapers, metros, and traffic congestion.
A. symbols B. hints C. suggestions D. recommendations
Question 59. Whenever England reaches the final, they always sing the song called
“Football’s coming home”
A. traditional B. practical C. customary D. customized
Question 60. Our main source of largely is from my wife.
A. salary B. wage C. income D. fee
Question 61. Racial in many big cities still exists despite authorities’ efforts to stop it.

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A. discrimination B. dismissal C. denial D. generation
Question 66. in many African countries is becoming more and more pervasive.
A. Rainy B. Drought C. Dry D. Hotness
Question 63. Single mothers have been given access to council housing.
A. preferring B. preferred C. preferential D. preferable
Question 64. The proposal to the council is so that the person who sent that should be
given an award.
A. thought-provoking B. down-to-earth C. forget-me-not D. weather-beaten
Question 65. Vegetable prices according to the season.
A. fluctuates B. gradually C. ceases D. concentrates
Question 66. After the presentation, I will everything in three keywords.
A. summarize B. total C. complete D. bottom line
Question 67. In my village, it is for a girl to take her mother's name.
A. customary B. accustomed C. customized D. customizable
Question 68. The of living in cities has changed a lot, in a positive manner.
A. degree B. quantity C. standard D. grade
Question 69. We try our best to her pain by using a stronger dose of aspirin.
A. modify B. alleviate C. intensify D. ameliorate
Question 70. Financial worries gradually his health and he was obliged to retire early.
A. disabled B. exhausted C. undermined D. invalidated

II. GRAMMAR:
❖ PRESENT TENSES
1. Present Simple
1.1. Form:

S + V (s/es) + …

I/ You/ We/ They/ Plural Nouns do/ work/ drive/ walk/ etc.

He/ She/ It/ Singular Nouns does/ works/ drives/ walks/ etc.

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1.2. Use:

a) Talk about habits

E.g. Susan walks to her school every day.
I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.
b) Talk about how often things happen
E.g. Robert usually goes on a business trip two times a year.
c) For repeated actions such as routines, habits, jobs, hobbies, and things that
always happens
E.g. The bus usually arrives in front of my school at exactly 7:30.
She loves playing badminton with her boyfriend.
*Keywords: open, close, begin, end, start, finish, arrive, leave, come, return.
d) States (e.g. feelings, emotions, thoughts, …)
E.g. I believe that we need to add more milk into the mixture.
The idea of a mountain trip sounds fascinating.
e) General truths, facts
E.g. The moon orbits around the Earth.
The Sun rises in the East.
f) Typical time expressions
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week, …
once/twice a day/week …
in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night, etc.
*NOTE: Emphasis with "do" and "does"
If a sentence uses "do" or "does" for emphasis, DO NOT conjugate the verb of the
sentence.
E.g.

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She says that I don't read a lot but actually, I do have a large collection of English novels.
He attends Mr. class regularly. However, he does complain a lot about the teacher's
attitude.
2. Present Continuous
2.1. Form:

S + be + V-ing + …

2.2. Use:

a) Actions happening at the present

E.g. My father is fixing my bicycle at the moment.
b) Temporary routine, situations
E.g. I'm taking the bus to work this month because my car is broken.
c) Changing and developing situations
E.g. The price of petrol is decreasing dramatically.
d) Annoying habits (Be + always/constantly/forever + V-ing)
E.g. Her neighbor is always turning the radio on loudly late at night.
e) Future arrangements
E.g. We are eating out tonight.
I'm leaving the city tomorrow morning.
f) Typical time expressions:
at the present, at the moment, now, still,…

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3. Present Perfect (Xem Unit 1)

➢ Hình 1

➢ Hình 2

➢ Hình 3

➢ Hình 4

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4. Present Perfect Continuous
4.1. Form:

S + have/has + been + V-ing + …

4.2. Use:

SO SÁNH 2 CÂU SAU:

1. At the present, Miss Hoa is teaching English.
🠒 NHẤN MẠNH Hành động đang xảy ra
2. Miss Hoa has been teaching for nearly two hours.
🠒 NHẤN MẠNH Quá trình của hành động (liên tục)
a) Actions (happening in the past) continuing up to the present moment
E.g. I have been working on this document for hours, and I still can't figure out what
it is saying.
b) Actions ended just before the present moment
E.g. He is completely exhausted. He has been decorating the house since this
morning.
*Keywords: since and for; all day/all morning/all week/ all year
*NOTE: Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous
In some cases, both tenses can be used with a similar meaning (actions continuing
up to the present).
E.g. I have worked in the airport for 3 years ≈ I have been working in the airport for 3
years.
The Present Perfect tense is used when we want to focus on:
- The result of an action (I have washed the car, so it's cleaner now.)
- How much/many (She has written 20 pages of the report.)
- How many actions (He has sent the same letter five times, but his family hasn't
received it yet.
- A state up to the present (expressed with stative verbs)

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(I have been in Canada for 2 years.)
The Present Perfect Continuous tense is used when we want to focus on:
- An action going up to the present
- How long (time)
- Repeated actions
- DO NOT use continuous tenses for describing states
5. Stative Verbs: Verbs that describe states
Stative verbs are NOT used in continuous tenses because they DO NOT describe actions.
E.g. It sounds interesting. but NOT It is sounding interesting.
I am at home. but NOT I am being at home.
(Xem thêm trong tài liệu ngữ pháp Unit 1)
❖ PAST TENSES
6. Past Simple
6.1. Form:

S + V2 + …

6.2. Use:

a) Completed/Finished actions
E.g. I broke the vase this morning.
She bought a cake for her husband’s birthday party.
b) Habits in the past
E.g. She often went to the zoo when she was younger.
My grandfather usually took me to the swimming pool when I was 6.
c) Truths and facts in the past
E.g. Telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
d) Main events in a story
E.g. The boy opened the door. He walked outside with a basket in his hand and

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hopped on the bus as it arrived.
*NOTE: We can use "did" in past simple statements for emphasis
E.g. He did join the club at first, but soon after that he suddenly left.
7. Past Continuous
7.1. Form:

S + was/were + V-ing + …

7.2. Use:
a) Actions happening at a particular time in the past
E.g. At 9pm yesterday, I was doing my homework.
b) Temporary situations in the past
E.g. Mark was teaching in Greenwich University in 2006.
c) An action in progress being interrupted by another action
E.g. When I was taking a shower last night, someone knocked on the front door.
d) Annoying past habits (with “always” or “constantly”)
E.g. He was always hiding my pen when we were in the same class.
e) Two actions in progress at the same time
E.g. We were playing video games while our mom was cooking in the kitchen.
f) Background information in a story
E.g. Jane looked through the glass pane. The sun was shining, the birds were flying
high up in the sky.
8. Past Perfect
8.1. Form:

S + had + V3 + …

8.2. Use:
a) Situations and states before a point of time or an action in the past
E.g. They had left the station when we arrived.
He had been an excellent businessman before he decided to become a teacher.
b) Completed actions which leaves results at a moment in the past
E.g. I felt so great because earlier my dad had allowed me to join the trip to the
mountain with my friends.
c) Expressions with "It/This was the first/second/third/… time"
E.g. It was the second time he had ordered fast food from that restaurant.
*NOTE: After using the Past Perfect once, we often use Past Simple instead of

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continuing with Past Perfect.
E.g. Before heading out to my school, I had forgotten to take an umbrella with me,
and I only realized my mistake when I walked under the light rain for several minutes.
(?) Which sentence is correct?
(e) After Mr Chi had finished compiling English tests, he went to bed. ( 2 hành động nhưng
cách nhau 1 khoảng thời gian)
(f) After Mr Chi finished compiling English tests, he went to bed. (2 hành động liên tiếp)
9. Past Perfect Continuous
9.1. Form:

S + had been + V-ing + …

9.2. Use:
a) Actions continuing up to a moment in the past
E.g. When we reached Cà Mau that day, we had been driving for about 10 hours.
b) Actions stopping just before a moment in the past
E.g. She looked so satisfied as she had been reading her favorite book all day long.
❖ FUTURE TIME:

10. “Will V1” – “Be going to V1” – “Be V-ing”

a) Use "will V1" to express
+ Instant decisions
E.g. "Oh, is that the phone ringing?" – "I will go and check it."
+ Offers and suggestions
E.g. I'll give you the password of my account if you need it.
+ Predictions without evidence
E.g. In the next 10 years, drones will dominate the sky.
+ Threats:
E.g. I will call the police if you don’t go out.
b) Use "be going to V1" to express

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+ Plans and intentions (made before speaking)
E.g. I'm going to travel to Europe next year.
+ Prediction based on evidence in the present
E.g. Look! The sky is getting dark. It's going to rain soon.
*Trong kỹ năng Writing, “Will + V” thường được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
c) Use “be V-ing” to express:
+ Actions and events that have already been decided and arranged
E.g. My family is traveling to Nha Trang next Saturday.
I’m meeting her at half-past ten at the café near my house.
11. Future Continuous
11.1. Form:

S + will be + V-ing + …
11.2. Use:

a) Actions in progress at a point of time in the future

E.g. At this time tomorrow, we'll be driving on the highway to Nha Trang.
b) Habits or repeated actions in the future
E.g. In the next 10 years, we'll be driving around in a driverless car.
12. Future Perfect
12.1. Form:

S + will have + V3 + …

12.2. Use:

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Actions that will be completed before another time/ event in the future.
E.g. I'll have finished my chemistry homework by the time you come home.
Adverb clause (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ): by the time you come home
🠒 Tense: present simple
Main clause (Mệnh đề chính): I'll have finished my chemistry homework

🠒 Tense: future perfect tense

🠒 By the time + present simple , future perfect tense .
13. Future Perfect Continuous
13.1. Form:

S + will have been + V-ing + …

13.2. Use:

Actions in progress up to a point in the future (duration of actions is emphasized)

E.g. By 2022, I will have been working in this company for 9 years.
14. Expressing the Future in Time Clauses (Phần hay ra thi)
Michael will come soon. When Michael comes, we will begin the party.
Time clause: When Michael comes
🠒 Khi mệnh đề thời gian mô tả hành động ở TƯƠNG LAI, ta dùng các thì sau đây cho động
từ trong mệnh đề thời gian đó:

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a. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

We'll see him when he comes.
b. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
While I am travelling abroad next year, I'm going to stay in youth hostels to save
money.
c. PRESENT PERFECT
I will go to bed after I have finished my work.

❖ PRONUNCIATION - “-ED” ENDING

Quy tắc 1: Phát âm là /id/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng các âm /t/ và /d/

E.g. started, decided, needed, wanted

Quy tắc 2: Phát âm là /t/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng các âm cuối là các phụ âm vô thanh –

voiceless consonants /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /k/, /f/, /p/, /θ/ ⭢ -s, -ss, -ce, -x, -sh, -ch, -k, -gh, -f, -p, -th

TIPS: khắp (k) phố (p) phường (f) sao (s) sáng (sh /∫/) chói (ch / t∫/) thế (th / θ /)

E.g. hoped, worked, laughed, addressed, published, watched, breathed, coughed

Quy tắc 3: Phát âm là /d/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng các âm CÒN LẠI (Phụ âm hữu thanh –
voiced consonants (/b/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /v/, /z/, /ð/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/, /η/) và âm nguyên âm (theo hình vị
tự: u, e, o, a, i)

Pronounce “-ed” When the verb

Example
ending as ends with
stopped, skipped, typed, hoped,jumped
/p/
kicked, looked, liked, booked,cooked
/k/
laughed, surfed, sniffed,
/f/ engulfed, cuffed
missed, faxed, embarrassed,tossed,
/t/ /s/ crossed
washed, rushed, distinguished,crashed,
/ʃ/ vanished
watched, switched, approached,touched,
/ʈʃ/ hatched
wanted, admitted, permitted,treated,
/ɪd/ /t/ attracted

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ended, needed, founded, funded,

/d/ avoided

All other opened, closed, lived, turned,

/d/ sounds played, studied

*Exceptions: There are several adjectives that end with “-ed”, which is pronounced /ɪd/
aged, dogged, ragged, blessed, learned, wicked, crooked, naked, wretched

- So, we say: an aged man; a blessed nuisance; a dogged persistence; a learned professor; a
wretched beggar
- However, words like age, learn, bless, dog will follow the same rules above if they are used as
verbs: He aged quickly; She learned well; The priest blessed him; They dogged him.

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 1. At this exact time yesterday, we the graduation day at a stadium.
A. were celebrating B. had celebrated C. were celebrated D. celebrate
Question 2. As a matter of fact, the Earth around the Sun.
A. rotating B. rotates C. rotated D. is rotating
Question 3. Yesterday, I to buy groceries.

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A. lined up B. lines up C. lining up D. was line up

Question 4. After we a blast at Huong’s house, we picked up our son and went home.
A. has B. have C. were having D. had had
Question 5. When I to Europe 2 years ago, I realized that most Europeans spoke English
fluently.
A. traveling B. travel C. traveled D. am traveling
Question 6. He for that company for five months when it went bankrupt.
A. has been worked B. has worked C. had been working D. was working
Question 7. You will need to study harder, or you get a scholarship.
A. will able to B. will not be able to C. cannot be able D. can able to
Question 8. At this time next year, all of the students the examinations.
A. will be taken part in B. will take part in C. take part in D. took part in
Question 9. He can’t go out because he his work yet.
A. doesn’t finish B. hasn’t finished C. can’t finish D. didn’t finish
Question 10. Our parents didn’t use to allow at night.
A. to go out B. us going out C. us go out D. us to go out
Question 11. taking an extra course next semester? It’s essential.
A. Have you considered B. Did you consider
C. Are you considering D. Had you considered
Question 12. At the moment, we online.
A. are studied B. study C. are studying D. were studying
Question 13. Since the culture exchange program began, we a lot of applications.
A. received B. have received C. receive D. were received
Question 14. As I soundly, the bell rang.
A. sleep B. was sleeping C. am sleeping D. be sleeping
Question 15. The grass was yellow because it all summer.
A. hadn’t rained B. doesn’t rain C. hasn’t rained D. wouldn’t rain
Question 16. In the past, people to the beach very frequently.
A. have gone B. used to go C. had gone D. were going
Question 17. After all, she him since her childhood.
A. knows B. knew C. had known D. was knowing
Question 18. The lights out because we the electricity bill.
A. have gone – did not pay B. will go – did not paid
C. go – would not pay D. went – had not paid

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Question 19. Urbanization without proper measurements in many Asian cities in recent years
people to suffer the consequence.
A. has caused B. cause C. caused D. had caused
Question 20. Sooner or later, people most of the time at home.
A. will spend B. are spending C. have spended D. spend
Question 21. When the “Doi Moi” plan in 1986, rapid urbanization occurred in many big
cities.
A. was executed B. had been executed C. execute D. is executed
Question 22. For a long time, Vietnamese cuisine around five fundamental taste "elements"
A. has been based B. based on C. is based D. was based
Question 23. Social inequalities occur in many big cities when the gap between the rich and the
poor .
A. extends B. is extended C. extended D. was extended
Question 24. English before you moved to England to study?
A. Was you studying B. Had you studied C. Did you study? D. Do you study
Question 25. The bus at 7 am so I’m usually at the station 10 minutes ahead.
A. has been left B. is leaving C. left D. leaves
Question 26. In the past, schools only for boys while girls at home.
A. were - stay B. was - stayed C. were - stayed D. be – stay
Question 27. By the time he gets home tomorrow, she the whole house.
A. cleans B. will have cleaned C. will be cleaning D. has been cleaning
Question 28. I back before Friday.
A. will be B. going to C. am being D. will
Question 29. You the bill by the time the item arrives next Monday.
A. will be receiving B. will have received C. have received D. receive
Question 30. It dark now so we need to pack our things and go home.
A. gets B. will get C. has got D. is getting
Rewrite the sentence so that they have the same meaning as the original one.
Question 31. This time tomorrow we’ll be in the air over the Atlantic. (flying)
We’ll be
Question 32. After taking the pills, I began to feel much better.
Since taking
Question 33. It's been two years since I was last in Hanoi.
I have not

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Question 34. Tom and Mary moved to Paris 20 years ago.

It is
Question 35. I haven’t eaten with knives and forks before.
It is
Question 36. The migration of young people to big cities has risen dramatically. (dramatic)
There
Question 37. The bridge will take us three years to complete.
In three years, we
Question 38. Nick thought that we were married.
Nick was under
Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense.
Farmers, as we all (39) (know), (40) (have) a hard time of it in Britain lately
and (41) (turn) to new ways of earning income from their land. This (42)
(involve) not only planting new kinds of crops but strange ways of making money, the most
unusual of which has got to be sheep racing. Yes, you hear me right! A farmer in the West of
England now (43) (hold) sheep races on a regular basis, and during the past few years,
over 100.000 people (44) (turn up) to watch the proceedings.
“I (45) (pass) the farm on my way to the sea for a holiday”, said a punter, “and I
(46) (think) I’d have a look. I (47) (not believe) it was serious. The sheep (48)
(run) surprisingly fast, although presumably, they (49) (not eat) for a while
just to give them some motivation. At any rate, the crowd around me (50) (obviously
enjoy) their day out at the races, judging by their happy faces and the sense of excitement.”
Pronunciation: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
Question 1. A. arrived B. believed C. received D. hoped
Question 2. A. opened B. knocked C. played D. occurred

Question 3. A. rubbed B. tugged C. stopped D. filled

Question 4. A. dimmed B. travelled C. passed D. stirred

Question 5. A. tipped B. begged C. quarreled D. carried

Question 6. A. tried B. obeyed C. cleaned D. asked

Question 7. A. packed B. added C. worked D. pronounced

Question 8. A. watched B. phoned C. referred D. followed

Question 9. A. agreed B. succeeded C. smiled D. closed

Question 10. A. laughed B. washed C. helped D. weighed

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Question 11. A. walked B. ended C. started D. wanted
Question 12. A. killed B. hurried C. regretted D. planned

Question 13. A. visited B. showed C. wondered D. studied

Question 14. A. sacrificed B. finished C. fixed D. seized

Question 15. A. needed B. booked C. stopped D. washed

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II. BONUS TEST:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined partdiffers
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. influenced B. terrified C. averaged D. accompanied
Question 2. A. crow B. eyebrow C. shower D. cow
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3. A. secure B. maintain C. reject D. household
Question 4. A. achievement B. experience C. politics D. intention
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 5. At least half of the world’s population more than one language.
A. speak B. speaks C. have spoken D. is speaking
Question 6. We are a survey to find out how people are making ends meet during the
quarantines.
A. processing B. doing C. conducting D. designing
Question 7. Tom things round the house and never puts them away, which is annoying.
A. always leaves B. has always left C. is leaving D. is always leaving
Question 8. The Prime Minister is meeting his European to discuss their economic
cooperation during the pandemic.
A. friends B. counterparts C. opponents D. components
Question 9. “How do you like sushi?” – “Well, it’s really different. It’s the first time I
Japanese food.”
A. eat B. am eating C. have eaten D. have been eating
Question 10. Poor is one of many reasons why many infectious diseases can spread so
quickly in slums.
A. sanitizer B. sanitize C. sanitary D. sanitation
Question 11. Scientists examining bodies of ancient people evidence of malaria in
people who at least three thousand years ago.
A. found – have lived B. find – had lived
C. have found – lived D. had found – would be living
Question 12. There is no word in English that has a meaning to that of the French
expression “bon appetit”, so most English speakers would directly use that phrase.
A. equivalence B. equivalently C. equivalents D. equivalent
Question 13. Dan made a lot of friends while he around America.

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A. was traveling B. has traveled C. will be traveling D. had traveled
Question 14. This is a book which is realistic, full of data and useful suggestions on how
to live in a foreign country.
A. down-from-space B. down-to-earth C. down-to-ground D. down-to-land
Question 15. By the time Sam got home from school, his brother all the cake.
A. had eaten B. was eating C. has been eating D. has eaten
Question 16. You shouldn't expect immigrants to assimilate an alien culture
immediately.
A. into B. onto C. in D. over
Question 17. The population of the Earth is increasing at a tremendous rate and out of
control.
A. they have become B. are soon going to be
C. soon will be D. why it will be
Question 18. I expect your Chinese _ a great deal by the time you back from
China.
A. has been improving – have got B. will have improved – get
C. had improved – would get D. improves – will be getting
Question 19. After moving alone to the city to study at university, John has had to apply for
multiple part-time jobs to keep the from the door.
A. bear B. wolf C. lion D. fox
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined part in each of the following questions.
Question 20. We do not want to put any disproportionate pressure on the employees. Their work
is hard enough already.
A. minimal B. excessive C. unnecessary D. effortless
Question 21. Our diet contributes to the high levels of heart disease prevalent in this country.
A. domineering B. scarce C. inordinate D. widespread
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is
OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions
Question 22. Her parents cannot keep up with the rapid changes of her music taste.
A. strange B. severe C. unstable D. slow
Question 23. The people are afraid of a lack of food supplies when the city is under quarantine.
A. abundance B. shortage C. storage D. transport

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentences that best completes
each of the following exchanges.
Question 24. Two friends are talking about the new park in the city.
- Lan: “I think that the park should be free for everyone to visit.”
- Nga: “ ”
A. I couldn’t agree more. B. Yes, it’s an absurd idea.
C. Well, that’s very surprising. D. I’m crazy about it.
Question 25. Hoa is apologizing to the teacher for coming to class late.
- Hoa: “Sorry I’m late, teacher. I was stuck in a traffic jam.”
- Teacher: “ ”
A. It’s OK. We’ve just started. B. Never mind. Thanks.
C. Don’t apologize. It’s my fault. D. My pleasure.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the word(s) that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
Throughout history, humans have (26) a need to build huge structures. Buildings
or structures of historical interest are known as monuments. UNESCO (the United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) protects many important monuments as
World Heritage Sites.
There are many reasons (27) building monuments. Some are tombs for great
people. For example, ancient Egyptians built pyramids to protect their kings after death. Centuries
later, the ruler Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in India as a (28) of love for his dead wife.
Some monuments remind us of great leaders from the past, such as Mount Rushmore's
giant carvings of American presidents. Other monuments have religious purposes, (29)
Göbekli Tepe, one of the oldest man-made structures on Earth. The purpose of some monuments-
such as the ancient stone circle of Stonehenge in England-is still a (30) .
Question 26. A. felt B. detected C. took D. received
Question 27. A. for B. to C. of D. on
Question 28. A. metaphor B. remnant C. symbol D. effigy
Question 29. A. so as B. as well as C. such as D. but also
Question 30. A. mystical B. mystic C. mysterious D. mystery

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
The Census Counts!
Every ten years there is a national census to count the number of people. The census counts
the number of people in each area, the number of men and women, their ages, their professions,
their family size and status. The census is the only way to count everyone. Its results are used by
a great many people and are available to everyone. The census is useful; it helps to work out
present and future needs for housing by seeing how many people are housed now, or the sizes
and ages of their families. In addition, the size of annual grants made by the government to public
services depends largely on the numbers and needs of people in the area provided by the census.
Furthermore, the census shows how many people have moved from one area to another and how
the number of the local workforce is changing.
The census is taken in order to provide the figures about the nation as a whole. It does not
give information about any named person, family, or household. Therefore, names and addresses
are needed on the forms, but they are not fed into the computer. After the census, the forms with
the names on are locked away and will not be released to anyone outside the Census Office for
100 years. The answers people give on their census forms will be treated in strict confidence.
Everyone working on the census is sworn to secrecy and can be sued if he or she improperly
reveals information.
Question 31. According to the passage, a census is .
A. a document that predicts the number of people in a nation in the next 10 years
B. a report that counts and describes the population of a nation every 10 years
C. a table that lists all the available jobs for the population of a nation within 10 years
D. a national research done every 10 years to see how satisfied the people are with their lives
Question 32. Which of the following is NOT a function of the census mentioned in the passage?
A. It predicts the number of houses needed in the future.
B. It tells people in the nation how big a family should be.
C. It helps the government decide the amount of money spent on public services.
D. It displays the changes of the workforce and the migration patterns.
Question 33. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to .
A. figures B. people
C. names and addresses D. forms
Question 34. The word “confidence” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. trust B. law C. publication D. secret

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Question 35. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the census?
A. The census is the main way to count the population of a nation.
B. The census never collects information like names, addresses or family.
C. Details like names or addresses are kept secret for 100 years.
D. Only the people working on the census can reveal the information.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Sometimes work, study or a sense of adventure take us out of our familiar surroundings
to go and live in a different culture. The experience can be difficult, even shocking. Almost
everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This
response is commonly referred to as ‘culture shock’. Culture shock can be defined as ‘the physical
and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own’
(Weaver, 1993).
For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give
rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and
personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but
will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their
circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and
seek out resources and support for themselves.
Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is
one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own
opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.
Price also comments that Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and
hence idealize the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult
Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians
are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.
Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a
consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but
study. Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and
relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such
information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly
established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older
people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have

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children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there
is a very good reason for asking.
Question 36. What is the passage mainly about?
A. What culture shock is and how it affects our mind
B. Why culture shock is more common in Australia
C. The effective solutions to culture shock
D. Culture shock and examples from Australia
Question 37. The word “adjusting” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. altering B. adapting C. accepting D. admitting
Question 38. According to Price (2001), Australian students are independent in the sense that
.
A. they never need their teacher to find answers for their questions
B. they try to avoid problems as much as possible by working on their own
C. they often figure out the answers by themselves using their teacher’s guidance
D. they rarely try to seek out support or resources from other people
Question 39. The word “form” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. produce B. confirm C. imagine D. prove
Question 40. Which of the following characteristics shows the fact that Australian people are
uncomfortable with differences in status?
A. They prefer addressing each other by their first name and title.
B. They believe that everyone should be treated equally.
C. They are often very serious about their work with other people.
D. They avoid making fun of other people and themselves.
Question 41. What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about Australian students?
A. They often neglect their schoolwork and spend a lot of time on leisure activities.
B. They believe that they should study and have fun at the same time.
C. They prioritize participating in leisure activities over their study.
D. They do not appreciate students who spend their time only on studying.
Question 42. Which of the following actions is considered rude and impolite by the Australians?
A. Talking about relationships after a close Australian friend has raised the topic
B. Asking an Australian stranger direct questions about his or her income and marriage
C. Avoiding topics such as body appearance and age during a conversation
D. Refusing to answer questions about personal relationships and financial matters

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Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 43. Our lifestyle changed since electricity was brought to our village.
A. Our lifestyle B. changed C. electricity D. to
Question 44. Most people had written with quill pens until pens with metal points become
popular in the middle of the 19th century.
A. had written B. pens C. become D. middle
Question 45. By the time you will finish getting ready, we will have missed the train.
A. will finish B. getting ready C. will have D. the
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 46. It was such a touching story that almost half of the readers cried.
A. Half of the readers almost cried for the touching book.
B. Almost half of the readers touched the book and cried.
C. Nearly half of the readers found the book touching.
D. Nearly half of the readers cried because of the touching book.
Question 47. It is much easier to walk home from here than to get on a crowded minibus.
A. If the minibus is full, I will probably just choose to walk home from here.
B. While it’s not easy to get on a crowded minibus, it’s better than going home on foot.
C. It is a lot more difficult to get on a full minibus than to go home from here on foot.
D. People walk home from here rather than use the minibus because they are rarely full.
Question 48. Sam speaks Chinese well and his Japanese is good, too.
A. Sam not only speaks Chinese well, but he is also good at Japanese.
B. Not only does Sam speak Chinese but also Japanese well.
C. Not only Chinese but also Japanese Sam is good at.
D. Sam is good at either Chinese or Japanese.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences of the following questions.
Question 49. She explained the problem to me. I didn’t understand it before that.
A. I didn’t understand the problem because she explained it to me.
B. I didn’t understand the problem until she explained it to me.
C. I didn’t understand the problem as soon as she explained it to me.
D. I didn’t understand the problem so that she explained it to me.
Question 50. Tiana will finish typing the letter. She will go home after that.

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A. Going home, Tiana will finish typing the letter.
B. Tiana won’t go home until she has finished typing the letter.
C. Tiana will go home before finishing typing the letter.
D. Tiana will go home though she hasn’t finished typing the letter.
----------THE END---------
(Thí sinh không được phép sử dụng tài liệu. Giám thị coi thi không giải thích gì thêm)

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